Publications

efficacy of a new hoffmann-la roche compound (ro 15-5458) against schistosoma mansoni (gezira strain, sudan) in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	some compounds of the class 9-acridanone-hydrazones have recently been developed by hoffmann-la roche (basel-switzerland) and were shown to have antischistosomal effects. one of these compounds (ro 15-5458/000) was administered at two dose levels (25 mg and 15 mg/kg body-weight) to s. mansoni (gezira strain-sudan) infected vervet monkeys. the faecal egg-output was terminated, worm-burden killed and tissue egg-counts were greatly reduced as compared with the untreated control monkey. severe necro ...	1989	2515579
variations in genome fragments coding for rna polymerase in human and simian hepatitis a viruses.	the genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolated from spontaneously infected african vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) has been cloned and partially sequenced. comparison of genome fragments (1248 and 162 bp) from the 3d (rna polymerase) region with the corresponding parts of human hav genomes revealed a high degree of heterogeneity: there were altogether 257 nucleotide changes leading to 44 substitutions in predicted amino acid sequence, i.e. 89% amino acid identity. this divergence is consi ...	1989	2541023
increased peripheral lymphocytes, lymphoid hepatitis and anaemia in african vervet monkeys seropositive to retroviruses.	wild-caught african vervet monkeys are commonly infected by simian t-lymphotropic virus i (stlv1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), yet the natural histories of these infections are largely unknown. seropositivity was associated with increased total, t and atypical lymphocytes. in seropositive females there was mild, normocytic, normochromic anaemia. lymphoid hepatitis was present in seven seropositive cases. african vervets used in biomedical research, vaccine production and organ transp ...	1989	2551937
effect of prolonged infusion of anf in normotensive and hypertensive monkeys.	it is now recognized that bolus and short-term infusions of atrial natriuretic factor (anf) into different species lead to a slight and transient decrease of blood pressure, while prolonged infusions cause a significant blood pressure reduction in hypertensive but not in normotensive rats. the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of prolonged anf infusions on blood pressure and humoral parameters in normotensive and hypertensive african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). human ...	1989	2553071
assessment of occlusal tooth wear in vervet monkeys by reflex microscopy.	a biostereometric method was used to assess the tooth wear of monkeys fed either on one of two western-type diets, which differed in their refined carbohydrate, fat and fibre contents, or on a combination of the two diets. certain patterns of wear as a function of diet were observed but these could not be explained adequately in terms of diet roughness alone.	1989	2560367
differences in the rate of molar wear between monkeys raised on different diets.	the purpose of this study was to make detailed comparisons of rates and patterns of tooth wear in 15 growing vervet monkeys raised on hard vs. soft diets. dental impressions were taken every six to eight weeks over a four-year period. cusp heights and areas of dentin exposure on the buccal cusps of the left mandibular first molar were measured from high-resolution epoxy casts, by use of a reflex measuring microscope. areas of dentin exposure were regressed against time (by use of least-squares r ...	1989	2584518
biodistribution of 131i-radiolabelled plasma low density lipoprotein in hyperlipidaemic vervet monkeys.	low density lipoprotein (ldl) labelled with 131i has been administered to 6 vervets 2 of which were high responders to an atherogenic western diet in terms of plasma cholesterol, 2 were low responders and 2 were fed a high carbohydrate control diet. the ratio of hepatic to cardiac activity was recorded for up to 10 days after administration of the labelled ldl. liver activity had a longer biological half life in the high-responders and this can be interpreted in terms of a variation of hepatic m ...	1989	2610726
symptomatic and asymptomatic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated primates: biochemical changes in striatal regions.	administration of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, to primates produces an excellent behavioral model of idiopathic parkinson's disease. in the vervet monkey, regional biochemical differences in the striatum of two 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated groups were examined one to two months after treatment and compared with controls; one group displayed no observable gross motor abnormalities after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment ...	1989	2622529
supra-alveolar periodontal healing of auto- and allotransplanted teeth in monkeys.	although intra-alveolar healing of allotransplanted teeth often shows pathological changes due to rejection of the tooth graft, previous clinical findings seem to indicate that the supra-alveolar part of the allografts heals differently, which is of significant prognostic value. the aim of the present study was to determine the healing of the cervical part of the periodontium of auto- and allotransplanted mature teeth in monkeys. in 4 adult, immunologically unmatched, green vervet monkeys 16 mat ...	1989	2639787
the role of abo blood group compatibility in heart transplantation between closely related animal species. an experimental study using the vervet monkey to baboon cardiac xenograft model.	the role of abo blood group compatibility on graft survival when transplantation is performed between closely related animal species is uncertain. heart transplants (in the neck) were performed between donor vervet monkeys and recipient baboons; no immunosuppressive therapy was given. survival in abo-compatible pairs (group 1, n = 9) was for a mean of 10.3 (+/- 5.2) days, which was not significantly different from that in abo-incompatible pairs (group 2, n = 9: mean survival 7.3 +/- 5.6 days). i ...	1989	2645470
optimalization of immunosuppression after xenogeneic heart transplantation in primates.	xenogeneic heart transplantation is becoming increasingly attractive because of the shortage of suitable donor organs. in small infants and neonates, for whom suitable human grafts are difficult to obtain, this may play a particularly important role. to evaluate the optimal immunosuppressive regimen after xenogeneic transplantation, cervical heterotopic heart transplantation was performed with vervet monkeys as donors and chacma baboons as recipients. the following groups were investigated: grou ...	1989	2661769
primary fixation of vervet monkey oral epithelium for ultrastructural investigation--sem.	vervet monkey attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa was used to investigate the effect of primary fixative composition and osmolarity on the scanning electron microscope appearance and epithelial cell surface feature density. primary fixation was obtained using 12 different fixatives with osmolarities varying between 320-2010mosm followed by further standard sem processing procedures. all primary fixatives investigated produced acceptably fixed oral epithelium for sem study, showing all the morph ...	1989	2671339
hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates.	sustained exposure to glucocorticoids (gcs), adrenal hormones secreted during stress, can cause neural degeneration in the rat. this is particularly so in the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for gcs, in which gcs can exacerbate the rate of neuron death during normal aging, as well as the severity of neuronal damage after various neurological insults. thus, stress can be a potent modulator of hippocampal degeneration in the rat. the present report suggests a similar association in the ...	1989	2723746
semen characteristics of vervet monkeys.	semen samples (91) from 47 vervet monkeys were collected by electroejaculation over a 2 year period. seventy-eight of these were from 37 singly caged males of unknown fertility and 13 from 10 breeding males of known fertility. mean values for semen characteristics of the singly caged males were: volume 0.45 ml, ph 7.8, concentration 184 x 10(6)/ml, forward progression rating 2.95 (scale 0-4), motility 55.4%, live 68% and abnormal morphology 3.5%. mean values for semen characteristics for the bre ...	1989	2724914
role of supraspinatus in the quadrupedal locomotion of vervets (cercopithecus aethiops): implications for interpretation of humeral morphology.	various researchers have noted that terrestrial and arboreal monkeys often differ in the degree to which the greater tubercle of the humerus projects proximally beyond the profile of the humeral head. these differences have been associated with differing leverage requirements for supraspinatus during quadrupedal locomotion. although jolly (the baboon in medical research, vol. ii., pp. 23-50, 1967) suggested that a projecting tubercle can be related to the ability of supraspinatus to control more ...	1989	2764088
effect of polyunsaturated fat on regression of atheroma in the non-human primate.	twenty-seven vervet monkeys were placed on a 'normal' south african diet (polyunsaturated/saturated (p/s) ratio 0.28) for 24 months. nine animals were then sacrificed to obtain a baseline for percentage atheroma in the aorta and iliac vessels (15.7 +/- 3.6%). the remaining animals were divided into two equal groups. group a continued on the diet with a p/s ratio of 0.28, while group b was given the same diet, but with the p/s ratio increased to 1.5. after a further 20 months on their respective ...	1989	2799585
changes in social dynamics associated to the menstrual cycle in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops).	behavioral changes associated to the menstrual cycle in a social group of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were studied. three adult females were used as experimental subjects and in these, vaginal smears were taken every other day in order to detect their menstrual cycles. only the dominant and the mid-ranking female showed regular cycles while the low-ranking female showed amenorrhea. the menstrual cycles were divided into five periods (menstrual, premenstrual, luteal, ovulatory and fol ...	1989	2803469
early experience and cross-generational continuity of mother-infant contact in vervet monkeys.	this report presents evidence that suggests that spontaneously-occurring variation in early mother-infant experience within the normal range can influence primate mothering behavior in the next generation. longitudinal observations of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) living in naturally composed captive social groups demonstrated that the average amount of contact that mothers maintained with their infants in the first six months of life could be predicted by the amount of mother- ...	1989	2806728
effect of splinting on the mechanical and histological properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops).	healing of the periodontal ligament (pdl) after extrusive luxation of two upper central incisors was evaluated when one tooth was splinted and the other left untreated. one millimetre thick, transverse sections of tooth, pdl and alveolar bone were examined in a materials testing machine. load deformation curves were recorded and a number of mechanical properties were assessed. to eliminate the influence of differences in sizes and fibre arrangements, load values were reduced by the area and defo ...	1989	2818270
an analysis of air-stepping in normal infant vervet monkeys.	limb movements during air-stepping were analyzed in three neonatal vervet monkeys over a three-week period. the movements had similar temporal organization both across animals and across time. for example, the duration of both the hind and the forelimb cycle equaled about 500 ms, with hind limb return strokes lasting much longer than the hind limb power strokes. furthermore, there were clear indications of both intra- and interlimb coordination. specifically, all the joints of a limb tended to f ...	1989	15136255
the role of propulsive muscles of the shoulder during quadrupedalism in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): implications for neural control of locomotion in primates.	in comparative anatomical studies of the shoulder, the humeral retractors are often grouped together as propulsive muscles, which are important in the propulsive stroke of the forelimb during quadrupedal locomotion. electromyographic (emg) analyses of these muscles in opossums, cats, and dogs in general have confirmed such conclusions. an emg study of chimpanzee shoulder muscles during knuckle-walking found, however, that the humeral retractors are either inactive or perform a function unrelated ...	1989	15136256
reproduction in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops): iii. the menstrual cycle.	the menstrual cycles of 17 multiparous vervet monkeys were studied. based on estradiol, progesterone, and lh profiles, ovulation is predicted to occur on day 13 of the 32.4-day menstrual cycle. estradiol peaked on the day preceding the lh peak in 75% of cycles. average luteal phase length (progesterone greater than 4 nmol/l) was 18 days, with progesterone rising above 4 nmol/l on the day of the lh peak. vaginal cytology and perianal skin coloration exhibited too much within- and among-animal var ...	1989	31968857
early development of locomotor behavior in vervet monkeys.	the locomotor development of three vervet infants across approximately the first 2 months of life is described. fairly normal-looking walking movements (as compared to adults) were seen in all the animals by approximately 1 month of age and galloping was observed by 2 months. early locomotor footfall patterns were often aberrant and bounding-type gaits were sometimes exhibited. most of the symmetrical gaits observed were classifiable as lateral sequence. across the 2-month period the animals sho ...	1989	31968855
angular displacement patterns of leading and trailing limb joints during galloping in monkeys.	the movement patterns of the joints of the right hind limbs and forelimbs of four vervet and one squirrel monkey were compared during right- and left-lead gallops. although the overall displacement patterns were similar under both conditions, comparisons of the inflection points in the curves yielded consistent differences in the joints at various phases in the cycle. some of these differences appear to reflect differing mechanical conditions, whereas others seem to represent variation in muscle ...	1990	31952421
mitogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): apparent role of adherent cells.	peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) from normal vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were examined for blastogenic responses to concanavalin a (cona), phytohemagglutinin (pha), and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). the mitogen stimulated pbm in a dose-dependent manner. response to cona was apparently higher than for the other two mitogens. cell density and mitogen concentration were critical parameters for optimal lymphocyte proliferation, an observation in line with that reported for other mammal ...	1990	31963997
sudden short-term increase in mortality of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) due to leopard predation in amboseli national park, kenya.	a substantial increase in mortality, due mainly to predation, occurred during 1987 in a population of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) studied from 1977 to 1989 in amboseli national park, kenya. it has been shown that vervets moving into new and unfamiliar habitats are more at risk from predation. however, this does not entirely explain the increase in predation in 1987 because predation decreased after 1987 while movement into new areas continued. an increase in leopard alarm calls relat ...	1990	31963987
studies with human, baboon, and vervet monkey chorionic gonadotrophins.	vervet monkey, baboon, and human chorionic gonadotrophin(cg) were partially purified and their activity was monitored using radioimmuno- and radioreceptor-assays. they showed similar behaviour during ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing and had isoelectric points between ph 4.50 and 5.13. the stokes' radii were 32a, 34a, and 33a for vervet monkey, baboon, and human cg, respectively. corresponding immunoassay potencies were 476.9, 1,143.1, and 9,600 iu/mg, while the bioassay estim ...	1990	2084261
traces of mercury in organs from primates with amalgam fillings.	in order to trace possible accumulations of mercury, three vervet monkeys received occlusal amalgam fillings, three others maxillary bone implants of amalgam, and three untreated monkeys served as controls. one year later all animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion with glutaraldehyde. tissue sections from different organs were subjected to silver amplification by autometallography and analyzed at light and electron microscopical levels. it was found that amalgam fillings (total, 0.7-1 ...	1990	2115006
reinnervation of autotransplanted teeth. a histological investigation in monkeys.	the reinnervation of 8 autotransplanted teeth in 4 green vervet monkeys (ceropithecus aethiops) was examined. the lateral maxillary incisors of each animal were extracted and transplanted to the contralateral side. the root formation was incomplete with an open apical foramen. the monkeys were killed 1, 2 or 4 months after transplantation and examined histologically by a s-100 monoclonal antibody staining. a few single nerve fibres could be seen 1 month after transplantation. after 2 months, sev ...	1990	2120368
characterization of a primate model of hypertension. the response of hypertensive and normotensive male vervets (cercopithecus aethiops) to cold pressor stress, captopril administration, and acute bolus of atrial natriuretic factor.	in feral populations of african green monkeys or vervets (cercopithecus aethiops), between 5 and 15% of adults have spontaneously elevated blood pressure (bp). we report here the initial biological and pharmacological characterization of this potential animal model of hypertension. captive male monkeys with elevated systolic pressures show a modest pressure increase in response to stressors such as capture, phlebotomy and cold challenge. acute captopril administration lowers bp in monkeys with h ...	1990	2137342
4,6-dibenzamidopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is a highly selective inhibitor of cytomegalovirus adsorption to cells.	the heterocycle, 4,6-dibenzamidopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (dbapp), inhibited cytopathology induced by human, mouse, and vervet monkey cytomegaloviruses (cmv) in vitro at 0.2 to 0.5 microm, but did not inhibit cell replication at less than or equal to 30 microm. herpes simplex viruses were unaffected by the inhibitor. the antiviral agent ganciclovir was effective against these cmvs at 3-10 microm in parallel assays. dbapp and ganciclovir were synergistic inhibitors when used in combination. the h ...	1990	2159260
anti-lps antibodies reduce endotoxemia in whole body 60co irradiated primates: a preliminary report.	long periods in space may expose astronauts to the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation. we have used a primate model to evaluate any role of lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) in radiation sickness. vervet monkeys, which had been whole-body 60co irradiated with an ld100 exposure, had periodic blood samples taken for the determination of lps, anti-lps igg antibodies and bacteriological studies. on day 2 post-irradiation, primates were treated i.m. with either sterile 0.9% saline, o ...	1990	2241744
horseshoe kidneys in vervet monkeys.	two cases of horseshoe kidneys in vervet monkeys are described. apart from the fusion, the rest of the urogenital system was anatomically normal and renal function was apparently not affected by this condition. the microanatomy was normal in both cases.	1990	2246779
effects of speed on forelimb joint angular displacement patterns in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	shoulder, elbow and wrist joint angular displacement patterns were analyzed for five vervet monkeys across increasing speed. within symmetrical gaits, the peak positions of the pattern for each joint tended to decrease with increasing speed as did the yield angle of the elbow (more "yielding"). across the walk(run)-gallop transition there were no notable changes in the displacement patterns, but there was a consistent decrease in the range of elbow movements and an increase in the yield angle. a ...	1990	2248379
the representation of social relations by monkeys.	monkeys recognize the social relations that exist among others in their group. they know who associates with whom, for example, and other animals' relative dominance ranks. in addition, monkeys appear to compare types of social relations and make same/different judgments about them. in captivity, longtailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) trained to recognize the relation between one adult female and her offspring can identify the same relation among other mother-offspring pairs, and distinguish ...	1990	2269006
studies related to reaction of supporting soft tissue to denture wear: the histological response of vervet monkey oral epithelium to a -80 mmhg vacuum.	the histological response of vervet monkey oral epithelium to a negative force similar to that experienced under dentures was investigated. using impression trays with adherent impressions linked to a vacuum pump, the epithelia of the hard palate, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa of 16 monkeys were subjected to a continuous vacuum of -80 mmhg, and then fixed by perfusion and immersion while in situ. after processing for light microscopy, sections were measured to obtain the rete peg length, ...	1990	2283554
angiology of the brain of the baboon papio ursinus, the vervet monkey cercopithecus pygerithrus, and the bushbaby galago senegalensis.	the investigation was undertaken to compare the blood supply and venous drainage of the brain of the baboon p. ursinus, the vervet monkey c. pygerithrus, and the bushbaby g. senegalensis with that of man, because these animals are extensively used as research models. the blood supply of the three primates was found to be similar in each case. like man they have a complete circulus arteriosus; but they have a single anterior cerebral artery, whereas man has paired anterior cerebral arteries. the ...	1990	2321560
effects of size on vervet (cercopithecus aethiops) gait parameters: a longitudinal approach.	changes in the values of certain locomotor parameters were analyzed over a range of speeds for five immature vervet monkeys sampled at 6 month intervals over approximately a 3 year period. lateral and diagonal sequence walking gaits and transverse and rotary gallops were commonly used. the monkeys switched from walking to galloping at long cycle durations for their mass, although, as a group, their transition speeds were in agreement with data from other mammals. however, for individual monkeys, ...	1990	2327483
effects of growth and speed on hindlimb joint angular displacement patterns in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	hip, knee, and ankle joint displacement patterns are compared across both age and speed for five immature vervet monkeys sampled approximately every 6 months over a 3 year period. the analysis indicated that, as a group, the animals displayed no consistent changes in joint patterns as they grew. however, individual animals showed consistent patterns. there were also no consistent effects of size across animals at the walk-gallop transition. this is contrary to mcmahon's prediction (j. appl. phys ...	1990	2327484
fluconazole therapy for coccidioidomycosis in japanese macaques.	the south texas primate observatory is the home of more than 200 japanese snow macaque monkeys and of a small number of vervets. the colony was established to study social behavior in monkey families; consequently, animals range freely over more than 59 acres. during the past 6 years, there have been six documented cases of coccidioidomycosis. in addition, there have been six probable cases and five possible cases. disease was progressive in all monkeys and was characterized by cough, wasting, a ...	1990	2330486
isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency viruses from two subspecies of african green monkeys.	cercopithecus aethiops (african green monkey), a nonhuman primate species distributed throughout subsaharan africa, has been shown to have high seroprevalence rates of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), and therefore, has been proposed as a natural reservoir for immunodeficiency viruses. our laboratories have isolated siv-like viruses from two east african subspecies of c. aethiops designated grivet and vervet monkeys. analysis of the structural proteins based on the molecular we ...	1990	2340199
mptp-induced parkinsonism: relative changes in dopamine concentration in subregions of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field of symptomatic and asymptomatic vervet monkeys.	dopamine (da) and homovanillic acid (hva) concentrations were measured in subregions of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field in vervet monkeys 1 to 2 months after treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). identical mptp treatment regimens produced animals with different degrees of parkinsonism. in asymptomatic monkeys, changes in da and hva concentrations in the midbrain da regions were relatively small and involved central substantia nigra and ...	1990	2350702
acoustic classification of alarm calls by vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and humans (homo sapiens): i. natural calls.	a 2-choice, operant-conditioning-based classification procedure was developed in which vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) categorized species-typical snake and eagle alarm calls recorded from individually identified free-ranging animals. after preliminary training with a pair of calls from a single animal, 2 vervets were tested with novel exemplars produced by a variety of callers. experiment 1 combined testing with continued training in routine classification of 14 new calls. in experiment ...	1990	2354626
acoustic classification of alarm calls by vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and humans (homo sapiens): ii. synthetic calls.	in 2 experiments classification of synthetic versions of species-typical snake and eagle alarm calls by vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and human (homo sapiens) control subjects was investigated. in a 2-choice, operant-conditioning-based procedure, this work followed up acoustic analyses that had used various digitally based algorithms (owren & bernacki, 1988). all subjects were first tested with alarm-call replicas that were based on analysis data. these models were classified in the sa ...	1990	2354627
voluntary consumption of beverage alcohol by vervet monkeys: population screening, descriptive behavior and biochemical measures.	seventeen percent of 196 feral vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) spontaneously drank appreciable quantities of beverage alcohol in 3% sucrose in preference to 3% sucrose alone. ethanol consumption increased over time, as did the concentration of ethanol tolerated. willingness to select ethanol was stable over a three-year period, as measured by periodic retesting. individual patterns of drinking and behavioral responses to ethanol were quite variable. upon occasion, some animals drank to a ...	1990	2356209
experimental transmission of leishmania major to vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) by bites of phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae).	experimental transmission of leishmania major to vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) was accomplished by bites of phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies. three-day-old, laboratory-reared p. duboscqi were fed on leishmanial lesions on hamsters infected with l. major. the flies were re-fed on monkeys 10 d after infection. five adult male vervet monkeys were used in concurrent transmission trials. two of the monkeys received subcutaneous inoculations with stationary-phase promastigotes (2 x 10(6) proma ...	1990	2389312
transmission electron microscopy of supra-alveolar periodontal healing of auto- and allotransplanted teeth in monkeys.	an ultrastructural study of the supra-alveolar periodontal healing of auto- and allotransplanted teeth was performed in 4 immunologically unmatched green vervet monkeys. eight mature incisors were either auto- or allotransplanted. non-transplanted adjacent incisors served as controls. prior to transplantation the teeth were endodontically treated extraorally. eight weeks after transplantation, biopsies including part of the tooth and the adjacent supra-alveolar tissues were taken, fixed, decalci ...	1990	2390964
hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates.	in the laboratory rat and guinea pig, glucocorticoids (gcs), the adrenal steroids that are secreted during stress, can damage the hippocampus and exacerbate the hippocampal damage induced by various neurological insults. an open question is whether gcs have similar deleterious effects in the primate hippocampus. in fact, we showed that sustained and fatal stress was associated with preferential hippocampal damage in the vervet monkey; however, it was not possible to determine whether the excessi ...	1990	2398367
mptp reduces dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations in the supplementary motor area and cingulate cortex of the primate.	administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) to primates produces many of the biochemical, morphological and behavioral changes that occur in parkinson's disease. mptp-induced degeneration of the mesostriatal dopamine innervation has been well documented. in the present study, concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in cortical regions surrounding the cingulate sulcus were assessed, and were found to be markedly decreased in symptomatic mptp-treated vervet monkeys; ...	1990	2402341
mycotoxic peripheral myelinopathy, myopathy, and hepatitis caused by diplodia maydis in vervet monkeys.	during recent historical times many africans changed their diet to one based on maize. the grain is regularly contaminated by fungi which are toxigenic to domestic animals and birds. after one of the fungi, diplodia maydis, in pure culture on maize, was added to the food of omnivorous primates there was demyelination of nerves, atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of muscle, and hepatitis. these preliminary results are applicable to veterinary and laboratory animal sciences. they may also be medic ...	1991	1656046
d1 and d2 dopamine receptors independently regulate spontaneous blink rate in the vervet monkey.	previous studies have revealed the involvement of a dopaminergic link in the regulation of spontaneous eye blink rate in primates. based on the effect of dopamine d2 receptor-selective drugs and the anecdotal failure of the partial d1 agonist, skf 38393, to alter blink rate in monkeys, it was assumed that d1 dopamine receptors did not control blink rate. the recent availability of dihydrexidine, a full d1 agonist, prompted us to reevaluate the role of d1 and d2 receptors in the regulation of bli ...	1991	1682479
fenfluramine effects on serotonergic measures in vervet monkeys.	chronic fenfluramine treatment reduced whole blood serotonin and csf 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, but increased aggressive and locomotor behavior, in adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). following a drug-free washout period to monitor the drug recovery course, we initiated a second period of fenfluramine treatment in the same animals. when whole blood serotonin concentrations were reduced by about 40% from predrug baseline levels, we examined 11 cortical and subcortical bra ...	1991	1687165
immunochemical characterization of human antibodies to lymphoblastoid interferon.	antibodies produced in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp) patients treated with lymphoblastoid interferon (lyifn) may neutralize antiviral activity or may only bind to lyifn. these antibodies were characterized for immunoglobulin class, igg subclass, and light chain type by an indirect immunoassay. serum dilutions were incubated on lyifn-coated plates and the presence of antibody detected using peroxidase-conjugated goat antibodies to each human immunoglobulin class and light chain isoty ...	1991	1747959
bidirectional relationships between tryptophan and social behavior in vervet monkeys.		1991	1772069
serotonergic mechanisms promote dominance acquisition in adult male vervet monkeys.	in a counter-balanced, cross-over study, we examined the contributions of serotonergic systems to the acquisition of social dominance in adult male vervet monkeys. subjects were members of 12 social groups, each containing 3 adult males, at least 3 adult females, and their offspring. animals were observed in 5 intervals including a first baseline, a first experimental, a second baseline, a second experimental, and a third baseline period. at the end of the first baseline period, the dominant mal ...	1991	1794096
grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by mptp in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls.	fetal substantia nigra (sn) cells were transplanted into the caudate nucleus (cn) of four vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) that had been treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). mptp treatment appears to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease. normal and parkinsonian behaviors were quantitated by trained observers 5 days/week. twenty-eight behaviors based on previous factor analyses were individually sco ...	1991	1893983
retention of leptospiral agglutinins and long-term response to administration of monoclonal antibodies in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) on barbados.	in a study of 21 wild-caught barbadian vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus), naturally-acquired leptospiral agglutinins were found to persist for over five years. groups of seropositive as well as seronegative vervets were given a placebo, or full-strength monoclonal antibodies mca f12c3 (icterohaemorrhagiae copenhageni), or diluted f12c3 mcas. they were challenged 24 hours later with a suspension of highly virulent leptospires (copenhageni) administered intraperitoneally. immunoprote ...	1991	1915792
effect of ethanol on semen characteristics of vervet monkeys.	the effect of alcohol on spermatogenesis and sperm morphology has been of interest to many andrologists. six adult male vervet monkeys were utilized to evaluate the effect of ethanol on semen quality. a decrease of the percentage of normal spermatozoa was observed after 10 months of exposure to alcohol.	1991	2009027
gut microflora of vervet and samango monkeys in relation to diet.	the microflora in the gastrointestinal tracts of wild vervet and samango monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops and c. mitis, respectively) were studied, using fermentation acid analysis, electron microscopy, and culturing methods. the diets of the two species of monkey differ considerably, with that of the samango including a greater proportion of cellulose-rich leaf material, and this is reflected in the microflora. volatile fatty acid measurements along the gut of both species showed that these end ...	1991	2014992
histopathology of hyperacute rejection of the heart: experimental and clinical observations in allografts and xenografts.	the histologic findings in a total of 112 experimental heart transplants comprising allografts (baboon to baboon: n = 37), concordant xenografts (vervet monkey to baboon: n = 52), and discordant xenografts (pig to baboon: n = 23), in which the roles of abo blood group incompatibility, corcordance, and immunosuppression were evaluated, are described. hyperacute (vascular, humoral) rejection was characterized by disruption of the microcirculation, with interstitial hemorrhage and edema, rather tha ...	1991	2031919
hormonal vaginal cytology of vervet monkeys.	the cellular proliferation and maturation of the vaginal epithelium of adult female vervet monkeys was examined during their menstrual cycles. at the same time the serum contents of estrogen and progesterone were analysed. gradual but distinct patterns demarcated the phases of the menstrual cycle cytologically. the karyopyknotic index paralleled the estrogen concentration. mid-cycle peak maturation produced many anucleate squames, which exfoliated, forming a diagnostic vaginal discharge.	1991	2051464
the brachial plexus in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus).	the brachial plexus in ten embalmed, mature vervet monkeys was dissected to document the structure and branching pattern of this nerve plexus in this frequently used research animal. in general, the brachial plexus in the vervet monkey was similar to the plexus of other old world monkeys. however, several aspects were comparable to those observed in domestic animals. thus the quadrupedal and bipedal abilities of the vervet monkey was reflected in the structure of its brachial plexus.	1991	2051467
spectral sensitivity of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and the issue of catarrhine trichromacy.	several genera of platyrrhine monkeys show significant polymorphism of color vision. by contrast, catarrhine monkeys have usually been assumed to have uniform trichromatic color vision. however, the evidential basis for this assumption is quite limited. to study this issue further, spectral sensitivity functions were obtained from vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using the technique of electroretinographic flicker photometry. results from a chromatic adaptation experiment indicate ...	1991	31952406
group fusions and minimum group sizes in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	six unequivocal cases of group fusion occurred between 1984 and 1988 in a declining population of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in amboseli national park, kenya. in each case, the remaining group members abandoned their territory and joined a neighboring group shortly after the group lost its penultimate adult. because the number of juveniles did not appear to influence the timing of fusion, only adults (both males and females) appear able to maintain vervet groups as cohesive units. a ...	1991	31952380
thinking like a vervet.		1991	17840868
'concealed ovulation' and sexual signals in primates.	the absence of conspicuous sexual signals in some primates, particularly humans and vervets, has been interpreted as evidence that females of these species are 'concealing' ovulation from males. this conclusion is unjustified: the null hypothesis of no adaptation, that the absence of conspicuous sexual signals has resulted from the absence of selective pressures maintaining such adaptations, is both more parsimonious and better fits the facts. the related suggestion that there has been adaptatio ...	1992	1618432
acute changes in social composition and agonistic behavior in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).	among nonhuman primates the composition of social groups influences the interactions of group members. we assessed the effects of acute changes in social composition on behavior among 15 adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). subjects were observed in their basal social groups which comprised 3 adult males, 2-4 adult females, and offspring; and in two subgroups consisting of either two or three adult males. agonism and vigilance increased in smaller groups relative to basal ...	1992	31948137
the effects of temporary removal of the alpha male on the behavior of subordinate male vervet monkeys.	the effects of temporary removal of the alpha male on the behavior of subordinate adult male vervet monkeys were evaluated. twelve subordinate males from six captive multimale, multifemale vervet monkey groups were observed in two conditions: when all group members were present and when the alpha male was temporarily removed from each group. in the absence of the alpha male, subordinate males initiated more affiliative behavior and increased the amount of time spent in proximity to females but t ...	1992	31948162
fundamental frequency declination is not unique to human speech: evidence from nonhuman primates.	in human speech, declination of the fundamental frequency (f0) of the voice spans coherent units of an utterance and, therefore, signals where units begin and end. a rapid final fall at the end of an utterance provides a further indication of an utterance's ending. the occurrence of declination is sufficiently widespread across languages that several investigators have suggested it as a language universal. language universals may be universal because they are part of a species-specific specializ ...	1992	1737885
individual differences in basal cisternal cerebrospinal fluid 5-hiaa and hva in monkeys. the effects of gender, age, physical characteristics, and matrilineal influences.	we examined the effects of gender, age, weight, length, body shape (ectomorphy), and matrilineal influences on cisternal cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (csf 5-hiaa) and homovanillic acid (hva) in 78 socially living adult and adolescent vervet monkeys. csf 5-hiaa and the 5-hiaa:hva ratio were higher (by 27% and 18%, respectively) in females. in both sexes, csf 5-hiaa and the 5-hiaa:hva ratio increased with age. neither weight nor length were independently related to csf 5-hiaa or ...	1992	1282317
cellular responses of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) experimentally infected with leishmania major.		1992	1307757
natural hosts of hepatitis a virus.	the host range for hepatitis a virus (hav) is limited to man and several species of non-human primates, and involvement of vertebrates other than primates in hav circulation is unlikely. spontaneous hepatitis a infection has been reported to occur in captive non-human primates including the great apes (chimpanzee) as well as old world (cynomolgus, african vervet, stump-tailed) and new world (aotus) monkeys. the presence of anti-hav antibody in the sera of newly captured monkeys of these species ...	1992	1335654
comparison of the effect of the amount and degree of unsaturation of dietary fat on plasma low density lipoproteins in vervet monkeys.	the effects of the degree of unsaturation and of the amount of dietary fat on low density lipoprotein (ldl) concentration and composition were determined in vervet monkeys. diets with fat contents of 41, 31 and 18% energy, each with a low and a high polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (p/s; 0.27-0.38 and 1.13-1.47) were fed to six female vervet monkeys for two months. another six females were given a low fat, high p/s diet for the same period of time, to serve as a reference. the chole ...	1992	1435092
silhouettes elicit alarm calls from captive vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	in part 1, we analyzed alarm calls produced by captive vervets (cercopithecus aethiops) in response to naturally occurring stimuli. females and juveniles regularly alarm called to airplanes, birds, and barking dogs. juvenile females accounted for 60% of these alarm calls. in part 2, we isolated several monkeys from the colony and presented them with life-sized silhouettes of a leopard, snake, eagle, baboon, vervet, and goose. adult monkeys alarm called more than did juveniles. alarm calls were e ...	1992	1451417
in vivo measurement of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors using nuclear imaging.	we have successfully visualized atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) receptors in vivo using nuclear imaging. 123i-labelled anp, injected in green vervet monkeys, was rapidly bound to anp receptors in the kidneys and lungs. that the observed uptake was receptor mediated was demonstrated with competition studies using simultaneous injection of unlabelled anp 99-126. it was possible to distinguish between the anp receptor subtypes by the use of selective antagonists. thus coinjection of anp 102-121-de ...	1992	1457086
the influence of fish oil supplementation on plasma lipoproteins and arterial lipids in vervet monkeys with established atherosclerosis.	there is controversy about whether supplementing diets with marine fish oil can regress, promote or prevent atherosclerosis. therefore the effects of an atlantic pilchard oil (fo) supplement and dietary change were measured in a proven atherosclerosis model. vervet or african green monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet (ad) for long enough to ensure progression before treatments started. matched groups were then treated for 20 months, either by adding fo to the ad (ad/fo), or by changing to a the ...	1992	1461923
reactivity of some monoclonal antibodies specific for human lymphocytes with vervet monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	reactivities of some monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte surface antigens were tested on vervet monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), using flow cytometry and immunoperoxidase techniques. a number of antibodies were identified which reacted with similar populations of lymphocytes from vervet monkeys. these included antibodies that define t cells, suppressor/cytotoxic cell subset, pan b cells, monocytes and mhc class i and ii. a number of anti-cd4 markers examined were unsuitabl ...	1992	1514041
vaccination of the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) against infection with schistosoma mansoni.	pilot experiments were carried out to assess the immunizing potential of radiation-attenuated cercariae of s. mansoni. groups of 4 monkeys each were vaccinated 4-5 times at 3-5-week intervals using cercariae which had received 10, 20, 40 or 60 krad of gamma radiation. animals were vaccinated with 1000 or 2000 cercariae per kilogram of body weight. overall the difference in worm burdens between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was highly significant (p greater than 0.01). the highest level ...	1992	1514046
ifn-gamma and delayed-type hypersensitivity are associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys following secondary rechallenge with leishmania major.	ifn-gamma levels and delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were evaluated in vervet monkeys, following secondary infection with leishmania major (l. major). the animals had previously been vaccinated with leishmanial antigen, exposed to a primary infection and allowed to self-cure. supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) cultures, stimulated with either l. major antigen or concanavalin a (con a), were examined for the presence of ifn-gamma in a double sandwich enzyme-lin ...	1992	1514049
further evidence for the role of supraspinatus in quadrupedal monkeys.	differences in the degree of projection of the greater tubercle above the level of the humeral head in primate proximal humeri have been associated with differing leverage requirements for supraspinatus during arboreal vs. terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion. since most workers have assumed that supraspinatus acts as a humeral protractor, interpretations of the variation in greater tubercle height have focused on the need for powerful vs. rapid humeral protraction during the swing phase of quadru ...	1992	1562062
synaptic contacts of a two-cone flat bipolar cell in a primate retina.	the golgi-stained dendrites of a two-cone bipolar cell of a vervet monkey were serially sectioned for electron microscopy and shown to make basal synapses with two neighboring cones. the synapses were all on the cone pedicle membrane adjacent to the bipolar processes invaginating to form the triads. this is the characteristic position for flat midget bipolar cells. the numbers of triads in nine adjacent cone pedicles were not significantly different from those in the cones contacted by the bipol ...	1992	1562572
encephalitis and chorioretinitis associated with neurotropic african horsesickness virus infection in laboratory workers. part iv. experimental infection of the vervet monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus).	neurotropic vaccine strains of african horsesickness (ahs) virus types 1 and 6 were implicated as the possible aetiological agents in 4 cases of encephalitis and uveochorioretinitis in laboratory workers accidentally exposed to the freeze-dried vaccine preparations of the virus. to date, ahs virus has not been known to infect man. to ascertain whether or not primates were susceptible to infection with ahs virus, vervet monkeys (cercopithecus pygerythrus) were inoculated, either transnasally or i ...	1992	1574749
serial morphological changes in primate skeletal myofibres after 3 hours of ischaemia and 24 hours of reperfusion.	the sequential morphological changes occurring in skeletal myofibres after 3 hours' ischaemia and from 3 hours to 24 hours of reperfusion in vervet monkeys are described. eight vervet monkeys were studied under general anaesthesia. a hind limb was exsanguinated and a tourniquet applied for 3 hours. open muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle before tourniquet application, just before tourniquet release and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after tourniquet deflation. all ...	1992	1574750
torsion of the colon in vervet monkeys: association with an atherogenic western-type of diet.	the risk of torsion of the colon in adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethipos) increased when they were fed with an atherogenic western-type of diet. no cases occurred in females and rapid diagnosis is necessary to prevent lethal consequences.	1992	1602460
plasma catecholamines and social behavior in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).	many investigations in humans indicate that epinephrine, norepinephrine and their ratio may correlate with such traits as social competence, academic achievement, and aggression. however, the socioeconomic, dietary, and environmental confounds accompanying most human studies complicate their interpretation. social status, aggression, and other social behaviors can be reliably assessed in nonhuman primates under conditions controlling for crucial environmental factors. if interpretation of human ...	1992	1615058
delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in vervet monkeys self-cured from experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.		1993	8094592
cryopreservation of vervet monkey semen and recovery of progressively motile spermatozoa.	a method to cryopreserve semen from the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) has been developed, yielding a mean post thaw recovery of 63.60% of pre-freeze progressive motility. the extender contained a tes-tris buffer, egg yolk, dextrose, streptomycin, penicillin, and glycerol as cryoprotectant. the ph ranged from 7.10-7.18 and the osmolality was 330-345 mosmol/l.	1993	8138985
identification of a new subgroup of sivagm in tantalus monkeys.	simian immunodeficiency viruses from african green monkeys (sivagm) can be classified into three subgroups based upon the species from which they were isolated. the most extensively studied subgroup are composed of sivagm isolated from vervet monkeys (cercopithicus pygerythrus). fewer isolates have been characterized from either grivets (cercopithicus aethiops) or green monkeys (cercopithicus sabeus). an additional distinct species of african green monkeys, tantalus monkeys (cercopithicus tantal ...	1993	8212578
parathyroid hormone, ionised calcium, and potentially interacting variables in plasma of an old world primate.	bone turnover and calcium homeostasis in man can only be modelled validly in old world nonhuman primates. in order to interpret the models it is necessary to establish endocrine and biochemical parameters of bone mineral metabolism. this report is probably the first description of acute phase parathyroid responses to manipulations of blood ionised calcium, and of reference values for potentially interacting variables, in vervet monkeys. plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations were measured in ...	1993	8230175
recent developments in alcoholism:genetic transmission.	this chapter is an overview of developments in the study of genetic factors in vulnerability in alcoholism. the focus is on recent developments, including heritability studies in twins and transmission studies in families, both of which have continued to reveal evidence for a substantial role for genetic factors but also for etiologic complexity and variation in vulnerability across generations and across cultures. studies are discussed which utilized psychophysiological and neurochemical marker ...	1993	8234925
cone synapses of a flat diffuse cone bipolar cell in the primate retina.	a golgi-stained flat diffuse cone bipolar cell from a vervet monkey's retina (cercopithecus aethiops), contacting six cones, was serially sectioned for electron microscopy (em) to determine the types of synapses it made with the cone pedicles. all the synapses were basal (flat) contacts. their distribution and ultrastructural type were similar at each pedicle. approximately half the synapses were definable as triad-associated and the rest were elsewhere on the cone pedicle base. their ultrastruc ...	1993	8270960
voluntary alcohol consumption in vervet monkeys: individual, sex, and age differences.	the patterns of voluntary alcohol consumption were studied in 35 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), classified into four groups. each monkey showed a fairly steady rate during the studied period, resulting in individual differences that became more evident as the treatment evolved. females showed higher alcohol intake frequencies than males. this sexual difference was maintained among adults and juveniles. age differences were also observed: juveniles showed higher frequencies of intake th ...	1993	8309979
further analysis of ricin's pyrogenic effect.	ricin (ric) the toxic protein of castor oil seeds (ricinus communis, euphorbiaceae;) given intraperitoneally in sublethal doses causes fever in a dose-dependent manner in the following mammals: rabbit, cat, guinea pig, rat and vervet monkey. this hitherto unknown property of ricin calls attention to its use as a pyrogen-substance in the pharmacological screening of new antipyretic drugs.	1993	8312713
the potential of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and baboons (papio anubis) as models for the study of the immunology of echinococcus granulosus infections.	nine vervet monkeys and nine baboons were infected with eggs of echinococcus granulosus per os. six of the vervets and one of the baboons possessed hydatid cysts at autopsy, 15-28 months post-infection. the sequential igg response to hydatid fluid and protoscolex antigens showed considerable inter-animal variation. infected vervets and baboons became seropositive after an average of 8 months post-infection. considerable fluctuation in the igg response was observed, particularly to the hydatid fl ...	1993	8341587
evaluation of the monoamine uptake site ligand [123i]methyl 3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane-2 beta-carboxylate ([123i]beta-cit) in non-human primates: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and spect brain imaging coregistered with mri.	the in vivo properties of a new radioiodinated probe of the dopamine and serotonin transporter, [123i]methyl 3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2 beta-carboxylate ([123i]beta-cit) were evaluated in baboons and vervet monkeys. the labeled product was prepared in 65.2 +/- 2.8% yield (mean +/- sem; n = 18) by reaction of the tributylstannyl precursor with [123i]nai in the presence of peracetic acid followed by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) purification to give a product with radiochemical pu ...	1993	8358345
ontogeny of foraging behavior in wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): social interactions and survival.	the ontogeny of feeding behavior was explored by making observations of 32 vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) infants in amboseli national park, kenya. in contrast to adults and juveniles, infants appear to treat all primary food products in their diet as equally valuable. these age-related differences may reflect differences in food preference. to assess social influences, feeding synchrony between mother and infant was explored. from birth to 2 months, infants typically fed asynchronously ...	1993	8375144
genetic variation of the sivagm transmembrane glycoprotein in naturally and experimentally infected primates.	an in-frame stop codon prematurely truncating the transmembrane glycoprotein (tmp) is a common feature of many simian immunodeficiency virus, african green monkey strain (sivagm) molecular clones. the purpose of this study was to investigate the native form of the sivagm tmp in a naturally infected african green monkey (agm) and to study the fate of the stop codon following the passage of sivagm in primates.	1993	8397939
subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy, polyneuritis and ganglionitis in aged wild and exotic mammalians.	subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy was present in the intradural dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets of 19 aged individuals of the following wild and exotic mammalian species: woodrat, raccoon, mink, lynx, reindeer, red deer, musk ox, scimitar-horned oryx, arabian oryx, hybrid waterbuck, persian onager, przewalski's wild horse, malayan sun bear, asian elephant, east african river hippopotamus, vervet monkey and rhesus monkey. it was characterized by mild to severe multifocal ballooning of myelin ...	1993	8408784
simian immunodeficiency viruses from central and western africa: evidence for a new species-specific lentivirus in tantalus monkeys.	although up to 50% of african green monkeys (agms) are infected by simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) in their natural habitat, they remain asymptomatic carriers of these lentiviruses. they provide an attractive model to study not only the origin but also the link among genetic variation, host-virus adaptation, and pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses. sivagm have been isolated from three species of agm: the vervet (cercopithecus pygerythrus), the grivet (cercopithecus aethiops), and the sab ...	1993	8437214
folic acid and vitamin b12 status of vervet monkeys used for nutritional research.	plasma and red blood cell (rbc) folic acid levels, as well as plasma vitamin b12 levels were determined in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). all the vervets were apparently healthy and without symptoms or lesions typical of folic acid and/or vitamin b12 deficiencies. competitive protein binding radioassays were used to determine folate and vitamin b12 values in animals fed 4 different diets. the b12 levels for all the groups ranged between 866 and 5867 pg/ml and showed an inverse relation ...	1993	8437437