Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| interspecific interactions between acanthocephala in the intestine of brown trout: are they more frequent in ireland? | the aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that when the 2 species of acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis and acanthocephalus clavula are found concurrently within the intestine of brown trout under field conditions, they have the potential to interact negatively. evidence has shown that acanthocephala are more likely to exhibit negative interactions with their own and other species, under both field and experimental conditions. furthermore, the likelihood of these interactions is increa ... | 2003 | 14636026 |
| comparative genome analysis of the primary sex-determining locus in salmonid fishes. | we compared the y-chromosome linkage maps for four salmonid species (arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus; atlantic salmon, salmo salar; brown trout, salmo trutta; and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and a putative y-linked marker from lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). these species represent the three major genera within the subfamily salmoninae of the salmonidae. the data clearly demonstrate that different y-chromosomes have evolved in each of the species. arrangements of markers proximal to ... | 2003 | 12566405 |
| snps by aflp (sba): a rapid snp isolation strategy for non-model organisms. | despite the great potential of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in evolutionary studies, in particular for inferring population genetic parameters, snp analysis has almost exclusively been limited to humans and 'genomic model' organisms, due to the lack of available sequence data in non-model organisms. here, we describe a rapid and cost effective method to isolate candidate snps in non-model organisms. this snp isolation strategy consists basically in the direct sequencing of amplif ... | 2003 | 12595568 |
| regulation of na+/k+-atpase activity by nitric oxide in the kidney and gill of the brown trout (salmo trutta). | in teleost fish, successful osmoregulation involves controlled ion transport mechanisms in kidney and gill epithelia. in this study, the effect of nitric oxide (no) on na(+)/k(+)-atpase was investigated in vitro in these two tissues in brown trout (salmo trutta) acclimated to freshwater. the no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) inhibited in situ na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity, measured as ouabain-sensitive rb(+) uptake, in both samples of kidney and gill tissue and in isolated gill cells. the effect ... | 2003 | 12654889 |
| measurement of peroxisomal enzyme activities in the liver of brown trout (salmo trutta), using spectrophotometric methods. | this study was aimed primarily at testing in the liver of brown trout (salmo trutta) spectrophotometric methods previously used to measure the activities of catalase and hydrogen peroxide producing oxidases in mammals. to evaluate the influence of temperature on the activities of those peroxisomal enzymes was the second objective. a third goal of this work was the study of enzyme distribution in crude cell fractions of brown trout liver. | 2003 | 12697068 |
| ecotoxicology and spatial modeling in population dynamics: an illustration with brown trout. | we developed a multiregion matrix population model to explore how the demography of a hypothetical brown trout population living in a river network varies in response to different spatial scenarios of cadmium contamination. age structure, spatial distribution, and demographic and migration processes are taken into account in the model. chronic or acute cadmium concentrations affect the demographic parameters at the scale of the river range. the outputs of the model constitute population-level en ... | 2003 | 12729204 |
| fish status survey of nordic lakes: effects of acidification, eutrophication and stocking activity on present fish species composition. | the status of fish populations in 3821 lakes in norway, sweden and finland was assessed in 1995-1997. the survey lakes were chosen by stratified random sampling from all (126 482) fennoscandian lakes > or = 0.04 km2. the water chemistry of the lakes was analyzed and information on fish status was obtained by a postal inquiry. fish population losses were most frequent in the most highly acidified region of southern norway and least common in eastern fennoscandia. according to the inquiry results, ... | 2003 | 12733793 |
| are impacts of an exotic predator on a stream food web influenced by disturbance history? | predatory species have been introduced to habitats spanning a wide range of environmental conditions. to better understand the consequences of predation in natural communities we need to examine how variations in abiotic factors modify the influence of predation. the effects of introduced predators may vary amongst habitats if natural disturbance affects the abundance and taxonomic composition of consumers and their resources, or the predator alters recolonisation after disturbance. we tested wh ... | 2003 | 12774224 |
| top-down and bottom-up processes in grassland and forested streams. | the influence of predatory fish on the structure of stream food webs may be altered by the presence of forest canopy cover, and consequent differences in allochthonous inputs and primary production. eight sites containing introduced brown trout ( salmo trutta) and eight sites that did not were sampled in the cass region, south island, new zealand. for each predator category, half the sites were located in southern beech (nothofagus) forest patches (range of canopy cover, 65-90%) and the other ha ... | 2003 | 12802674 |
| long-term trends in ph, aluminium and dissolved organic carbon in scottish fresh waters; implications for brown trout (salmo trutta) survival. | over the past 30 years upland streams and lochs in scotland have shown significant signs of recovery from acidification, particularly in terms of declining concentrations of non-marine sulphate (nm-so(4)). long-term index sites in central and southwest scotland reveal a significant decline in the concentration of biologically important components, notably acidity (h(+)) and labile (toxic) forms of aluminium (al-l), whilst dissolved organic carbon (doc) and complexed forms of aluminium (al-nl) ha ... | 2003 | 12812737 |
| oogenesis and plasma levels of sex steroids in cultured females of brown trout (salmo trutta linnaeus, 1758) in chile. | naturalized brown trout populations in chile are a valuable genetic resource with aquaculture potential. the oogenesis of a three-year-old brown trout cultured population was studied in southern chile. gonadosomatic index (gsi), oocyte growth, gonadal microscopic characteristics, and plasma levels of estradiol-17beta (e2), testosterone (t), and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-hp) were measured bimonthly for a nine-month period before spawning. the maximum gsi level (22%) was similar to that ... | 2003 | 12840840 |
| effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and a substrate, l-arginine, on the cardiac function of juvenile salmonid fish. | control of cardiac function was investigated juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) using inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (nos), (l-name, ng-nitro-l-arginine and l-nmma, ng-monomethyl-l-arginine) and a substrate of nos (l-arginine). salmonid alevins are excellent models for such studies since they are transparent, the beating heart is easily observed, diffusing distances are small, and they respond within a few seconds to exogenously administer ... | 2003 | 12860052 |
| sub-lethal plasma ammonia accumulation and the exercise performance of salmonids. | the proposal that plasma ammonia accumulation might impair the swimming performance of fish was first made over a decade ago, and has now proven to be the case for a number of salmonid species. the first experimental evidence was indirect, when a negative linear relationship between plasma ammonia concentrations and maximum sustainable swimming speed (u(crit)) was found following the exposure of brown trout (salmo trutta) to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in soft acidic water. since then, n ... | 2003 | 12890542 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| ultrastructure of the body wall of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (nematoda, cystidicolidae) in relation to the histopathology of this nematode in salmonids. | light, scanning and transmission electron microscope examinations of adult cystidicoloides ephemeridarum nematodes, parasitic in the stomach of brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.), revealed that the body wall is composed of a cuticle, a hypodermis and longitudinally oriented somatic musculature. the body cuticle is composed of a trilaminated epicuticle, an outer and inner cortical zone, a median zone with globular bodies and a basal zone consisting of three subzones. massive cuticle in the three ... | 2003 | 12898230 |
| developmental and subcellular effects of chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of ammonia, pah and pcp mixtures in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) early life stages. | brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) early life stages were studied for physiological effects caused by chronic exposure to sub-acute levels of unionised ammonia, a mixture of pcp and pahs, and a combination of ammonia and the mixture of organics during the entire embryonic development. nominal concentrations of tested compounds were based on field data. accumulation data for pahs and pcp in trout tissue reflected respective water concentrations of pcp and pahs. physiological responses were st ... | 2003 | 12932700 |
| development of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the brown trout (salmo trutta fario), with some observations on sexual dimorphism. | the development of galanin-like immunoreactive (gal-ir) cells and fibers was investigated in the brain of brown trout embryos, alevins, juveniles, and adults (some spontaneously releasing their gametes). the earliest gal-ir neurons appeared in the preoptic region and the primordial hypothalamic lobe of 12-mm embryos. after hatching, new gal-ir neurons appeared in the lateral, anterior, and posterior tuberal nuclei, and in late alevins, gal-ir neurons appeared in the area postrema. in juveniles, ... | 2003 | 12949786 |
| influence of enteric helminths on the distribution of intestinal endocrine cells belonging to the diffuse endocrine system in brown trout, salmo trutta l. | the presence of intestinal helminths in the alimentary canal of brown trout, salmo trutta l., can alter the number of cells that synthesize modulatory peptides. a total of 167 brown trout were collected from tributaries of the river brenta (northern italy), of which 119 (71.3%) specimens were infected with enteric helminths, 28 with the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis müller, 1776 with intensity of infection ranging from 1 to 162 (18.57 +/- 30.79) worms per host and 67 fish with the cestod ... | 2003 | 12962225 |
| trout population responses to restoration of stream flows. | there are numerous demands for the limited water supplies in the rocky mountain (usa) region, and controversies surrounding instream flows abound. a specific problem involves water diversions (i.e., small dams that shunt water out of stream channels) during the summer irrigation season. we developed an approach to assess the effects of restoration of natural or less-than-natural summer flows on trout that accounts for variation in habitat over long segments of low-gradient, alluvial-valley strea ... | 2003 | 12447581 |
| kin-biased distribution in brown trout: an effect of redd location or kin recognition? | a wide range of animals have been reported to show kin-biased behaviours, such as reduced aggressiveness and increased food sharing among relatives. however, less is known about whether wild animals also associate with relatives under natural conditions, which is a prerequisite to facilitate kin-biased behaviours and hence kin selection. we tested, by means of microsatellite polymorphism, correlations between pair-wise relatedness and pair-wise metric distance in wild brown trout (salmo trutta l ... | 2004 | 14666124 |
| future migratory behaviour predicted from premigratory levels of gill na+/k+-atpase activity in individual wild brown trout (salmo trutta). | the relationship between premigratory gill na+/k+-atpase activity, determined at two dates during spring, and future migratory behaviour was investigated using non-lethal gill biopsies and pit-tagging in wild brown trout (salmo trutta) from two tributaries. no significant relationship between future migratory strategy (individuals eventually becoming migrants or residents) and gill na+/k+-atpase activity was found in late february-early march. by contrast, in mid-april, a highly significant logi ... | 2004 | 14691100 |
| tuning host specificity during the ontogeny of a fish ectoparasite: behavioural responses to host-induced cues. | the choice between two alternative hosts, brown trout (salmo trutta) and roach (rutilus rutilus), and the response to visual and olfactory cues were studied in the ontogeny of argulus coregoni. the initial preference of the smallest parasites for brighter roach changed at the age of 2 weeks, at the size of about 2 mm, for trout, a typical salmonid host. younger argulids were attracted by a non-specific visual stimulus (white disc over dark background), and they did not respond to olfactory stimu ... | 2004 | 14712391 |
| brown trout as a sentinel organism for organic pollution in the field using catalytic and immunochemical assays of cytochrome p-450 1a. | the measurement in some living organisms of adequate biomarkers (e.g. cytochrome p-450) to assess the organic pollution in freshwater ecosystems is well established. however, the sensitivity of this approach depends on the analytical measurement method employed and on the chosen living organism for the biomonitoring. three analytical methods were compared for measuring cytochrome p-450 1a levels in wild brown trout (salmo trutta): a catalytic one, based on measurement of the ethoxyresorufin-o-de ... | 2004 | 15054548 |
| potential toxic effect on aquatic fauna by the dwarf shrub empetrum hermaphroditum. | the common evergreen dwarf shrub empetrum hermaphroditum has influence on the functioning of boreal terrestrial ecosystems in northern sweden. the negative effects of e. hermaphroditum are partly attributed to the production of the dihydrostilbene, batatasin-iii, which is released from leaves and litter by rain and snowmelt. in this study, we investigated whether batatasin-iii is carried by runoff into streams and lakes during the snowmelt period and whether it is also potentially hazardous to a ... | 2004 | 15074667 |
| polybromodiphenyl ether flame retardants in fish from lakes in european high mountains and greenland. | individual polybromodiphenyl ethers (pbdes) were investigated in liver and muscle tissue of trout from 11 high mountain lakes in europe and one in greenland. trouts in these lakes [brown trout (salmo trutta), brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus)] are important sentinel species because they are located in the top of the food chain and pollution can only reach these ecosystems by atmospheric transport. the major pbde congeners were bde 47 and bde 99, followed by ... | 2004 | 15116838 |
| electrophysiological demonstration of independent olfactory receptor types and associated neuronal responses in the trout olfactory bulb. | the present study attempts to highlight the principles by which peripheral olfactory information of across- and within-class odorant signals is transformed into bulbar neuron responses. for this purpose, we performed electro-olfactogram cross-adaptation and mixture experiments as well as single unit recording of olfactory bulb neurons using amino acid, bile acid and f-prostaglandin stimulants in brown and rainbow trout. the results show that amino acids, a bile acid and a f-prostaglandin activat ... | 2004 | 15123213 |
| stocking impact and migration pattern in an anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta) complex: where have all the stocked spawning sea trout gone? | we examined polymorphism at seven microsatellite loci among sea trout (salmo trutta) (n = 846) collected from three areas in the limfjord (denmark). we then assessed their potential population source by comparing, using a mixed stock analysis (msa) bayesian framework, their genetic composition to that of brown trout collected from 32 tributaries pooled into nine geographical regions (n = 3801) and two hatcheries (n = 222) used for stocking. for each of the three regional sea trout groups (wester ... | 2004 | 15140088 |
| genetic detection of sex-specific dispersal in historical and contemporary populations of anadromous brown trout salmo trutta. | the study of sex-biased dispersal has attracted considerable attention in birds and mammals, but less in other taxa, including fishes. we analysed sex-specific dispersal in historical (1910s and 1950s) and contemporary (1990s) samples of anadromous brown trout salmo trutta. we tested the hypothesis that dispersal is unbiased using information from microsatellite dna and applying an assignment index for 11 temporally and spatially separated samples. our results are most consistent with brown trou ... | 2004 | 15140113 |
| effects of follicle stimulating hormone on estradiol-17 beta production and p-450 aromatase (cyp19) activity and mrna expression in brown trout vitellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro. | in order to determine whether follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) regulates p-450 aromatase (p-450 arom) in salmonid fish, we investigated the in vitro effects of fsh on estradiol (e(2)) production and p-450 arom activity and expression in brown trout (salmo trutta) vitellogenic ovarian follicles. brown trout ovarian follicles were incubated in the presence of coho salmon fsh and the production of e(2) into the medium was measured by ria, the activity of p-450 arom by the tritiated water release ... | 2004 | 15158124 |
| coping with divided attention: the advantage of familiarity. | the ability of an animal to perform a task successfully is limited by the amount of attention being simultaneously focused on other activities. one way in which individuals might reduce the cost of divided attention is by preferentially focusing on the most beneficial tasks. in territorial animals where aggression is lower among familiar individuals, the decision to associate preferentially with familiar conspecifics may therefore confer advantages by allowing attention to be switched from aggre ... | 2004 | 15209102 |
| evidence of complement-mediated killing of discocotyle sagittata (platyhelminthes, monogenea) oncomiracidia. | discocotyle sagittata oncomiracidia were rapidly killed when incubated in naïve plasma and immune sera from both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta), the killing proceeding at a faster rate with blood material from the latter fish species. the lethal activity of naïve plasma and immune sera was comparable. this was abolished after incubation at 45 degrees c for 30 min and by the addition of edta but not egta supplemented with mg(2+), indicating that complement acti ... | 2004 | 15212729 |
| an immunohistochemical study on the neuroendocrine system in the alimentary canal of the brown trout, salmo trutta, l., 1758. | several neurohormonal peptides of the gastrointestinal system of fish have been revealed by immunohistochemical methods. among salmonids, the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) is the most studied species, whereas the informations about other species of the taxonomic group are lacking. the regional distribution and relative densities of cells belonging to the neuroendocrine system have been in this paper demonstrated in the gut of the brown trout, salmo trutta linnaeus. in the gastric ... | 2004 | 15302266 |
| comparative susceptibility of brown trout and rainbow trout to discocotyle sagittata (monogenea). | the susceptibility of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the monogenean discocotyle sagittata in the united kingdom was assessed by experimental infection of naive fish. one month postinfection with 100 oncomiracidia/host, brown trout harbored significantly lower burdens (27.7 worms/host +/- 4.13 se) than rainbow trout (47.8 worms/host +/- 3.90; p = 0.002). this indicates that the consistently lower prevalence and intensity of d. sagittata recorded in naturally ... | 2004 | 15357099 |
| homing of gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini (monogenea) on different hosts and response post-attachment. | in natural european waters, the congeneric monogeneans gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975 and g. salaris malmberg, 1957 are primarily found on brown trout salmo trutta l. and atlantic salmon salmo salar l., respectively. interestingly, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), originating from north america, is as susceptible as brown trout to g. derjavini. however, the mechanisms involved in this host specificity are poorly understood but may include behavioural, mechanical and chemical ... | 2004 | 15357405 |
| the roles of food and water in the bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in high mountain lake fish. | an integrated study encompassing the distribution of organochlorine compounds (oc) in water, food web (chironomids, terrestrial insects, cladocerans, mollusks, and cyanobacteria), and fish (brown trout) from a high mountain lake (redon, pyrenees) is reported. oc distributions in these compartments have been determined to assess theirtransport routes into fish. food diets have been estimated by analysis of fish stomach content and food web stable isotopes (delta13c and delta15n). ocs with octanol ... | 2004 | 15382852 |
| utilization of brown trout salmo trutta by acanthocephalus clavula in an irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift? | the population biology of the fish acanthocephalan acanthocephalus clavula was described from 161 wild brown trout, salmo trutta sampled over a two-year period in clogher lake in the west of ireland. overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. this suggests that trout is an accidental host. a sample of yellow eels, anguilla anguilla w ... | 2004 | 15469621 |
| evidence for the hypothesis of strain formation in pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala): an investigation using mitochondrial dna sequences. | a hypothesis has been erected stating that in the british isles the acanthocephalan, pomphorhynchus laevis can be separated into 3 strains, an english, irish and marine strain. ecological and morphological evidence exists in support of this hypothesis. an investigation at the molecular level was conducted in order to test the validity of the existing evidence. a mitochondrial gene, subunit i of cytochrome c oxidase was partially sequenced from 3 irish populations of p. laevis, 1 scottish populat ... | 2004 | 15471009 |
| selection for growth in brown trout increases feed intake capacity without affecting maintenance and growth requirements. | the correlated responses in feed intake and g:f ratio with selection for increased growth rate were evaluated by comparing selected (s) and control (c) brown trout (salmo trutta) reared under conditions known to affect feed efficiency: feed restriction and periods of compensatory growth. nitrogen and energy requirements for maintenance and growth were also measured. trout were allotted at comparable bw (3.7+/-0.06 and 3.8+/-0.04 g, for c and s respectively) to triplicate groups per treatment. th ... | 2004 | 15484936 |
| enhanced individual selection for selecting fast growing fish: the "prosper" method, with application on brown trout (salmo trutta fario). | growth rate is the main breeding goal of fish breeders, but individual selection has often shown poor responses in fish species. the prosper method was developed to overcome possible factors that may contribute to this low success, using (1) a variable base population and high number of breeders (ne >100), (2) selection within groups with low non-genetic effects and (3) repeated growth challenges. using calculations, we show that individual selection within groups, with appropriate management of ... | 2004 | 15496285 |
| heavy metal contamination of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in wild ecosystems in spain. | in this study we analyzed the pattern of copper (cu), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and mercury (hg) accumulation in liver (as a detoxifying organ) and muscle (as the most important tissue for human consumption) of brown trout (salmo trutta) and european eel (anguilla anguilla) caught in two wild spanish rivers where both species are usually angled for human consumption. cd, pb, and cu accumulated preferentially in the liver of both species. hg accumulated both in the liver and muscle in brown trout, ... | 2004 | 15508654 |
| historical biogeography of mediterranean trout. | complete sequencing of the mitochondrial control region was used to describe phylogenetic relationships of brown trout populations (salmo trutta) in the mediterranean river basins of iberia and to review the historical biogeography of trout from the mediterranean regions. phylogenetic relationships among trout lineages suggested that the danubian one is the most ancestral, in accordance with the eastern origin of most of the european freshwater fish species. nested-clade and mismatch analyses su ... | 2004 | 15522807 |
| mitochondrial dna differentiation between two forms of trout salmo letnica, endemic to the balkan lake ohrid, reflects their reproductive isolation. | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in sympatric populations of ohrid trout, salmo letnica was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the mtdna control region and nd1, nd3/4, nd5/6 segments. a 310 bp fragment at the 5' end, and a 340-572 bp fragment at the 3' end of the control region were sequenced from representatives of the populations studied. based on pairwise comparison of the sequences, five new haplotypes were identified pl ... | 2004 | 15548279 |
| comparative studies on intestine ultrastructure of third-stage larvae and adults of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (nematoda, cystidicolidae). | the intestinal epithelium of third-stage larvae and adults of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum from haemocoel of mayflies and stomach of brown trout was studied by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. in section, the intestine of both stages is composed of a single layer of about ten undifferentiated intestinal cells in a ring. a labyrinth of deep invaginations is present in the basal region of each cell. the apical surface is modified into well developed, regularly arranged microvilli. these, to ... | 2004 | 15549387 |
| effect of salinity on expression of branchial ion transporters in striped bass (morone saxatilis). | the time course of osmoregulatory adjustments and expressional changes of three key ion transporters in the gill were investigated in the striped bass during salinity acclimations. in three experiments, fish were transferred from fresh water (fw) to seawater (sw), from sw to fw, and from 15-ppt brackish water (bw) to either fw or sw, respectively. each transfer induced minor deflections in serum [na+] and muscle water content, both being corrected rapidly (24 hr). transfer from fw to sw increase ... | 2004 | 15562450 |
| lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus in pollock pollachius virens cohabitating with infected farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. | the infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus causes lethargy, anemia, hemorrhage of the internal organs, and death in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. it has been a cause of disease in norwegian farmed atlantic salmon since 1984 and has since been identified in canada, scotland, the united states, and the faroe islands. wild fish have been proposed as a viral reservoir because they are capable of close contact with farmed salmon. laboratory studies have shown that brown trout and sea trout salmo ... | 2004 | 15584421 |
| reelin expression in the retina and optic tectum of developing common brown trout. | reelin (reln) is an extracellular matrix protein largely related with laminar organization in several brain areas. the development of reln immunoreactivity in the retina and the optic tectum of the brown trout are analyzed with a monoclonal (142) antibody against reln whose suitability has been ascertained by western blot. in the retina of embryos and alevins, reln immunoreactivity is detected in cells of the ganglion cell layer (gcl) and inner nuclear layer (inl), and in the inner plexiform lay ... | 2004 | 15707672 |
| the parasite fauna of brown trout salmo trutta, white fish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymallus thymallus from water bodies of north karelia (russia). | the data on parasite fauna of brown trout salmo trutta, whitefish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymallus thymallus from lake-river system paanajarvi-olanga (white sea basin) are presented. as lake-river systems on this area remain in natural conditions, without any anthropogenic pressure, the parasite fauna of salmonidae in these water bodies had not been changed and has an archetypal status. | 2004 | 16865973 |
| [hybridization between atlantic salmon salmo salar l. and brown trout s. trutta l. upon artificial propagation]. | samples of salmo salar and s. trutta were examined in 12 russian fish hatcheries. with protein markers, hybrids of the two species were found in three hatcheries of the baltic sea basin. some fishes had a phenotype intermediate between the s. salar and s. trutta phenotypes by morphological traits, but did not differ genetically from one of the parental species. possible consequences of hybridization and ways to prevent it are discussed. | 2004 | 15612571 |
| toward adaptive management: the impacts of different management strategies on fish stocks and fisheries in a large regulated lake. | we applied the adaptive management approach to analyze the demand and feasibility of adaptive management of fish stocks in a large regulated lake, oulujärvi, in northern finland. the process consisted of four phases: (1) analysis of the current state of the fisheries system (fishers, related markets and industry, fisheries researches and authorities, related organizations, etc.); (2) analysis of the objectives of different stakeholders; (3) the composition of alternative management strategies an ... | 2004 | 15517682 |
| genetic structure of northwestern spanish brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations, differences between microsatellite and allozyme loci. | genetic variation in nine wild brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations was studied by means of allozyme and microsatellite markers. all brown trout populations were clearly separated into two clusters that represented the sil and duero basins. although both markers revealed a strong genetic differentiation between basins, microsatellite loci resulted much more accurate when population structure at the intrabasin level was analysed. also pairwise multilocus fst estimates and assignment tests of ... | 2004 | 15703042 |
| the life cycle of henneguya nuesslini schuberg & schroder, 1905 (myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore. | the life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. naive brown trout, salmo trutta, and brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected tubifex tubifex. in exposed common carp, cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. the parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. t ... | 2005 | 15705152 |
| the significance of water ionic strength on aluminium toxicity in brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | the toxicity of aluminium to fish is related to interactions between aluminium and the gill surface. we investigated the possible effect of water ionic strength on this interaction. the mortality of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) exposed to three different degrees of al polymerisation was compared in water with increased ionic strength (mean 7.31 x 10(-4) m) after additions of the base cations ca2+, mg2+, na+ or k+, and in water with no such addition (mean ionic strength 5.58 x 10(-4) m). only a ... | 2005 | 15519464 |
| age dependence of the accumulation of organochlorine pollutants in brown trout (salmo trutta) from a remote high mountain lake (redó, pyrenees). | polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and ddt were examined in the muscle of brown trout (salmo trutta) from a high mountain lake located in the pyrenees (catalonia, spain) that was used as a model of these lacustrine environments. results indicate that fish age is the main factor of variability among specimens in this population that is subjected to atmospheric inputs of the organochlorine compounds (oc). increases of 2- and 20-fold between fish aged ... | 2005 | 15519465 |
| patterns of cell proliferation and cell death in the developing retina and optic tectum of the brown trout. | we have analyzed the patterns of cell proliferation and cell death in the retina and optic tectum of the brown trout (salmo trutta fario) throughout embryonic and postembryonic stages. cell proliferation was detected by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and apoptosis by means of the tunel method. haematoxylin and dapi staining were also used to demonstrate apoptotic cells. photoreceptor cell differentiation was assessed by immunohistoche ... | 2005 | 15617760 |
| a comparison of the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin to trout. | synthetic pyrethroids often have synergists added to improve effectiveness, yet decisions regarding the use of these pesticides are often based upon toxicity tests using technical material without the synergist, piperonyl butoxide. we conducted toxicity tests with brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (salmo trutta) to compare the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin. we found a significant increase in toxicity in the synergized ... | 2005 | 15696349 |
| survival of brown trout during spring flood in doc-rich streams in northern sweden: the effect of present acid deposition and modelled pre-industrial water quality. | mortality and physiological responses in brown trout (salmo trutta) were studied during spring snow melt in six streams in northern sweden that differed in concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (doc) and ph declines. data from these streams were used to create an empirical model for predicting fish responses (mortality and physiological disturbances) in doc-rich streams using readily accessible water chemistry parameters. the results suggest that fish in these systems can tolerate higher ac ... | 2005 | 15701399 |
| characterization of environmental estrogens in river water using a three pronged approach: active and passive water sampling and the analysis of accumulated estrogens in the bile of caged fish. | estrogenicity of river water is highly variable and it is difficult to obtain an average measure of the estrogenicity. consequently it is difficult to tie the estrogenic effects observed in fish to their level of exposure to estrogens. to get a better handle on average estrogenic exposure we tested a recently developed passive sampling system (polar organic chemical integrative sampler, pocis). in addition, we investigated the bioaccumulation of estrogens in caged brown trout and measured plasma ... | 2005 | 16294854 |
| identification and organ expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario). | although widely studied in mammals, little information about fish peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (ppars) is yet available. as a baseline for future studies, the three ppar isotypes were identified in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and their organ distribution pattern was established. the cdna fragments encoding ppars alpha, beta and gamma were amplified by pcr, and the deduced sequences of the correspondent peptides were compared with other species sequences. both the 183 amino ... | 2005 | 16229908 |
| cell proliferation in the developing and adult hindbrain and midbrain of trout and medaka (teleosts): a segmental approach. | we report here the histogenesis of the brainstem of the trout (salmo trutta fario) and the medaka (oryzias latipes) chosen as examples of teleosts with slow and fast growth, respectively. our results reveal that the sequence of formation of brain structures is rather similar in the teleosts species examined so far, but some interspecific differences do exist in terms of brainstem maturation at particular developmental stages, such as the end of the gastrulation and hatching periods. this sequenc ... | 2005 | 16236367 |
| green fluorescent protein labeling of primordial germ cells using a nontransgenic method and its application for germ cell transplantation in salmonidae. | transplanting primordial germ cells (pgcs) has a number of potential applications in fish bioengineering. previously, we established a system to visualize live pgcs in the rainbow trout by introducing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene driven by rainbow trout vasa gene regulatory regions. however, for pgc transplantation to be practically useful in aquaculture, visualization of pgcs using a nontransgenic technique is required. in this study, we demonstrate a method for labeling pgcs from v ... | 2005 | 15744027 |
| diffusive gradients in thin films sampler predicts stress in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) exposed to aluminum in acid fresh waters. | increased levels of aluminum ions released from nutrient-poor soils affected by acid rain have been the primary cause of fish deaths in the acidified watersheds of southern norway. the complex aluminum chemistry in water requires speciation methods to measure the gill-reactive species imposing toxic effects toward fish. previously, aluminum speciation has mainly followed the fractionation principles outlined by barnes/driscoll, and several analogues of these fractionation principles have been us ... | 2005 | 15773491 |
| autoradiographic and immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor-i receptor binding sites in brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), a peptide closely related to insulin, is known to play crucial roles in brain development. while the central sites of action of igf-i in higher vertebrates are now well established, surprisingly little is known in the teleost model where the brain undergoes continual, indeterminate, growth. in this study, we have mapped the distribution of putative igf-i receptor (igf-ir) binding sites in the brain of the brown trout using both ligand binding in vitro autora ... | 2005 | 15804507 |
| [parasite fauna in salmonidean fishes from the paanaiarvi-olanga lake-river system]. | the data on parasite fauna in the brown trout salmo trutta, white fish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymall thymallus from the paanajarvi-olanga lake-river system (white sea basin) are presented. as like-river systems in this area remain in natural conditions, without any anthropogenic pressure, the parasite fauna in salmonoideans from these water bodies had not been changed and has an archetypical state. the parasite fauna core is established in fishes aged 3+. parasite species forming the ... | 2005 | 15810556 |
| compensatory response 'defends' energy levels but not growth trajectories in brown trout, salmo trutta l. | compensatory growth is an organism's reaction to buffer deviations from targeted trajectories. we explored the compensatory patterns of juvenile brown trout under field and laboratory conditions. divergence of size and condition trajectories was induced by manipulating food levels in the laboratory and then releasing the trout into a river. in the stream, the length trajectories of food-restricted and control fish were parallel, but food-restricted fish exhibited partial compensation for mass an ... | 2005 | 15817434 |
| characterisation of salmon and trout cd8alpha and cd8beta. | the genes and corresponding cdnas of both alpha and beta chains of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cd8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized. in addition, the cdnas for alpha and beta chains of brown trout (salmo trutta) and for the beta chain in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) have been sequenced. the cdnas code for signal sequences which are preceded by short 5' utrs. these are followed by typical immunoglobulin superfamily variable sequences all of which contain two conserved c ... | 2005 | 15829311 |
| carbohydrate localization on gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini and corresponding carbohydrate binding capacity of their hosts salmo salar and s. trutta. | the congeners gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini are specific ectoparasites of atlantic salmon salmo salar and brown trout s. trutta, respectively. to elucidate the involvement of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in this host specificity, carbohydrates on the tegument of the two species and the corresponding lectin activity of their hosts have been studied. carbohydrate composition on the tegument differed significantly between the two gyrodactylids. three of four commercially available perox ... | 2005 | 15831112 |
| cytochrome p4501a induction in brown trout exposed to small streams of an urbanised area: results of a five-year-study. | this case study examines the ability of the cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) biomarker to distinguish the pollution status of two small streams, krähenbach and körsch, receiving different levels of urban and agricultural impact, with low to moderate contamination by arylhydrocarbon receptor (ahr)-binding pahs and pcbs. brown trout, salmo trutta, exposed in enclosure restrictions, showed significant between-stream differences of hepatic cyp1a levels. erod activities were the better discriminator than cy ... | 2005 | 15840531 |
| genetic population structure of fishes: implications for coastal zone management. | the pattern for distribution of genetic variation within and between populations is referred to as the genetic population structure of the species. to avoid depletion of genetic resources sustainable management should be based on knowledge of this structure. we discuss key aspects of genetic population structure in the context of identifying biological units for fisheries management, suggesting three basic types of structuring: distinct populations; continuous change; and no differentiation. the ... | 2005 | 15865307 |
| effects of redox cycling compounds on dt diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | background: dt diaphorase (dtd; nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. in rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces dtd. bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavone (beta-nf) and benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p), induce dtd together with cyp1a and phase ii enzymes by a mechan ... | 2005 | 15871734 |
| perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in a great lakes food chain. | trophic transfer of perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) and other related perfluorinated compounds was examined in a great lakes benthic foodweb including water-algae-zebra mussel-round goby-smallmouth bass. in addition, perfluorinated compounds were measured in livers and eggs of chinook salmon and lake whitefish, in muscle tissue of carp, and in eggs of brown trout collected from michigan. similarly, green frog livers, snapping turtle plasma, mink livers, and bald eagle tissues were analyzed to de ... | 2005 | 15883668 |
| divergent stress coping styles in juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta). | two distinct stress coping styles, proactive and reactive, have been stated in various animal studies. this divergence in coping has also been indicated in salmonid fish. here, we test the hypothesis that divergent stress coping styles are identifiable in a sea-ranched brown trout population. to that end, we used a series of tests on individual juvenile brown trout, with each test including a common key aspect of the two different coping styles. using a clustering method (sas: proc fastclus), tw ... | 2005 | 15891033 |
| activity of purine catabolism enzymes during the reproductive cycle of male and female brown trout (salmo trutta). | in order to detect predicted changes in purine catabolism during the annual reproductive cycle of brown trout, we measured the activity of xanthine dehydrogenase, urate oxidase, and allantoinase. in kidney, only xanthine dehydrogenase was detected. in female liver and kidney, the activity of these enzymes was higher in may and decreased during vitellogenesis, with urate oxidase being undetectable in this period. in male liver, a similar variation pattern was found; however, in kidney, high activ ... | 2005 | 15891084 |
| histochemistry of glycoconjugates in mucous cells of salmo trutta uninfected and naturally parasitized with intestinal helminths. | mucus secreted onto the surface of the intestine forms a physical barrier to invading parasites so that a possible attachment of helminths to the surface is prevented and their expulsion by peristalsis facilitated. in mammals, intestinal parasites induce hyperplasia and hypertrophy of intestine goblet cells and provoke changes in the mucus composition. in fish, this topic has received less attention. in the present investigation, histochemical methods were employed to compose intestinal mucous c ... | 2005 | 15900687 |
| biological responses to the chemical recovery of acidified fresh waters in the uk. | we report biological changes at several uk acid waters monitoring network lakes and streams that are spatially consistent with the recovery of water chemistry induced by reductions in acid deposition. these include trends toward more acid-sensitive epilithic diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages, an increasing proportional abundance of macroinvertebrate predators, an increasing occurrence of acid-sensitive aquatic macrophyte species, and the recent appearance of juvenile (<1 year old) brown t ... | 2005 | 15944042 |
| the effects of acclimation to reversed seasonal temperatures on the swimming performance of adult brown trout salmo trutta. | adult brown trout (salmo trutta) were acclimatised to and maintained at seasonal temperatures (5 degrees c in winter; 15 degrees c in summer) and acclimated to reversed seasonal temperatures (15 degrees c in winter; 5 degrees c in summer) while exposed to the natural (i.e. seasonally variable) photoperiod. the mean critical swimming speeds (u(crit)) of animals acclimatised to the seasonal temperatures were similar, but more than 30% greater than those for fish acclimated to the reversed seasonal ... | 2005 | 16000538 |
| cardiovascular responses of three salmonid species affected with amoebic gill disease (agd). | the cardiovascular effects of amoebic gill disease (agd) were investigated immediately following surgery in three salmonid species; atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). fish, both naïve (control) and infected (agd-affected) of each species, were fitted with dorsal aorta catheters and cardiac flow probes. cardiac output and dorsal aortic pressures were then continuously measured over a 6-h period following surgery. result ... | 2005 | 16088392 |
| distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the food web of a high mountain lake, pyrenees, catalonia, spain. | we investigated the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the food web organisms included in the diet of brown trout from a remote mountain lake. the preferential habitat and trophic level of the component species have been assessed from the signature of stable isotopes (delta13c and delta15n). subsequently, the patterns of accumulation and transformation of these hydrocarbons in the food chain have been elucidated. most of the food web organisms exhibit pah distributions largel ... | 2005 | 16117109 |
| water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario). | the detection of residues of various pharmaceuticals in surface waters during the last two decades has prompted concerns about possible adverse effects of this kind of pollution on aquatic organisms. the objective of the present study was to investigate effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, one of the pharmaceuticals most prevalent in surface waters, on brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario), a salmonid species native to german rivers. brown trout were exposed to 0.5, 5 an ... | 2005 | 16139376 |
| effect of bisphenol a on maturation and quality of semen and eggs in the brown trout, salmo trutta f. fario. | in the present study male and female brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of bisphenol a (1.75, 2.40, 5.00 microg l(-1)) during the late prespawning and spawning period and the effect of this contaminant on maturation, quantity and quality of semen and eggs was investigated. in males exposed to estimated bpa concentrations of 1.75 and 2.40 microg l(-1) semen quality was lower than in the control in the beginning of spawning (reduced sperm de ... | 2005 | 16159676 |
| characterization of the estrogenicity of swiss midland rivers using a recombinant yeast bioassay and plasma vitellogenin concentrations in feral male brown trout. | in our study, we aim to characterize the estrogenicity of 18 independent rivers that receive effluent from sewage treatment works. during the winter and summer of 2003, we collected multiple water samples and measured environmental estrogens with an in vitro yeast-based reporter gene assay; estrogenicity was expressed as ng 17beta-estradiol equivalents (eeq) per l of water. estradiol equivalents values in winter ranged from 0.3 to 2.0 ng/l and, in summer, from 0.4 to 7.0 ng/l. winter and summer ... | 2005 | 16193750 |
| activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in liver and muscles of some fish. | in this study we examined superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) concentration in liver and muscles of four fish species: the carp, the brown trout, the white cod and the flounder. higher sod activity and higher tbars concentration was revealed in the tissues of marine fish in comparison to freshwater fish. the highest sod activity was observed in the cod while the highest tbars concentration was in the flounder. the observed differences are proba ... | 2005 | 16196213 |
| silver contamination on abiotic and biotic compartments of nahuel huapi national park lakes, patagonia, argentina. | the ag contents of abiotic and biotic compartments of different lakes of nahuel huapi national park, patagonia, argentina were analyzed. the water bodies studied were lakes nahuel huapi, moreno, escondido, espejo chico and traful, the latter chosen as a reference lake. the ag concentration profiles of short sediment cores, dated by (210)pb and (137)cs techniques, were analyzed, as well as suspended load collected from three sites of lake nahuel huapi. the biota studied were the native mussel dip ... | 2005 | 15589254 |
| modulation of the steroidogenic activity of luteinizing hormone by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i through interaction with the camp-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway in the trout ovary. | in the salmonid ovary, luteinizing hormone (lh) is the major gonadotropic hormone stimulating the production of steroids during the periovulatory period and its effects are mediated by the camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) signaling pathway. we have previously shown that the in vitro steroidogenic activity of lh in the salmonid ovary is inhibited by insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) which, like insulin, has specific receptors in both theca and granulosa layers. in the present study, we have ... | 2005 | 15607528 |
| the viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of salmonid mucus varies with species, salinity and the presence of amoebic gill disease. | fish mucus has previously been reported to change in appearance and composition among species and in response to changes in salinity and disease status. this study reports on the mucus viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) in freshwater and seawater, both naive to and affected by amoebic gill disease (agd). cutaneous mucus viscosity was measured over a range of shear rates (11.5, ... | 2005 | 15517284 |
| use of histopathological indicators on chub (leuciscus cephalus) and brown trout (salmo trutta fario) in evaluating river environments. | a multidisciplinary study was conducted on water from two rivers in the abruzzo region of italy. the study highlighted the importance of histopathological investigations in the evaluation of the environmental impact on fish. brown trout (salmo trutta fario) from the aterno river and chub (leuciscus cephalus) from the vomano river were sampled in winter and then again in spring. histopathological investigations of gills, kidneys and livers revealed inflammatory and degenerative lesions, early war ... | 2005 | 20437378 |
| molecular studies on the seasonal occurrence and development of five myxozoans in farmed salmo trutta l. | five myxozoan species, tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, sphaerospora truttae, chloromyxum schurovi, chloromyxum truttae and a myxobolus species were detected in farmed brown trout, salmo trutta l. from central scotland. using pcr and in situ hybridization, this study investigated the seasonal occurrence and tissue location of these species in young of the year brown trout. c. schurovi, c. truttae and myxobolus sp. were first detected in brown trout in april, 2 months before t. bryosalmonae and s. ... | 2006 | 16216135 |
| mercury, polybrominated diphenyl ether, organochlorine pesticide, and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish from lakes along an elevation transect in the french pyrénées. | concentrations of mercury and persistent organic pollutants in fish were examined in 11 lakes of the french pyrénées spanning an elevation range of 2 km. all lakes were confined to a relatively small area within a 50-km diameter. most of the lakes were within the pyrénées national park, which is restricted to recreational hiking, angling, and seasonal grazing of livestock, and are not subject to any known point sources of contaminants. fish collected were mainly of 1 species (salmo trutta fario) ... | 2006 | 16253327 |
| release of alien populations in sweden. | introduction of alien species is a major threat to biological diversity. although public attention typically focuses on the species level, guidelines from the convention of biological diversity define alien species to include entities below species level. this inclusion recognizes that release of nonlocal populations of native species may also result in negative effects on biodiversity. in practice, little is known about the extent, degree of establishment, or the effects on natural gene pools o ... | 2006 | 16989510 |
| biomarkers in fish from dioxin-contaminated fjords. | the grenland fjords, southern norway, have been heavily contaminated by dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) over decades through inputs from a magnesium smelter. despite radically decreased inputs since 1990, there are still high levels of dioxins in both biotic and abiotic components of the fjords. the aim of the study was to establish whether biomarkers' responses in three fish species, atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), sea-trout (anadromous brown trout, salmo trutta l.) and flounder ( ... | 2006 | 16766388 |
| dispersal and rapid evolution in brown trout colonizing virgin subantarctic ecosystems. | two brown trout salmo trutta stocks of different origin (wild polish, domestic commercial) came into secondary contact after deliberate releases conducted in virgin rivers systems of the subantarctic kerguelen islands (70 degrees e 49 degrees s). samples obtained in 2001-2003 and a historical sample from 1993 were analysed for genetic variation at seven microsatellite loci and one allozyme locus (ldh-c1*). bayesian clustering analysis demonstrated that rapid genetic differentiation formed separa ... | 2006 | 16780537 |
| induction and activity of oxidative stress-related proteins during waterborne cu-exposure in brown trout (salmo trutta). | induction of gene transcription for proteins and enzymes involved in metal-mediated oxidative stress were studied in brown trout transferred to a cu-contaminated river in the røros region in central norway. in addition to metallothionein (mt-a), cu/zn-superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione reductase (gr) gene transcription, protein levels of mt and enzyme activities of sod and cat were analyzed in gill, liver and kidney. mt-a, sod and gr transcri ... | 2006 | 16780922 |
| phylogeographic study of brown trout from serbia, based on mitochondrial dna control region analysis. | in order to illuminate the phylogeography of brown trout (salmo trutta) populations in the balkan state of serbia, the 561 bp 5'-end of mtdna control region of 101 individuals originating from upland tributaries of the danubian, aegean and adriatic drainages were sequenced and compared to corresponding brown trout sequences obtained in previous studies. among 15 haplotypes found, 14 were considered native, representing the danubian and adriatic lineages of the brown trout, while one haplotype (a ... | 2006 | 16790230 |
| a hybrid empirical-mechanistic modeling approach for extrapolating biota-sediment accumulation factors and bioaccumulation factors across species, time, and/or ecosystems. | an approach is presented for extrapolating field-measured biota-sediment accumulation factors (bsafs) and bioaccumulation factors (bafs) across species, time, and/or ecosystems. this approach, called the hybrid bioaccumulation modeling approach, uses mechanistic bioaccumulation models to extrapolate field-measured bioaccumulation data (i.e., bsafs and bafs) to new sets of ecological conditions. the hybrid approach predicts relative differences in bioaccumulation using food web models with two se ... | 2006 | 16833159 |
| periodic habitat loss alters the competitive coexistence between brown trout and bullheads in a small stream over 34 years. | 1. changes in the population density of juvenile sea trout salmo trutta l. and bullheads cottus gobio l. were compared in a small stream over 34 years. both species have a similar diet and obviously live in the same general habitat. habitat loss was most marked in seven summer droughts: severest in 1976, 1983, 1984, 1995, and less severe but followed by autumn droughts in 1969, 1989 and 1993. the contrasting effects of habitat loss on the two species were examined. 2. for both species, the ricke ... | 2006 | 16903043 |
| effects of introduced salmonids on a montane population of iberian frogs. | amphibians are declining worldwide because of multiple factors, including human-mediated introduction of fishes into naturally fishless areas. although several studies have focused on the effect of exotic fishes on native amphibians breeding in ponds or lakes, little is known about their effects on stream-breeding species. we studied the effects of introductions of native brown trout (salmo trutta) and exotic brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) on the stream-breeding, endemic iberian frog (rana ... | 2006 | 16909671 |
| assessment of estrogenic exposure in brown trout (salmo trutta) in a swiss midland river: integrated analysis of passive samplers, wild and caged fish, and vitellogenin mrna and protein. | this field study examined the vitellogenin (vtg) biomarker response under conditions of low and fluctuating activities of environmental estrogenicity. the present study was performed on immature brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to the small river luetzelmurg, which is located in the prealpine swiss midland region and receives effluents from a single sewage treatment plant (stp). to understand better factors influencing the relationship between estrogenic exposure and vtg induction, we compared ... | 2006 | 16916027 |
| trace elements as fingerprint of lake of provenance and of species of some native and exotic fish of northern patagonian lakes. | a survey of trace element contents in fish muscle and liver was performed in different lakes of two northern patagonian national parks: nahuel huapi and los alerces national parks. the aim of the work was to obtain the first set of reference data on elements that are not liable to be disturbed by human activities and to identify compositional patterns related to the species and site of collection. the species studied are native creole perch and velvet catfish and exotic brown trout, rainbow trou ... | 2006 | 16943599 |
| rb-cs ratio as an indicator of fish diet in lakes of the patagonia, argentina. | the ratios of rb to cs contents were studied in five fish species from seven lakes located in the patagonia andean range, argentina in order to trace fish diet. the species studied were native velvet catfish (diplomistes viedmensis) and creole perch (percichthys trucha), and exotic brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (salvenilus fontinalis). rainbow trout specimens from two farms were also studied, as well as fish food items and native mussels (diplod ... | 2006 | 16943600 |
| transmission of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea), the causative organism of salmonid proliferative kidney disease, to the freshwater bryozoan fredericella sultana. | proliferative kidney disease (pkd), caused by the malacosporean parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, causes significant losses among salmonids in western europe and north america. the role of salmonid fish in the life-cycle of this parasite has been conjectured upon for over a quarter of a century. to examine whether fish can transmit the infection to bryozoans, the known invertebrate host, water containing parasitized brown trout salmo trutta was pumped into tanks containing colonies of fred ... | 2006 | 16948873 |
| development of a rapid, sensitive and non-lethal diagnostic assay for the detection of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | a non-lethal diagnostic procedure based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology was developed to detect viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). sensitivity of the assay was tested using purified viral rna and seeded tissues. detection limits of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay were estimated to be 10 fg of purified rna and 0.97 x 10(3) or 10(0) tcid(50)/g of seeded tissue, depending on the experimental approach employed (viral adsorption allowed for 1 ... | 2006 | 16332395 |