Publications

[morphology of lysotypic phages of salmonella paratyphi b (felix and callow chart)].		1972	4110831
[results of phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b in the years 1966-1969].		1972	4144797
[hematogenous primary peritonitis caused by salmonella paratyphi a].		1973	4200505
treatment of chronic carriers of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.		1973	4202212
[experiences from an outbreak of salmonella paratyphi b].		1973	4208252
treatment of salmonella paratyphi a osteomyelitis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.		1973	4706995
[characteristics of the molecular-weight parameters of the highly-active large-molecule component of salmonella paratyphi b. endotoxins according to light-scattering and electron-microscopic data].		1973	4743474
[hepatic clearance of salmonella paratyphi b studies on an experimental model of the isolated perfused rat liver].		1973	4788783
immunogenic interrelationship between salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a.		1973	4282971
the geographical distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a and b phage types during the period 1 january 1966 to 31 december 1969.		1973	4632828
antigenic variations in a cholramphenicol-resistant strain of salmonella paratyphi b.		1974	4476144
growth of typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in intravenously infected mice.	the in vivo growth of salmonella paratyphi a, s. paratyphi b, s. paratyphi c, and s. typhi, as well as of an s. typhi-typhimurium hybrid, was studied in three different strains of mice. s. paratyphi a and b and s. typhi demonstrated very little growth potential in any of the intravenously infected mice, even after as many as 20 serial mouse passages. it was noted, however, that small numbers of viable s. paratyphi b and s. typhi persisted in the spleens of infected mice for up to 28 days. salmon ...	1974	4214784
salmonella paratyphi osteomyelitis. report of a case simulating a giant cell tumor.		1974	4207722
inhibition of pathogenic enteric bacteria by hyperbaric oxygen: enhanced antibacterial activity in the absence of carbon dioxide.	the antibacterial effects of 24-h exposures to high-pressure oxygen in relation to environmental co(2) were studied at 3 atm absolute (ata) and at 1 ata. eight gram-negative, aerobic and facultatively aerobic, pathogenic enteric bacteria (salmonella typhosa, salmonella paratyphi, salmonella schottmuelleri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli) were exposed as shallow-broth cultures and agar surface cultures. although broths suppl ...	1975	238466
recurrent wound sinuses after cholecystectomy for salmonella paratyphi.	several cases in which salmonella, spread by the haematogenous route, produced localised inflammation have previously been described in the literature. the infecting of an operation wound through direct contamination by salmonella has earlier been reported only once, in connection with appendectomy. the present case report describes a case in which recurrent sinuses infected by salmonella were formed in the operative wound.	1975	239621
effect of microorganisms isolated from the upper gut of malnourished children on intestinal sugar absorption in vivo.	the effect of microorganisms isolated from the upper gastrointestinal tract of malnourished children on intestinal sugar absorption was studied in rats in vivo. pure cultures of organisms were grown overnight in a nutrient broth and the resultant supernatant fluid which contained microorganisms in similar numbers to those found in the patients was used as the basic solution for jejunal perfusions which were done in anesthetized adult wistar rats. the substrate used was arbutin (p-hydroxphenyl-be ...	1975	1096588
surveillance of some infectious diseases among aircrew personnel in southeast asia.	a 2-year analysis of specimens among aircrew personnel in southeast asia is reported. stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria, blood smears for blood parasites, and sera tested for transaminases (sgot) and antibodies to entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii, chikungunya and japanese encephalitis viruses, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, leptospira sp. and pseudomonas pseudomallei. one to four specimens each were obtained from 537 adult males and 20 females. there ...	1975	1100040
treatment of chronic enteric fever with amoxicillin.	twelve patients with proven salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a bacteriuria and recurrent bacteremia associated with schistosomiasis were treated for four weeks with amoxicillin (250 mg four times daily). seven of the 12 patients were seriously ill and febrile before treatment. they showed a dramatic response, and, within three to six days of initiation of amoxicillin therapy, they were afebrile and much improved clinically. amoxicillin was rapidly and highly concentrated in the urine of ...	1975	811715
[obtaining additional agglutinins by mixing culture media of lymphoid tissues taken from animals immunized with salmonella paratyphi b].	culture media of splenic explants from chicken immunized with salmonella paratyphi b have antiflagellar agglutinin titers which vary with time. when the culture media coming from distinct cultures in the same series are mixed on the same day of the culture, the agglutinin titer sometimes rises and becomes greater than the highest individual titer.	1975	815049
[salmonella paratyphi a brought in by travellers and characteristics of the isolate in sugar fermentation].		1975	815453
renal biopsy in schistosoma-salmonella associated nephrotic syndrome.	percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney on eight nephrotic patients with schistosoma mansoni and chronic salmonella paratyphi a infection showed diffuse proliferative glomerular change in all biopsies. capillary basement membrane was normal. diffuse granular deposits were detected in the glomerular mesangial cells by direct staining with fluorescein labelled anti-igg anti-igm. no fluorescence was obtained with rabbit anti-salmonella paratyphi a. after treatment with ampicillin and niridazole, a ...	1976	827621
in vitro sensitivity of enteric bacteria to epicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and furazolidone.	strains of salmonella typhi (148) and salmonella paratyphi a (27) isolated from the blood of patients with clinical features of enteric fever were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to epicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and furazolidone. results from both the disc and tube dilution methods showed that greater percentages of the two strains were sensitive to epicillin than to the other antibiotics.	1976	985743
[various cases of acute gastroenteritis due to salmonella paratyphi c].	five cases of acute gastroenteritis due to salmonella paratyphi c observed in the province of trieste during 1975 are described. it is deduced from the clinical findings and the history in each case that this infection was imported, and favoured by the geographical location of the city and prior mutilating gastrointestinal surgery. the in vitro and in vivo effect of commonly employed antibiotics on this species is assessed.	1976	1023846
[microbial resistance to formaldehyde. i. comparative quantitative studies in some selected species of vegetative bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, bacteriophages and viruses].	the resistence of different microorganisms to formaldehyde was determined. as test objects served gram-negative and gram-positive vegetative germs (klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella paratyphi-b, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis), bacterial spores (bacillus cereus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis), fungi (aspergillus niger, candida albicans), bacteriophages (escherichia coli phages, t1, t2, t3), and viruses (adenovirus, poliomy ...	1976	190825
cefazolin in the treatment of acute enteric fever.	cefazolin was used in the treatment of nine patients with acute enteric fever proven by positive blood cultures. in seven patients the causative organism was salmonella typhi and in two it was salmonella paratyphi b. minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of cefazolin against the nine isolates ranged between 1.95 and 3.90 mug/ml. cefazolin was administered either intramuscularly or intravenously in a daily dose of 3 to 6 g for 11 to 16 days. the mean peak serum antibiotic con ...	1976	791088
invitro studies of the effect of bilharcid on urinary tract bacterial pathogens.	the antimicrobial effect of an antibilharzial drug "bilharcid" was tested, in vitro, against 51 different strains of bacterial species frequently causing urinary tract infection namely e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, ps. pyocyanea and proteus vulgaris. in addition, the drug was tested against one strain of each of salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a. b and c. minimum inhibitory concentration (m.i.c.) of the drug for each organism, and its bactericidal concentration were determin ...	1976	801712
[results of phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi-b in the years 1970-1973 (author's transl)].	between 1.1.1970 and 31.12.1973 3639 strains were typed with the aid of phage typing. of these strains 1793 belonged to s. typhi and 1846 to s. parathyphi-b. 40 s. typhi phage types were found. 9 of these occurred in a frequency of more than 1% (relevant to foci). these were e1 (25.7%) (of this e1a 19.7%, e1b 5.9%), a (16.6%), f1 (7.5%), d1 (59%), c1 (5.4%) d2 (2.3%), 46 (2.1%), 28 (1.9%). among s. paratyphi-b 24 phage types resp. varieties were found, 14 of these occurred in a frequency of more ...	1977	403709
salmonellosis in indonesia: phage type distribution of salmonella paratyphi a.	the distribution of phage types among 221 human strains of salmonella paratyphi a in indonesia was studied. approximately 50% were phage type 5, a rare type elsewhere in the world. most other isolates were the cosmopolitan phage type 1. the ratio of phage type 1-5 was compared for two cities on java, jakarta and yogyakarta. the ratios were significantly different, phage type 5 predominating in jakarta. the ratio of phage types among 10 s. paratyphi a strains isolated from jakarta river water was ...	1977	407296
isolation of salmonella paratyphi a from a processed meat product.		1977	562851
effect of enteric micro-organisms on intestinal sugar and fatty acid absorption.	the effect of micro-organisms contaminating the upper intestinal contents of malnourished children on intestinal absorption of 3-0 methyl-alpha-d-glucopyranose (3-m.g.) and oleic acid was studied in rats in vivo. oleci acid absorption was unaffected by non-pathogenic e. coli but decreased by e. coli 0111, salmonella paratyphi b., shigella sonnei and candida sp. this effect was probably explained by intestinal secretion diluting the test solution leading to a decreased diffusion gradient for solu ...	1977	603464
genetics of sensitivity of salmonella species to colicin m and bacteriophages t5, t1, and es18.	nearly all of 62 strains of salmonella paratyphi b were sensitive to colicin m and phage t5 but resistant to phages t1 and es18 and to colicin b. all tested s. typhimurium strains were resistant to colicin m and phage t5, and many were sensitive to phage es18. a rough s. typhimurium lt2 strain given the tona region of escherichia coli or s. paratyphi b became sensitive to colicin m and phage t5. we infer that the tona allele of s. paratyphi b, like that of e. coli, determines an outer membrane p ...	1977	324978
a study of enteropathogenic organisms isolated in the public health laboratory, lusaka.	a total of 328 specimens of stools were examined in the public health laboratory during january and february 1973. enteropathogens were isolated from 117 of these specimens. besides these, 12 strains of salmonellae were isolated from blood and 8 from urine. an occasional salmonella was isolated from the pleural fluid (s. paratyphi a) pus from the knee (s. enteritidis) and from the c.s.f. of an infant (s. paratyphi c.). salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a are the predominant salmonella sp ...	1977	328771
antimicrobial resistance and incidence of r factor among salmonella isolated from patients with enteric fever and other clinical conditions in madras, india (1975-1976)	the incidence of transmissible drug resistance among salmonella isolated from patients with enteric fever and other clinical conditions is reported. all of the salmonella isolated were studied for antimicrobial resistance. of the 336 strains, five were multiply resistant to drugs including chloramphenicol, and four of these strains transmitted resistance to escherichia coli f-lac+. multiply drug resistant e. coli were isolated from 12 patients receiving chloramphenicol, and in seven cases the e. ...	1977	336802
immunochemical relations of salmonella paratyphi c with the salmonellae of group b.	agar-gel precipitations of proteins from s. paratyphi c, s. paratyphi b and s. typhimurium against homologous and heterologous antibacterial sera, prepared in rabbits, demonstrated a strong relatedness between these species belonging to different serogroups. the findings explain and substantiate previous experiments in which high cross-protections were obtained in groups of mice immunized with proteins from these species and subsequently infected with s. typhimurium or its "in vivo" related s. p ...	1977	339608
genetic basis of vi antigen expression in salmonella paratyphi c.	analysis of hybrids formed in a cross between a salmonella paratyphi c hfr and an s. typhimurium recipient indicated that the structural genetic determinants of the s. paratyphi c vi antigen are located closely adjacent to the mel determinant, between this marker and pura. a similar location was indicated for the structural genetic determinants of the s. typhi vi antigen (the viab locus) by the results of a mating in which a hybrid s. typhimurium hfr bearing the s. typhi viab determinants was us ...	1977	68953
renal amyloidosis with nephrotic syndrome in two patients with schistosomiasis mansoni and chronic salmonellosis.	this report describes two egyptian patients who presented with the nephrotic syndrome and concurrent infections with schistosoma mansoni and salmonella paratyphi a. unlike similar cases previously reported from this unit, these patients did not respond to antimicrobial and antischistosomal therapy, and their renal biopsies demonstrated amyloidosis. these two case reports and several experimental observations suggest that chronic schistosomiasis and salmonellosis may lead to secondary amyloidosis ...	1978	102211
enteric fever caused by salmonella paratyphi c in south and south west africa.	this article documents 53 cases of salmonella paratyphi c infections in humans in the eastern transvaal (47 cases) and south west africa (6 cases). ninety-two percent of patients (49 cases) had enteric fever, 1 patient was asymptomatic, and 3 had localized urinary infections or were carriers. most patients were successfully treated with chloramphenicol and only 1 relapsed. the south west african strains were identified as s. paratyphi c var. east africa. the organism is probably spread by water, ...	1978	104399
salmonella paratyphi b in cattle.		1978	105453
[collective review: salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment].		1978	352661
[salmonella infection in children. epidemiological and clinical considerations (author's transl)].	an analysis of data on salmonella infection treated at the children's hospital "la fe", in valencia, from 1974--75 is presentd. a patient population of 211 selected cases were divided into two groups: gastroenteritis (gec), 155 cases, and typhoid-paratyphoid fever (t-p f), 56 cases. hospitalization was required in 79% of the cases. the following parameter were studied: locality and district of origin with respect to residence, conditions of hygiene, size of family: age, sex, seasonal incidence, ...	1978	697210
observations on morphological, cultural and biochemical changes concomitant with chloramphenicol resistance in salmonella paratyphi b.	it is possible to induce chloramphenicol-resistance in salmonella paratyphi b in vitro and to isolate mutants with different levels of resistance by different techniques. the resistance is invariably accompanied by definite changes in the morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. the degree of resistance and the conditions of isolation seem to influence the biological properties of the mutants. the higher the level of resistance, the greater will be the diversion from the normal.	1978	735559
[study of the structure and function of endotoxins with the aid of enzymes. 2. modification of salmonella paratyphi b endotoxin with lysozyme and lipase].	endotoxin preparations from the s. paratyphi b cultures, isolated by various methods, were treated with lysozyme (splitting of beta-1,4-glycoside links of lipid a) and lipase of the pancreas (splitting of complex ester links of glycerophosphatides). lysozyme and, to a lesser extent, lipase, were capable of partial depression of the toxic endotoxin function. the process of enzymatic detoxication coursed selectively, without influencing the serological and immunological activity of the preparation ...	1978	415457
isolation of salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella typhimurium from guineapigs.		1979	376438
[salmonella paratyphi b osteomyelitis. recurrence after 27 years].		1979	113922
peripheral gangrene in salmonella paratyphi septicaemia.		1979	116403
surface k antigen in salmonella paratyphi b.	it was established by agar immunoelectrophoresis that salmonella paratyphi b lysate contains a large number of soluble antigens which display a varying degree of serological specifity as well as different diffusion and electrophoretic mobility. salmonella paratyphi b was found to possess, apart from specific o and h antigens, a surface k antigen. this is a distinct antigen having strict serological specificity. purified k antigen displayed anodic mobility in immunoelectrophoresis. a detailed stu ...	1979	118212
[splenic abcess due to salmonella paratyphi a].		1979	118434
development of specific cellular immunoreactivity in typhoid fever.	development of cellular immunoreactivity to salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi-a was studied by the leukocyte migration inhibition test in 9 patients with typhoid fever and in 2 patients with paratyphoid fever. cellular reactivity could be demonstrated from the first days of the disease in all the subjects. the most pronounced migration inhibition was observed during the febrile period. it is suggested that specific cellular reactivity may play a pathogenetic role in typhoid fever.	1979	121028
[results of phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi-b in the years 1974-1978 from the federal republic of germany including berlin (west) (author's transl)].	in the period between 1.1.1974 and 31.12.1978 phage typing of 2058 strains of s. typhi and 1672 strains of s. paratyphi-b was carried out. 45 s. typhi phage types were found, 11 of these occurred in a frequency of more than 1% (relevant to foci). these were e1 a (21.6%), a (17.7%), f1 (5.8%), d1 (5.5%), c1 (4.6%), e1b (4.1%), d2 (2.5%), 40 (1.5%), 29 (1.3%), b2 (1.0%), 46 (1.0%). among s. paratyphi-b strains 23 phage types or varieties were observed, 11 of these occurred in a frequency more than ...	1980	6779437
a laboratory study of salmonella paratyphi-a isolated from an outbreak in 1979.		1980	6784242
immunochemistry of salmonella o-antigens: specificity of rabbit antibodies against the o-antigen 2 determinant elicited by whole bacteria and 3-o-alpha-paratopyranosyl-d-mannopyranosyl conjugated to bovine serum albumin.	the binding specificities of antibodies directed against the salmonella sero-group a-specific o-antigen 2 determinant were characterized by precipitation-inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests. two different antigen o-2-specific antisera were investigated: one conventional factor o-2 serum (elicited by whole heat-killed salmonella paratyphi a bacteria) and another elicited by the synthetic disaccharide 3-o-a-paratopyranosyl-d-mannopyranosyl (formula: see text) covalent ...	1980	6985605
salmonella paratyphi meningitis in infancy.		1980	7371575
enteric fevers in children. the importance of age in the varying clinical picture.	the experience with enteric fevers in 71 children hospitalized at the jordan university hospital over a 4-year period is reviewed. forty-one children were male and 30 female. salmonella typhi was the causative organism in 26 and salmonella paratyphi a and b, in the remaining 45 patients. twenty-five children were less than two years of age, and the remaining 46, older than two. gastroenteritis-like symptoms were seen more often in the younger age group, who also tended to lack splenomegaly and l ...	1981	7237881
chronic salmonella bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia treated with low doses of amoxicillin or ampicillin.	amoxicillin and ampicillin were compared at a dose of 250 mg twice daily for 4 weeks to treat salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a chronic bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia. eleven patients received amoxicillin, and 15 received ampicillin. concentrations of the two drugs were measured in the urine and serum on treatment days 1, 2, and 7. the urine levels of both antibiotics were maximal 2 h after administration, and minimal levels were 80-fold higher than the s. typhi minimal inhibi ...	1981	7325630
agglutination and bactericidal responses of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi.		1981	7016617
salmonella infections in singapore.	the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in singapore from 1976 to 1979 is reviewed. common vi-phage types were a, b1, b2, d1, d2 and e1. most of the paratyphoid cases were imported but an outbreak of paratyphoid a started in 1979 for the first time in singapore with a predominance of untypable phage type strains. most of the strains of salmonella typi and salmonella paratyphi a & b were susceptible to antibiotics, except for 4 strains of s typhi isolated from imported cases. infections caused b ...	1981	7025739
polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b. i. immunoglobulin production without dna synthesis.	a "new" polyclonal activator of human peripheral blood b cells, formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b, is described. this bacterium does not stimulate cell proliferation as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine but does stimulate a subpopulation of b cells to secrete large amounts of igm, igg, and iga in 7-day cell cultures. the immunoglobulins (ig) produced by cells responding to s. paratyphi b are not specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens. in comparison with other b ...	1981	6972434
a study of drug resistance among salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in an endemic area, 1977-79.	tests for antibiotic resistance were carried out on 198 strains of salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi a isolated from cases of enteric fevers. their minimal inhibitory concentrations for streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, furazolidine and co-trimoxazole were estimated by plate dilution technique. four strains of s. typhi and one strain of s. paratyphi a were found to show multiple resistance with a set pattern of resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and ...	1981	6973847
salmonella paratyphi a in hamsters concurrently infected with schistosoma mansoni.	the present work deals with the development of an improved animal model to study the association of salmonellosis and schistosomiasis. the animal chosen was the hamster, mesocricetus auratus, which can be readily infected with schistosoma mansoni. normal hamsters and schistosome-infected hamsters (sih) were given approximately 2.0 x 10(7) salmonella paratyphi a intracardially. it was found that s. mansoni infections enhanced and prolonged the growth of s. paratyphi a in hamsters. animals with du ...	1981	6786117
isolation of salmonella paratyphi b var odense in india.		1981	6802756
necrotising enterocolitis associated with salmonella paratyphi b type 4, 5.		1981	6185049
naturally occurring strains of salmonella paratyphi b unable to form adhesive (type-1) fimbriae.		1982	6131014
interaction of salmonella paratyphi a and schistosoma mansoni in hamsters.	it has previously been shown that salmonella paratyphi a associates with adult schistosoma mansoni worms in animal models and in patients with schistosomiasis, resulting in salmonella infections that are difficult to manage unless the helminthic parasite is eliminated. in the present study, characteristics of this association were explored. in vitro, fresh serum, but not heat-inactivated (56 degree c, 30 minutes) serum, from normal hamsters (nh) and schistosome-infected hamsters (sih) equally in ...	1982	6803604
[on propriety of distinguishing salmonella java from salmonella paratyphi-b].		1982	6819325
alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi.	fresh channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against salmonella paratyphi. components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with s. paratyphi. the bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after edta treatment. the addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classic ...	1982	6802686
polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b. ii. heterogeneity of b lymphocytes.	b-cell 'activation' in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (pwm), staphylococcus aureus strain cowan i, or formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b (spb) was evaluated by enumeration of cells secreting immunoglobulin (ig) and by quantitation of ig released into culture supernatants. a dissociation between these two values was found after day 6 in cultures activated with pwm or spb, suggesting that ig-secreting cells (isc) are heterogeneous in terms of ig secretion rate. generation of isc ...	1982	6979775
polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes. iii. cellular interaction and immunoregulation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells induced by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b.		1982	6980749
the geographical distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a and b phage types during the period 1 january 1970 to 31 december 1973. a report of the international federation for enteric phage-typing (ifept).	the frequency distribution is presented of the vi-phage types of salmonella typhi and of the phage types of s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b, examined by the national centres represented in the ifept from 1970 to 1974. the most common types encountered in this international study were a and e1 (= e 1 a), as has been previously observed. there was, however, a wide range of types, many of which are characteristic of particular geographical zones. the occurrence of such types out of their habitual ...	1982	7061837
[evolution of splenic lympho-reticular populations during the immune response "in vitro" in the chick (author's transl)].	the different types of cell population in organotypic cultures of spleen from chicken immunized with salmonella paratyphi b were enumerated. the kinetics of immunoglobulin and of antiflagellar antibody synthesis followed the cellular variations observed. two phases were generally observed: one was characterized by a considerable decrease in small and medium-sized lymphocytes by a lytic process and the appearance, by transformation and/or multiplication, of a large population of hyperactive macro ...	1982	7092172
antimicrobial resistance and r-plasmids of salmonella paratyphi a isolated at bombay.		1983	6862560
evaluation of sodium polyanethanol sulfonate as a blood culture additive for recovery of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a.	a total of 640 blood specimens from patients in an area endemic for enteric fever were cultured in parallel in tryptic soy broth with and without sodium polyanethanol sulfonate (sps). a total of 95 specimens were positive for salmonella spp., 54 for salmonella typhi, and 41 for salmonella paratyphi a in one or both bottles of a set. significantly higher rates of recovery were obtained from the sps-containing medium (p less than 0.01) upon subculturing blindly at 24 h and 3 days of incubation. su ...	1983	6311874
effect of human leukocyte interferon on invasiveness of salmonella species in hep-2 cell cultures.	the effect of human leukocyte interferon on the invasiveness of salmonella and shigella species in hep-2 cell cultures was examined. the intracellular and extracellular bacteria were identified by a combination of nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and uv incident light microscopy applied on the same microscope. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with human leukocyte interferon reduced the number of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella paratyphi-b bacteria per cell and the proporti ...	1983	6358041
surveillance for typhoid fever in matsuyama city during 1974-1981 and detection of salmonella typhi in sewage and river waters.	eighty-two cases of typhoid fever were found in matsuyama city in the period from 1974 to 1981. seventy-six cases were found to be infected with salmonella typhi other three with salmonella paratyphi a, and the remaining three were diagnosed only clinically. the strains of s. typhi isolated from these patients showed such a variety of vi-phage types as d1, d2, e1, m1, 53 and degraded vi-positive strain (dvs). the concurrent survey of the city sewage and river waters for typhoid bacilli was condu ...	1983	6632352
isolation and characterization of an outer membrane protein of salmonella paratyphi b: a mitogen and polyclonal activator of human b lymphocytes.	salmonella paratyphi b (s. paratyphi b) has been previously characterized as a human t-independent polyclonal b cell activator. to define further the nature of the bacterial structure responsible for these properties, we studied the effects of autoclaving and enzyme treatment of s. paratyphi b on its stimulatory capacity. we found that both autoclaving and papain treatment decreased the ability of s. paratyphi b to induce b cell activation, while trypsin treatment did not affect this capacity. n ...	1984	6370841
duodenal string-capsule culture compared with bone-marrow, blood, and rectal-swab cultures for diagnosing typhoid and paratyphoid fever.	the sensitivity of duodenal string-capsule culture (dscc) was compared to that of bone-marrow-aspirate culture (bmac), single 3-ml blood culture (bc), and rectal-swab culture (rsc) for isolating salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi type a from patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever. in 36 of 154 patients dscc could not be used, usually because the patient was too ill to swallow the capsule. in the remaining 118 patients dscc was positive in 57.6%, rsc in 35.6%, bc in 54.2%, and bmac in ...	1984	6421940
schistosoma intercalatum and relapses of salmonella infection in children.	twenty-five african children from libreville had concomitant typhoid or paratyphoid fever (salmonella typhi, 4 children; salmonella paratyphi a, 1; s. paratyphi b, 5; s. paratyphi c, 15) and schistosoma intercalatum infection. in 19 children treated for both infections, no relapse occurred. in the six others, antibiotics alone were given and the salmonella infection relapsed after 1 month. no relapse occurred after a second course of antibiotics together with treatment for the s. intercalatum in ...	1984	6439063
[treatment of typhoid fever with cefoperazone].	cefoperazone was given parenterally to 10 patients (9 woman and 1 man, aged 19 to 75 years) with positive blood cultures for salmonella typhi (9 cases) or salmonella paratyphi a (1 case). daily dosage was 0.5 g on the first day, 1 g on the second and 2 g on the third. five patients had 4 g on the fourth day. average time to defervescence was five days. there were no relapses. cefoperazone is therefore satisfactory for treating typhoid fever, especially caused by ampicillin- or chloramphenicol-re ...	1984	6462748
semisolid selective-motility enrichment medium for isolation of salmonellae from fecal specimens.	a semisolid selective-motility enrichment medium for the isolation of salmonellae from fecal specimens was developed which was based on rappaport enrichment broth. during a 7-year period more than 30,000 stool samples were tested. the medium showed a high specificity (95.1%) and sensitivity (80.3%) when compared with macconkey agar, ss agar, and brilliant green agar (after selenite-f enrichment [bbl microbiology systems]). furthermore, our isolation rate of salmonella species from fecal samples ...	1984	6470105
the combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin in the treatment of enteric fever.	thirty-nine patients with acute enteric fever received the fixed-dose oral combination of pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. thirty-seven (95%) subjects responded satisfactorily. no relapses or persistent faecal excretion of salmonellae were seen in the 29 patients followed up for 2 to 19 weeks. the treatment was well tolerated, no side-effects being recorded. in vitro studies revealed a synergistic interaction between mecillinam and ampicillin against isolates of salmonella paratyphi a.	1984	6569851
plasmodium falciparum products enhance human lymphocyte transformation by epstein-barr virus.	supernatants obtained from the in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes induced prolonged lymphocyte survival in culture for more than 8 weeks in six cultures and permanent cell lines were established in four of these. the cells in the latter showed lymphoblastoid features similar to those seen in parallel cultures to which transforming epstein-barr (eb) virus instead of p. falciparum derived substances had been added. cells from the same donors stimulated with other mitog ...	1984	6329564
imbalance in recruitment of igg (gm) allotype-producing b-cell subsets from blood to brain in multiple sclerosis.	in gm3/gm3 homozygous multiple sclerosis (ms) patients, in vitro production of the g1m(3) allotype of igg1 induced by the t-independent polyclonal b-cell activator salmonella paratyphi b (spb) was lower than that of normal individuals of the same gm phenotype. in contrast, lymphocytes from gm1/gm3 heterozygous ms patients responded to the same stimulus with a significantly increased g1m(3) allotype synthesis not observed in normal individuals of the same phenotype. the high level of intrathecal ...	1984	6333282
diarrhea associated with typhoid fever.	to study the pathogenesis of diarrhea occurring with typhoid fever, we selected 42 patients with diarrhea and blood cultures positive for salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a, but without diarrheal copathogens, for measurement of stool output and examination of fecal composition. the mean duration of fever before hospitalization was 9.5 days, and the mean duration of diarrhea was 5.8 days. all patients passed liquid stool on their first day in the hospital, ranging in volume from 4 to 172 ...	1985	3998508
coagglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis in the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever.	the efficacy of two methods--coagglutination (coag) and counter immunoelectrophoresis (cie)--in the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever was studied in parallel with blood and clot cultures on 114 clinically suspected cases. retrospective analysis showed that only 58 eventually were discharged and had typhoid fever. antigen detection on their sera was done by both methods, concomitant with antigen detection on culture supernates by cie. sera from 50 controls were subjected to both tests. agglutinati ...	1985	4014078
comparative in vitro activity of aztreonam and other antimicrobial agents against salmonella species.	the in vitro activity of aztreonam, the first monobactam antibiotic, was compared with that of 17 other antimicrobial agents against 79 strains of salmonella species. the microorganisms were isolated from hospitalized patients, surface waters and seafoods during the decade 1975-1984. they included the following species: salmonella typhi 63, salmonella typhimurium 5, salmonella wien 5, salmonella heidelberg 2, salmonella arizonae 2, salmonella paratyphi b 1 and salmonella enteritidis 1. the minim ...	1985	3836124
[determination of human b cell functions by salmonella paratyphi b and its clinical significance].		1985	3872953
utilization of d-tartaric acid by salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella java: comparison of anaerobic plate test, lead acetate test and turbidity test.	d-tartrate dehydrase of salmonella java is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme active in cultures incubated under the poorly aerated conditions of static culture but not in fully aerated shaken cultures nor on plates incubated aerobically. on plates of d-tartrate minimal agar incubated anaerobically the enzyme or the degradation products of d-tartrate are exported from d-tartrate-positive cells and are available to d-tartrate-negative bacteria. this may give misleading growth results when d-tartrate-posi ...	1985	3894507
specific proteins common to salmonella paratyphi b and c.	a serum prepared with proteins from salmonella paratyphi c precipitates indiscriminately the proteins from numerous heterologous salmonellae. after different absorptions, that eliminate all the antibodies induced against common e. coli and salmonellae determinants, a specific precipitation of a s. paratyphi c protein which is identical with that of an s. paratyphi b protein is evident in agar gel diffusion.	1985	3897799
recurrent intraabdominal abscess caused by salmonella paratyphi c.	we describe a patient who suffered from recurrent intraabdominal abscesses. the last two of the three abscesses were certainly caused by salmonella paratyphi c. the time interval between the first and the second abscess was 25 years, and that between the second and the third abscess was 20 years. single infection with this microorganism is very rare in israel, with only four known cases in the last 20 years. the annual frequency in the united states is 0 to 2 cases per year. in recent years, thi ...	1985	3919056
paratyphoid fever presenting with grand mal fits and cerebellar signs.	we report a case of salmonella paratyphi b infection in a man who presented with cerebellar signs and convulsions. later he developed vertebral osteomyelitis and a paravertebral abscess. he was treated successfully with chloramphenicol for 14 days and then long-term amoxycillin.	1985	3920327
use of temocillin in typhoid fever, hepatobiliary disease and other infections.	during 1980-1984, 51 patients with enteric fever (typhoid/paratyphoid fever and salmonellosis) biliary tract sepsis, and other gram-negative infections were treated with temocillin at 3 medical centres in bangkok, thailand. this article summarises the results in the 42 evaluable patients (14 males, 28 females); 10 patients with enteric fever, 2 patients with salmonellosis; 12 patients with biliary tract sepsis, and 18 patients with other gram-negative infections. overall, 86% of the patients wer ...	1985	3928321
conservation of dna sequences for plasmid-mediated citrate utilization within the enterobacteria.	southern blot dna-dna hybridization experiments with a cloned cit+ dna fragment as a probe showed that the plasmid-mediated cit+ determinants from four cit plasmids (r726, poh3001, poh3035, and poh30221) were all homologous. sequences homologous to the plasmid-borne cit+ gene were also found in total bacterial dna isolated from salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium lt-2, citrobacter freundii, atcc 8090, citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405, klebsiella pneumoniae i ...	1986	3941048
[comparison of the gruber-widal and elisa technics used to study salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi infections in patients].	in this study, antibody levels were determined against the agents of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in 168 patient's sera and 40 healthy control sera by gruber-widal and elisa techniques. we compared the results of these two techniques, and discussed. the needed antigens for both techniques were prepared from the local strains of the agents of these infections which were isolated in our laboratory. the widal's tube agglutination test was carried out by classical method, and the elisa technique wa ...	1986	3088401
evaluation of blood clot cultures for isolation of salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi-a, and brucella melitensis.	two types of clot culture, one with taurocholate-streptokinase and the other with bile as a culture medium, and two conventional cultures of whole blood were evaluated in parallel in an area where typhoid fever and brucellosis are endemic. each of the four systems contained 5 ml of blood or the clot derived from 5 ml of blood and sufficient broth to yield a 1:11 dilution of the specimen. of 542 patients studied, salmonella paratyphi-a was isolated from 61, s. typhi from 46, and brucella melitens ...	1986	3093527
in vitro activity of ofloxacin against 210 clinical isolates of typhoid salmonellae.	210 clinical isolates of typhoid salmonellae, cultivated from blood of patients with typhoid fever (108 strains of salmonella typhi, 99 strains of salmonella paratyphi a and three strains of salmonella paratyphi b) as well as 266 random clinical isolates of escherichia coli (n = 152), klebsiella spp. (n = 51) and proteus spp. (n = 63) were tested for susceptibility to ofloxacin, using an agar dilution method. all the typhoid salmonellae were found to be highly sensitive to ofloxacin with mics ra ...	1986	3102385
lobar pneumonia and pneumatocele formation due to salmonella paratyphi b in an infant.		1986	3109090
spurious sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of salmonella typhi.	several studies have identified thymidine excess in susceptibility test media as the cause of spurious resistance of various bacteria to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. we document the phenomenon in salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi-a and demonstrate its occurrence in 3 of 17 (18%) lots of mueller-hinton agars now in use in major medical laboratories in lima, peru. the findings are particularly significant because sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is an important alternative to chloramphenico ...	1986	3486190
salt-induced filamentous growth of a salmonella strain isolated from blood.	a strain of salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar paratyphi-a isolated from the blood of a febrile patient grew into filaments on a nutrient agar containing various salts, such as nacl, kcl, mgcl2, nh4cl, (nh4)2so4, or (nh4)2hpo4, at concentrations of 50 to 400 mm. the filamentous cells were nonseptate and multinucleate, and they had colony-forming ability. this mutant strain, however, did not show filamentous growth in liquid media which contained the same salts. on nutrient agar ...	1986	3700602
[serology, sensitivity to antibiotics and lysotypes of several strains of salmonella isolated in children hospitalized at the hospital center of libreville].	we have isolated 122 strains of salmonellae from stools and blood cultures among children patients from centre hospitalier de libreville. isolation was carried out from july 1982 to june 1983. during that period of time, salmonella paratyphi c was the most commonly found. we report here the isolation of a new serotype: salmonella libreville and the emergence of salmonella wien which was unknown in libreville area. lysotyping of s. typhi shows that three strains of a lysotype, subtype dakar, were ...	1986	3731363
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen.	a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was designed for the detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen. the optimal concentration of antibody for coating the plate was found to be 50 micrograms/ml. the optimum conditions for antibody coating and antigen and conjugate incubation were 37 degrees c for 3 h, 37 degrees c for 2 h, and 4 degrees c overnight, respectively. the enzyme-substrate reaction was allowed to take place at 30 degrees c for 1 h. the established e ...	1987	3818924
[prevalence of lysotype no. 3 of salmonella paratyphi a in peru].	sixty-nine s. paratyphi a strains isolated from peru were studied with the aid of the phage-typing system of banker. 55 strains (79.7%) showed specific lytic reactions of the phage-type no 3 and 12 strains (17.3%) those of the phage-type no 1; one strain was atypical and another untypable. all of these strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. these results are compared with the data of the scientific literature on the worldwide distrib ...	1987	3621392