Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| genetic and experimental comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolates from cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions provides evidence for differences in virulence. | there are marked differences in the clinical expression of diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the field. the objective of this study was to compare the sequences and pathogenicity of pcv2 isolates from field cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions. forty-two specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were assigned randomly to three groups of 14 pigs each. at 7 weeks of age, group 1 pigs were mock-inoculated with saline, group 2 pigs were inoculated with pcv2-4838 (isolate ... | 2006 | 16963751 |
| potentiation of porcine circovirus 2-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus is associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | this study investigated the potentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus (ppv) and found it was associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 or ppv alone or in combination (pcv2 and ppv). in vitro assay of tnf-alpha, obtained from alveolar macrophages coinfected with pcv2 and ppv, showed a significant increase in t ... | 2006 | 16966450 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 replicase binds the capsid protein and an intermediate filament-like protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important porcine pathogen that establishes persistent subclinical infections but may, on activation, contribute to the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). this disease is characterized by weight loss, respiratory or digestive disorders and enlarged lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion. the molecular mechanisms behind the development of the disease are completely unknown. in order to clarify functions of the different viral p ... | 2006 | 17030855 |
| renal tubular necrosis and interstitial hemorrhage ("turkey-egg kidney") in a circovirus-infected yorkshire cross pig. | a juvenile yorkshire cross pig with rapidly progressive acute renal failure was submitted for necropsy. there was marked edema and disseminated petechiation of both kidneys, producing the "turkey-egg" appearance that is characteristic of exotic diseases such as african and classical swine fever. microscopic findings included renal tubular epithelial necrosis with extensive interstitial edema and hemorrhage; lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and histiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis; and numero ... | 2006 | 17037624 |
| serodiagnostic comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance for the detection of antibody to porcine circovirus type 2. | this paper describes the cloning and expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in an escherichia coli expression system that was used to produce a fusion protein for subsequent immunologic studies: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and surface plasmon resonance (spr). polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the gene encoding the capsid protein from the dna of pcv2. the protein was then cloned into a prset prokaryotic expression vector. western blot analys ... | 2006 | 17042378 |
| the role of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs under field conditions. | we evaluated the effects of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in 930 pigs 53 to 54 d old in a grower/finisher barn with a history of pmws. the pigs were allocated to 5 treatment groups: 4 groups received a single intramuscular injection of respisure-one (a commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine; n = 197), emulsigen (an oil-based adjuvant; n = 172), alhydrogel (an aluminum-hydroxide-based adjuvant; n = 172), or physiologic saline (n = 2 ... | 2006 | 17042379 |
| combinatorial ribavirin and interferon alfacon-1 therapy of acute arenaviral disease in hamsters. | several arenaviruses endemic to south america (junin, machupo, and guanarito) and africa (lassa) are known to cause frequently fatal haemorrhagic fever. with the exception of ribavirin, which has demonstrated efficacy in cases of lassa fever, there is no other effective therapeutic for the treatment of arenaviral haemorrhagic fever. we have recently reported that consensus interferon-a (ifn alfacon-1) can protect hamsters from lethal pichinde virus (pcv) infection, which serves as a model for ac ... | 2006 | 17066896 |
| distinction between porcine circovirus type 2 enteritis and porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of intestinal tissue from 80 pigs with a clinical history suggestive of lawsonia intracellularis-associated diarrhoea. histopathologically, enteritis of varying intensity was diagnosed in 64 of the pigs. of these 64 animals, 34 (18%) were infected with both pcv2 and l. intracellularis. of the remaining 30 cases of enteritis, 23 (77%) were attributed to pcv2 infectio ... | 2006 | 17070535 |
| resistance of porcine circovirus and chicken anemia virus to virus inactivation procedures used for blood products. | virus inactivation procedures are used to prevent contamination of plasma-derived blood products with viruses. pasteurization or prolonged dry heat has proven effective against several enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and provides an additional layer of safety for plasma products. | 2006 | 17076851 |
| [enzyme immunoassay for detection of porcine circovirus type 2, by using the recombinant capsid protein orf-2]. | recombinant antigen orf2 from porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was produced, by using the baculovirus expression system, with histidine tags to allow purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. the purity of the protein was verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and its immunospecificity was confirmed by the immunoblotting test using reference pcv-2-positive and pcv-2-negative porcine sera and monoclonal antibodies. the protein was used as an antigen to develop an indirect e ... | 2006 | 17087066 |
| thymic granulomatous lesions in pigs. | rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. the lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. the cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-schiff (pas) positive. all cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent e ... | 2006 | 17099169 |
| porcine acute phase protein concentrations in different diseases in field conditions. | five acute phase proteins (apps) [c-reactive protein (crp), serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp), pig-map and albumin] were measured in pigs with naturally occurring infections by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and in animals with tail and ear bites, arthritis and other acute inflammatory processes. healthy specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were used as controls. in prr ... | 2006 | 17123428 |
| co-infection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in pig lungs obtained from slaughterhouses in southern and midwestern regions of brazil. | 2006 | 17169081 | |
| [detection of mycoplasma suis in clinical cases with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine]. | mycoplasma suis is a swine erythrocyte obligatory parasite. its presence may result in chronic or acute anaemia in different pig categories. it is considered that the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is caused by porcine circovirus type 2, but some aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown. pmws signs are impaired weight gain, anaemia and jaundice in 5 to 12 week-old pigs that suffer from immunosuppression and bacterial co-infections. the pigs with signs of these diseases on th ... | 2006 | 17152209 |
| genetic characterisation of australian strains of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2. | as post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has not been identified within australia, to determine if the absence of disease was associated with genetic differences between the strains of porcine circovirus (pcv) present in australia and those from countries in association with pmws. | 2006 | 17156322 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection in backyard pigs from mexico city. | pcv2 antibodies have been found in pigs from all continents. however, this finding has been mainly studied in domestic swine reared under intensive production conditions. mexico city, with a human population over 19 million in 2005, has both urban and rural areas. the pig production in its rural area is based on small family backyard farms. taking into account this rather unique form of rearing pigs, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence in backyard pigs from the rural ... | 2007 | 17157886 |
| phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in pmws and pdns korean pigs between 1999 and 2006. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with several disease outcomes in swine, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (pdns). over an 8-year period (1999-2006), we detected 36 pcv2 strains from pmws and pdns cases. complete genes of the detected pcv2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. the sequences encoding a putative capsid protein, orf2, of 233 pcv2 strains, isolated in korea and throughout the world, could be div ... | 2007 | 17706315 |
| status of porcine circovirus diseases in western canada. | 2007 | 17436902 | |
| epidemiological investigation of the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in japan. | to investigate the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in 692 weaned pigs with various clinical signs, commonly including wasting or weight loss, collected from 129 swine farms between 2000 and 2003. the presence of pmws was diagnosed by the detection of characteristic histological lesions and moderate to large amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigen within the lesions in multiple lymphoid tissu ... | 2007 | 17459833 |
| brain lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-pcv2) immunostaining was associated with cerebellar lymphohistiocytic vasculitis combined with hemorrhages (50 pigs) or with lymphohistiocytic meningitis (23 pigs) in pigs naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the animals originated from 12 farms in rio grande do sul, brazil. in total, 456 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs confirmed as pmws cases were necropsied. although most findings mimicked those extensively ... | 2007 | 17459844 |
| enhanced replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a homogeneous subpopulation of pk15 cell line. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has emerged as a major disease that poses a significant threat to the economics of global swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causal agent of pmws in pigs. currently, the prevention of pcv2 infection based on vaccines is limited, and the available vaccines are either killed viral vaccines or recombinant protein based vaccines and not cost effective. the pk-15 cells, which is widely used for pcv2 propagation, is not efficient ... | 2007 | 17889922 |
| mortality in pigs given porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup 1 and 2 viruses derived from dna clones. | 2007 | 17890775 | |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 1--diagnosis, transmission by animal contact]. | knowledge on the different ways of transmitting prdc pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv 2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds is of special interest for the development of biosecurity measures or the retrospective risk analysis in the framework of activities of the consulting veterinarian. in this literature review the current knowledge of the transmission of prdc-pathogens is summarized. since the assessment of investigations into pathogen detection in detail is in ... | 2007 | 17927073 |
| t lymphocyte epitope mapping of porcine circovirus type 2. | immunoreactive t lymphocyte epitopes within the orf1, orf2, and orf 3 products of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were mapped. for this, overlapping linear 20-mer peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to induce t lymphocyte proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from experimentally pcv2-infected pigs. after a preliminary screening of 31 (orf1), 23 (orf2), and 10 (orf3) peptides using pbmcs from 4 pcv2-infected pigs, none of the peptides app ... | 2007 | 17931109 |
| studies on the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs. | thirty-eight natural cases of aetiologically unclear non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs were studied retrospectively. brain samples were examined for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine enteroviruses (pevs), ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2), borna disease virus (bdv) and suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1) by molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. histological examination of the brains revealed var ... | 2007 | 17951563 |
| inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in pk-15 cells by small interfering rnas targeting the rep gene. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering rna (sirna), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. in this study, three sirna expression plasmids (ps-repa, ps-repb and ... | 2007 | 17467930 |
| solution structure of the endonuclease domain from the master replication initiator protein of the nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus and comparison with the corresponding geminivirus and circovirus structures. | nanoviruses are a family of plant viruses that possess a genome of multiple circular single-stranded dna (ssdna) components and are strikingly similar in their replication mode to the plant geminiviruses and to the circoviruses that infect birds or mammals. these viruses multiply by rolling circle replication using virus-encoded multifunctional replication initiator proteins (rep proteins) that catalyze the initiation of replication on a double-stranded dna (dsdna) intermediate and the resolutio ... | 2007 | 17472345 |
| evidence for recombination in natural populations of porcine circovirus type 2 in hong kong and mainland china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the family circoviridae, and is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. in this study, phylogenetic analyses of three complete pcv2 genomic sequences from hong kong suggest that natural recombination happened among different lineages of pcv2. a preliminary investigation of the parental strains of these potential recombinants was carried out using bootscanning. statistical significance of this recombination eve ... | 2007 | 17485533 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome associated with porcine circovirus 2 infection in a yorkshire pig. | we describe a case of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) in a 14-wk-old yorkshire pig purchased from a commercial farm for research use. physical examination of the affected animal upon arrival revealed multifocal, red, papular skin lesions on the rump, vulva, perineum, thighs, and lower hindlegs. at necropsy, gross lesions consisted of dermatitis, bilaterally enlarged kidneys and patchy pulmonary congestion. histologic findings included multiorgan necrotizing vasculitis with pro ... | 2007 | 17487958 |
| homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during dna replication in escherichia coli. | in this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in head-to-tail tandem (htt) [a partial copy of pcv type 1 (pcv1), a complete copy of pcv type 2 (pcv2) and two origins of dna replication (ori)] yielded three different double-stranded dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct (u), the unit-length pcv1/pcv2 genome with a composite ori lacking the plasmid vector (q(rc)) ... | 2007 | 17497233 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) revealed by analysis of the cap gene (orf-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, 19 of 870 samples from pigs from different brazilian states were found to be positive for pcv-2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fragment of 700 nt of the cap gene (orf-2) from the 19 pcv-2-positive samples were sequenced using three pairs of primers (fa/ra, fb/rb and fc/rc). maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using the 19 field strain studied here, 21 sequences from genbank and pc ... | 2007 | 17497236 |
| construction and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 carrying a genetic marker strain. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. to generate a genetic marker strain of pcv2, the full-length genome of the virus was amplified using pcr, and two copies of the genome were ligated in tandem to construct an infectious molecular clone. a sal i restriction enzyme site was inserted into the clone as a genetic marker, and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine kidney cells to generate mutant virus. t ... | 2007 | 17499377 |
| porcine circovirus 2 replication in colostrum-deprived piglets following experimental infection and immune stimulation using a modified live vaccine against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). although koch's postulates have been fulfilled for pcv2 and pmws, the severe clinical expression of the disease observed in field cases has been difficult to reproduce experimentally. some studies have demonstrated that immune stimulation associated with the use of some commercially available swine vaccines may trigger progression of pcv2 infe ... | 2007 | 17542965 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 interacts with porcine ubiquitin e3 ligase pirh2 and facilitates p53 expression in viral infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. we previously showed that a newly identified protein, orf3, plays a major role in virus-induced apoptosis and is involved in viral pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. to characterize the role of the orf3 protein in modulation of cellular function, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a porcine cdna library to find its interacting partner. we have isolat ... | 2007 | 17581998 |
| [monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars]. | sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of russia and in the kharkov region of the ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. wild boars in some regions of russia were shown to be carriers of aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. the classical swine fever (csf) virus genome was detected by polymerase chai ... | 2007 | 17601049 |
| association of myocarditis with high viral load of porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets. a case study. | during a period of 1.5 months, a newly established pig herd experienced a high number of mummifications and stillbirths, a high neonatal mortality rate, and many piglets with congenital tremors or hind leg ataxia. after clinical and histological investigations, the submitted animals were divided into 4 groups: mummified or stillborn (n = 6), live born with myocarditis (n = 5) (average age 22.8 days), live born without myocarditis (n = 14) (average age 20.0 days), and control animals from a diffe ... | 2007 | 17609345 |
| detection of neutralizing antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs. | the notion that postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs develop an impaired humoral response against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been reported in several studies. however, little information is available regarding the presence of neutralizing antibodies (na) in pcv2-infected pigs and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. the aim of the present work was to further characterize the humoral response, and in particular the production of na, in pigs with diff ... | 2007 | 17611048 |
| ontogeny of systemic cellular immunity in the neonatal pig: correlation with the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aetiology of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is poorly understood. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is an essential component of the experimental disease model for pmws: however, evidence from experimental and field studies indicates that additional factors play a critical role in the aetiopathogenesis of pmws. current candidates include (1) immune stimulation (for example, via co-infection or vaccination), and (2) a novel infectious agent. a prospective, longitud ... | 2007 | 17629574 |
| a new method to identify cell types that support porcine circovirus type 2 replication in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded swine tissues. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is detected in high amounts within the characteristic microscopic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs. in spite of recent advances on disease pathogenesis, the precise cell types that support viral replication are still a major issue of scientific discussion. in this study, a new methodology to detect cell types that support pcv2 replication was designed. for this purpose, two in situ hybridisation (ish) methods were develop ... | 2007 | 17640741 |
| performance of fattening pigs in a farm infected with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and porcine circovirus type 2 following sow and piglet vaccination with an attenuated prrs vaccine. | the purpose of the study was to investigate whether, on farms with both post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), the prrs vaccination of sows and their fattening pigs protects against these syndromes. in a farrow-to-finish pig farm with a history of prrs and pmws, 200 gilts and sows were allocated to one of two groups of equal size. the first group (c-sow group) was used as untreated controls, while the animals of the second gro ... | 2007 | 17650147 |
| survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in new south wales piggeries. | to determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is occurring in the new south wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | 2007 | 17685974 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs. | replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs, as measured by spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) and viral dna, was investigated following experimental infection. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), and tissue from bronchial lymph nodes (bln), inguinal lymph nodes (iln), tonsils, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and thymus from infected pigs on different days post-infection (dpi) were assessed. pcv2 replication differed dramatically between tissues from the same infected pig. the viru ... | 2007 | 17175030 |
| molecular beacon real-time pcr detection of swine viruses. | rapid and reliable detection of viral pathogens is critical for the management of the diseases threatening the economic competitiveness of the swine farming industry worldwide. molecular beacon assays are one type of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology capable of fast, specific, sensitive, and reliable viral detection. in this paper, the development of molecular beacon assays as novel tools for the rapid detection of aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, porcine c ... | 2007 | 17196673 |
| protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (pmws) associated with pcv2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. in order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of pcv2. here, we examined the protection of swine against pmws by the recombinant adenovirus. eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rad-cap and booste ... | 2007 | 17215092 |
| detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in united states swine herds. | in late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the united states. tissues from the affected pigs in kansas, iowa, and north carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was detected consistently among these tissues. phylogenetically, pcv2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, pcv2-group 1 and pcv2-group 2. whereas pcv2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the disease ... | 2007 | 17219018 |
| the levels of pcv2 specific antibodies and viremia in pigs. | porcine circovirus 2 quantification by real-time pcr and determination of virus specific antibodies using a peptide based elisa test was performed on a total of 400 serum samples. samples for antibody measurement and virus quantification were obtained from a conventional pig farm with a clinical form of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. samples were taken during the post-weaning period. seven litters of weaned piglets (6-25 weeks) were systematically sampled at 2-3 week intervals. por ... | 2007 | 17223145 |
| epidemiologic assessment of porcine circovirus type 2 coinfection with other pathogens in swine. | to identify important pathogens and characterize their serologic and pathologic effects in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected pigs in relation to pig age and type of swine production system. | 2007 | 17223759 |
| immunogenicity of empty capsids of porcine circovius type 2 produced in insect cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). orf2 protein (capsid) of pcv2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime-boost protocol. in this study, the orf2 gene of pcv2 was expressed in insect cells. the product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular pcv2 capsids. to evaluated the immunogenici ... | 2007 | 17225085 |
| solution structure, divalent metal and dna binding of the endonuclease domain from the replication initiation protein from porcine circovirus 2. | circoviruses are the smallest circular single-stranded dna viruses able to replicate in mammalian cells. essential to their replication is the replication initiator, or rep protein that initiates the rolling circle replication (rcr) of the viral genome. here we report the nmr solution three-dimensional structure of the endonuclease domain from the rep protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine. the domain comprises resi ... | 2007 | 17275023 |
| a stem-loop structure, sequence non-specific, at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus is essential for termination but not for initiation of rolling-circle dna replication. | a stem-loop structure, formed by a pair of inverted repeats during dna replication, is a conserved feature at the origin of dna replication among plant and animal viruses, bacteriophages and plasmids that replicate their genomes via the rolling-circle replication (rcr) mechanism. in this work, a head-to-tail tandem construct of porcine circovirus capable of generating unit-length genomic dna in escherichia coli was employed to examine the role of the stem-loop structure with respect to the rcr i ... | 2007 | 17306320 |
| the involvement of fas/fasl interaction in porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-inoculation-associated lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. | lymphoid depletion of various lymphoid organs is one of the major lesions in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the co-existence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pmws-affected pigs along with the more severe and wider range of lymphocyte depletion of lymphoid organs in pcv2 and prrsv dually-inoculated pigs imply that pcv2 and prrsv may interact in the pathogenesis of pmws. the mechanism for ... | 2007 | 17321702 |
| detection of pcv2 dna by sybr green i-based quantitative pcr. | we developed an assay for the detection and quantitation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) with the sybr green i-based real-time pcr. the real-time pcr provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 10(3) to 10(11) copies of dna per reaction. no cross-reactions were found in specimens containing pcv1. because of the high sensitivity and specificity of the assay with a relatively rapid and simple procedure, real-time pcr can be used as a routine assay for the clinical diagnosis of pcv2 infectio ... | 2007 | 17323427 |
| structure-dependent modulation of alpha interferon production by porcine circovirus 2 oligodeoxyribonucleotide and cpg dnas in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | dna sequences containing cpg motifs are recognized as immunomodulators in several species. phosphodiester oligodeoxyribonucleotides (odns) representing sequences from the genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been identified as potent inducers (odn pcv2/5) or inhibitors (odn pcv2/1) of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) production by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (popbmcs) in vitro. in this study, the ifn-alpha-inducing or -inhibitory activities of specific phosphodiester odns w ... | 2007 | 17329341 |
| a survey on finishing pig mortality associated with porcine circovirus diseases in quebec. | 2007 | 17334026 | |
| functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting replication factors of porcine circovirus type 1. | the replication proteins rep and rep' of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of dna replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. the pcv1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding site (mbs) of the rep and rep' proteins and an inverted repeat with the potential to form a stem-loop. in this study, both elements of the pcv1 origin were demonstrated to be essentia ... | 2007 | 17360750 |
| vaccination of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected sows against porcine parvovirus (ppv) and erysipelas: effect on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and on pcv2 genome load in the offspring. | the effect of different parvovirus+erysipelas vaccination schemes in pcv2-infected sows on pmws outcome in the offspring was investigated under experimental conditions. six pcv2-free sows were first infected oro-nasally with pcv2 two months before insemination (d0; "day 0") and then by the intra-uterine route at insemination (d62). on d21 and d42, vaccinated sows received either the two commercial monovalent vaccines, a1(ppv) and a2(erysipelas), or the bivalent vaccine b (ppv+erysipelas). in add ... | 2007 | 17374380 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in romania--short communication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). this report describes the first detection of pcv2 and associated diseases in a romanian swine herd located in transylvania. the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for pdns and pmws. polymerase chain reaction and in situ ... | 2007 | 17385564 |
| a novel method for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 replicative double stranded viral dna and nonreplicative single stranded viral dna in tissue sections. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen of swine, is the necessary cause of post weaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws); pcv2 infection is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome (pdns). current immunohistochemical (ihc) methodologies identify pcv2 antigens but are not capable of differentiating replicating virus from nonreplicating virion particles in tissue sections. in this paper, a combination of ihc using commercial monoclonal antibodies ... | 2007 | 17402607 |
| expression of porcine circovirus 2 orf2 gene requires codon optimized e. coli cells. | expression and purification of whole and nuclear localization signal (nls) deleted orf2 capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is demonstrated in the present study. gene coding for both protein forms were cloned into pdest17 vector and expressed in bl21 (de3)ai cells and in bl21-codonplus (de3)-ripl e. coli cells. the later cells were used to overcome difficulties with the heterologous expression of viral proteins in prokaryotic systems. whole 30 kda recombinant orf2 protein was successfu ... | 2007 | 17139551 |
| detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus and aujeszky's disease virus in cases of porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) in spain. | proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a severe form of interstitial pneumonia characterised by hypertrophy and proliferation of pneumocytes type 2 and presence of necrotic cells within alveoli lumen. many viral agents have been linked to pnp aetiology, with especial emphasis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). to gain knowledge on pnp causality, a retrospective study on 74 pnp cases from postweaning pigs from spain was carried out. coupled with histopatholo ... | 2007 | 17070659 |
| sow porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) status effect on litter mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | previous studies have described a "litter effect" associated with mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected farms. the main objective of this study was to evaluate litter mortality in different pmws affected farms and to characterize it in relation to three variables of the sow: parity, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infectious status and pcv2 antibody titres. the study was performed in seven farms that experienced pmws in nurseries and/or fattening areas. fifteen ... | 2007 | 17064740 |
| silencing of natural interferon producing cell activation by porcine circovirus type 2 dna. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of natural interferon producing cells (nipcs) impairs the induction of interferon (ifn)-alpha and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha by cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotides (odns), thereby preventing both their autocrine maturation and the paracrine maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (dcs). the present study shows that the pcv2-mediated inhibition of nipcs was mediated by viral dna, although it was independent of virus replic ... | 2007 | 17038051 |
| multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine cytomegalovirus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. | the use of porcine organs is being developed as a means to alleviate the shortage of human organs for transplantation. recommendations have been published for the microbiological specifications of organ-source pigs to reduce the possibility of a microorganism from pigs being inadvertently transferred to the recipient of the xenograft. the pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv), and porcine circovirus (pcv) are infectious agents in pigs that are considered to be of significance ... | 2007 | 17034871 |
| generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is an important economical disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. in order to develop an effective vaccine for pmws, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (prv) was generated and tested in piglets in this study. the pcv2 open reading frame 2 (orf2) gene was inserted into piecmv plasmid and co-transfected with prv tk-/ge-/lacz+ genome into ibrs-2 cells to generate a recombinant tk-/ge-/ ... | 2007 | 17005335 |
| molecular evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 genomes: phylogeny and clonality. | porcine circoviruses (pcvs) type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) show high levels of nucleotide similarity, but pcv1 is considered non-pathogenic and pcv2 has been associated with several disease outcomes in pigs, mainly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). after exploring different topologies of the origin of pcvs, it was concluded that pcv1 and pcv2 seem to have a common origin. on the other hand, pcv2 could be divided into two groups (1 and 2) and eight clusters (1a to 1c and 2a to 2 ... | 2007 | 16963096 |
| estimation of european wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment. | wild boars are important disease reservoirs. it is well known that abundance estimates are needed in wildlife epidemiology, but the expense and effort required to obtain them is prohibitive. we evaluated a simple method based on the frequency of faecal droppings found on transects (fbii), and developed a spatial aggregation index, based on the runs test statistic. estimates were compared with hunting data, and with porcine circovirus and aujeszky's disease virus seroprevalences and mycobacterium ... | 2007 | 16893488 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in sweden from an exotic to an endemic disease. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of pigs. pcv2 was first demonstrated in swedish pigs in 1993, although the virus was almost certainly present in pigs in the country before that. despite this, no signs of pmws were observed in pigs of sweden until the first outbreak was reported in 2003. the accumulated number of pmws-affected herds have increased via 16 (2004) and 41 (2005) to 123 in december 2006. of these ... | 2007 | 18265702 |
| effect of a porcine circovirus type 2 infection on embryos during early pregnancy. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on porcine embryos and their receptor sows during the first 21 days of pregnancy. hatched blastocysts exposed to 10(5.0) tcid50 pcv2 per ml (strain 1121, fifth passage pk15) and negative control embryos were transferred to pcv2-immune receptor sows at the 7th day of the cycle. two weeks after transfer (d21), the receptor sows were euthanized and embryos were recovered. they were assessed macroscopically fo ... | 2007 | 17719623 |
| health assessment of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) of the new york harbor estuary. | blood samples from 145 black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax, bcnh) chicks (mean age 3 weeks) were taken from four island colonies (goose (2004), canarsie pol (2005), hoffman (2004 and 2005) and north brother (2004 and 2005)) in new york harbor in 2004 and 2005 to establish baseline health reference ranges for this species and to compare health indices of birds reared on different islands. packed cell volume (pcv) and total solids (ts) did not differ among islands in either year. hero ... | 2007 | 17720576 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection: induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the gnotobiotic swine model of pcv2-associated disease. | groups (5 to 15 per group) of gnotobiotic swine were infected oronasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) at 3 days of age and then given 1 of 6 different commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) bacterins as either a single dose (7 d of age, 1 application products) or 2 doses (7 and 21 d of age, 2 application product). control groups received pcv2 alone (n = 9) or were infected with pcv2 and immunized twice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund' ... | 2007 | 17824156 |
| the emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (pcv-2b) in swine in canada. | since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent pcv-2 strain could be infecting swine. in 2005, 13 pmws cases were submitted to the quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and pcv-2 w ... | 2007 | 17824323 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-associated cerebellar vasculitis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with several syndromes in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. in the present study, a previously undescribed neurovascular disorder associated with a pcv2 infection is described. sixteen pigs showed clinical signs of wasting and neurologic deficits. acute hemorrhages and edema of cerebellar meninges and parenchyma due to a necrotizing vasculitis resulted in degeneration ... | 2007 | 17846234 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from pigs in high-seroprevalence areas in southeastern china. | increasing evidences indicate that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, the prevalence of pcv2 infection in swine herds in southeastern china was investigated by elisa and pcr, as well as the genetic characteristics by nucleic acid sequencing. seroprevalence of pcv2 in samples collected from 89 swine herds was significantly higher by elisa in post-weaning (54.1%) and growing piglets (49.9%) than that of ... | 2007 | 17851745 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease: update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) continues to be an important differential diagnosis on pig farms in the united states and worldwide. case trend analyses indicate that the incidence of pcvad is on the rise in the united states. accurate diagnosis is important in order to implement appropriate intervention strategies. pcvad can manifest as a systemic disease, as part of the respiratory disease complex, as an enteric disease, as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrom ... | 2007 | 17998548 |
| temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in ireland and northern ireland. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pmws was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. recently, reports of genomic studies on pcv2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of pcv2 exist.4,10 this report involves the results of a study on the dis ... | 2007 | 17998555 |
| descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws ) in new zealand. | investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. a definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in new zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. in addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease a ... | 2007 | 18059655 |
| lack of in vitro and in vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide on porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the presence of immunostimulating factors or concurrent infections seems to be crucial for pmws development. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a potent immunological activator and has recently been suggested to enhance pcv2 replication in vitro. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of different lps products on pcv2 in vitro replication of pulmonary macrophages (pms), and on the pote ... | 2007 | 18158728 |
| concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus and theileria annulata in a friesian calf. | concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus (blv) and theileria annulata was diagnosed in a friesian calf about 6 months of age at a dairy farm at the qassim region of central saudi arabia. the disease ended fatally with signs of liver and heart failure. there was anorexia, pyrexia, anaemia, generalized oedema and jaundice. haematology showed low rbc counts, pcv percentage and haemoglobin concentration and wbc counts. lymphocyte differential was high. examination of blood smears stained wit ... | 2007 | 18318346 |
| characterization and potential use of truncated pcv2 capsid protein and its polyclonal antibody for diagnosis of pcv2 infections. | as porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) orf2 encodes the major structural protein (capsid) that is closely related to the pathogenesis, the capsid (cap) protein could be used as a target antigen for serological analysis. the immunoactivities of the truncated capsid proteins containing immunogenic epitopes of pcv2 (cap2s) or pcv1 (cap1s) expressed in escherichia coli were described, as well as the characteristic of their polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis of pcv2 infection. western blot analysis revealed ... | 2008 | 18338582 |
| effects of fermentation products of ganoderma lucidum on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling pigs. | the purpose of this study was to test fermentation, for its products of a chinese medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, cultured by submerged fermentation for its effect on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets. in experiment 1, 72 weanling piglets were allotted to one of four treatments receiving these fermentation products (glf, expressed as amount of beta-glucans) at 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg feed for 4 weeks. the results showed that at a supplementation level ... | 2008 | 18341077 |
| a field evaluation of mortality rate and growth performance in pigs vaccinated against porcine circovirus type 2. | to evaluate, under field conditions, the effects of a commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on mortality rate and growth performance in a herd infected with pcv2 that had a history of porcine circovirus disease. | 2008 | 18341450 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome encodes three major open reading frames (orfs) encoding the replicase proteins (orf1), the viral capsid protein (orf2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (orf3). previous phylogenetic analyses of complete genome sequences of pcv2 from genbank have demonstrated 95-100% intra-group nucleotide sequence identity. however, although these isolates were readily grouped into clusters and clades, there was no correlation between the occurrence of ... | 2008 | 18343985 |
| development and validation of a duplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 and an internal control on porcine semen samples. | a duplex real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and an exogenous internal positive control (ipc) in porcine semen samples was developed. the ipc was included to monitor dna extraction and pcr inhibition and consisted of a mutated pcv2 plasmid clone which differed from the target pcv2 in the probe binding region and thus was detected by the use of a second probe with different end-labeling. the sensitivity, specificity and repea ... | 2008 | 18355929 |
| rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the amplification could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 64 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting the cap gene of pcv2. the lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional pcr, with a detection limit of five copies per tube of purified pcv2 genomic dna. no cross-reactivity was observed from the s ... | 2008 | 18355932 |
| development of recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles as an antigen carrier formed by the hybrid vp2 protein carrying immunoreactive epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. | virus-like particles (vlps) are non-replicative vectors for delivery of heterologous epitopes and induction of immune responses. in this study, a self-assembled porcine parvovirus (ppv) vp2 capsid protein [ppv:vlp-(pcv2)] carrying immunoreactive epitopes, residues 165-200 from the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) virus nucleoprotein was constructed. immunogenicity study was carried out with hybrid vlps derived from hek-293 cells infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors. to our knowledge, this stu ... | 2008 | 18378364 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudotype baculovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. | baculovirus has emerged recently as a novel and attractive gene delivery vehicle for mammalian cells. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging swine disease which results in tremendous economic losses. in this study, baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) was used as a vector to express capsid (cap) protein, the most important immunogen of pcv2, under the transcriptional c ... | 2008 | 18394722 |
| proliferative and necrotising pneumonia and severe vascular lesions in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | severe disease induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was observed in three pigs originating from a large herd affected by respiratory and digestive signs as well as wasting. proliferative and necrotising pneumonia (pnp) was diagnosed in two animals, while severe acute interstitial pneumonia characterised by the presence of abundant hyaline membrane in the alveoli and fibrin in the bronchioles was found in one pig. in all cases, large amounts of pcv2 antigen were found in each tissue sample ... | 2008 | 18401960 |
| detection and analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 in hungarian wild boars: short communication. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is considered to be a non-pathogenic virus detected in cell cultures, vaccines or products used for cell culture preparations, all of them of porcine origin. serological evidence and genetic studies suggested that pcv1 was widespread in domestic pigs. the presence of pcv1 in wild boars in germany was also described using serological methods. this paper reports the first detection of pcv1 in hungarian wild boars. samples were collected at slaughterhouses and proce ... | 2008 | 18401965 |
| expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in lactococcus lactis for oral vaccination. | diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections are becoming a major problem for the swine industry worldwide. the capsid protein (cap) of pcv2 is an antigen important for both early diagnosis and development of vaccines. in this study, lactococcus lactis was used as vehicle to deliver the pcv2 antigen in an attempt to develop oral vaccine. a cap gene with a deleted nuclear localization signal sequence (dcap) was cloned into an escherichia coli/l. lactis shuttle vector psec: ... | 2008 | 18406475 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in new zealand. | an outbreak of fatal or debilitating disease characterised by wasting and cutaneous lesions that usually necessitated euthanasia, occurred over a period of 4 months in pigs 14-16 weeks of age from a commercial 'farrow-to-finish' unit in the north island of new zealand. during the outbreak, 67 deaths were attributed to the condition, accounting for 2-3% of total production. the outbreak preceded the diagnosis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) on this farm. | 2008 | 18408798 |
| quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) within- and between-pen transmission in pigs. | pcv-2 within- and between-pen transmission was quantified by estimating the daily transmission rate beta and the basic reproduction ratio (r(0)) using a stochastic seir (susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed) model fitted on experimental data. within-pen transmission was quantified by using four groups of eight spf (specific pathogen-free) pigs (four infected and four susceptible pigs having direct contact). between-pen transmission was studied in two groups of 16 spf pigs (eight infected an ... | 2008 | 18413131 |
| a new acycloguanosine-specific supermutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suitable for pet imaging and suicide gene therapy for potential use in patients treated with pyrimidine-based cytotoxic drugs. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) gene is widely used as a suicide gene in combination with ganciclovir (gcv) and as a nuclear imaging reporter gene with an appropriate reporter probe. wild-type hsv1-tk recognizes a variety of pyrimidine and acycloguanosine nucleoside analogs, including clinically used antiviral drugs. pet of hsv1-tk reporter gene expression will be compromised in patients receiving nucleoside-based antiviral treatment. with the use of an acycloguanosine ... | 2008 | 18413388 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and pcv2 coinfection. | the objectives were to determine if pcv2 vaccination is effective in reducing disease and lesions associated with prrsv and pcv2 coinfection and if there is a difference between intradermal (id) and intramuscular (im) route of pcv2 vaccination. seventy-four, 21-day-old pigs were randomly allocated into one of six groups. on day 0, pigs were vaccinated with 2ml suvaxyn pcv2 one dose (fort dodge animal health, inc.) by intramuscular (vac-m-coinf) or intradermal (vac-d-coinf) routes. on day 28, pig ... | 2008 | 18430525 |
| systemic cytokine profiles of mice vaccinated with naked dnas encoding six open reading frame antigens of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | the objective of this study was to characterize the murine immune response to vaccination with dnas encoding each of six porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) open reading frames (orfs). after intramuscular vaccination with the naked dnas, blood was taken on days post-infection (dpi) 7 and 35 and subjected to bio-plex cytokine assays. orf3 elicited high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf-alpha (p<0.001) and decreased il-12 levels (p<0.001) on dpi 7, and was lethal for nine of the 15 vaccinat ... | 2008 | 18456294 |
| porcine circovirus-2 dna concentration distinguishes wasting from nonwasting pigs and is correlated with lesion distribution, severity, and nucleocapsid staining intensity. | the emergence of severe porcine circoviral disease in north america is associated with porcine circovirus-2 genotype b (pcv-2b), which has led to speculation that pcv-2b is more virulent than pcv-2a. the objectives of this study were to 1) correlate the pcv-2 dna concentration and lesions in wasting (wst) and age-matched healthy (hlth) pigs from 2 clinically affected farms, and unaffected (unfct) pigs from a farm with no prior clinical or diagnostic history of pcvd; and 2) to determine the initi ... | 2008 | 18460612 |
| evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate between two genotypes of porcine circovirus-2. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is associated with several diseases in pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a new genotype of pcv-2 was isolated from swine farms with and without clinical pmws in north america. the new genotype was differentiated in a separate cluster by phylogenetic analyses and is now named pcv-2b compared with pcv-2a for the previously known genotype. the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) ass ... | 2008 | 18460613 |
| the emergence of a new strain of porcine circovirus-2 in ontario and quebec swine and its association with severe porcine circovirus associated disease--2004-2006. | in the late fall of 2004 more severe lesions of porcine circovirus-2 associated disease (pcvad) than usual occurred during an outbreak of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) infection in ontario nursery and grower/finisher pigs. the lesions were of unprecedented severity and included diffuse bronchointerstitial pneumonia, granulomatous enteritis, vasculitis, interstitial nephritis, and new lesions of splenic infarction. some affected herds had up to 50% mortality. the outbreak correlated with the sudde ... | 2008 | 18505190 |
| reduction of pmws-associated clinical signs and co-infections by vaccination against pcv2. | the effects of a single-dose recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) open reading frame 2 (orf2) subunit vaccine were studied in a post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pig herd. a total of 1519 3-week-old piglets were allocated randomly into two treatment groups and either vaccinated against pcv2 or treated with a placebo. study animals were followed from the time of vaccination until the end of finishing. onset of pcv2 viraemia and clinical signs of pmws (wasting, co ... | 2008 | 18513842 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs imported from indonesia. | we have detected the presence of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2 in indonesian pigs imported to singapore for food consumption. a total of three viral isolates were identified, and to genetically characterise them further, their full genomes were sequenced. each genome showed a typical organization of pcv type 2, with the three isolates sharing similar genome lengths of 1767 nucleotide (nt) at high nt identities of 99.8-100%, further indicating that the viral isolates were quite homogeneous. seq ... | 2008 | 18514439 |