Publications

lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by the fungus rhizopus oryzae.	thirty-eight strains of the fungus rhizopus oryzae were grown on potato pulp, an agricultural by-product of the starch industry. either lactic acid or fumaric acid and ethanol were formed, and the ratio differed among the strains tested. the highest amount of l(+)-lactic acid (10 mg/g fresh matter) was observed in the pulp fermented for six days by rhizopus oryzae ifo 4707. the ifo 4707 strain rapidly reduced the hardness and ph of potato pulp within one day followed by the gradual synthesis of ...	2002	12029519
comparison of the effects of temperature and water activity on growth rate of food spoilage moulds.	the influence of temperature (t) and water activity (aw) on the growth rate (mu) of seven moulds (alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, mucor racemosus, penicillium chrysogenum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in suboptimal conditions. firstly, the dependence of fungal growth on temperature, at aw 0.99, was modelled through an approach described previously for bacteria. a dimensionless growth rate variable: mu(dimalpha)=mu/mu (optalpha) d ...	2002	12032803
enhanced separation of filamentous fungi by ultrasonic field: possible usage in repeated batch processes.	usage of ultrasonic field-based filters in retention of filamentous fungal cells was assessed using rhizopus arrhizus nrrl 1526 as a model organism. effects of operating conditions, such as power input, harvest pump flow rate, run time and stop time, on the system's separation efficiency (se) were evaluated by modulating the variables according to a central composite design (ccd). the standard pump with which the ultrasonic filter was equipped was shown to be unsuitable and was, therefore, subst ...	2002	12067525
fungal chitosan production and its characterization.	the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the chitosans produced by several species of fungi.	2002	12081543
copper complexes with bioactive ligands. part ii--antifungal activity.	antifungal activity of new copper(ii) complexes of 2-methylthionicotinate (2-mesnic) of the composition cu(2-mesnic)2(menia)(2).4h2o (where menia is n-methylnicotinamide), and cu(2-mesnic)2(nia)(2).2h2o (where nia is nicotinamide) and cu(2-mesnic)2l2 (where l is isonicotinamide, inia, or ethyl nicotinate, etnic) were tested on various strains of filamentous fungi by the macrodilution method. most sensitive against copper(ii) adducts with bioactive ligands were rhizopus oryzae and microsporum gyp ...	2002	12094729
direct surface analysis of fungal species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.	in this study various methods of sample preparation and matrices were investigated to determine optimum collection and analysis criteria for fungal analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms). intact spores and/or hyphae of aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae, trichoderma reesei and phanerochaete chrysosporium were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms). the fungal samples were applied to the ...	2002	12112615
fungal infections in marrow transplant recipients under antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole.	fungal infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. the growing incidence of these infections is related to several factors including prolonged granulocytopenia, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, conditioning regimens, and use of immunosuppression to avoid graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). in the present series, we report five cases of invasive mold infections documented among 64 bmt recipients undergoing fluconazole antifu ...	2002	12131918
construction of yeast strains with high cell surface lipase activity by using novel display systems based on the flo1p flocculation functional domain.	we constructed a novel cell-surface display system, using as a new type of cell-wall anchor 3,297 or 4,341 bp of the 3' region of the flo1 gene (fs or fl gene, respectively), which encodes the flocculation functional domain of flo1p. in this system, the n terminus of the target protein was fused to the fs or fl protein and the fusion proteins were expressed under the control of the inducible promoter upr-icl (5' upstream region of the isocitrate lyase of candida tropicalis). using this new syste ...	2002	12200308
production of l(+)-lactic acid from glucose and starch by immobilized cells of rhizopus oryzae in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor.	a rotating fibrous-bed bioreactor (rfb) was developed for fermentation to produce l(+)-lactic acid from glucose and cornstarch by rhizopus oryzae. fungal mycelia were immobilized on cotton cloth in the rfb for a prolonged period to study the fermentation kinetics and process stability. the ph and dissolved oxygen concentration (do) were found to have significant effects on lactic acid productivity and yield, with ph 6 and 90% do being the optimal conditions. a high lactic acid yield of 90% (w/w) ...	2002	12209781
removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using rhizopus delemar mycelia in free and polyurethane-bound form.	this study assesses the ability of mycelia of rhizopus delemar (both free and immobilized on polyurethane foam) to remove heavy metals from single-ion solutions as well as from a mixture of them. all experiments were conducted using 0.5-5 mm solutions of cuso4 x 5h2o, cocl2-6h2o and feso4 7h2o. mycelia immobilized on polyurethane foam cells showed some times increase in uptake compared with that of free cells. metal ions accumulation from a mixed solution was decreased slightly for cobalt and ir ...	2002	12240988
homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in the transformation of rhizopus oryzae.	genetic transformation of the mucorales fungi has been problematic, since dna transformed into the host rarely integrates and usually is mitotically unstable in the absence of selective pressure. in this study, transformation of rhizopus oryzae was investigated to determine if the fate of introduced dna could be predicted based on double-strand break repair and recombination mechanisms found in other fungi. a transformation system was developed with uracil auxotrophs of rhizopus oryzae that coul ...	2002	12436261
microbial and chemical transformation studies of the bioactive marine sesquiterpenes (s)-(+)-curcuphenol and -curcudiol isolated from a deep reef collection of the jamaican sponge didiscus oxeata.	microbial and chemical transformation studies of the marine sesquiterpene phenols (s)-(+)-curcuphenol (1) and (s)-(+)-curcudiol (2), isolated from the jamaican sponge didiscus oxeata, were accomplished. preparative-scale fermentation of 1 with kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis (atcc 2628) has resulted in the isolation of six new metabolites: (s)-(+)-15-hydroxycurcuphenol (3), (s)-(+)-12-hydroxycurcuphenol (4), (s)-(+)-12,15-dihydroxycurcuphenol (5), (s)-(+)-15-hydroxycurcuphenol-12-al (6), (s) ...	2002	12444675
long anchor using flo1 protein enhances reactivity of cell surface-displayed glucoamylase to polymer substrates.	we investigated the influence of anchor length on the reactivity to polymer substrate of enzyme displayed on yeast cell surfaces. using various lengths [42, 102, 146, 318, 428, and 1,326 amino acids (aa)] of the c-terminal region of the saccharomyces cerevisiae flo1 protein (flo1p), which plays a major role in yeast flocculation, six display systems with various anchor lengths were constructed. in these systems, the target protein was displayed on the yeast cell surface under the control of the ...	2002	12466889
regulation of expression of the rhizopus oryzae uricase and urease enzymes.	the regulation of intracellular urease and uricase activities was examined in rhizopus oryzae. urease activity (2.4 u/mg protein) was present in r. oryzae mycelium grown in minimal medium containing nh4ci as sole nitrogen source. this activity increased threefold under nitrogen derepression conditions, but no induction by urea was detected. control of urease activity in r. oryzae differs from that found in neurospora crassa but resembles the situation in aspergillus nidulans. no uricase activity ...	2002	12619824
zygomycosis: a report of eleven cases and a review of the brazilian literature.	eleven cases of zygomycosis (mucormycosis) observed throughout an eighteen year period (1982-2000) have been reviewed. the most important demographic and clinical data of seven patients were tabulated. the remaining four are related as illustrative cases. seven patients presented with the pulmonary form of the disease; two patients presented with the pulmonary manifestation associated with sinusitis; and two patients presented with the rhinocerebral form. predisposing conditions, in decreasing o ...	2002	12716233
comparison of fumaric acid production by rhizopus oryzae using different neutralizing agents.	fumaric acid fermentation in a 10-l bubble column fermenter using different neutralizing agents [caco(3), ca(oh)(2), nahco(3)] by rhizopus oryzae atcc 20344 was examined. it was found that in the fermentation using caco(3 )as the neutralizing agent the highest fumaric acid weight yield and volumetric productivity were obtained, 53.4% and 1.03 g/l x h(-1) respectively. in the nahco(3) case, the fumaric acid weight yield and volumetric productivity were 33.7% and 0.69 g/l x h(-1), respectively, mu ...	2002	14508676
cotton seedling preemergence damping-off incited by rhizopus oryzae and pythium spp. and its biological control with trichoderma spp.	abstract planting the cotton cv. sure-grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. four cotton pathogens, pythium aphanidermatum, p. ultimum, an unidentified pythium sp., and rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. disease incited by the pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with metalaxyl, but disease incited by r. oryzae could not. seed treatment wi ...	2002	18943091
isotope fractionations in the biosynthesis of cell components by different fungi: a basis for environmental carbon flux studies.	abstract the isotope fractionation of carbon from substrates possessing different isotope ratios into fatty acids of polar lipids and amino acids was determined for four different fungi (rhizopus arrhizus, mortierella isabellina, fusarium solani, aspergillus niger). carbon isotope ratios of fungi closely followed that of the substrates. palmitic acid (c16:0), derived from phospholipids, did not display a large carbon isotope fractionation against the substrate. stearic acid (c18:0), however, was ...	2003	19719589
use of turbidimetric growth curves for early determination of antifungal drug resistance of filamentous fungi.	a previously described microbroth kinetic system (j. meletiadis, j. f. meis, j. w. mouton, and p. e. verweij, j. clin. microbiol. 39:478-484, 2001) based on continuous monitoring of changes in the optical density of fungal growth was used to describe turbidimetric growth curves of different filamentous fungi in the presence of increasing concentrations of antifungal drugs. therefore, 24 clinical mold isolates, including rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and scedosporium ...	2003	14532210
activity of posaconazole in treatment of experimental disseminated zygomycosis.	three isolates of zygomycetes were used to produce a disseminated infection in nonimmunocompromised mice. against all zygomycete strains, amphotericin b significantly prolonged survival. itraconazole was inactive against rhizopus microsporus and rhizopus oryzae but was partially active against absidia corymbifera. posaconazole had no beneficial effects against r. oryzae but showed partial activity against a. corymbifera. posaconazole had a clear dose-response effect against r. microsporus.	2003	14576138
fluorescent organophosphonates as inhibitors of microbial lipases.	short- and long-chain 1-o-alkyl-2-acylaminodeoxyglycero- and alkoxy-alkylphosphonic acid p-nitrophenyl esters were synthesized as inhibitors for analytical and mechanistic studies on lipolytic enzymes. the respective compounds contain perylene or nitrobenzoxadiazole as reporter fluorophores covalently bound to the omega-ends of the respective 2-acylamino- and alkoxy- residues. their inhibitory effects on the activities of three selected lipases showing different substrate preferences were determ ...	2003	14499469
liposomal amphotericin b, and not amphotericin b deoxycholate, improves survival of diabetic mice infected with rhizopus oryzae.	the efficacies of liposomal amphotericin b (lamb) and amphotericin b deoxycholate (amb) were compared in a diabetic murine model of hematogenously disseminated rhizopus oryzae infection. at 7.5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.), lamb significantly improved overall survival compared to the rates of survival in both untreated control mice (p = 0.001) and mice treated with 0.5 mg of amb per kg b.i.d. (p = 0.047). these data indicate that high-dose lamb is more effective than amb in treating ...	2003	14506054
usefulness of frozen section in rhinocerebral mucormycosis diagnosis and management.	rhinocerebral mucormycosis (rcm) is a well-described fulminant fungal infection that presents acutely in patients with ketoacidosis and immunosuppression. very early diagnosis, established with the demonstration of characterised hyphae in tissues, greatly improves the prognosis of rcm. in this regard, the specificity and the sensitivity of frozen section for the diagnosis and the surgical debridement of rcm were evaluated in this study.	2003	14506964
rhizopus arrhizus--a producer for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch waste materials to l(+)-lactic acid.	rhizopus arrhizus, strain dar 36017, produced l(+)-lactic acid in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using starch waste effluents. lactic acid at 19.5-44.3 g l(-1) with a yield of 0.85-0.96 g g(-1) was produced in 40 h using 20-60 g starch l(-1). supplementation of nitrogen source may be unnecessary if potato or corn starch waste effluent was used as a production medium.	2003	14719810
safety evaluation of lipase produced from rhizopus oryzae: summary of toxicological data.	the toxicity of lipase d, an enzyme preparation, was evaluated in a series of studies. lipase d selectively hydrolyzes triglycerides of fatty acids. it also catalyzes the interesterification of edible fats and oils. in a 13-week gavage study, sprague-dawley rats received lipase d at levels of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body wt./day. a dose dependent decrease in urinary ph was observed, but there were no effects on electrolyte balance, kidney weight, or histology of the kidney. the no-observed-a ...	2003	12726758
endophytic fungi associated with mediterranean plants as a source of mycelium-bound lipases.	a screening of endophytic fungi isolated from mediterranean plants rendered a mycelium-bound lipase from a strain of rhizopus oryzae that catalyzed the esterification of fatty acids in isooctane. the influence of various factors (water content, temperature, and ph) on ester synthesis was investigated. catalytic activity was inversely correlated with water content. this enzyme was active over the entire ph range studied, from ph 3 to ph 8, and activity was maximal at ph 4 and ph 7. the enzyme was ...	2003	12744662
evaluation of the post-antifungal effect (pafe) of amphotericin b and nystatin against 30 zygomycetes using two different media.	the post-antifungal effect (pafe) of amphotericin b and nystatin against 30 clinical zygomycetes was evaluated using two different media. pafe is a suppression of fungal growth after limited drug exposure. the mics of both drugs were determined using nccls m38-p guidelines. a spectrophotometric method was used to determine pafe in vitro. spores were exposed to amphotericin b and nystatin in rpmi-1640 or am3 at concentrations of 4 x and 1 x mic for 4 h for absidia sp. and at 1 x and 0.5 x mic for ...	2003	12775672
induction of rhizopus oryzae pyruvate decarboxylase genes.	two pyruvate decarboxylase genes, pdca, and pdcb, were cloned from rhizopus oryzae. these genes are similar to each other with approximately 85% nucleotide sequence identity within the coding region. multiple transcriptional start sites and polyadenylation sites were found for both genes. the deduced translation product of each gene results in a 561 amino acid protein with approximate molecular weight of 61 kda each. the amino acid identity between the two proteins was 91% as calculated by lipma ...	2003	12783195
evaluation of two types of polyurethane for the immobilisation of rhizopus oryzae for copper uptake.	previous studies have shown that rhizopus oryzae strain im 057412 grown in reticulated polyurethane foam demonstrated the same heavy metal adsorption capacity as the free biomass. immobilisation in other types of polymers was shown to reduce the biomass uptake capacity because of mass transfer limitations due to the restricted porosity of the immobilisation matrices. for practical purposes the growing of biomass in polyurethene support particles to use as a commercial adsorbent is not viable or ...	2003	12830953
role of the pectinolytic enzyme in the lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by rhizopus oryzae.	rhizopus oryzae strain nbrc 4707 produced lactic acid and ethanol more efficiently than strain nrrl 395 in potato pulp, an agricultural by-product of the starch industry. the two strains developed comparable activities of xylanase, cellulase, alpha-amylase, and glucoamylase, while the polygalacturonase activity of strain nbrc 4707 was double that of strain nrrl 395. the addition of commercial pectinase enhanced the formation of metabolites, suggesting that the degradation of pectic substances de ...	2003	12844245
cloning and characterisation of a glucoamylase gene (glam) from the dimorphic zygomycete mucor circinelloides.	this article reports a novel strategy for the cloning of glucoamylase genes using conserved sequences and semi-nested pcr and its application in cloning the glam glucoamylase gene and cdna from the dimorphic zygomycete mucor circinelloides. the deduced 609-amino-acid enzyme (including signal peptide) is 63% identical to the rhizopus oryzae raw starch-degrading glucoamylase and is the third glucoamylase reported to have the putative starch-binding domain placed n-terminally. the c-terminal cataly ...	2003	12883866
evaluation of the catalytic activity of lipases immobilized on chrysotile for esterification.	in the present work, the ester synthesis in organic media catalyzed by lipases immobilized on chrysotile was studied. lipases of different sources (mucor javanicus, pseudomonas cepacia, rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger and candida rugosa) were immobilized on chrysotile, an inexpensive magnesium silicate, and used for esterification of hexanoic, octanoic and lauric acid with methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol at 25 c in hexane as solvent. the best results were obtained with mucor javani ...	2003	12894300
a new solution for an old problem: the regiochemical distribution of the acyl chains in galactolipids can be established by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.	electrospray ionization-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (esi-qitms), either in positive- or in negative-ion mode, has been used to establish the chemical structures (chain length, degree of unsaturation, positional distribution) of the fatty acids attached to the primary (sn-1) and secondary (sn-2) hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety of natural monogalactosyl- (mgdg) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (dgdg), isolated from the freshwater dinoflagellate glenodinium sanguineum and from a mar ...	2003	12913862
rdna its sequence of rhizopus oryzae: its application to classification and identification of lactic acid producers.	rhizopus oryzae is an important organism for its production of organic acids such as lactic acid, fumaric acid, etc. to date, there were no easy methods to classify strains according to their acid production. the sequences of the ribosomal rna-encoding dna (rdna) internal transcribed spacer (its) region of 64 strains of r. oryzae were analyzed and found to conserve mutations correspond to acid production. we have devised a way to use these mutations for a novel method to identify lactic-acid-pro ...	2003	12951506
antimicrobial activities of eusteralis deccanensis and e. quadrifolia essential oils.	antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of eusteralis deccanensis and e. quadrifolia were investigated on bacillus subtilis, b. megaterium, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger and colletotrichum musae. both the oils possess growth inhibitory activity against most of the microorganisms tested.	2003	12974466
in vitro evaluation of combination of terbinafine with itraconazole or amphotericin b against zygomycota.	the combined activity in vitro of amphotericin b/terbinafine and itraconazole/terbinafine was assessed against 17 clinical isolates of zygomycota using a checkerboard technique. itraconazole/terbinafine combination exhibited a potent synergistic effect against the most of strains. amphotericin b/terbinafine combination showed an indifferent interaction for rhizopus oryzae, and an additive effect for the other species.	2003	12663161
molecular cloning of endo-beta-d-1,4-glucanase genes, rce1, rce2, and rce3, from rhizopus oryzae.	three endoglucanase genes, designated the rce1, rce2, and rce3 genes, were isolated from rhizopus oryzae as the first cellulase genes from the subdivision zygomycota: all the amino acid sequences deduced from the rce1, rce2, and rce3 genes consisted of three distinct domains: cellulose binding domains, linker domains, and catalytic domains belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45. the rce3 gene had two tandem repeated sequences of cellulose binding domains, while rce1 and rce2 had only one. rce ...	2003	12591897
production of mycelium biomass and ethanol from paper pulp sulfite liquor by rhizopus oryzae.	the cultivation conditions for rhizopus oryzae grown in synthetic medium and paper pulp spent sulfite liquor (ssl) were investigated to achieve high biomass and ethanol yields using shake flasks and bioreactors. the fungus assimilated the hexoses glucose, mannose and galactose, and the pentoses xylose and arabinose as well as acetic acid which are present in ssl. the assimilation of hexoses was faster than pentoses during cultivation in a synthetic medium. however, all sugars were assimilated co ...	2003	12618037
lactic acid production by saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene.	this work demonstrates the first example of a fungal lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) expressed in yeast. a l(+)-ldh gene, ldha, from the filamentous fungus rhizopus oryzae was modified to be expressed under control of the saccharomyces cerevisiae adh1 promoter and terminator and then placed in a 2 micro -containing yeast-replicating plasmid. the resulting construct, pldha68x, was transformed and tested by fermentation analyses in haploid and diploid yeast containing similar genetic backgrounds. both ...	2003	12545382
in vitro susceptibilities of zygomycetes to conventional and new antifungals.	in vitro susceptibilities of 36 zygomycete isolates, belonging to six genera, to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin b and 5-fluorocytosine were determined by using a broth microdilution adaptation of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards m-38p reference method. the influence of incubation time on mic values, and the performance of a spectrophotometric method for mic determination in comparison with the visual reference method, were also evaluat ...	2003	12493786
effect of fungi fermentation on organoleptic properties, energy content and in-vitro multienzyme digestibility of cassava products (flour & gari).	the present study sought to investigate the effect of fungi fermentation on the energy content, sensory quality and the digestibility (in vitro) of cassava products (flour and gari). the fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour) were produced, by fermenting cassava mash with pure strains of some common saprophytes, namely, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae and saccharomyces spp (baker's yeast and palm wine yeast) for 72 hrs before processing into cassava flour and ga ...	2003	14653508
chitosan productivity enhancement in rhizopus oryzae ypf-61a by d-psicose.	the effect of the rare sugar d-psicose on chitosan production by rhizopus oryzae was studied. the fungus was not able to utilize d-psicose as a sole source of carbon, either for germination of the spores or for growth of the vegetative cells. in a medium containing a low amount of d-glucose, however, d-psicose supplementation between 5 and 12 g/l caused enhancement of the productivity of chitinous substances, especially chitosan, in the cell walls. substantial changes in the chitosan molecule we ...	2003	16233408
[study on the repeated batch fermentation of lipase by immobilized rhizopus].	repeated batch fermentation with rhizopus arrhizus immobilized by polyurethane was optimized in details including the time to replace, the volume of the replaced medium and the optimal composition of the medium to replace. immobilized cells showed stability for repeated use. immobilized cells could be used for 9 batches, lasting 140h in flask and 6 batches in 5l fermenter when the substitute culture medium consisted of (%): soybean flour 3.0, earthnut oil 0.5 and the liquid was replaced by 40% . ...	2004	15969123
zygomycosis.	zygomycosis is an invasive mycotic disease caused by fungi in the class zygomycetes. within this class, the most common species associated with infection include absidia corymbifera, apophysomyces elegans, cunninghamella bertholletiae, rhizomucor pusillus, rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, and rhizopus arrhizus. these fungi all produce characteristic hyphal forms in tissue that are variable in width, produce haphazard branching, and lack septation. although these fungi are ubiquitous in ...	2004	16088464
enantioselective transesterification using lipase-displaying yeast whole-cell biocatalyst.	an enantioselective transesterification in non-aqueous organic solvent was developed by utilizing a lipase-displaying yeast whole cell biocatalyst constructed in our previous study. as a model reaction, optical resolution of (rs)-1-phenylethanol, which serves as one of chiral building blocks, was carried out by enantioselective transesterification with vinyl acetate. recombinant rhizopus oryzae lipase displayed on the yeast cell surface retained its activity in hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and o ...	2004	14689244
identification and characterization of a novel delta6-fatty acid desaturase gene from rhizopus arrhizus.	a cdna sequence putatively encoding a delta(6)-fatty acid desaturase was isolated from rhizopus arrhizus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods. sequence analysis indicated that this cdna sequence had an open reading frame of 1377 bp encoding 458 amino acids of 52 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of fungal delta(6)-fatty acid desaturases which comprised the characteristics of membrane-bound desaturase ...	2004	14706830
cutaneous zygomycosis due to rhizopus oryzae in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	we report herein a case of primary cutaneous zygomycosis caused by rhizopus oryzae in a 7-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) receiving intensive chemotherapy. the diagnosis was based on observation of hyphal elements in cutaneous biopsy and isolation of the fungus in culture. the patient responded to surgical intervention and treatment with amphotericin b.	2004	15601461
a high-resolution titrator: a new approach to studying binding sites of microbial biosorbents.	the high-resolution potentiometric titration was used as a physico-chemical method to study the acid properties of selected biosorbent materials in order to quantify the functional acidic groups for sorption and to determine their affinities by considering their partial or total ionization equilibrium reactions. the gran's method and the henderson-hasselbach's equation were employed in establishing the partition of the total acidity as associated with strong, weak and very weak acidic chemical a ...	2004	15707630
cloning and characterization of a gene rpg1 encoding polygalacturonase of rhizopus oryzae.	the polygalacturonase (pg)-encoding gene (rpg1) of rhizopus oryzae, the causal pathogen of rhizopus rot of mulberry, was cloned and sequenced. pgs were partially purified from incubation mixture of 2% pectin medium and their n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined by a gas-phase protein sequencer. rt-pcr was performed using degenerate primers designed from the amino acid sequences, which resulted in part of a pg-encoding gene being obtained. by 3'-race and tail-pcr analyses, the entire r ...	2004	15757176
extracellular amylase(s) production by fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae grown on cassava starch residue.	the fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae produce extracellular amylase when grown on a liquid medium containing 2% (wn) soluble starch or cassava starch residue(csr) (as starch equivalent), a waste generated after extraction of starch from cassava, as the sole carbon source. using csr as the sole carbon source, the highest amylase activity of 3.25 and 3.8 units (mg, glucose released x ml(-1) x h(-1)) were obtained in shake flask cultures during the late stationary phase of growth ...	2004	15907080
identification and characterization of a novel delta12-fatty acid desaturase gene from rhizopus arrhizus.	based on the sequence information of delta12-fatty acid desaturase genes (from mucor circinelloides, mortierella alpina, mucor rouxii and aspergillus nidulans), which were involved in the conversion from c18:1 to c18:2, a cdna sequence putatively encoding a delta12-fatty acid desaturase was isolated from rhizopus arrhizus using the combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) methods. sequence analysis indicated that it had a ...	2004	15327973
[cloning and heterologous expression of a novel delta6 -desaturase gene from rhizopus arrhizus nk030037].	a 593 bp dna fragment was amplified from rhizopus arrhizus nk030037 with degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed based on the sequences information for fungi delta6-fatty acid desaturase genes by rt-pcr and sequenced. gene specific primers derived from this partial sequence were used for the amplification of the 3'- and 5'-ends of this cdna by race method, and this lead to a full-length cdna sequence of 1 482 bp was amplified. sequence analysis showed this cdna sequence had an open reading f ...	2004	15473328
rhinoorbital mucormycosis secondary to rhizopus oryzae: a case report and literature review.	mucormycosis is a form of fulminant invasive fungal infection of the sinonasal tract that often extends to the orbit, brain, palate, and skin. it is caused by members of the order mucorales, and it is considered to be the most fatal fungal infection known to man because it is rapidly disseminated by the blood vessels. it is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, hematologic malignancies, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and immunosuppressive therapy. this rare opportunistic infe ...	2004	15487636
microbial metabolism. part 5. dihydrokawain.	preparative scale fermentation of (6s)-dihydrokawain (1) with rhizopus arrhizus (atcc 11145) gave 3'-hydroxydihydrokawain (2) and (8s)-hydroxydihydrokawain (3). structure elucidation of the metabolites was based on spectroscopic data. the c-8 absolute configuration of (3) was assessed via its mosher's esters.	2004	15516767
interesterification activity of rhizopus delemar lipase in phospholipid microemulsions.	the interesterification of olive oil with palmitic acid catalyzed by rhizopus delemar lipase was investigated in phospholipid microemulsion systems. soybean lecithin was used as the amphiphilic component. the maximal reaction rate was obtained at a buffer ph of 5.5-6.0. the reaction rate was also dependent on the w(l) (= [h2o]/[lecithin]) value and attained a maximum at w(l)=5. the reaction rate reached a maximum at a palmitic acid concentration of 350 mm. the molar fraction of the interesterifi ...	2004	15542321
molecular cloning of a gene encoding endo-beta-d-1,4-glucanase pce1 from phycomyces nitens.	we previously cloned three endoglucanase genes, rce1, rce2, and rce3, from rhizopus oryzae as the first cellulase genes from the subdivision zygomycota. in this study, an endoglucanase gene, designated a pce1 gene, was cloned by plaque hybridization with the codon usage-optimized rce1 gene as a probe from phycomyces nitens, a member of the subdivision zygomycota. the pec1 gene had an open reading frame of 1,038 nucleotides encoding an endoglucanase (pce1) of 346 amino acid residues. the amino ac ...	2004	15564668
increased levels of policosanol and very long-chain fatty acids in potato pulp fermented with rhizopus oryzae.	significant amounts of policosanol and very long-chain fatty acids (vlfas) ranging in carbon length from 22 to 30 were found in the lipophilic fraction obtained from potato pulp fermented with rhizopus oryzae. it is believed that these compounds would have originally been present as suberin-related compounds, but not as wax, in the periderm of potato tubers and concentrated into potato pulp during the process of starch production. moreover, the policosanol and vlfas extracted from potato pulp wi ...	2004	15564684
investigation of the importance of the c-2 and c-13 oxygen functions in the transformation of stemodin analogues by rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145.	incubation of 2alpha,13(r)-dihydroxystemodane (3) with rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145 gave 2alpha,7beta,13(r)-trihydroxystemodane (11) while biotransformation of 13(r)-hydroxystemodan-2-one (5) yielded 6alpha,13(r)-dihydroxystemodan-2-one (12) and 7beta,13(r)-dihydroxystemodan-2-one (13). bioconversion of 2beta,13(r)-dihydroxystemodane (7) with rhizopus afforded 2beta,7,13(r)-trihydroxystemodane (14). the results complement data from our previous work and provide more information about the effect of ...	2004	15587705
inactivation of fungi in vitro by photosensitization: preliminary results.	photosensitization is based on the interaction of 2 completely non-toxic agents--a photosensitizer, accumulated in microorganisms, and visible light. this interaction induces radical-based cytotoxic reactions in the presence of oxygen. the photosensitization phenomenon is widely involved in the treatment of tumors in oncology, in curing arthritis and atherosclerosis. in this work, the possibility to inactivate pathogenic and harmful fungi by photosensitization is shown. a new treatment methodolo ...	2004	15627327
biosynthesis of tannase and gallic acid from tannin rich substrates by rhizopus oryzae and aspergillus foetidus.	modified solid-state fermentation (mssf) of tannin-rich substrates for production of tannase and gallic acid was carried out using two fungal cultures, rhizopus oryzae (ro iit rb-13, nrrl 21498) and aspergillus foetidus (gmrb013 mtcc 3557). the tannin rich substrates included powdered fruits of terminalia chebula and caesalpinia digyna pod cover powder. the different environmental parameters for the maximum production of tannase and gallic acid were optimized through media engineering. the highe ...	2004	14768027
bioconversion of waste office paper to l(+)-lactic acid by the filamentous fungus rhizopus oryzae.	l(+)-lactic acid production was investigated using an enzymatic hydrolysate of waste office automation (oa) paper in a culture of the filamentous fungus rhizopus oryzae. in 4 d culture, 82.8 g/l glucose, 7 g/l xylose, and 3.4 g/l cellobiose contained in the hydrolysate were consumed to produce 49.1 g/l of lactic acid. the lactic acid yield and production rate were only 0.59 g/g and 16.3 g/l/d, respectively, only 75% and 61% of the results from the glucose medium. the low production rate from was ...	2004	14987724
evidence for selective hydrolysis of aliphatic copolyesters induced by lipase catalysis.	high molar mass random poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate), p(bs-co-bse), and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate), p(bs-co-ba), with different composition, were synthesized and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by lipase from mucor miehei or from rhizopus arrhizus. the enzymatic hydrolysis of p(bs-co-bse)s and p(bs-co-ba)s films produced a mixture of water-soluble monomers and co-oligomers that were separated and identified by on-line high performance liquid chromatography/ele ...	2004	15003003
repair of plasmid dna used for transformation of rhizopus oryzae by gene conversion.	techniques for genetic manipulation of the filamentous fungus rhizopus have been hampered due to a lack of understanding regarding the recombination and replication mechanisms that affect the fate of introduced dna. the ability to target chromosomal integration of a plasmid has been difficult because dna transformed into rhizopus rarely integrates and is autonomously replicated in a high molecular weight concatenated arrangement (i.e., series or chain). linearization of the plasmid prior to tran ...	2004	15007626
investigation of the importance of the c-2 oxygen function in the transformation of stemodin analogues by rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145.	a new stemodinoside, stemodin-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (5), was isolated from the plant stemodia maritima. incubation of stemodin (2) with rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145 gave 2 alpha,7 beta,13(s)-trihydroxystemodane (17) and 2 alpha,3 beta,13(s),16 alpha-tetrahydroxystemodane (18) whilst stemodinone (8) afforded 6 alpha,13(s)-dihydroxystemodan-2-one (19). the bioconversion of 2 beta,13(s)-dihydroxystemodane (10) by the fungus yielded 2 beta,7 beta,13(s)-trihydroxystemodane (20) whereas stemod-12-en ...	2004	15016566
expression of a rhizopus oryzae lipase in pichia pastoris under control of the nitrogen source-regulated formaldehyde dehydrogenase promoter.	a rhizopus oryzae lipase gene has been expressed in pichia pastoris as a reporter using the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (pfld1) of this organism, which has been reported to be strongly and independently induced by either methanol as sole carbon source or methylamine as sole nitrogen source. levels of lipase expressed and secreted under the control of the pfld1 at different induction conditions have been compared to those obtained with the commonly used alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (paox1 ...	2004	15063618
development of a system for integrative and stable transformation of the zygomycete rhizopus oryzae by agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer.	two transformation systems, based on the use of cacl(2)/peg and agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively, were developed for the zygomycete rhizopus oryzae. irrespective of the selection marker used, a pyr4 marker derived from r. niveus or a dominant amds(+) marker from aspergillus nidulans, and irrespective of the configuration of the transforming dna (linear or circular), the transformants obtained with the cacl(2)/peg transformation method were found to carry multiple copies of tandemly linked ...	2004	15067540
complete resolution of pulmonary rhizopus oryzae infection with itraconazole treatment: more evidence of the utility of azoles for zygomycosis.	zygomycosis often requires aggressive surgical and antifungal therapy. we report a non-neutropenic patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and iron overload receiving cytotoxic therapy who presented with pulmonary rhizopus oryzae infection. this patient was cured through the use of itraconazole alone and the literature on the utility of azole antifungals for zygomycosis is reviewed.	2004	15078434
cloning and functional characterization of the rhizopus oryzae high affinity iron permease (rftr1) gene.	rhizopus oryzae is the most common etiologic agent of mucormycosis. clinical and animal model data clearly demonstrate that the presence of elevated available serum iron predisposes the host to develop mucormycosis. therefore, the high affinity iron permease (rftr1) which encodes a protein required to scavenge iron from the environment, is highly likely to be a critical determinant of virulence for r. oryzae. we have cloned rftr1 by using a pcr approach relying on degenerate primers designed fro ...	2004	15158278
purification of the extracellular pectinolytic enzyme from the fungus rhizopus oryzae nbrc 4707.	the pectinolytic enzyme from the solid-state culture of rhizopus oryzae nbrc 4707 was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography on cm-toyopearl 650 m and hydroxylapatite. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 31,000 and was reduced to 29,700 after treatment with endoglycosidase h. maximal activity was observed near ph 4.5 at 45 degrees c. the enzyme was shown to be endopolygalacturonase, as judged from the formation of oligogalact ...	2004	15160610
use of immobilized lipases for lipase purification via specific lipase-lipase interactions.	lipase from pseudomonas fluorescens (pfl), an enzyme with a great tendency to yield bimolecular aggregates, was immobilized via multipoint covalent attachment on glyoxyl-agarose in the presence of triton x-100. this strategy permitted to obtain the enzyme with the active center oriented towards the reaction medium. this immobilized enzyme presents the capacity of specifically adsorbing pfl molecules, that can be easily desorbed by the use of detergents. more interesting, the enzyme was also able ...	2004	15233541
genetic diversity in rhizopus oryzae strains as revealed by the sequence of lactate dehydrogenase genes.	twenty-seven strains of rhizopus oryzae accumulating predominantly lactic acid were shown to possess two ldh genes, ldha and ldhb, encoding nad-dependent lactate dehydrogenases. variation in nucleotide sequence was identified for each gene from different strains, and similar phylogenetic trees were obtained based on the nucleotide sequences of both genes. the other 21 strains of r. oryzae accumulating predominantly fumaric and malic acids contained a single orf of ldhb. compared to the strains a ...	2004	15278242
a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor from rhizopus oryzae.	a bile acid derivative, methyl cholate (1), was isolated from etoac extract of the fungus rhizopus oryzae as a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. it showed moderate inhibitory activity on cholesterol biosynthesis in human chang liver cells. compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on the later step of cholesterol biosynthesis, indicating that its action mode is different from that of statins that act on the hmg-coa reductase.	2004	15283464
model studies on the formation of monochloropropanediols in the presence of lipase.	the formation of chloropropanols was investigated using model systems comprised of lipase, vegetable oil or fat, water, and sodium chloride. the results showed that measurable levels of the foodborne carcinogen 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-mcpd) are formed in the presence of commercially available lipases of mammalian, vegetable, and fungal origins, incubated at temperatures of 40 degrees c. the highest yield of 3-mcpd was obtained in reaction mixtures containing lipase from rhizopus oryzae, and ...	2004	15291482
direct production of ethanol from raw corn starch via fermentation by use of a novel surface-engineered yeast strain codisplaying glucoamylase and alpha-amylase.	direct and efficient production of ethanol by fermentation from raw corn starch was achieved by using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae codisplaying rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase and streptococcus bovis alpha-amylase by using the c-terminal-half region of alpha-agglutinin and the flocculation functional domain of flo1p as the respective anchor proteins. in 72-h fermentation, this strain produced 61.8 g of ethanol/liter, with 86.5% of theoretical yield from raw corn starch.	2004	15294847
lactic acid production by rhizopus oryzae transformants with modified lactate dehydrogenase activity.	rhizopus oryzae is capable of producing high levels of lactic acid by the fermentation of glucose. yields typically vary over 60-80%, with the remaining glucose diverted primarily into ethanol fermentation. the goal of this work was to increase lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity, so lactic acid fermentation could more effectively compete for available pyruvate. three different constructs, pldha71x, pldha48xi, and pldha89vii, containing various lengths of the ldha gene fragment, were transforme ...	2004	14624317
positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, corn oil, or beef tallow.	this study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary beef tallow, corn oil, and conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on the distribution of fatty acids among positions within triacylglycerols. crossbred barrows (n=6 per treatment group) received diets containing 1.5% beef tallow, 1.5% corn oil, or 1.5% cla for 5 weeks. subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained immediately postmortem. the fatty acid composition was determined for the sn-2 positions of the triacylglycerols by digestion w ...	2004	22061817
antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against aspergillus fumigatus.	more than 120 isolates of lactic acid bacteria obtained from kimchi was screened for antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigatus. approximately 10% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity and only 4.16% (five isolates) exhibited strong activity against the indicator fungus a. fumigatus. the five isolates showed a wide rang of antifungal activity against a. flavus, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium commune, and rhizopus oryzae. they were identified by 16s rdna sequencing as lactobacillus ...	2005	24049503
microbial transformation of tannin-rich substrate to gallic acid through co-culture method.	modified solid-state fermentation (mssf) of tannin-rich substrate yielding tannase and gallic acid was carried out using a co-culture of the filamentous fungi, rhizopus oryzae (ro iit rb-13, nrrl 21498) and aspergillus foetidus (gmrb013 mtcc 3557). powdered fruits of terminalia chebula and powdered pod cover of caesalpinia digyna was used in the process and the different process parameters for maximum production of tannase and gallic acid by co-culture method were optimized through media enginee ...	2005	15627566
synthesis of ethyl phenylacetate by lyophilized mycelium of aspergillus oryzae.	lyophilized mycelia of aspergillus oryzae cbs 102.07, aspergillus oryzae mim, rhizopus oryzae cbs 112.07, rhizopus oryzae cbs 391.34, rhizopus oryzae cbs 260.28 and rhizopus oryzae cbs 328.47 were tested in this study to select the best biocatalysts for ethanol acylation with phenylacetic acid. the mycelium-bound carboxylesterase activity of a. oryzae mim, which exhibited the best performances, was initially investigated at 50 degrees c, either in 0.1 m phosphate buffer or in n-heptane to cataly ...	2005	15650849
reducing by-product formation in l-lactic acid fermentation by rhizopus oryzae.	during l-lactic acid fermentation by rhizopus oryzae, increasing the phosphate level in the fermentation medium from 0.1 g l(-1) to 0.6 g l(-1) kh2po4 reduced the maximal concentration of l-lactic acid and fumaric acid from 85 g l(-1) to 71 g l(-1) and from 1.36 g l(-1) to 0.18 g l(-1), respectively; and it decreased the fermentation time from 72 h to 52 h. phosphate at 0.40 g l(-1) kh2po4 was suitable for both minimizing fumaric acid accumulation and benefiting l-lactic acid production.	2005	15654619
rhizopus oryzae adheres to, is phagocytosed by, and damages endothelial cells in vitro.	rhizopus oryzae is the most common cause of zygomycosis, a life-threatening infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. a characteristic hallmark of zygomycosis is angioinvasion by the fungus, resulting in thrombosis and subsequent tissue necrosis. interactions between r. oryzae and vascular endothelial cells are therefore likely of central importance to the organism's pathogenetic strategy. we studied the ability of r. oryzae to adhere to and damage human umbilical vein endothe ...	2005	15664916
caspofungin inhibits rhizopus oryzae 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase, lowers burden in brain measured by quantitative pcr, and improves survival at a low but not a high dose during murine disseminated zygomycosis.	rhizopus oryzae is the most common cause of zygomycosis, a life-threatening infection that usually occurs in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. despite standard therapy, the overall rate of mortality from zygomycosis remains >50%, and new strategies for treatment are urgently needed. the activities of caspofungin acetate (cas) and other echinocandins (antifungal inhibitors of the synthesis of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase [gs]) against the agents of zygomycosis have remained relatively unexplored ...	2005	15673756
combination therapy with amphotericin b lipid complex and caspofungin acetate of disseminated zygomycosis in diabetic ketoacidotic mice.	we studied the combination of amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) and caspofungin in mice with disseminated rhizopus oryzae. combination therapy improved survival compared to that of mice given monotherapy and that of untreated controls (p < 0.05) but did not improve organ clearance. in addition, prophylactic combination therapy was not more effective than prophylactic ablc alone.	2005	15673781
comparative mitochondrial genomics in zygomycetes: bacteria-like rnase p rnas, mobile elements and a close source of the group i intron invasion in angiosperms.	to generate data for comparative analyses of zygomycete mitochondrial gene expression, we sequenced mtdnas of three distantly related zygomycetes, rhizopus oryzae, mortierella verticillata and smittium culisetae. they all contain the standard fungal mitochondrial gene set, plus rnpb, the gene encoding the rna subunit of the mitochondrial rnase p (mtp-rna) and rps3, encoding ribosomal protein s3 (the latter lacking in r.oryzae). the mtp-rnas of r.oryzae and of additional zygomycete relatives have ...	2005	15689432
effect of urea on the enzymatic activity of a lipase entrapped in aot-heptane-water reverse micellar solutions.	a study has been made of the effect of urea upon the hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl acetate (2-na) catalyzed by lipase from rhizopus arrhizus in aot-heptane-water reverse micellar solutions at ph 7. the partition constants, k, of 2-na between n-heptane and aqueous urea solutions in the absence of micelles were also determined. it was found that k decreases when the concentration of urea increases. in aqueous solution the rate of hydrolysis of 2-na catalyzed by lipase is dependent on the concentration ...	2005	15694427
modelling the effect of ethanol on growth rate of food spoilage moulds.	the effect of ethanol (e) on the radial growth rate (mu) of food spoilage moulds (aspergillus candidus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, eurotium herbariorum, mucor circinelloides, mucor racemosus, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium at a(w) 0.99, 25 degrees c. in order to model this effect, the monod type equation described previousl ...	2005	15698687
developing high cell density fed-batch cultivation strategies for heterologous protein production in pichia pastoris using the nitrogen source-regulated fld1 promoter.	a pichia pastoris strain expressing a rhizopus oryzae lipase gene under the transcriptional control of the promoter from the p. pastoris formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene (pfld) was utilized to study the feasibility of this expression system for recombinant protein production using methanol-free fed-batch high cell density cultivations. we have developed a simple and reliable fed-batch strategy using the pfld system based on the use of methylamine and sorbitol as nitrogen and carbon sources, res ...	2005	15918169
direct fermentation of potato starch wastewater to lactic acid by rhizopus oryzae and rhizopus arrhizus.	the biochemical kinetic of direct fermentation for lactic acid production by fungal species of rhizopus arrhizus 3,6017 and rhizopus oryzae 2,062 was studied with respect to growth ph, temperature and substrate. the direct fermentation was characterized by starch hydrolysis, accumulation of reducing sugar, and production of lactic acid and fungal biomass. starch hydrolysis, reducing sugar accumulation, biomass formation and lactic acid production were affected with the variations in ph, temperat ...	2005	15947951
alternative splicing produces two endoglucanases with one or two carbohydrate-binding modules in mucor circinelloides.	we previously cloned three endoglucanase genes, rce1, rce2, and rce3, that were isolated from rhizopus oryzae as the first cellulase genes from a member of the subdivision zygomycota. in this study, two cdnas homologous to the rce1 gene, designated the mce1 and mce2 cdnas, were cloned from mucor circinelloides, a member of the subdivision zygomycota. the mce1 cdna encoded an endoglucanase (family 45 glycoside hydrolase) having one carbohydrate-binding module (cbm), designated mce1, and the mce2 ...	2005	15838031
stemodane skeletal rearrangement: chemistry and microbial transformation.	solvolytic rearrangement of the c/d ring system of the tetracyclic diterpenoid stemodinone (2) afforded the compounds 15(13-->12)abeo-13beta-hydroxystemaran-2-one (5) and 15(8-->9)abeo-8beta(h)-12beta-hydroxystachan-2-one (10). terpene 5 possesses a novel diterpene skeleton. oxidation of these compounds yielded their respective diketones. bioconversion of 5 by rhizopus oryzae yielded 15(13-->12)abeo-7beta,13beta-dihydroxystemaran-2-one (18) while microbial transformation of 10 provided 15(8-->9) ...	2005	15845408
cutaneous mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia.	we describe a patient with invasive necrotizing cutaneous mucormycosis caused by rhizopus oryzae. the patient, who had been suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia (all) for eight months, had erythema and necrosis surrounded by swelling on the dorsum of his left hand. debridement was performed, and microscopic examination of the obtained specimens revealed mucormycosis. because amphotericin b was ineffective, amputation at the left shoulder joint was performed. bone marrow transplantation (bmt ...	2005	15863849
n-terminal peptide of rhizopus oryzae lipase is important for its catalytic properties.	in a culture medium, the rhizopus oryzae strain produces only one form of lipase, rol32. when the concentrated culture medium was stored at 0 degrees c during several months or kept at 6 degrees c during a few days, we noticed the appearance of a second shorter form of rol32 lacking its n-terminal 28 amino acid (rol29). rol29 was purified to homogeneity and its 21 n-terminal amino acid residues were found to be identical to the 29-49 sequence of rol32. the cleavage of the n-terminal peptide redu ...	2005	15710378
creation of rhizopus oryzae lipase having a unique oxyanion hole by combinatorial mutagenesis in the lid domain.	combinatorial libraries of the lid domain of rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol; phe88xaa, ala91xaa, ile92xaa) were displayed on the yeast cell surface using yeast cell-surface engineering. among the 40,000 transformants in which rol mutants were displayed on the yeast cell surface, ten clones showed clear halos on soybean oil-containing plates. among these, some clones exhibited high activities toward fatty acid esters of fluorescein and contained non-polar amino acid residues in the mutated positions ...	2005	15729555
interferon- gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augment the activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against medically important zygomycetes.	zygomycetes cause serious invasive infections, predominantly in immunocompromised and diabetic patients with poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. we compared the antifungal function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) against hyphae of rhizopus oryzae and r. microsporus, the most frequently isolated zygomycetes, with that against the less frequently isolated absidia corymbifera. we then evaluated the effects of interferon (ifn)- gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ...	2005	15747255
combined effect of the methanol utilization (mut) phenotype and gene dosage on recombinant protein production in pichia pastoris fed-batch cultures.	an important number of heterologous proteins have been produced in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris using the alcohol oxidase promoter. two factors that drastically influence protein production and cultivation process development in this system are gene dosage and methanol assimilation capacity of the host strain (mut phenotype). using a battery of four strains which secrete a rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol), the combined effects of gene dosage and mut phenotype on recombinant protein produ ...	2005	15748759
improved secretory production of glucoamylase in pichia pastoris by combination of genetic manipulations.	rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase (ga) has been genetically engineered with modified signal peptide (msp), increased copy number of the gene, and coexpression of sec4, a gene encoding a rab protein associated with secretory vesicles, and its secretion level has been successfully raised up to 100-fold in pichia pastoris. the msp was designed to contain the signal peptide of mouse salivary alpha-amylase (s8l) fused to the pro-region of the signal peptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor ...	2005	15607743
the active component in the flax-retting system of the zygomycete rhizopus oryzae sb is a family 28 polygalacturonase.	the zygomycete rhizopus oryzae sb is a very efficient organism for retting of flax, the initial microbiological step in the process of making linen. an extracellular polygalacturonase, when isolated could perform retting, and therefore probably is the key component in the retting system of r. oryzae. this was purified and characterized. the purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 37,436 da from mass spectrometric determination, an isoelectric point of 8.4, and has non-methylated polygalacturonic ...	2005	16133102
inhibition of non-homologous end joining and integration of dna upon transformation of rhizopus oryzae.	site-directed integration of dna in the fungus rhizopus has long been problematic because linearized plasmids used for transformation tend to replicate in high-molecular-weight concatenated structures, and rarely integrate into the chromosome. this work examines the methods that might interfere with the multimerization process, select against plasmids that had recircularized, and encourage strand invasion, hopefully leading to plasmid integration. in vitro methods were used to determine if the s ...	2005	16133163
[mycoses of the head and neck].	in recent years, mycoses have emerged as important infections in clinical practice. this phenomenon is explained by the ever growing number of immunocompromised patients and the increasing number of people travelling in areas where fungal diseases are endemic. head and neck infections are common in disseminated mycoses and may simulate carcinoma or cause upper airway obstruction. the most frequent causative yeasts or yeast-like organisms include candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histopl ...	2005	16142162
circadian rhythms in neurospora crassa: clock gene homologues in fungi.	computer-based analysis of a total of 17 filamentous fungal and yeasts genomes has shown: (1) homologues of frq, wc-1, wc-2, and vvd, key gene components of the neurospora crassa clock, are present in magnaporthe grisea, gibberella zeae, and podospora anserina, suggesting an frq-based oscillator in these organisms; (2) some fungal species that are more distantly related to neurospora, such as rhizopus oryzae do not appear to have frq homologues; (3) many fungal species that do not appear to cont ...	2005	16154782