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characterization of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.we initially used 25 different random primers in order to test their ability to generate random amplified polymorphic dna fragments from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. from the tested primers we chose five to distinguish between seven isolates of this microorganism. the dna amplification patterns allowed clear differentiation of the seven isolates into two distinct groups with only 35% genomic identity. one of these groups contained two subgroups with 81% ge ...19957714219
pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in resistant and susceptible mice: relationship among progression of infection, bronchoalveolar cell activation, cellular immune response, and specific isotype patterns.using the intraperitoneal route of infection, we demonstrated previously that a/sn mice are resistant and b10.a mice are susceptible to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. since paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep systemic granulomatous disorder that involves primarily the lungs and then disseminates to other organs and systems, we herein investigated the course of the infection and the resulting immune responses developed by a/sn and b10.a mice after intratracheal infection with p. brasiliens ...19957729885
natural killer cell activity in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis of the syrian hamster.the study evaluated the activity of nk cells during the course of experimental infection of hamsters with paracoccidioides brasiliensis. eighty hamsters were infected with p. brasiliensis by intratesticular route and sacrificed at 24h, 48h, 96h, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 11 weeks of infection and compared to 40 noninfected hamsters employed as controls. these animals were submitted to the study of nk cytotoxic activity by a single-cell assay and humoral immune response by immunodiffusion and elisa tests. t ...19957481468
effect of macrophage blockade on the resistance of inbred mice to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.the effect of macrophage blockade on the natural resistance and on the adaptative immune response of susceptible (b10.d2/osn) and resistant (a/sn) mice to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection was investigated. b10.d2/osn and a/sn mice previously injected with colloidal carbon were infected ip with yeast cells to determine the 50% lethal dose, and to evaluate the anatomy and histopathology, macrophage activation, antibody production and dth reactions. macrophage blockade rendered both resistan ...19957566066
paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a mycologic and immunochemical study of a sample isolated from an armadillo (dasipus novencinctus).a sample of p. brasiliensis isolated from the spleen and the liver of an armadillo (dasipus novencinctus) has been analysed under a mycological and immunochemical viewpoint. the armadillo was captured in an area of tucuruí (state of pará, brazil), the animal being already established as an enzootic reservoir of p. brasiliensis at that region of the country. this sample maintained in the fungal collection of the tropical medicine institute of são paulo (brazil) numbered 135, has got all the chara ...19957569639
unraveling the secrets of histoplasma capsulatum. a model to study morphogenic adaptation during parasite host/host interaction.early in the developmental period of microbiology, pasteur first observed the phenomenon of dimorphism in fungi when he noticed that the bread mold mucor grew as a filamentous mold aerobically on the surface of broth cultures but at the bottom of the flask where the environment was anaerobic it reproduced as budding yeast cells. several infectious fungal pathogens of humans, namely histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenkii, and coccidioi ...19957571855
granulomatous reaction in the hamster cheek pouch induced by killed paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we have studied the role of paracoccidioides brasiliensis viability in the morphology of paracoccidioidomycotic granulomas in the hamster cheek pouch, an immunologically privileged site. naive (n = 75) and previously sensitized (n = 50) two-month old male hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were inoculated into the pouch with 5 x 10(5) live or heat- or formalin-killed fungi. previously sensitized animals presented a positive footpad test and immunodiffusion demonstrable antibodies (titer 1/32), at t ...19957581043
paracoccidioides brasiliensis expresses both glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and a potent phospholipase c.this study reports, for the first time, the detection of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) membrane anchors in proteins of a pathogenic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis. taking into account that fungal antigens are found in the sera of paracoccidioidiomycosis patients and that cleavage of this glycolipid by phospholipases is a means of selective protein release, the presence of an enzyme with this property has also been investigated. using a methodological approach in which the proteins we ...19957614372
characterization of an exocellular serine-thiol proteinase activity in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.an exocellular proteinase activity has been characterized in paracoccidioides brasiliensis culture filtrates. chromatographic analysis showed that the activity was eluted from an anion-exchange resource q column at 0.08-0.1 m nacl, and by gel filtration near ovalbumin elution, in a single peak. purification of the proteinase, however, was hampered by the low protein yield, in contrast to the high peptidase activity. numerous chromogenic peptidyl p-nitroanilide derivatives and internally quenched ...19957619058
influence of the genetic pattern and sex of mice in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.eight genetically different strains of mice were compared regarding the dissemination of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to the lungs, liver and omentum/pancreas, dth responses and specific antibody production at 16 weeks after intraperitoneal infection with pb18, a virulent p. brasiliensis isolate. the degree of dissemination of the infection varied: b10.a and c57b1/6, the most susceptible mouse strains, had positive cultures and high colony-forming unit (cfu) counts in all analysed organs. dba/2 ...19957621580
differential correlation between interleukin patterns in disseminated and chronic human paracoccidioidomycosis.in an attempt to understand better the immunoregulatory disorders in paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the possible correlation between interleukin pattern, lymphoproliferation, c-reactive protein (crp) and specific antibody levels was investigated in the polarized clinical forms of this disease. we studied 16 pcm patients, eight with the disseminated disease (four under treatment and four non-treated) and eight with the chronic disease. the patients with disseminated disease exhibited high antibody ...19957648715
the role of somatic structure of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis upon b cell activation in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.in this study, we report an increase of the number of antibody-secreting cells and the augmentation of antibody production against unrelated antigens in mice infected with the fungus p. brasiliensis, as well as in mice inoculated with cell wall preparation isolated from p. brasiliensis (cw). the immunomodulatory effect of the live fungus and the cw preparation was dose-dependent, and their actions were mainly restricted to the i.v. or i.p. inoculation simultaneously with the sheep erythrocyte ch ...19957648716
cloning and nucleotide sequence of a specific dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we cloned and sequenced a species-specific 110-bp dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the dna fragment was generated by pcr with primers complementary to the rat beta-actin gene under a low annealing temperature. comparison of the nucleotide sequence, after excluding the primers, with those in the genbank database identified approximately 60% homology with an exon of a major surface glycoprotein gene from pneumocystis carinii and a fragment of unknown function in saccharomyces cerev ...19957650207
delayed hypersensitivity test with paracoccidioidin in captive latin american wild mammals.the aim of this investigation was to study epidemiological aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis, the main endemic systemic mycosis in brazil. this study was carried out using the paracoccidioidin delayed hypersensitivity test in 96 latin american wild mammals, including 49 arboreal animals (primates): 33 cebus apella (weeping-capuchin), 16 callithrix jacchus (marmoset); and 47 terrestrial animals (carnivora): 37 nasua nasua (coatimundi), and 10 felidae [panthera onca (jaguar), felis paradalis (ocel ...19957650577
severe juvenile type paracoccidioidomycosis in an adult.paracoccidioidomycosis has recently been classified into juvenile (acute) and adult (chronic) forms. the latter affects middle-aged men and causes mucocutaneous lesions, while the more rare juvenile form affects the reticuloendothelial system of children and adults of both sexes under 30 years of age. it is not yet known, however, if the patient's age has a role in determining the immune response patterns to the fungus and the evolution to one form or the other. we present a 45-year-old man who ...19957650582
lack of reactivity of paracoccidioidomycosis sera in the double immunodiffusion test with the gp43 antigen: report of two cases.sera from two patients with chronic active paracoccidioidomycosis yielded negative double immunodiffusion results with a culture filtrate antigen from paracoccidioides brasiliensis routinely used in our laboratory. complement fixation tests were positive for both sera using a polysaccharide-rich antigen. this study reports the results of a more extensive serological investigation of these two sera. both a somatic antigen and a saline extract from the fungus yielded positive results in the double ...19957658301
responses of t and b lymphocytes to a paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell wall extract in healthy sensitized and nonsensitized subjects.antigen-specific cellular immunity in paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) has been poorly studied due to lack of standard in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assays. to standardize such an assay, we studied t and b cell responses to a paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell wall extract (pbag) in healthy subjects sensitized to either p. brasiliensis [pb(+)hc(-)] or to histoplasma capsulatum [hc(+)pb(-)], and in nonsensitized persons. all subjects showed, as expected, a vigorous proliferative response to a con ...19957677223
optimization of a mouse immunization protocol with paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens.the objectives of the present study were to optimize the protocol of mouse immunization with paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens (rifkind's protocol) and to test the modulation effect of cyclophosphamide (cy) on the delayed hypersensitivity response (dhr) of immunized animals. experiments were carried out using one to four immunizing doses of either crude particulate p. brasiliensis antigen or yeast-cell antigen, followed by dhr test four or seven days after the last immunizing dose. the data ...19958524083
cyclophosphamide effect on paracoccidioidomycosis in the rat.paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal disease widely distributed throughout latin america. the potent immunosuppressor cyclophosphamide (cy) has been used to modulate host immune response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in an experimental model. inbred male buffalo/sim rats weighing 250-300 g were inoculated with 5 x 10(6) p. brasiliensis cells of the yeast phase form by intracardiac route. one group of animals was treated with 20 mg/kg body weight at days +4, +5, +6, +7, +11 and +12 post ...19958525267
paracoccidioidomycosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. report of seven cases.we report the clinical findings and evolution of seven patients (five men and two women), the majority of them intravenous drug users, with paracoccidioidomycosis associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in four of the patients the paracoccidioidomycosis was restricted to the lung and in the three others was generalized with cutaneous involvement. only two of them had lived recently in rural area, an indication of the possible reactivation of latent focal infection in the other f ...19958525274
expression and isoforms of gp43 in different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.individual exoantigens from 13 paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates were obtained and tested against a panel of 50 sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis by immunodiffusion test. the index of positivity varied from 20 to 100% according to the isolate. when these exoantigens were analysed by sds-page, eight presented high amounts of the glycoprotein gp43, two presented small amounts and in three there was no detectable gp43. the eight isolates presenting high amounts of gp43 were submit ...19958531019
glycolipids from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. isolation of a galactofuranose-containing glycolipid reactive with sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.in the present study, we describe the isolation of glycolipids from yeast and mycelium forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. both forms contains glucosylceramide as the only neutral glycosphingolipid and two acidic glycolipids termed band 1 and band 2. band 1 was found to be reactive with 100% of sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis tested. structural analysis of band 1 revealed that it is composed of mannose and galactose in molar ratios of 2:1, and a trace amount of glucose. furtherm ...19958531023
isoenzyme profile of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.isoenzyme profiles of 10 strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from different origins (nine strains from patients with different clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis and one from the faeces of a penguin) were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 37 different enzymes. differences in carbonate dehydratase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoseisomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-esterase were detected a ...19958544079
immunochemical study of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis polysaccharide-like antigen.the polysaccharide antigen from p. brasiliensis has been largely employed in serologic tests ,as well as in skin tests, to evaluate cellular immunity. sds-page analysis of this antigen has revealed a variability in the number of bands exhibited by isolates sn, 265, 339, 113, and 18 (7 to 16 bands). the antigens obtained from isolates 2, ptl, 192 and adel showed two or three bands. glycoprotein analysis demonstrated a broad region between 50 and 90 kda. major bands of 48 and 30 kda were present i ...19958683406
paracoccidioidomycosis in a renal transplant recipient.paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection rarely described in immunodeficient patients. we report a severe case of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in a renal transplant recipient and demonstrate deficiencies of in vitro lymphocytic transformation assays, skin hypersensitivity tests, as well as low levels of antibodies to paracoccidioides brasiliensis.19958683410
an atypical isolate of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.an atypical strain of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was obtained from a patient with disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis. this isolate, which has been maintained in the laboratory for 4 years by successive subcultures (30-40 days) in fava netto medium, produces cerebriform colonies characteristic of the yeast phase of the fungus when left at room temperature. microscopy shows a predominance of yeasts with multiple buds, side by side with some branching filamentous structures presenting intercala ...19958720200
isolation and partial characterization of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis 58 kda extracellular glycoprotein which is recognized by human immune sera.a novel 58 kda antigenic determinant of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a panel of species-specific murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs). western immunoblot analysis, deglycosylation studies and isoelectric focusing indicated that this 58 kda antigen is a glycoprotein, with a pi of approximately 5.2. the molecule was purified from p. brasiliensis culture filtrate and yeast cytoplasmic antigens by membrane ultrafiltration, liquid i ...19958560542
biochemistry and molecular biology of the main diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the 43,000 dalton glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (gp 43) is the main exocellular antigen recognized by sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis in a variety of serological assays. specific conformational peptide epitopes are recognized by the human antibodies as determined by antigen deglycosylation. procedures for the purification of the gp43 using immunoaffinity chromatography have been described. the secretion of the gp43 as a function of the growth curve, its partial agg ...19958580684
in search of the natural habitat of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) is the dimorphic fungus responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one of the most important systemic mycosis in latin america where the disease is geographically restricted. the natural habitat of the causative agent remains undetermined. we are planning to use pcr-based technology in order to amplify specific dna fragments. the high sensitivity of this technique may allow us to detect the natural habitat of pb. in this study, we prepared a cdna library fro ...19958580685
[isolation of an paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigen from solid culture media].the goal of this work was to develop in solid medium a fast method to obtain paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) with a high yield. four culture media were assayed: sabouraud honey-agar, sabouraud dextrose-agar, tomato -agar-medium (tom) and a medium based on grape pulp. the most exhuberant growth was observed in medium based on grape pulp. antigen was prepared in microscale at 6, 10 and 15 days incubation of solid cultures and the crude product concentrated by means of centriplus tubes (helena, ...19958588052
paracoccidioidomycosis and aids: an overview.the scarcity of reported cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and aids remains unexplained. we review the details of the 27 cases reported in the medical literature. paracoccidioidomycosis occurs in patients with advanced aids who are not receiving prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is also effective against paracoccidioides brasiliensis. clinical manifestations include prolonged fever, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepat ...19958589154
the hamster cheek pouch: an immunologically privileged site suitable to the study of granulomatous infections.the hamster cheek pouch is an invagination of oral mucosa, characterized histologically as skin-like. in this paper we describe anatomical, histological and embriological features of the pouch and comment on the pouch as an immunologically privileged site since it lacks lymphatic drainage and has few langerhans cells. we present the review from literature and our observations after inoculation in the pouch of mycobacteriae (bcg, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae) and a fungus ( ...19958599058
neutrophil oxidative metabolism and killing of p. brasiliensis after air pouch infection of susceptible and resistant mice.the oxidative burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) and their ability to inhibit paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth was studied in susceptible (b10.a) and resistant (a/j) mice. the cells were obtained after subcutaneous inoculation in air pouches, yielding highly pure pmn preparations; the number of cells was similar for both strains at 24 h and five times higher in the resistant strain at 15 days. the oxidative metabolism of these pmn was evaluated by the luminol and lucigen-enhanced c ...19968613700
cloning, characterization, and epitope expression of the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the 43,000-da glycoprotein (gp43) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an immunodominant antigen for antibody-dependent and immune cellular responses in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. in order to identify the peptide epitopes involved in the immunological reactivities of the gp43 and to obtain highly specific recombinant molecules for diagnosis of the infection, genomic and cdna clones representing the entire coding region of the antigen were sequenced. the gp43 open reading frame was foun ...19968626811
antigen-specific immunosuppression in paracoccidioidomycosis.to characterize the immune dysfunction associated with paracoccidioidomycosis, we studied the in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (pha), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), a candida albicans antigen (cma), and a paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (pbag) in 32 patients with the acute and the chronic form of the disease before or during the initial phase of treatment and after clinical cure. we also studied, as controls, 30 healthy individuals, 15 of them immune to p. brasiliensis. result ...19968651374
ornithine decarboxylase in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.ornithine decarboxylase in paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic human pathogenic fungus, was more active at 37 degrees c in the yeast phase and at 30 degrees c in the mycelial phase. in contrast to other fungal systems, yeast growth and mycelium-to-yeast transition in p. brasiliensis were accompanied by a high activity of ornithine decarboxylase at the onset of the budding process, the activity of which was inhibited by 1,4-diamino-2-butanone. the activity of ornithine decarboxylase remain ...19968661922
structural characterization of a new galactofuranose-containing glycolipid antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.an acidic glycolipid (band 1), purified from p. brasiliensis by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, hplc, and hptlc, was found to be reactive with sera of all patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). monosaccharide analysis of band 1 yielded mannose and galactose in a 2:1 ratio, while mild acid hydrolysis and mild periodate oxidation/nab3h4 reduction indicated the presence of a terminal galactofuranose. preliminary analysis of 1h-nmr and ms data suggests that the structure of the gl ...19968670257
intramedullary spinal cord paracoccidioidomycosis. report of two cases.two cases of intramedullary paracoccidioidomycosis are reported. paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease that involves the buccopharyngeal mucosa, lungs lymph nodes and viscera and infrequently the central nervous system. localization in the spinal cord is rare. case 1: a 55-year old male admitted with crural pararesis, tactile/painful hypesthesia and sphincter disturbances of 15 days duration. cutaneous-pulmonary blastomycosis was diagnosed 17 years ago. myelotomography showed a blockade o ...19969109993
thoracic intraspinal paracoccidioidomycosis. case report.intramedullary lesions caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis have been rarely described. its diagnosis may be challenging and surgical approach is indicated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. we hereby report a case with mri and surgical findings in a 45 year-old woman with intramedullary paracoccidioidomycosis, and make a review of other cases presented in the literature.19969109994
cellular immunity and immunostimulation in paracoccidioidomycosis.we have evaluated clinical and laboratorial effects of immunostimulation scarification with antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, who often show depressed immunity. we have studied 62 brazilian patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, 46 with active disease and 16 cured, in a 10-year period between 1982 and 1992. among the 46 patients with active disease: 10 had acute form, 12 chronic unifocal form and 24 the chronic multifocal form of the disease; 16 sho ...19968766739
evaluation and comparison of the growth and viability of yeast-like cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the growth and viability of two paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains were evaluated in pyg and mmcm media containing no boric acid. the two p. brasiliensis strains exhibited a similar growth pattern in pyg medium, which was considered to be good compared with the growth curves in defined mmcm medium without boric acid. calculation of cell generation time in the media studied demonstrated that the cells had greater difficulty in forming new generations in mmcm medium containing no boric acid. th ...19968767000
histopathology of paracoccidioidomycotic infection in athymic and euthymic mice: a sequential study.we report the comparative and sequential histologic analysis of lesions developed by paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected athymic and euthymic balb/c mice, using conventional and specific stain to characterize the morphology of fungi and inflammatory cells as well as the extracellular matrix patterns. in both groups, neutrophils and macrophages were the predominant cells; macrophage transition to giant and epithelioid cells was observed. degenerated fungi and fungal dust were associated with l ...19968780467
paracoccidioides brasiliensis-gp43 used as paracoccidioidin.a purified glycoprotein of 43,000 daltons from paracoccidioides brasiliensis (gp43) was tested as paracoccidioidin in delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) tests in both experimental animals (guinea pig and mice) and patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). the gp43 paracoccidioidin was compared with the traditional fava netto antigen (agfn). in guinea pigs, the intradermal injection of 2 micrograms of gp43 showed a similar response to those obtained with agfn, showing in histological sections ...19968803794
immunochemical and subcellular localization of the 43 kda glycoprotein antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis with monoclonal antibodies.two monoclonal antibodies st-7 (igg1) and st-8 (igg2b), directed against a 43 kda glycoprotein (gp43) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were produced. it was possible to detect the gp43 by elisa in amounts as low as 100 ng per well, and by western blot about 300 ng were detected. mild treatment of the gp43 with sodium metaperiodate did not alter its reactivity with st-7 and st-8, which suggests that these mabs recognize peptide epitopes. confirming the periodate oxidation data, the 38 kda protein ...19968803798
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and characterization of a 27-kda antigenic protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.a gene encoding a 27-kda antigenic protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. a cdna library of the mycelial phase was produced and packed in uni-zap-xr vector, lambda zap ii synthesis kit (stratagene, la jolla, ca). the screening of the library was carried out using a pool of sera from paracoccidioidomycosis patients that had proven reactive in serological testing. among 44,000 immuno-screened clones from the library, 2 were positive (clones 2 and 3). t ...19968810517
inoculation experimental animals with paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains: an attempt to reestablish the dimorphic process and variation in pathogenicity as a function of time of preservation under mineral oil.in an attempt to reestablish the dimorphic process in strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the transition phase (y reversible m) and to reisolate them, five strains in the transitional phase due to the long time of preservation under mineral oil and two strains in the yeast-like phase were inoculated into male albino rats. the animals were then studied for the presence of paracoccidioidomycotic granulomata. of the seven strains inoculated, five caused granulomatous nodules in several orga ...19968817931
cutaneous manifestations of systemic mycoses.systemic fungal diseases are primary pulmonary diseases caused by the dimorphic fungal pathogens, blastomyces dermatitides, coccidioides immitis. histoplasma capsulatum, or paracoccidioides brasiliensis. infection occurs after inhalation of the infectious form of the fungus and may be acute, self-limited, or subclinical. primary cutaneous infection occurs only after traumatic implantation of the fungus and is unusual. erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme may accompany the acute form of the di ...19968821165
pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis misdiagnosed as pneumocystis pneumonia in an immunocompromised host.yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis can resemble the cysts of pneumocystis carinii in smears stained with grocott's modification of the gomori methanamine silver stain. furthermore, p. brasiliensis can cross-react in material stained with a widely used p. carinii immunofluorescent stain which uses monoclonal antibodies. the need to differentiate p. brasiliensis and p. carinii will become more important as the increasing incidence of immunosuppression results in the reactivation of laten ...19968862614
cycloactive, aneugenic and clastogenic effects of paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigen in human lymphocyte cultures.the in vitro effect of paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigen on the human lymphocytes cell cycle and chromosomes was studied. human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from ten healthy, white, non-smoking, non-related adult males (mean age 31.3 +/- 8.2 years) were studied. blood cultures were treated with three exoantigen concentrations (0.25, 2.50 and 10.00 micrograms ml-1). at least 1000 metaphases were analysed at each concentration, for evaluation of numerical and structural chromosome a ...19968873883
evaluation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis exoantigen in the detection of delayed dermal hypersensitivity in experimental and human paracoccidioidomycosis.the exoantigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis standardized by camargo et al. (agr) was used to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro cell immune response of experimental animals and of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pbm). fava netto antigen (agf) was tested in parallel as a control antigen. the study was conducted with mice and guinea pigs infected with p. brasiliensis or immunized with its fungal antigens, on patients with pbm and on their respective control groups. the cell immune respons ...19968873886
structure of the n-linked oligosaccharide of the main diagnostic antigen of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the exocellularly secreted 43,000 da glycoprotein (gp43) which contains a single n-linked oligosaccharide chain. this oligosaccharide, although poorly immunogenic in man, is responsible for the cross-reactivity of the gp43 with sera from patients with histoplasmosis, and may have a role in fungal virulence. it contains a neutral high-mannose core (man7glcnac2) to which a (1-->6)-linked alpha-d-manp chain of variable length, substit ...19968877371
paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in nude mice: studies with isolates differing in virulence and definition of their t cell-dependent and t cell-independent components.athymic and euthymic balb/c mice infected with highly (pb18) or slightly (pb265) virulent paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates were compared regarding mortality, presence of viable yeasts, specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg titers, and the antigen recognition patterns of these antibodies. isolate pb18 caused a more severe disease in athymic mice, as supported by higher number of infected organs and shorter survival times. these animals, however, were resistant to pb265 infection. high tit ...19968916794
the use of glucan as immunostimulant in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.a group of 10 patients, nine of them seriously infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis (g1), received glucan (beta-1,3 polyglucose) as an immunostimulant intravenously once a week for one month, followed by monthly doses (10 mg) over an 11-month period, together with a specific anti-fungal agent as an immunostimulant. a second group of eight moderately infected patients (g2) was treated with only the anti-fungal agent. among the patients in g1, there was only one case of relapse compared wit ...19968940980
monoclonal antibodies against the 43,000 da glycoprotein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis modulate laminin-mediated fungal adhesion to epithelial cells and pathogenesis.the surface glycoprotein gp43, a highly immunogenic component of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is used in the serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and has recently been shown to specifically bind the extracellular matrix protein laminin. binding to laminin induces the increased adhesion of the fungus to epithelial cells; a hamster testicle infection model has shown that the gp43-dependent binding of fungal cells to laminin enhances their pathogenicity in vivo. we report on the producti ...19968985752
osteomyelitis by paracoccidioides brasiliensis (south american blastomycosis): cytologic diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration biopsy smears: a case report.a case of osteomyelitis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis primarily diagnosed by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is reported here in a 60-yr-old italian patient who had lived in venezuela for 40 yr. the cytologic and electron microscopic features of the exudate aspirated from a left femoral osteolytic area are described, and the differential diagnosis of this mycotic infection is discussed briefly.19968989552
immunological characterization of a recombinant 27-kilodalton antigenic protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we report the expression in escherichia coli of a 27-kda antigenic protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. when analyzed by immunoblotting, this recombinant antigenic protein was recognized by antibodies present in the sera of 40 of the 44 paracoccidioidomycosis patients studied. no cross-reactions were observed with sera from patients with other mycoses (histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, and chromoblastomycosis) or with tuberculosis.19968991645
paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen batches from the same isolate show immunological and biochemical differences.we investigated the occurrence of antigenic and biochemical variability among paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen batches prepared according to the same protocol. initially (experiment #1), we analyzed two antigen lots of two human isolates (bt1 & bt2), cultured in two media (pyg: bactopeptone, yeast extract, glucose; mmm: mcveigh & morton medium) in sds-page and in two immunological tests (immunodiffusion-id and footpad swelling test-fpt). afterwards (experiment #2), we compared the antigenic ...19969008879
addison's disease caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis: diagnosis by needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal gland. 19968553971
isolation of fungi from nature in the region of botucatu, state of são paulo, brazil, an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis.in an attempt to isolate paracoccidioides brasiliensis from nature 887 samples of soil from botucatu, sp, brazil, were collected cultured in brain heart infusion agar supplemented with dextrose, in potato dextrose agar and in yeast extract starch dextrose agar, all with antibiotics, at 25 degrees and 37 degrees c. five thermo-dependent dimorphic fungi morphologically resembling p. brasiliensis were isolated; two from armadillo holes; further studies of the biology, antigenicity and genetic featu ...19969283642
isolation and possible composition of glucosylceramides from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.twelve different species of neutral monohexosyl ceramides (cmhs) and two species of neutral monohexosyl ceramides were isolated from mycelium and yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, respectively, by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, hplc, and hptlc. the glucosylceramides did not react with sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). carbohydrate analysis indicated that cmhs contain glucose. analysis of 1h-nmr and mass spectrometry data suggest that the structure o ...19969196542
the asteroid body of lobomycosis.lobomycosis is a dermal mycosis produced by loboa loboi. it gives rise to dermal granulomas in which giant cells phagocytose an overwhelming number of fungi. intracytoplasmatic asteroid bodies (ab) have been observed in some giant cells. their nature is unknown and they have been confused with the sporotrichotic ab. we studied 84 skin biopsies from 53 patients with lobomycosis, 7 by electron microscopy (em). immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal anti-sporothrix schenckii antibody was performed ...19969208474
epidemiologic skin test survey of sensitivity to paracoccidioidin, histoplasmin and sporotrichin among gold mine workers of morro velho mining, brazil.skin tests with paracoccidioidin, histoplasmin and sporotrichin were applied to 417 workers of morro velho mining in the state of minas gerais, brazil, with the main purpose of detecting the prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis-infection, histoplasmosis capsulate-infection and sporotrichosis-infection. the rates of positivity to the skin tests were 13.43% for paracoccidioidin, 17.50% for histoplasmin and 13.67% for sporotrichin. several epidemiological factors were investigated for a better inte ...19969063004
polyamines in growth and dimorphism of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.putrescine and spermidine were the only polyamines found in paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus pathogenic for humans. free polyamines (putrescine > spermidine) increased during the first 24 h of yeast growth, with a second peak at 42 h, and also during the first 12 h of mycelium-to-yeast transition (spermidine > putrescine). conjugated and bound polyamines were also quantified. 1, 4-diamino-2-butanone decreased free putrescine and spermidine accumulation by inhibiting the activity ...19969082919
in vitro amphotericin b effects on growth, viability and dimorphism of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: reversal of the treatment.the in vitro effects of amphotericin b deoxycholate suspension (fungizone) on paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth, cell viability and transformation were investigated. we also analyzed the protein synthesis patterns of both cellular forms, yeast and mycelium in the presence of amb. this drug, at 30 micrograms/ml, highly inhibited yeast growth, which could be recovered depending on treatment time, where the most effective reversion was observed after 6 hr of incubation. the yeast cell viability, ...19979087951
lung tissue mechanics in the early stages of induced paracoccidioidomycosis in rats.pulmonary dysfunction represents the most important cause of death in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pbm). in order to investigate the functional changes of the lungs in the early stages of pbm, a model of benign disease was developed by intratracheal challenge of 12-week old isogenic wistar rats with 1 x 10(6) yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. animals were studied 30 and 60 days after infection, when fully developed granulomas were demonstrable in the lungs. measurements of a ...19979496434
electrophoretic karyotype of clinical isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.chromosomal dna molecules were obtained from eight clinical isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis during the early staged of the yeast to mycelial transformation process and were separated by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. in seven of the isolates, it was possible to separate five bands, albeit with two different migration patterns (a and b). in the remaining isolate only four bands were observed (pattern c). the isolated chromosomes showed molecular sizes ra ...19979228790
protein synthesis patterns of paracoccidiodes brasiliensis isolates in stage-specific forms and during cellular differentiation.in this paper we compared the protein synthesis patterns of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates. the protein profiles were compared for both yeast and mycelial forms and similarity analysis among them was performed by calculating similarity matrices and grouping the isolates in dendrograms. the examined isolates exhibited highly variable cellular morphology at 36 degrees c, when typical yeast cells were expected. on the other hand, at 26 degrees c all the isolates showed mycelial morphology. ...19979229337
igg, igm and iga antibody response for the diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis: comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation.igg, igm and iga antibodies to gp43 (glycoprotein fraction of paracoccidioides brasiliensis) were measured by elisa in 63 samples from 23 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis before and twice after chemotherapy was started. antibodies against p. brasiliensis were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (if) (igg, igm and iga isotypes), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) and complement fixation. two control groups composed of 19 healthy individuals and 12 patients with other diseases (six with hi ...19979229338
cellular requirements for immunomodulatory effects caused by cell wall components of paracoccidioides brasiliensis on antibody production.in a previous study, we reported an increase in the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells and the augmentation of antibody production (igm and igg3) against unrelated antigens (sheep erythrocytes or bovine serum albumin (bsa)) in mice infected with the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis as well as in mice inoculated with its cell wall preparation (cw). the immunomodulatory effect of the live fungus and cw preparation was dose-dependent and mainly restricted to the i.p. inoculation simultane ...19979276521
paracoccidioides cerebriformis moore, 1935. mycologic and immunochemical study.the present study concern on mycologic and immunochemical data obtained from two samples of a fungus considered as belonging to the species paracoccidioides cerebriformis described by moore in 1935, and maintained since then on sabouraud's agar in the mycology collection of the instituto de medicina tropical de são paulo. after 60 years, the samples exhibited the same characteristics described by moore (1935). however, experimental lesions did not resulted in guinea-pigs inoculated intratesticul ...19979460253
paracoccidioidomycosis: an uncommon localization in the scrotum.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the authors present a case of a 49-year-old man who developed verrucous lesions on nasal mucosa and on genital localization (inguinal and scrotal), without signs of systemic disease. direct mycological examination, culture on sabouraud glucose medium, and biopsy were positive for p. brasiliensis. the interest of this case is the genital localization which is uncommon in t ...19979470405
changes in plasmatic biochemical parameters during experimental murine paracoccidioidomycosis.determinations of plasma cholesterol, hdl-cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, bilirubin, aspartate transaminases (ast), glucose, iron and total iron binding capacity were evaluated after 15 and 90 days of intraperitoneal infection with 5 x 10(6) virulent yeasts of paracoccidioides brasiliensis pb 18 isolate in resistant (a/j) and susceptible (b10.a) mice. significant differences between control and infected groups were seen: an increase of triglycerides and total proteins for both strain ...19979292419
model of in vitro granulomatous hypersensitivity in human paracoccidioidomycosis.with the purpose of studying the immunological components of granulomatous hypersensitivity in patients infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis, we used the model of in vitro granuloma formation developed for schistosomiasis studies, that correlates with in vivo granulomatous reactivity occurring around eggs trapped in organs of infected donors. in this case, granuloma formation can be determined examining cellular reactivity manifested as multiple cell layers surrounding antigen-conjugated ...19979368406
localization of glycoconjugates and glycogen in yeast-like cells and protoplasts of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the presence and localization of storage polysaccharides and of polysaccharides as cell structure constituents of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast-like cells and protoplasts were studied using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (patag) technique. yeast-like cells presented glycogen particles in the form of rosettes, which were mostly concentrated in regions of the cytoplasm. cells in the budding process presented small amounts of glycogen in their matrix. the intracellular ...19979375493
[monoarthritis of the knee as an isolated manifestation of paracoccidioidomycosis].osteoarthritis in paracoccidioidomycosis has been rarely reported. the present case describes a 36-"year"-old woman, with chronic monoarthritis in the knee lasting 4 years. the diagnosis was achieved only after synovial biopsy, by anatomopathological examination showing granulomatous reaction with a large number of the characteristic "pilot wheel"paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells. specific therapy, initially with ketoconazole and followed by cotrimoxazole led to complete functional recov ...19979380899
reactivity of anti-gp43 antibodies from paracoccidioides brasiliensis antiserum with extracts from cutaneous lesions of lobo's disease. preliminary note.we demonstrated through several immunochemical tests the presence of gp43 from p. brasiliensis in extracts of cutaneous lesions from jorge lobo's disease. this glicoprotein is one of the immunodominant antigens in this species, and is used to identify it. the demonstration of gp43 tissues infected by the agent of jorge lobo's disease is an additional evidence for classifying it in the genera paracoccidioides, species loboi.19979394534
use of monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis: new strategies for detection of circulating antigens.the precise diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, in most cases, is established by direct methods and indirect immunological tests. the latter method is reliant on the identification of the host's humoral responses, which are usually impaired or absent in patients with severe juvenile forms of the disease and in immunocompromised patients. determining disease activity or assessing treatment responses by measuring antibody levels is difficult, since antibody titer may remain elevated or persist at ...19979399534
expression of glycoprotein gp43 in stage-specific forms and during dimorphic differentiation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.expression of the 43 kda glycoprotein (gp43) was analysed in several paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates. using one- and two-dimensional analysis of crude cellular extracts, it was shown that protein expression in yeast and mycelium was dependent on the isolate analysed. in two strains, in both yeast and mycelium cells. gp43 was present, whereas expression was restricted to the yeast phase of two other strains. the clinical implications of this phase-specific gp43 expression are uncertain.19979402527
antigenic similarities to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in thermo-dependent dimorphic fungi isolated from soil in botucatu, sp, brazil.we compared the antigenic characteristics of two thermo-dependent dimorphic fungi isolated from soil in botucatu, an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the soil isolates grew as cerebriform colonies at 37 degrees c (yeast form) and as cottonous colonies at 25 degrees c (mycelial form). no pathogenicity for ddy mice or hamsters were observed. in immunodiffusion test, there were precipitation bands between the 2 soil isolates and pooled pcm patient sera ...19979404023
monocyte adherence to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, zymosan-c3b and erythrocyte-hemolysin in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.independent and dependent (c3b/fc receptors) opsonic adherence ability of monocytes from thirty-three patients with acute or chronic paracoccidioidomycosis and from 13 healthy individuals were studied in the presence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb), paracoccidioides brasiliensis opsonized by patient's serum (pbps) or normal serum (pbns), zymosan opsonized by fresh sera from healthy donors (zyns) and erythrocytes opsonized by hemolysin (ea). statistically significant differences concerning ...19979433808
interactions of f1 fractions from different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis with human complement and with human neutrophils.the aim of our study was to investigate differences that might exist in the activation of the human complement system by f1 fractions from four different isolates of p. brasiliensis. isolates hc and 18 (virulent), 265 (low virulence), and 9 (intermediate virulence, attenuated) were used; before the experiments, the virulence of isolates hc and 18 was recovered by in vivo passage in guinea pigs. the four isolates of the fungus were processed for purification of f1 fractions and the activation of ...19979608721
palpebral paracoccidioidomycosis.this paper describes two cases of eyelid paracoccidioidomycosis (south american blastomycosis) in which it was the first signal of the disease. in both cases the first clinical diagnosis made was not a fungal infection, but a neoplastic disease that was not confirmed by the pathology study. in the first patient we suspected a primary infection on the eyelid, because there was no other systemic signs of the disease, and in the second patient we noted a very advanced pulmonary lesions caused by th ...19979608722
use of morphology index histograms to quantify populations of the fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.to quantify the dimorphic process in wild and mutant strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, we defined a morphology index (mi) in terms of the maximum cell length (l), maximum cell diameter (d), and septal diameter (s), according to the equation mi = 2.13 + 1.13 log10 (ls/d2), whose intercept and slope were such that mi was around 1 for yeast (spherical) cells or 4 for hyphal (elongated) cells. this discriminatory power was used to quantify morphological population mixtures through mi histogr ...19979025294
differences in reactivity of paracoccidioidomycosis sera with gp43 isoforms.the glycoprotein gp43 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the main antigenic component in paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) because it is recognized by 100% of pcm patients. it has also been shown that different fungal strains produce gp43 with at least four isoform profiles. in this study, different isoform profiles from gp43, with pis ranging from 5.8 to 8.5, were affinity purified from various p. brasiliensis (b-339, s.s., 1925 and i9) exoantigens. because of the isoform heterogeneity, we questi ...19979061580
laminin-binding epitope on gp43 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis is recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against staphylococcus aureus laminin receptor.adhesion is regarded as an important step in the pathogenesis of several microorganisms. thus, the ability to recognize extracellular matrix proteins, such as laminin or fibronectin, has been correlated with invasiveness. studying the already characterized laminin-binding protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the 43 kda glycoprotein (gp43), we evaluated whether mab 1.h12, raised against the laminin-binding protein from staphylococcus aureus, cross-reacts with that fungal protein. by immunobl ...19979061584
immunosuppression in paracoccidioidomycosis: t cell hyporesponsiveness to two paracoccidioides brasiliensis glycoproteins that elicit strong humoral immune response.to assess human cellular immune response to paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), lymphocyte proliferative responses to purified antigens from paracoccidioides brasiliensis were determined in healthy persons previously infected by the fungus (positive donors), in healthy noninfected persons (controls), and in pcm patients. affinity-purified gp70 and gp43, the two major antigens in humoral immune responses, were used. both induced lymphocyte proliferation (gp43 species-specific) in positive donors but no ...19979129101
human chromosome aberrations induced in vitro by paracoccidioides brasiliensis glycoproteic component (gp 43).the in vitro cytogenetic effects of the 43-kda molecular mass exocellular glycoproteic component (gp 43) from paracoccidioides brasiliensis were studied in cultures from human lymphocytes. the sample included 10 healthy, white, non-smoking, non-related males (mean age of 31.3 +/- 8.2 years). besides the control, three concentrations of gp 43 (0.125, 1.25 and 5 micrograms/ml) were used. in each group, around 1000 cells were examined in search of chromosome aberrations, and 30000 metaphases were a ...19979150747
inhibition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by ajoene is associated with blockade of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.in paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus pathogenic for humans, no significant differences were observed in the phospholipid species of both morphological phases. the species observed were phosphatidylcholine (pc, 30-40%), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe, 27-28%), phosphatidylserine (16-19%), phosphatidylinositol (13-17%) and sphingomyelin (3-5%). the main fatty acids found in the yeast (y) phase were palmitate (56%), linoleate (18%) and oleate (15%), while linoleate predominated (61%) ...19979168609
a monoclonal antibody directed to terminal residue of beta-galactofuranose of a glycolipid antigen isolated from paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cross-reactivity with leishmania major and trypanosoma cruzi.a mouse monoclonal antibody, mest-1, was produced against band 1 glycolipid antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the glycan structure of band 1 antigen was recently elucidated and the monosaccharides sequence was defined as: galf beta 1-->6(manp alpha 1-->3)manp beta 1-->2ins. the reactivity of mest-1 mab was determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay and high performance thin layer chromatography immunostaining. selective oxidation of galactofuranose residues and inhibition assays with dif ...19979184826
cross-reactivity in histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycoses.we evaluated cross-reactivity in the antigen assay used for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis by testing urine samples from patients with disseminated fungal infections. the mycoses chosen for this study were selected on the basis of the observation that during clinical testing, cross-reactions may occur between histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and penicillium marneffei. we detected antigen in 12 of 19 patients w ...19979195077
molecular detection and identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.nearly 800 nucleotides from the 5' terminus of the 28s ribosomal gene of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were sequenced, and a 14-base dna probe specific for this species was identified. hybridization results showed that the probe identified p. brasiliensis ribosomal dna in a panel of ribosomal dnas representing a total of 48 species of fungi.19979196219
[production of fungal antigens from local strains for the immunodiagnosis of mycoses in mexico].fungal antigens with good reactivity and specificity are essential for the immunodiagnosis of systemic mycoses. we give here data on crude and purified antigens of histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioidis immitis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis from local strains and which are the more prevalent in mexico. the crude antigens had good reactivity in precipitating and skin testing whereas the purified antigens (dppc: deproteinized polysaccharide protein complex) had a higher specificity in more sensi ...19979528311
bone paracoccidioidomycosis in an hiv-positive patient.aids patients are vulnerable to infection by opportunistic microbes, including various fungi such as pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, candida albicans and many others. however, the association of aids and infection with paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been rarely recorded. we report a case of an hiv-positive patient with bone infection by this fungus with a clinical form not previously published. this clinical presentation included primarily a massive bone ...199711105147
experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia: measurement of local host responses.pulmonary fibrosis was induced following inoculation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia intranasally in balb/c mice. fibrosis was associated with formation of granulomas, increase in lung hydroxyproline, and sustained increases in tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta. this study suggests a role for these cytokines in generation of pulmonary fibrosis associated with chronic granulomatous infectious diseases.19989574786
isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from armadillos (dasypus noveminctus) captured in an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), was first isolated from armadillos from the amazonian region where the mycosis is uncommon. in the present study, we report on the high incidence of pcm infection in armadillos from a hyperendemic region of the disease. four nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) were captured in the endemic area of botucatu, sao paulo, brazil, killed by manual cervical dislocation and autopsied under sterile conditions. f ...19989574800
detection of circulating paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in urine of paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and during treatment.for the diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis patients undergoing therapy, we evaluated two methods (immunoblotting and competition enzyme immunoassay) for the detection of circulating antigen in urine samples. a complex pattern of reactivity was observed in the immunoblot test. bands of 70 and 43 kda were detected more often in urine samples from patients before treatment. the immunoblot method detected gp43 and gp70 separately or concurrently in 11 (91.7%) of 12 patients, whereas t ...19989620407
geographic discrimination of paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis.randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of 33 paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains from argentina, brazil, colombia, peru, and venezuela produced reproducible amplification products which were sufficiently polymorphic to allow differentiation of the strains. types generated with five primers (opg 03, opg 05, opg 14, opg 16, and opg 18) resulted in a high discriminatory index (0.956). the discriminatory index was slightly reduced (0.940) when only two primers (opg 3 and opg 14) were u ...19989620409
structure elucidation of sphingolipids from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis: an immunodominant beta-galactofuranose residue is carried by a novel glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide antigen.two major acidic glycolipid components (pb-1 and pb-2) have been extracted from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic to rural areas of south and central america. sera of all patients exhibiting paracoccidioidomycosis were found to be reactive with pb-1, but not with pb-2; no reactivity was observed with sera of healthy patients or those with histoplasmosis [toledo, m. s., suzuki, s., straus, a. h., and takahashi, h. k. (1995) j. med. vet. mycol. 33 ...19989628738
cytosolic neutral proteinases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.cytosolic proteinases were assayed in both morphological phases of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. preparations from the mycelial phase were more active in vitro than those from the yeast cells. optimal proteinase activities for both phases occurred at ph's between 6.0 and 9.0, and at 45 degrees c. gelatin-sds-page electrophoresis separated several bands (58-112 kda) in mycelial preparations; a single band (70 kda) was seen in yeast preparations. enzymatic activities were inhibited by antipain, p ...19989662616
localization of eosinophil granule major basic protein in paracoccidioidomycosis lesions.paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. although eosinophils have long been associated with the immune defense against helminths, the role of eosinophils in the immune response to fungal diseases is not as well studied. the eosinophil granule major basic protein is toxic to helminths and mammalian cells in vitro, and its release has been used as a marker of eosinophil localization and degranulation. to determine whether eosino ...19989684630
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