Publications

molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a novel serine proteinase inhibitor gene in bay scallops (argopecten irradians, lamarck 1819).	serine protease inhibitors, critical regulators of endogenous proteases, are found in all multicellular organisms and play crucial roles in host physiological and immunological effector mechanisms. the first mollusk serine proteinase inhibitor (designated aispi) cdna was obtained from the bay scallop argopecten irradians by randomly sequencing a whole tissue cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of the scallop serine protease inhibitor was 1020 bp, consis ...	2006	16005644
molecular polymorphism and expression analysis of mhc class ii b gene from red sea bream (chrysophrys major).	mhc class ii (major histocompatibility complex class ii) plays an important role in the immune response of vertebrates. its function is to present antigenic peptides to the t-cell receptor. in order to study the function and molecular polymorphism of class ii b gene in fish, we have isolated cdnas encoding class ii b from spleen cdna library of red sea bream (chrysophrys major) by using est sequencing, and examined genomic organization, molecular polymorphism and expression of red sea bream clas ...	2006	16045985
a gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of vanchrobactin, a chromosome-encoded siderophore produced by vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum serotype o2 strains produce a catechol siderophore named vanchrobactin, which has been identified as n-[n'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-arginyl]-serine. this work describes a chromosomal region that harbours the genetic determinants necessary for the biosynthesis of vanchrobactin. the authors have identified the genes involved in 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba) biosynthesis (vaba, vabb and vabc) and activation (vabe), and a gene (vabf) encoding a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, w ...	2006	17159203
treating experimentally induced vibriosis (listonella anguillarum) in cod, gadus morhua l., with florfenicol.	this study was performed to determine the efficacy of orally administered florfenicol in the treatment of experimentally induced vibriosis (listonella anguillarum) in cod, gadus morhua. the l. anguillarum strain hi-610 was used. this strain has a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 mg l(-1) against florfenicol. fifteen groups of 40 fish each were challenged by bath with 1.7 x 10(5) cfu ml(-1) for 1 h. three days following challenge, medication with florfenicol was introduced in 12 of t ...	2006	17169106
major histocompatibility complex class iib allele polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio anguillarum in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).	the full length of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class iib cdna was cloned from a chinese population of paralichthys olivaceus by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the mhc iib genomic sequence is 1,864 bp long and consists of 34-bp 5'utr, 741-bp open reading frame, 407-bp 3'utr, 96-bp intron1, 392-bp intron2, 85-bp intron3, and 109-bp intron4. phylogenetic analysis showed that the putative mhc class iib amino acid of the chinese ...	2006	16874444
cloning of inos in the small spotted catshark (scyliorhinus canicula).	the first cartilaginous fish inos gene has been cloned in the small spotted catshark, scyliorhinus canicula. the cdna was 4568 bp long, with a 3375 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 1125 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 127.8 kda. the catshark translation had 77% amino acid similarity with chicken inos and 70-73% similarity with known teleost i nos molecules. the various co-factor binding sites were well conserved, with the calmodulin site hydrophobicity profile noticeable ...	2006	16876672
efficacy of a listonella anguillarum (syn. vibrio anguillarum) vaccine for juvenile sea bass dicentrarchus labrax.	the efficacy of a commercial bivalent listonella anguillarum (serotype 01 and 02) vaccine (microvib, microtek international) was tested on prime- and booster-immersion vaccinated sea bass dicentrarchus labrax juveniles. we carried out 2 challenge tests on the prime-vaccinated fish, 50 and 90 d after initial vaccination. a second group of fish received a booster vaccination 60 d after the prime vaccination, and were tested with a single challenge 30 d later. relative percent survival (rps) was 92 ...	2006	16921997
cloning and sequencing of the histidine decarboxylase gene from photobacterium phosphoreum and its functional expression in escherichia coli.	the major causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of histidine. we reported previously that histamine was exclusively formed by the psychrotrophic halophilic bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum in scombroid fish during storage at or below 10 degrees c. moreover, histamine-forming ability was affected by two histidine decarboxylases (hdcs): constitutive and inducible enzymes. in this study, the gene encoding p. phosphoreum hdc was cloned into escher ...	2006	16924898
viral and bacterial diseases of atlantic cod gadus morhua, their prophylaxis and treatment: a review.	this review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of atlantic cod gadus morhua, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. the most important losses have been at the larval and juvenile stages, and vibriosis has long been the most important bacterial disease in cod, with listonella (vibrio) anguillarum dominant among pathogenic isolates. vaccination of cod against pathogens such as l. anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida clearly demonstrates that the cod im ...	2006	17058605
acyl-homoserine lactones modulate the settlement rate of zoospores of the marine alga ulva intestinalis via a novel chemokinetic mechanism.	bacteria utilize quorum sensing to regulate the expression of cell density-dependant phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence. zoospores of the marine alga ulva intestinalis exploit the acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing system to identify bacterial biofilms for preferential settlement. here, we demonstrate that ahls act as strong chemoattractants for ulva zoospores. chemoattraction does not involve a chemotactic orientation towards the ahl source. instead, it occurs through ...	2006	17080611
disease susceptibility of hatchery snake river spring-summer chinook salmon with different juvenile migration histories in the columbia river.	various methods have been developed to mitigate the effects of dams on juvenile pacific salmon oncorhynchus spp. migrating to the pacific ocean through the columbia river basin. in this study, we examined the health of hatchery snake river spring and summer chinook salmon relative to two mitigating strategies: dam bypass and transportation (e.g., barging). the health of out-migrants was assessed in terms of the difference in the incidence of mortality among fish, categorically grouped into no-by ...	2006	26599158
histological changes in intestine of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following in vitro exposure to pathogenic and probiotic bacterial strains.	furunculosis and vibriosis are diseases that cause severe economic losses in the fish-farming industry. the foregut of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) was exposed in vitro to two fish pathogens, aeromonas salmonicida (causative agent of furunculosis) and vibrio anguillarum (causative agent of vibriosis), and to one probiotic strain, carnobacterium divergens, at 6 x 10(4) or 6 x 10(6) viable bacteria per milliliter. histological changes following bacterial exposure were assessed by light and ...	2007	17120052
mutational analysis of the zinc metalloprotease empa of vibrio anguillarum.	the extracellular zinc metalloprotease, empa, is a putative virulence factor involved in pathogenicity of the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. the 611-amino acid precursor of this enzyme is encoded by the empa gene. the residues his346, his350, glu370, glu347, his429, tyr361 and asp417 are highly conserved and putatively function together at the active site of the enzyme. in this study, empa was inserted into pet24d(+) and expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) as a 6 x his tagged prote ...	2007	17134473
a novel high-copy plasmid, pec, compatible with commonly used escherichia coli cloning and expression vectors.	a 66164-bp cryptic plasmid, peib1, was isolated from strain vibrio anguillarum mvm425 and sequenced. a plasmid carrying a 1089-bp fragment, containing the minimal replication region of peib1, a kanamycin-resistance marker and an l-arabinose promoter, designated pec, was maintained as a high copy plasmid in e. coli and stably inherited in the absence of antibiotic selection. significantly, pec was compatible with the widely used cole1, psc101 and p15a replicons making it a useful tool for a dual- ...	2007	17151958
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda has protective antigenicity against vibrio anguillarum in japanese flounder.	edwardsiella tarda glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) may be an effective vaccine candidate against infection by e. tarda in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. the gapdh of e. tarda is highly homologous to that of vibrio cholerae (91%), and therefore e. tarda gapdh may have protective antigenicity against vibrio species. in this study, we immunized japanese flounder with gapdh of e. tarda and infected the fish with v anguillarum. the result showed that gapdh prepared from e. ...	2007	17629116
innate immune gene expression in individual zebrafish after listonella anguillarum inoculation.	zebrafish were intraperitoneally injected with 10(6)cfu (ld50) listonella anguillarum. three inoculated and control fish were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 22h post infection (hpi) and the expression of genes related to the immune response (il1b, cebpb, tfa, mpx, tnfa, nitr9, tlr22, hsc70, cp, mrlp1, c3b and lyz) in each fish was monitored by means of real-time rt-pcr. a similar experiment was performed considering an intermediate time point at 15 hpi. different relative levels of expression were ...	2007	17804254
molecular cloning of an insertion sequence-like element from vibrio anguillarum and its functional identification in e. coli.	the tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) gene occurs in some strains of vibrio species. all tdh genes are flanked by insertion sequence-like elements (isv). all previous attempts have failed to detect transposition of these isvs. in this work, we have built a transposition detection system in e. coli and succeeded in detecting the transposition of an insertion sequence-like element at a frequency of km(r) mutants of 7.2 x 10(-6). a specific flanking sequence (5'-py-pu-3') was found on either side ...	2007	17823776
the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).	jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ...	2007	17850573
specific expression of antimicrobial peptide and hsp70 genes in response to heat-shock and several bacterial challenges in mussels.	defensin, mytilin and myticin are antimicrobial peptides (amp) involved in mussel innate immunity. their in vitro antibacterial activity is different according to the targeted bacterial species. to determine if this specificity is correlated to different regulations of gene expressions, adult mussels were challenged in vivo with either vibrio splendidus lgp32, vibrio anguillarum, micrococcus lysodeikticus or by heat shock. rnas were isolated from circulating hemocytes and amp mrnas were quantifi ...	2007	16926100
molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a serine protease with clip-domain homologue from scallop chlamys farreri.	serine proteases play critical roles in a variety of invertebrate immune defense responses, including hemolymph coagulation, antimicrobial peptide synthesis, and melanization. the first mollusk serine protease with clip-domain (designated cfsp1) cdna was obtained from the scallop chlamys farreri challenged with vibrio anguillarum by randomly sequencing a whole tissue cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of the c. farreri serine protease was 1211bp, consi ...	2007	17046285
cloning and expression analysis of a hsp70 gene from pacific abalone (haliotis discus hannai).	heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), the primary member of hsps that are responsive of thermal stress, is found in all multicellular organisms and functions mostly as molecular chaperon. the inducible hsp70 cdna cloned from pacific abalone (haliotis discus hannai) using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), was highly homologous to other hsp70 genes. the full-length cdna of the pacific abalone hsp70 was 2631bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 90bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 573b ...	2007	16901719
molecular cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin antimicrobial peptide gene from turbot (scophthalmus maximus).	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are regarded as important components of the host innate immune system and play crucial roles in host defence against microbial invasion. a small number of hepcidin amps have been isolated from teleosts. here, we report the isolation of a hepcidin gene from the liver of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) (genbank accession numbers: and ). in the 1037 bp-long genomic sequence, three exons and two introns were identified. the full-length cdna is 778bp long and contains an o ...	2007	16908195
vibrio anguillarum evades the immune response of the bony fish sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.) through the inhibition of leukocyte respiratory burst and down-regulation of apoptotic caspases.	the mechanisms of the cellular immune response involved in the protection of fish against infection by the pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum are largely unknown. in the present study, sea bass specimens were injected with live or formalin-killed v. anguillarum and the respiratory burst of leukocytes was measured. the infection of fish resulted in a strong inhibition of the respiratory burst, in contrast with the slight increase in respiratory burst of leukocytes from fish injected with dea ...	2007	17485111
gyra and parc mutations and associated quinolone resistance in vibrio anguillarum serotype o2b strains isolated from farmed atlantic cod (gadus morhua) in norway.	mic testing of vibrio anguillarum isolates recovered from diseased farmed atlantic cod revealed oxolinic acid mics of < or =0.001, 0.06, and 16 microg ml(-1). single gyra ser-ile substitutions were identified at position 83 of the intermediate and resistant strains, while a parc ser-leu substitution at position 85 was found only in the resistant strain.	2007	17502408
freeze-drying of live attenuated vibrio anguillarum mutant for vaccine preparation.	vibrio anguillarum mvav6203 is a mutant strain as a candidate of live attenuated vaccine. in vaccine preparation, the freeze-drying conditions of the strain were investigated to improve the survival after freeze-drying, including the protectant, rehydration medium, freezing temperature, and initial cell concentration. vibrio anguillarum mvav6203 is sensitive to freeze-drying and the viability was only 0.03% in the absence of protectant. of the tested protectants, 5% trehalose with 15% skimmed mi ...	2007	17513125
vaccination experiments in the gadoid haddock, melanogrammus aeglefinus l., against the bacterial pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum is one of the primary pathogens responsible for high levels of fish mortality in the aquaculture industry, and among gadoids o2a and b are the most common pathogenic serotypes. in this paper a variety of studies were performed to assess the optimal route by which to challenge haddock against this pathogen, and an optimal regime to vaccinate haddock. the most efficient method to challenge haddock with v. anguillarum in this study was immersion in a bath containing 10(7)cfu/ml, ...	2007	17559945
the cdna cloning and mrna expression of cytoplasmic cu, zn superoxide dismutase (sod) gene in scallop chlamys farreri.	cu, zn superoxide dismutases (sods) are metalloenzymes that represent one important line of defence against reactive oxygen species (ros). a cytoplasmic cu, zn sod cdna sequence was cloned from scallop chlamys farreri by the homology-based cloning technique. the full-length cdna of scallop cytoplasmic cu, zn sod (designated cfsod) was 1022 bp with a 459 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 153 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of cfsod shared high identity with cytoplasmi ...	2007	17574438
cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel cxc chemokine from turbot (scophthalmus maximus).	chemokines represent a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines playing an important role in leucocyte chemotaxis. here we report a novel turbot cxc chemokine screened from a turbot spleen cdna library. the complete cdna of the turbot cxc chemokine contains an 81bp 5' utr, a 414bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 137 amino acids and a 449bp 3' utr. four exons and three introns are identified in the turbot cxc chemokine gene. phylogenetic analysis showed that the turbot cxc chemokine clustered apart ...	2007	17604647
specificity and durability of antibody responses in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) immunised with vibrio anguillarum o2b.		2007	17604648
inhibition of vibrio biofilm formation by a marine actinomycete strain a66.	china remains by far the largest aquaculture producer in the world. however, biofilms formed by pathogenic vibrio strains pose serious problems to marine aquaculture. to provide a strategy for biofilm prevention, control, and eradication, extracts from 88 marine actinomycetes were screened. thirty-five inhibited the biofilm formation of vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio anguillarum at a concentration of 2.5% (v/v). thirty-three of the actinomycete extracts dispersed the mature biofil ...	2007	17624525
a novel protein, ttpc, is a required component of the tonb2 complex for specific iron transport in the pathogens vibrio anguillarum and vibrio cholerae.	active transport across the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria requires the energy that is generated by the proton motive force in the inner membrane. this energy is transduced to the outer membrane by the tonb protein in complex with the proteins exbb and exbd. in the pathogen vibrio anguillarum we have identified two tonb systems, tonb1 and tonb2, the latter is used for ferric-anguibactin transport and is transcribed as part of an operon that consists of orf2, exbb2, exbd2, and tonb2. th ...	2007	17189363
heme, an iron supply for vibrios pathogenic for fish.	one of the main mechanisms present in gram-negative bacterial pathogens to obtain iron is the utilization of free heme or heme proteins from the host tissues. vibrio anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in fish, and photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, can acquire iron from free heme or heme-containing proteins present in the host tissues by a siderophore-independent mechanism. similarly to other animal and human pathogens, the general ...	2007	17206385
vibrio anguillarum colonization of rainbow trout integument requires a dna locus involved in exopolysaccharide transport and biosynthesis.	vibrio anguillarum, part of the normal flora of the aquatic milieu, causes a fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in marine fish. in this study, a rainbow trout model was used to characterize the colonization of fish skin by v. anguillarum. within 5 h after infection, the bacterium penetrated the skin mucosal layer, attached to the scales within 12 h, and formed a biofilm by 24-48 h. two divergently transcribed putative operons, orf1-wbfd-wbfc-wbfb and wza-wzb-wzc, were shown to play a role in skin co ...	2007	17222135
the type ii interleukin-1 receptor (il-1rii) of the bony fish gilthead seabream sparus aurata is strongly induced after infection and tightly regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.	interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. all the biological effects of il-1beta are mediated through interaction with type 1 il-1 receptor (il-1ri), whereas another receptor, called type 2 il-1r (il-1rii), lacks an intracellular signalling domain and acts as a decoy receptor that down-regulates responses to il-1beta. although both receptors are present in bony fish, their expression and biological role in the regulation of il-1beta activity in non-mammalian verte ...	2007	17234266
three statistical approaches for genetic analysis of disease resistance to vibriosis in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	the objective of this study was to estimate and compare variance components and sire breeding values for disease resistance to vibriosis in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) using 3 statistical approaches. a total of 3,576 individually tagged juvenile cod from 50 full-sib families were infected with vibrio anguillarum, which causes vibriosis, a frequently reported disease in cod aquaculture. the experimental fish were progeny of captured wild cod from populations of southern coastal cod (pop1), and ...	2007	17235017
complete structure elucidation of shishididemniols, complex lipids with tyramine-derived tether and two serinol units, from a marine tunicate of the family didemnidae.	two new serinolipid derivatives, shishididemniols a (1) and b (2), were isolated as antibacterial constituents of a tunicate of the family didemnidae. the structure of 1 was elucidated by interpretation of spectral data and the application of the modified mosher method to 1 and its suitable degradation products. compound 2 was the chlorohydrin of 1. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum.	2007	17253745
identification of amino acid residues required for ferric-anguibactin transport in the outer-membrane receptor fata of vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum 775 is a fish pathogen that causes a disease characterized by a fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia. it harbours the 65 kbp pjm1 plasmid, which encodes an iron sequestering system specific for the siderophore anguibactin and is essential for virulence. the genes involved in the biosynthesis of anguibactin are located on both the pjm1 plasmid and the chromosome. however, the genes for the outer-membrane receptor fata and the other transport proteins are only carried on the plasmid. ...	2007	17259629
characterization and pathogenicity of the zinc metalloprotease empa of vibrio anguillarum expressed in escherichia coli.	the extracellular zinc metalloprotease (empa) is a putative pathogenic factor involved in the invasive process of the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. it is synthesized as a 611-amino-acid preproprotease. the gene encoding empa (empa) has already been cloned and sequenced. in this study, empa was inserted into pet24d(+) and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). recombinant empa with his-tag was purified in a single step with a his-binding ni-affinity column to a purity >95%. in addition, pro ...	2007	17262176
characterization of ferric-anguibactin transport in vibrio anguillarum.	the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of a fatal hemorrhagic septicemia in salmonid fish. many serotype o1 strains harbors a 65 kbp plasmid (pjm1 encoding an iron sequestering system essential for virulence. the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the indigenous siderophore anguibactin are encoded by both the pjm1 plasmid and the chromosome, while those involved in the transport of the ferric-siderophore complex, including the outer membrane receptor, are plasmid-encoded. ...	2007	17287889
effects of different dietary levels of fish protein hydrolysates on growth, digestive enzymes, gut microbiota, and resistance to vibrio anguillarum in european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) larvae.	two fish protein hydrolysates (fph) were incorporated into four diets prepared for start-feeding sea bass larvae, at two different levels (10% and 19% of total ingredients): a commercial fph, cpsp, in which the molecular mass of the main fraction of soluble peptides (51%) was between 500-2500 da, and an experimental fph obtained by acidic silage of sardine offal, sh, with a main portion of soluble peptides (54%) ranging from 200 to 500 da. the diet with 10% of the commercial fph gave the best re ...	2007	17306580
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) cdna from turbot (scophthalmus maximus).	nramp (natural resistance associated macrophage protein) has been identified as one of the major candidate genes for controlling natural resistance and/or susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in vertebrates. however, few reports are available about the structure and function of nramp in teleost. we have recently isolated the cdna encoding nramp from turbot (scophthalmus maximus). the full-length cdna of the nramp is 2584 bp in length, including 69 bp 5' terminal utr, 850 bp 3' terminal utr ...	2007	17317252
species-specific pcr detection of the fish pathogen, vibrio anguillarum, using the amib gene, which encodes n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase.	vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of the fish disease vibriosis and is the most intensely studied species of vibrio. in the present study, specific primers and a pcr assay were designed to detect v. anguillarum. the primers were designed to amplify a 429-bp internal region of the v. anguillarum amib gene, which encodes the peptidoglycan hydrolase n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase. pcr specificity was demonstrated by successful amplification of dna from v. anguillarum and by the absence ...	2007	17326755
protective efficiency of dna vaccination in asian seabass (lates calcarifer) against vibrio anguillarum.	vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus vibrio. vibriosis caused by vibrio anguillarum produces a 38-kda major outer membrane porin protein (omp) for biofilm formation and bile resistant activity. the gene encoding the porin was used to construct dna vaccine. the protective efficiency of such vaccine against v. anguillarum causing acute vibrio haemorrhagic septicaemia was evaluated in asian seabass (lates calcarifer bloch), a common species ...	2007	17337208
transcription termination within the iron transport-biosynthesis operon of vibrio anguillarum requires an antisense rna.	the iron transport-biosynthesis (itb) operon in vibrio anguillarum includes four genes for ferric siderophore transport, fatd, -c, -b, and -a, and two genes for siderophore biosynthesis, angr and angt. this cluster plays an important role in the virulence mechanisms of this bacterium. despite being part of the same polycistronic mrna, the relative levels of transcription for the fat portion and for the whole itb message differ profoundly, the levels of the fat transcript being about 17-fold high ...	2007	17337574
the gene structure and expression of the non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein (nccrp-1) in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	the non-specific cell receptor protein (nccrp-1) serves an important function in target cell recognition and activation of non-specific cytotoxic cells in teleosts. atlantic cod nccrp-1 was identified in a suppression-subtractive cdna library and nccrp-1 from atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, japanese medaka and fathead minnow was found deposited in the genbank as est sequences. the predicted amino acid sequences of these receptors contain the characteristic functional domains representing nccrp-1 ...	2007	17368063
molecular cloning and characterization of a short type peptidoglycan recognition protein (cfpgrp-s1) cdna from zhikong scallop chlamys farreri.	peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp) specifically binds to peptidoglycan and plays a crucial role in the innate immune responses as a pattern recognition receptor (prr). the cdna of a short type pgrp was cloned from scallop chlamys farreri (named cfpgrp-s1) by homology cloning with degenerate primers, and confirmed by virtual northern blots. the full length of cfpgrp-s1 cdna was 1073 bp in length, including a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 59 bp, a 3' utr of 255 bp, and an open reading fram ...	2007	17428682
mrna expression patterns of the bpi/lbp molecule in the atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) are important components of the mammalian innate defence system against gram-negative infections. cdna encoding a protein related to mammalian bpi and lbp have been cloned from several teleosts including the atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). using real-time pcr an increase in cod bpi/lbp expression in whole blood and peritoneal cells was demonstrated one, two and four days after intraperitoneal injectio ...	2007	17442589
molecular cloning, expression of a peroxiredoxin gene in chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis and the antioxidant activity of its recombinant protein.	peroxiredoxin (prx) is known to be an antioxidant protein that protects the organisms against various oxidative stresses and functions in intracellular signal transduction. a prx gene was firstly isolated in the crustacean, chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis. the full-length cdna consists of 942bp with a 594bp open reading frame, encoding 198 amino acids. the molecular mass of the deduced amino acid is 22041.17da with an estimated pi of 5.17. sequence comparison showed that prx of f. chinen ...	2007	17481733
changes in immune gene expression and resistance to bacterial infection in lobster (homarus gammarus) post-larval stage vi following acute or chronic exposure to immune stimulating compounds.	real-time pcr was used to measure changes in transcript abundance of genes encoding important immune proteins, namely prophenoloxidase (propo gene), beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (betagbp gene) and a 12.2 kda antimicrobial peptide (amp gene) in post-larval stage vi (plvi) juveniles of the european lobster, homarus gammarus. gene expression was studied in both healthy plvi and following single or repeat exposure to a range of compounds claimed to induce immune reactivity. a single acute (3-h) e ...	2007	16569431
distribution of three genes involved in the pjm1 iron-sequestering system in various vibrio anguillarum serogroups.	gene sequences with high homologies to the two genes fata and fatd, associated with the pjm1 virulence plasmid-encoded iron-sequestering system (anguibactin) in vibrio anguillarum serogroup o1 strains, were found in a range of serogroup o2a strains and one nt 4 strain that either contained no plasmids or only small-sized plasmids. none of these strains contained the angr gene responsible for regulation of the anguibactin synthesis. dna sequences of presumed fata and fatd fragments from one o2a s ...	2007	16644168
gene transcript changes in individual rainbow trout livers following an inflammatory stimulus.	inflammatory stimuli elicit liver synthesis and subsequent release into the plasma of several proteins (positive acute phase proteins, app) with functions in innate immunity, tissue repair and restoration of homeostasis. to expand the basis for evaluating the degree of conservation of the apr in vertebrates and to assess the extent to which genes encoding both cellular and plasma proteins are affected, we profiled transcriptional changes in livers of individual rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss ...	2007	16762566
cloning and characterization of a novel c-type lectin from zhikong scallop chlamys farreri.	c-type lectin is a family of ca2+ dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders as a pattern recognition protein (prp). the cdna of zhikong scallop chlamys farreri c-type lectin (designated cflec-1) was cloned by expressed sequence tag (est) and race techniques. the full-length cdna of cflec-1 was 1785 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated regio ...	2007	16777225
sequence and expression analysis of an interferon stimulated gene (isg15) from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	suppression subtractive hybridization was used to examine gene expression in atlantic cod head kidney cells treated with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly i:c). one of the most abundant genes was isg15, showing 24-53% amino acid similarity to isg15 from both mammals and teleosts. the promoter was cloned by genome walking and three potential interferon-stimulated response elements (isres) were identified. analysis of the gene structure revealed a single intron in the 5' untranslated region (u ...	2007	16824598
multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the goal of fish vaccination today is to protect fish against multiple bacterial fish pathogens simultaneously using polyvalent vaccines. however, many immunological processes such as antigenic cross-reaction, antigenic competition, affinity maturation and antigen-induced suppression may affect the specificity, avidity and level of antibodies. consequently, the biological function of antibodies may be markedly different from that predicted by conventional serologic tests. here, we investigated t ...	2007	16849036
vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) in turkey.	vibrio anguillarum o1 was isolated from diseased cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, in the southern aegean of turkey with lesions and signs of vibriosis. gram (-), motile and curved rods from diseased rainbow trout were identified after physiological, biochemical and slide agglutination tests as v. anguillarum o1. koch postulates were fulfilled with the isolated bacteria. the antibiotic susceptible test results showed that v. anguillarum strains were susceptibility to amoxycillin, ampyc ...	2007	19086527
motility and flagellin gene expression in the fish pathogen vibrio salmonicida: effects of salinity and temperature.	the success of several vibrio species, including vibrio cholerae, vibrio anguillarum and vibrio fischeri in colonizing their symbiont, or causing infection is linked to flagella-based motility. it is during early colonization or the initial phase of infection that motility appears to be critical. in this study we used vibrio salmonicida, a psychrophilic and moderate halophilic bacterium that causes cold-water vibriosis in seawater-farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar), to study motility and expre ...	2008	18634865
the enhanced immune protection of zhikong scallop chlamys farreri on the secondary encounter with listonella anguillarum.	it is well known that invertebrates are devoid of adaptive immune components and rely primarily on innate immunity to defend against pathogens, but recent studies have demonstrated the existence of enhanced secondary immune protection in some invertebrates. in the present study, the cumulative mortality of scallops received two successive listonella anguillarum stimulations was recorded, and variations of immune parameters including phagocytosis (phagocytic rate and phagocytic index), phenoloxid ...	2008	18652907
the manganese superoxide dismutase gene in bay scallop argopecten irradians: cloning, 3d modelling and mrna expression.	a novel manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) was cloned from bay scallop argopecten irradians by 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of mnsod was of 1207 bp with a 678 bp open reading frame encoding 226 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence contained a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. sequence comparison showed that the mnsod of a. irradians shared high identity with mnsod in invertebrates and vertebrates, such as mnsod from abalone hali ...	2008	18674624
molecular cloning and characterization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) from chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis.	the proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene was cloned from fenneropenaeus chinensis (fcpcna). the full-length cdna sequence of fcpcna encodes 260 amino acids showing high identity with pcnas reported in other species. fcpcna expressed especially high in proliferating tissues of shrimp such as haematopoietic tissue (hpt) and ovary. in order to understand the response of hpt to bacteria and virus challenge, mrna level of fcpcna in hpt was analyzed after shrimp were challenged by vibrio anguillaru ...	2008	18678269
short-term overcrowding of atlantic cod, gadus morhua: effects on serum-mediated antibacterial activity and transcription of glucose transport and antioxidant defense related genes.	serum-mediated control of listonella anguillarum and transcriptional profiles of selected glucose transport and antioxidant defense genes, following short-term overcrowding in atlantic cod, gadus morhua were determined. fish were subjected to overcrowding by reducing the water level in the tank for 1 h and this was repeated thrice over a 12 h period. blood samples were collected before overcrowding (initial group) and at 2, 24 and 72 h post-crowding. the sera from fish obtained at 2 h post-crowd ...	2008	18682299
identification and characterization of epp, the secreted processing protease for the vibrio anguillarum empa metalloprotease.	the zinc metalloprotease empa is a virulence factor for the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. previous studies demonstrated that empa is secreted as a 46-kda proenzyme that is activated extracellularly by the removal of an approximately 10-kda propeptide. we hypothesized that a specific protease is responsible for processing secreted pro-empa into mature empa. to identify the protease responsible for processing pro-empa, a minitransposon mutagenesis (using mini-tn10km) clone bank of v. anguillar ...	2008	18689477
differential modulations of two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mrnas in response to bacterial and viral challenges in a marine teleost oplegnathus fasciatus (perciformes).	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) has been recognized as an invariant internal control for various gene expression studies due to its classical housekeeping role in the glycolytic metabolism. however recently, this enzyme has been proven to be a multifunctional protein involved in diverse non-glycolytic activities. in the present study, two paralogue isoforms of gapdh mrnas were characterized from a marine teleost species, rockbream (oplegnathus fasciatus; perciformes) and their t ...	2008	18692141
first report on antibody response of seriola dumerilii (risso 1810) challenged with listonella anguillarum.	the greater amberjack, seriola dumerilii (risso 1810) is a semi-pelagic fish and a worldwide species; it is considered a promising candidate for the diversification of mediterranean aquaculture. in this paper an experimental injection with listonella (vibrio) anguillarum was performed to study the immune response of s. dumerilii. antibody titres to l. anguillarum o1 were determined with indirect-elisa at different times over a period of 42 days. results showed that the antibody levels against l. ...	2008	18692575
immunohistochemistry of atlantic cod larvae gadus morhua experimentally challenged with vibrio anguillarum.	farming of atlantic cod gadus morhua is one of the most rapidly growing sectors of norwegian aquaculture. classical vibriosis caused by vibrio anguillarum is a problem in cod aquaculture. to prevent disease outbreaks, a thorough understanding of the infection route and the impact of the bacteria on the host is important. the intestinal tract, skin and gills have all been proposed as routes of entry for bacterial infections such as vibriosis. we aimed to further develop understanding of v anguill ...	2008	18714679
[isolation and physiological characteristics of lytic bacteriophages of vibrio].	vibrio is a widely distributed pathogen in aquatic environment. our study aimed at searching for possible biological control of pathogenic vibrio.	2008	18720843
application of the rpos gene for the detection of vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction.	vibrio anguillarum, an opportunistic fish pathogen, is the main species responsible for vibriosis, a disease that affects feral and farmed fish and shellfish, and causes considerable economic losses in marine aquaculture. in this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect v. anguillarum. pcr specificity was evaluated by amplifying the rpos gene, a general stress regulator, in six strains of v. anguillarum and 36 other bacterial species. pcr amplified a species-specific fragment (68 ...	2008	18786026
surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006.	the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ...	2008	18786028
immune responses and enhanced disease resistance in chinese drum, miichthys miiuy (basilewsky), after oral administration of live or dead cells of clostridium butyrium cb2.	clostridium butyrium cb2 isolated from chickens was tested as a potential fish probiotic in the chinese drum, miichthys miiuy. fish were fed live (cb), dead cb2 (d-cb) cells (10(8) cells g(-1)) or spent culture supernatant (scs), for 30 days and challenged with vibrio anguillarum or aeromonas hydrophila. survival was higher in both the cb and the cb-d fed groups, but the scs group was not significantly different from the control. after feeding live or dead cb2 cells, there was increase in phagoc ...	2008	18786030
cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde derivatives reduce virulence in vibrio spp. by decreasing the dna-binding activity of the quorum sensing response regulator luxr.	to date, only few compounds targeting the ai-2 based quorum sensing (qs) system are known. in the present study, we screened cinnamaldehyde and substituted cinnamaldehydes for their ability to interfere with ai-2 based qs. the mechanism of qs inhibition was elucidated by measuring the effect on bioluminescence in several vibrio harveyi mutants. we also studied in vitro the ability of these compounds to interfere with biofilm formation, stress response and virulence of vibrio spp. the compounds w ...	2008	18793453
in vitro evaluation on adherence and antimicrobial properties of a candidate probiotic clostridium butyricum cb2 for farmed fish.	to characterize the antimicrobial and adhesion ability of candidate probiotic clostridium butyricum cb2 for farmed fish in vitro.	2008	18795975
cd8alpha and cd8beta in atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus: cloning, characterization and gene expression during viral and bacterial infection.	cd8 is expressed on cytotoxic t-cells where it functions as a co-receptor for the tcr by binding to mhc class i proteins that present peptides on the cell surface. in this study we describe the cloning and sequencing of full length cdnas encoding cd8alpha and cd8beta from atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) and subsequent isolation and characterization of the cd8alpha and cd8beta genes. the predicted halibut cd8alpha and cd8beta proteins are similar to those of mammals and other fish ...	2008	18801441
isolation and structural characterisation of two antibacterial free fatty acids from the marine diatom, phaeodactylum tricornutum.	one solution to the global crisis of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds for clinical application. marine organisms are an attractive and, as yet, relatively untapped resource of new natural products. cell extracts from the marine diatom, phaeodactylum tricornutum, have antibacterial activity and the fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (epa), has been identified as one compound responsible for this activity. during the isolation of epa, it became apparent that t ...	2008	18813920
cdna cloning, characterization and mrna expression of a pacifastin light chain gene from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.	the pacifastin family, characterized by several conserved arrays of six cysteine residues, is a newly identified serine protease inhibitor (spi) family discovered uniquely in arthropods and plays important roles in multiple biological processes. in the present study, the full-length cdna of a pacifastin light chain (designated esplc) was cloned from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis by expressed sequence tags (ests) and pcr techniques. the 1036bp esplc cdna contained an 831bp open readi ...	2008	18817876
differential involvement of mussel hemocyte sub-populations in the clearance of bacteria.	mussels are filter-feeders living in a bacteria-rich environment. we have previously found that numerous bacterial species are naturally present within the cell-free hemolymph, including several of the vibrio genus, whereas the intra-cellular content of hemocytes was sterile. when bacteria were injected into the circulation of the mussel, the number of living intra-hemocyte bacteria dramatically increased in less than an hour, suggesting intense phagocytosis, then gradually decreased, with no vi ...	2008	18854215
phaeobacter and ruegeria species of the roseobacter clade colonize separate niches in a danish turbot (scophthalmus maximus)-rearing farm and antagonize vibrio anguillarum under different growth conditions.	members of the roseobacter clade colonize a spanish turbot larval unit, and one isolate (phaeobacter strain 27-4) is capable of disease suppression in in vivo challenge trials. here, we demonstrate that roseobacters with antagonistic activity against vibrio anguillarum also colonize a danish turbot larval farm that relies on a very different water source (the danish fiord limfjorden as opposed to the galician atlantic ocean). phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna and gyrase b gene sequences re ...	2008	18952864
screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with atlantic cod gadus morhua larvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system.	in intensive aquaculture systems, high concentrations of nutrients and high densities of fish larvae provide favorable conditions for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to flourish. we screened potentially pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from moribund atlantic cod gadus morhua larvae, pollack pollachius pollachius, coalfish pollachius virens, atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus, rotifers, algae and water samples from different hatcheries. three identical challenge experiments tested ...	2008	18998585
rpon gene, rapd profile, antimicrobial resistance and plasmids of vibrio anguillarum isolates from vibriosis infected penaeus monodon.	to evaluate the diversity of vibrio anguillarum isolates from vibriosis-infected penaeus monodon collected from east coast of india.	2008	19146525
decreased mortality of lake michigan chinook salmon after bacterial kidney disease challenge: evidence for pathogen-driven selection?	in the late 1960s, chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the green river, washington, were successfully introduced into lake michigan. during spring from 1988 to 1992, large fish die-offs affecting chinook salmon occurred in the lake. multiple ecological factors probably contributed to the severity of the fish kills, but the only disease agent found regularly was renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease. in this study, survival after challenge by r. salm ...	2008	19306612
characterization of probiotic carnobacteria isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine.	to characterize two probiotic carnobacterial isolates, carnobacterium maltaromaticum (b26) and c. divergens (b33), derived from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine.	2008	19552776
a novel serine protease with clip domain from scallop chlamys farreri.	the serine proteases with clip domain are involved in various innate immune functions in invertebrate such as antimicrobial activity, cell adhesion, pattern recognition and regulation of the prophenoloxidase system. a serine protease with clip-domain cdna (cf sp) was obtained by expressed sequence taggings (ests) method and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cf sp full-length cdna was of 1,152 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 63 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 81 bp wi ...	2008	17484057
nmr structure of mussel mytilin, and antiviral-antibacterial activities of derived synthetic peptides.	mytilin is a 34-residue antibacterial peptide from the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis, which in addition possesses in vitro antiviral activity. the three-dimensional solution structure of the synthetic mytilin was established by using 1h nmr and consists of the common cysteine-stabilized alphabeta motif close to the one observed in the mussel defensin mgd-1. mytilin is characterized by 8 cysteines engaged in four disulfide bonds (2-27, 6-29, 10-31, and 15-34) only involving the beta-strand ii. ...	2008	17628674
characterisation and expression analysis of the interleukin genes, il-1beta, il-8 and il-10, in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	the mammalian interleukins il-1beta and il-8 are important pro-inflammatory cytokines often used as markers of an activated inflammatory response, while il-10 is regarded as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation. few cytokines from gadoid fish have been described, and herein the sequence and expression of these interleukin genes are studied in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). il-1beta, il-8 and il-10 from cod show similarities in gene organisatio ...	2008	17875325
reactivation of the vanchrobactin siderophore system of vibrio anguillarum by removal of a chromosomal insertion sequence originated in plasmid pjm1 encoding the anguibactin siderophore system.	a chromosomal gene cluster encoding vanchrobactin biosynthesis and transport genes was identified in the vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 strain, 775(pjm1), harbouring the anguibactin biosynthetic genes in the pjm1 plasmid. in this strain only anguibactin is produced as the vanchrobactin chromosome cluster has a rs1 transposition insertion into vabf, one of the vanchrobactin biosynthesis genes. removal of this rs1 generating 775(pjm1)delta tnp, still resulted in the detection of only anguibactin i ...	2008	18005167
immunological alterations in juvenile pacific herring, clupea pallasi, exposed to aqueous hydrocarbons derived from crude oil.	the effects of acute and subchronic aqueous hydrocarbon exposures in the ppb range (0.2-127microg/l total pah) on the immune system in pacific herring (clupea pallasi) were examined through specific immunocompetency assays and a host resistance model using listonella anguillarum. short-term hydrocarbon exposure at the highest concentration significantly enhanced respiratory burst activity (rba) in macrophages and decreased plasma lysozyme concentrations, however, subchronic exposure (4-57d) redu ...	2008	18023514
development of a pcr protocol for the detection of aeromonas salmonicida in fish by amplification of the fsta (ferric siderophore receptor) gene.	the aims of the study were to evaluate a new pcr protocol designed to detect aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues and to develop a non-destructive method for the diagnosis of furunculosis. a set of primers (fer3, fer4), flanking a fragment of the fsta gene (coding for the ferric-siderophore receptor) was designed, showing to be sensitive and specific. when compared to pcr methods previously reported, the new protocol recognized all the 69 a. salmonicida strains evaluated, with no cross-reaction ...	2008	18035507
antimicrobial activity of an endophytic xylaria sp.yx-28 and identification of its antimicrobial compound 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin.	an endophytic xylaria sp., having broad antimicrobial activity, was isolated and characterized from ginkgo biloba l. from the culture extracts of this fungus, a bioactive compound p3 was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified as 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry spectral data. the compound showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against staphylococcus aureus [minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) ...	2008	18092158
a prophenoloxidase from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis: gene cloning, expression and activity analysis.	prophenoloxidase (propo) is a conserved copper-containing enzyme that plays important roles in immune response of crustaceans and insects. in the present study, the full-length cdna of a prophenoloxidase (designated espropo) was cloned from haemocytes of chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis by expressed sequence tag (est) and pcr techniques. the isolated 3549bp full-length cdna of espropo contained a 2040bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a putative propo protein of 679 amino acids, a 5'-unt ...	2008	18160310
isolation of putative probionts from cod rearing environment.	survival problems are encountered at early stages of intensive fish rearing and antibiotics are widely used to remedy the situation. probiotics may provide a potential alternative method to protect larvae from opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria and promote a balanced environment. this study was designed to search for new probiotics to target this critical period in cod rearing. potential probionts were selected from the natural microbiota of cod aquacultural environment. the selection was bas ...	2008	18599226
identification, cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin cdna of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	mammalian hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and a key regulator in the iron homeostasis. here we report the identification and cloning of a hepcidin cdna from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). the cod hepcidin cdna was predicted to encode a prepropeptide of 98 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 22 aa. a tentative rx(k/r)r motif for propeptide convertases was also identified suggesting a cleavage site located between arg(72) and gln(73). the deduced mature cod hepcidin sequence of 26 aa s ...	2008	18602479
a novel c1q-domain-containing protein from zhikong scallop chlamys farreri with lipopolysaccharide binding activity.	the c1q-domain-containing (c1qdc) proteins are a family of proteins characterized by a globular c1q (gc1q) domain in their c-terminus. they are involved in various processes of vertebrates and supposed to be an important pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity of invertebrates. in this study, a novel member of c1q-domain-containing protein family was identified from zhikong scallop chlamys farreri (designated as cfc1qdc) by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna end ...	2008	18603000
mhc polymorphism and disease resistance to vibrio anguillarum in 12 selective japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) families.	genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class iib was tested in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) for survival after challenge with bacterial infection. the material consisted of 6000 japanese flounder from 60 families challenged with vibrio anguillarum, which causes significantly different mortality in flounder families. five individuals from each of six high-resistance (hr) and six low-resistance (lr) families were screened for their mhc class iib genotypes usi ...	2008	18603444
identification and characterization of n-acylhomoserine lactone-acylase from the fish intestinal shewanella sp. strain mib015.	n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many gram-negative bacteria. we have reported that shewanella sp. strain mib015 degrades ahls. in the present study, we cloned the aac gene from mib015 by pcr with specific primers based on the aac gene in shewanella oneidensis strain mr-1, which showed high homology with the known ahl-acylases. escherichia coli expressing aac showed high degrading activity of ahls with long acyl chains. hplc analysis revealed that a ...	2008	18603799
molecular cloning, genomic organization and functional analysis of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.	anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) represents one kind of basic proteins, which binds and neutralizes lps and exhibits strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative r-type bacteria. the alf gene of chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis (milne edwards, 1853) (denoted as esalf) was identified from haemocytes by expressed sequence tag (est) and pcr approaches. the full-length cdna of esalf consisted of 700 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal-sequence aataaa, a polya tail, a ...	2008	18206230
intraperitoneal vaccination of atlantic cod, gadus morhua with heat-killed listonella anguillarum enhances serum antibacterial activity and expression of immune response genes.	serum-mediated reduction in bacterial count and expression of a number of immune response genes in the blood of atlantic cod, gadus morhua were investigated following intraperitoneal vaccination with heat-killed listonella (vibrio) anguillarum. blood was collected from the caudal vein of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated (pbs-injected) fish at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days post-vaccination (dpv). serum protein concentration and antibacterial activity of the serum samples were determined. whole blood w ...	2008	18226548
first description of serotype o3 in vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from salmonids in chile.		2008	18261037
molecular cloning, characterization and expression of heat shock protein 90 gene in the haemocytes of bay scallop argopecten irradians.	heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays key roles in the folding, maintenance of structural integrity and regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. in the present study, the cdna of argopecten irradians hsp90 (designated aihsp90) was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of aihsp90 was of 2669 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 2175 bp encoding a polypepti ...	2008	18282767
rpos induces expression of the vibrio anguillarum quorum-sensing regulator vant.	in vibrios, regulation of the vibrio harveyi-like luxr transcriptional activators occurs post-transcriptionally via small regulatory rnas (srnas) that destabilize the luxr mrna at a low cell population, eliminating expression of luxr. expression of the srnas is modulated by the vibrio quorum-sensing phosphorelay systems. however, vant mrna, which encodes a luxr homologue in vibrio anguillarum, is abundant at low and high cell density, indicating that vant expression may be regulated via addition ...	2008	18310023
a toll receptor from chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to vibrio anguillarum infection.	toll-like receptors (tlrs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of pattern recognition receptors (prrs), playing a crucial role in innate immune responses. here we present a toll homolog from chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis, designated fctoll. the full-length cdna of fctoll is 4115 bp including a poly a-tail of 16 bp, encoding a putative protein of 931 amino acids. the predicted protein consists of an extracellular domain with a potential signal peptide, 16 leucine-rich repeats (lrr), tw ...	2008	18321728
molecular cloning and expression of a novel kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor gene from zhikong scallop chlamys farreri, and the inhibitory activity of its recombinant domain.	serine proteinase inhibitors (spis) play important roles in host physiological and immunological processes in all multicellular organisms. a novel kazal-type spi gene was cloned from the zhikong scallop chlamys farreri (designated as cfkzspi) by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of cfkzspi was of 1788 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence aataaa and a polya tail, and an open reading frame (orf) encodin ...	2008	18353679
identification of bacteria from the normal flora of perch, perca fluviatilis l., and evaluation of their inhibitory potential towards aeromonas species.	pathogenic aeromonas sobria has been identified as a causative agent of ulcerative disease in farmed european perch, perca fluviatilis l. to study the effect of the normal intestinal bacterial flora of perch against a. sobria, we sampled 193 bacterial isolates from the perch digestive tract. the isolates were identified by sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene and their inhibitory potential against a. sobria was evaluated in vitro. nineteen of the strains isolated showed inhibition and were als ...	2008	18355180