Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of rampant nucleotide reversion at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus type 1. | mutational analysis was conducted to investigate the involvement of the "loop-sequence" (which is flanked by a pair of 11-nucleotide inverted repeats) at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus type 1 with respect to viral protein synthesis, dna self-replication and progeny virus production. the results demonstrated that an octanucleotide (a1g2t3a4t5t6a7c8) embedded in the loop is essential for viral dna replication. similar to previous work with porcine circovirus type 2, this octan ... | 2005 | 15708589 |
| necrotising lymphadenitis associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs. | 2005 | 15736700 | |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and porcine pseudorabies virus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by multiplex pcr. | multiplex pcr was established to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) and applied to samples from 137 piglets exhibiting clinical signs of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pcv-2 dna was detected from all samples. moreover, 43 samples were positive for ppv but negative for prv; 11 samples were positive for prv but negative for ppv; and 35 samples were positive both for ppv and prv. these results suggests that pcv ... | 2005 | 15736858 |
| birth abnormalities in pregnant sows infected intranasally with porcine circovirus 2. | six pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally at 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). the pcv2-inoculated sows showed abortion and premature farrowing, whereas two uninfected negative control sows remained clinically healthy and farrowed normally. pcv2 antigen and dna were detected by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization, respectively, in lymph node, spleen, thymus, lung, tonsil and liver from both stillborn and liveborn piglets. simultaneous de ... | 2005 | 15737340 |
| experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs in sweden and denmark with a swedish isolate of porcine circovirus type 2. | an experimental model using 3-day-old snatch-farrowed colostrum-deprived piglets co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) is at present one of the best methods to study factors affecting development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a swedish isolate of pcv2 (s-pcv2) retrieved in 1993 from a healthy pig has been used in this model to reproduce pmws in pigs from northern ireland. this virus has been present in the swedish pig population fo ... | 2005 | 15737473 |
| detection of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) and avian polyomavirus (apv) dna in psittacine birds in italy. | beak and feather disease (psittacine circovirus) and budgerigar fledgling disease (avian polyomavirus) are viral diseases that can frequently affect captive psittacine birds. we designed the first survey to investigate the presence of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) and avian polyomavirus (apv) inside the population of captive psittacine birds in italy. samples were collected in 18 italian psittacine breeding centres and four trade centres over a 4-year period. a total of 1516 birds were t ... | 2005 | 15752264 |
| duplex shuttle pcr for differential diagnosis of budgerigar fledgling disease and psittacine beak and feather disease. | two common viral diseases in psittacine birds including budgerigar fledgling disease (bfd), generally called avian polyomavirus (apv) infection, and psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) have similar clinical manifestations characterized by feather disorders. a duplex shuttle pcr was developed for detection of apv and pbfd virus (pbfdv). two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 298-bp fragment of the t/t antigen region of apv genome and a 495-bp fragment of the capsid ... | 2005 | 15781996 |
| identification of pig circovirus type 2 in new zealand pigs. | interest in porcine circovirus has been stimulated by the recent emergence of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs and the potential use of pig organs for xenotransplantation in humans. porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is considered to be widespread in pigs but nonpathogenic. circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a similar virus but has been differentiated only recently as a separate type. high tissue concentrations of pcv2 are associated with lesions in pmws cases, but the etiologica ... | 2005 | 15808691 |
| lack of evidence of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 infection in piglets with congenital tremors in korea. | 2005 | 15816185 | |
| a review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases. | clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection in swine may result in several distinct syndromes and diseases including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns), reproductive failure, porcine respiratory disease complex, granulomatous enteritis, necrotizing lymphadenitis, and possibly exudative epidermitis. association of pcv2 with congenital tremor in piglets is still controversial. the extent of the involvement of pcv2 ... | 2005 | 15848776 |
| identification of viral pathogens in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets from cases of swine reproductive failure in spain. | the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of recognised abortifacient viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), in tissues from aborted fetuses and stillborn neonates in cases of late reproductive failure in swine. a total of 293 specimens (fetuses aborted in the last third of gestation and stillborn piglets) from 100 different cases of late-term abortio ... | 2005 | 15848788 |
| human circovirus tt virus genotype 6 expresses six proteins following transfection of a full-length clone. | the expression profile of the circovirus ttv has not yet been fully characterized. in this paper, we show that following transfection of a full-length viral clone of ttv genotype 6, each of the three virally encoded mrnas is translated from two initiating augs, and therefore, the ttv genome generates at least six proteins. localization studies of hemagglutinin-tagged versions of these proteins in fixed cells, and green fluorescent protein-tagged versions of these proteins in living cells, expres ... | 2005 | 15858033 |
| evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro. | the objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. after 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vir ... | 2005 | 15910918 |
| experimental infection of 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus. | this report describes an experimental infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in combination with porcine parvovirus (ppv) in 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with maternal antibodies to both viruses. two groups of four pigs each were inoculated with pcv2 and ppv. one of the groups received also a commercial inactivated vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia to evaluate possible effects of the stimulation of the immune system of pigs on the infection. another group of four pig ... | 2005 | 15916871 |
| immunosuppression as a feature of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | 2006 | 15919218 | |
| porcine circovirus 2 uses heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate b glycosaminoglycans as receptors for its attachment to host cells. | monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are target cells in vivo for porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) replication. the porcine monocytic cell line 3d4/31 supports pcv2 replication in vitro, and attachment and internalization kinetics of pcv2 have been established in these cells. however, pcv2 receptors remain unknown. glycosaminoglycans (gag) are used by several viruses as receptors. the present study examined the role of gag in attachment and infection of pcv2. heparin, heparan sulfate (hs), chondroitin s ... | 2006 | 16537616 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 viremia and seroconversion in naturally infected pigs in a farrow-to-finish barn. | porcine serum was assayed by 2 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols (nested pcr [npcr] and non-nested pcr) and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine when porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) viremia and a rise in the serum level of pcv2-specific antibody occurred in pigs raised in a large canadian farrow-to-finish barn. eight serial blood samples were collected from each of 40 pigs from 5 to 156 (+/- 1.5) d of age; 6 pigs were removed from the study for various reasons at ... | 2006 | 16548333 |
| [construction of molecular clone of chimeric porcine circovirus(pcv1-2) and identification of its infectivity]. | porcine circovirus type 2(pcv2) recently emerged as an important infectious pathogen for pigs in the world. unfortunately, there is no efficient method to deal with pcv2 infection until now. in this study, chimeric porcine circovirus molecular clone (psk2pcv1-2) was constructed by cloning capsid gene of pcv2 into the backbone of pcv1. pk-15 cells was transfected with psk2pcv1-2 and then cultivated in plate for five passages. mrna of pcv1 orf1 and pcv2 orf2 were detected in the fifth passage, but ... | 2006 | 16579487 |
| infectivity of porcine circovirus 1 and circovirus 2 in primary porcine hepatocyte and kidney cell cultures. | infectivity of porcine circovirus (pcv) 1 and pcv2 was examined in primary porcine hepatocyte culture by comparing that of pcv in primary kidney cell culture. the virus titer of pcv2-infected hepatocyte cultures was higher than that of the pcv1-infected hepatocyte cultures and the pcv-infected kidney cell cultures. the number of virus-positive cells was most abundant in pcv2-infected hepatocyte cultures as determined by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. the results of our data s ... | 2006 | 16520543 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in mice. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been implicated as the etiological agent of some diseases, mainly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). the capsid (cap) protein encoded by the pcv2 orf2 gene may be an excellent candidate for vaccination. in this study, the cap protein gene was amplified by pcr, and cloned into the transfer vector pshuttle-cmv. after co-transformation of pmei-linearized recombinant plasmid pshuttle-cmv-orf2 and t ... | 2006 | 16524646 |
| prevalence of swine torque teno virus in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs in spain. | the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of swine torque teno virus (ttv) in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-affected spanish swine. nested pcr (npcr) assays to detect two distinct ttv genogroups were applied. a significantly higher prevalence of ttv infection was found in sera from pmws-affected animals (97 %) than in sera from non-pmws-affected animals (78 %). whilst pmws-affected pigs (91 %) were more likely to be infected with ttv from ... | 2006 | 16528032 |
| two families of rep-like genes that probably originated by interspecies recombination are represented in viral, plasmid, bacterial, and parasitic protozoan genomes. | two families of genes related to, and including, rolling circle replication initiator protein (rep) genes were defined by sequence similarity and by evidence of intergene family recombination. the rep genes of circoviruses were the best characterized members of the "recrep1 family." other members of the recrep1 family were rep-like genes found in the genomes of the canarypox virus, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia duodenalis and in a plasmid, p4m, from the gram-positive bacterium, bifidobacter ... | 2006 | 16531508 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 infection decreases the efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-induced pneumonia is a major problem, and vaccination is used to reduce losses associated with prrsv. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes lymphoid depletion, and there is concern that this adversely affects the immune response. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pcv2 infection on the efficacy of modified live virus (mlv) prrsv vaccine. sixty-nine 2-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven groups ... | 2006 | 16893993 |
| identification of circovirus infection in three species of gull. | 2006 | 16905737 | |
| shedding of porcine circovirus into colostrum of sows. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate porcine circovirus (pcv) shedding into the milk of sows. colostrum was collected from 33 sows. pcv1 was isolated from four of 33 milk whey samples. pcv1 dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction in three of these samples and in three of 10 milk cell samples. pcv2 was also isolated and detected from every single milk whey sample. these results showed that pcv1 and pcv2 were shed into the milk of sows and suggest that pcv can be transmitted t ... | 2006 | 16907959 |
| rolling-circle replication of an animal circovirus genome in a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid in escherichia coli. | a bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of double-stranded porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in tandem (0.8 copy of pcv type 1 [pcv1], 0.95 copy of pcv2) with two origins of dna replication (ori) yielded three different dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct, a unit-length chimeric pcv1(rep)/pcv2(cap) genome with a composite ori but lacking the plasmid vector, and a molecule consisting of the remaining 0.75 copy pcv1(cap)/pcv2(rep) genome with a different composite ... | 2006 | 16912316 |
| nested polymerase chain reaction detection and duration of porcine circovirus type 2 in semen with sperm morphological analysis from naturally infected boars. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) protocol was applied to porcine semen to demonstrate the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shedding patterns and duration in naturally infected boars. sperm morphology analysis was performed on a subset of samples to determine if the presence of pcv2 dna in semen was associated with reduced semen quality. semen was collected serially from 43 boars representing 6 breeds, aged 33.9 to 149.3 weeks. of the 903 semen samples collected, 30 samples (3.3%) were p ... | 2006 | 16921878 |
| genetic diversity of the rep gene of beak and feather disease virus in south africa. | a study on the genetic variation of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) isolates in south africa was performed by amplifying and sequencing a region within the orf1 of the genome. six different bfdv isolates were found in 15 psittacine species from 6 regions within south africa, representing three unique isolates and three isolates that clustered into a budgerigar lineage (bg) previously described. | 2006 | 16932986 |
| porcine circovirus-2 associated disease in swine in ontario (2004 to 2005). | 2006 | 16933552 | |
| detection of pigeon circovirus in cloacal swabs: implications for diagnosis, epidemiology and control. | pigeon circovirus (picv) was detected in cloacal swab samples by means of a newly-developed, sensitive pcr. an initial investigation of 17 belgian racing pigeons aged up to eight months showed that rates of detection of 88 per cent and above were achieved using samples of cloacal swab, blood and bursa of fabricius. the sampling of 15 caged pigeons six times when they were from three to 31 weeks of age indicated that picv infections were more readily detected in cloacal swabs than in blood, and t ... | 2006 | 16950888 |
| genetic and experimental comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolates from cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions provides evidence for differences in virulence. | there are marked differences in the clinical expression of diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the field. the objective of this study was to compare the sequences and pathogenicity of pcv2 isolates from field cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions. forty-two specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were assigned randomly to three groups of 14 pigs each. at 7 weeks of age, group 1 pigs were mock-inoculated with saline, group 2 pigs were inoculated with pcv2-4838 (isolate ... | 2006 | 16963751 |
| potentiation of porcine circovirus 2-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus is associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | this study investigated the potentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus (ppv) and found it was associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 or ppv alone or in combination (pcv2 and ppv). in vitro assay of tnf-alpha, obtained from alveolar macrophages coinfected with pcv2 and ppv, showed a significant increase in t ... | 2006 | 16966450 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 replicase binds the capsid protein and an intermediate filament-like protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important porcine pathogen that establishes persistent subclinical infections but may, on activation, contribute to the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). this disease is characterized by weight loss, respiratory or digestive disorders and enlarged lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion. the molecular mechanisms behind the development of the disease are completely unknown. in order to clarify functions of the different viral p ... | 2006 | 17030855 |
| renal tubular necrosis and interstitial hemorrhage ("turkey-egg kidney") in a circovirus-infected yorkshire cross pig. | a juvenile yorkshire cross pig with rapidly progressive acute renal failure was submitted for necropsy. there was marked edema and disseminated petechiation of both kidneys, producing the "turkey-egg" appearance that is characteristic of exotic diseases such as african and classical swine fever. microscopic findings included renal tubular epithelial necrosis with extensive interstitial edema and hemorrhage; lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and histiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis; and numero ... | 2006 | 17037624 |
| detection and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from psittacine birds in taiwan. | avian polyomavirus (apv) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (pbfdv) are the most common viral diseases of psittacine birds. in taiwan, however, the existence of these viruses in psittacine birds has not been established. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methodology was therefore employed to ascertain whether apv and pbfdv genomes were present in isolates from psittacine birds of taiwan. a total of 165 psittacine birds belonging to 22 genera were examined between 2002 and 2005. findings ... | 2006 | 17039833 |
| serodiagnostic comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance for the detection of antibody to porcine circovirus type 2. | this paper describes the cloning and expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in an escherichia coli expression system that was used to produce a fusion protein for subsequent immunologic studies: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and surface plasmon resonance (spr). polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the gene encoding the capsid protein from the dna of pcv2. the protein was then cloned into a prset prokaryotic expression vector. western blot analys ... | 2006 | 17042378 |
| the role of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs under field conditions. | we evaluated the effects of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in 930 pigs 53 to 54 d old in a grower/finisher barn with a history of pmws. the pigs were allocated to 5 treatment groups: 4 groups received a single intramuscular injection of respisure-one (a commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine; n = 197), emulsigen (an oil-based adjuvant; n = 172), alhydrogel (an aluminum-hydroxide-based adjuvant; n = 172), or physiologic saline (n = 2 ... | 2006 | 17042379 |
| swine and circovirus. | in the 1990s post-weaning, multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) emerged in n. america and europe as a major disease problem with significant welfare and economic consequences for pig producers. the disease, characterised by wasting, respiratory, enteric and lymphoid system problems in pigs of 4-16 weeks of age, has since spread so that today it has a global distribution. pcv-2 is consistently associated with pmws, is more abundant in association with pmws and is considered by many to be the ca ... | 2006 | 17058486 |
| resistance of porcine circovirus and chicken anemia virus to virus inactivation procedures used for blood products. | virus inactivation procedures are used to prevent contamination of plasma-derived blood products with viruses. pasteurization or prolonged dry heat has proven effective against several enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and provides an additional layer of safety for plasma products. | 2006 | 17076851 |
| [enzyme immunoassay for detection of porcine circovirus type 2, by using the recombinant capsid protein orf-2]. | recombinant antigen orf2 from porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was produced, by using the baculovirus expression system, with histidine tags to allow purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. the purity of the protein was verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and its immunospecificity was confirmed by the immunoblotting test using reference pcv-2-positive and pcv-2-negative porcine sera and monoclonal antibodies. the protein was used as an antigen to develop an indirect e ... | 2006 | 17087066 |
| thymic granulomatous lesions in pigs. | rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. the lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. the cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-schiff (pas) positive. all cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent e ... | 2006 | 17099169 |
| serological diagnosis of goose circovirus infections. | infections with goose circovirus (gocv) are associated with growth retardation and developmental problems in farmed geese. an indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting virus-specific serum antibody was developed for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. in the absence of a method for growing gocv in cell culture, the assay was based on the reaction of antibodies with the gocv capsid protein produced within baby hamster kidney cells using the eukaryotic semliki forest virus expression ve ... | 2006 | 17121739 |
| porcine acute phase protein concentrations in different diseases in field conditions. | five acute phase proteins (apps) [c-reactive protein (crp), serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp), pig-map and albumin] were measured in pigs with naturally occurring infections by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and in animals with tail and ear bites, arthritis and other acute inflammatory processes. healthy specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were used as controls. in prr ... | 2006 | 17123428 |
| co-infection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in pig lungs obtained from slaughterhouses in southern and midwestern regions of brazil. | 2006 | 17169081 | |
| distinction between porcine circovirus type 2 enteritis and porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of intestinal tissue from 80 pigs with a clinical history suggestive of lawsonia intracellularis-associated diarrhoea. histopathologically, enteritis of varying intensity was diagnosed in 64 of the pigs. of these 64 animals, 34 (18%) were infected with both pcv2 and l. intracellularis. of the remaining 30 cases of enteritis, 23 (77%) were attributed to pcv2 infectio ... | 2006 | 17070535 |
| [detection of mycoplasma suis in clinical cases with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine]. | mycoplasma suis is a swine erythrocyte obligatory parasite. its presence may result in chronic or acute anaemia in different pig categories. it is considered that the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is caused by porcine circovirus type 2, but some aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown. pmws signs are impaired weight gain, anaemia and jaundice in 5 to 12 week-old pigs that suffer from immunosuppression and bacterial co-infections. the pigs with signs of these diseases on th ... | 2006 | 17152209 |
| genetic characterisation of australian strains of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2. | as post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has not been identified within australia, to determine if the absence of disease was associated with genetic differences between the strains of porcine circovirus (pcv) present in australia and those from countries in association with pmws. | 2006 | 17156322 |
| identification of a novel circovirus in australian ravens (corvus coronoides) with feather disease. | the complete genome of a novel circovirus isolated from an australian raven (corvus coronoides) with feather lesions similar to those that occur in psittacine beak and feather disease is reported. degenerate polymerase chain reaction primers were designed to amplify and sequence novel circovirus dna from affected feathers. sequence analysis indicated that the tentatively named raven circovirus (racv) was 1898 nucleotides in size with two major open reading frames synonymous with other avian circ ... | 2006 | 16595298 |
| genome of a novel circovirus of starlings, amplified by multiply primed rolling-circle amplification. | the genus circovirus comprises small non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded dna genome. by using pcr with degenerate primers, a novel circovirus (starling circovirus, stcv) was detected in spleen samples of wild starlings (sturnus vulgaris and sturnus unicolor) found dead during an epidemic outbreak of septicaemic salmonellosis in northeastern spain. using a specific pcr, stcv was also detected in apparently healthy birds from the same population. the genome was amplified using mu ... | 2006 | 16603520 |
| a gene similar to the human hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (rhamm) gene is upregulated during porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | little is known on the cellular events triggered by the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the differential display reverse-transcription pcr (ddrt-pcr) was used to identify cellular target molecules in lymph node tissue that were regulated in pmws. comparative profile analysis of a pool of lymph node tissues from pmws and healthy animals showed that some transcripts were up-regulated in pmws. bacterial recombinant clones containing up-regulated tr ... | 2006 | 16604446 |
| [spread of post-weaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws) in europe]. | 2006 | 16613237 | |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction procedure for detection and differentiation of duck and goose circovirus. | this article reports the complete nucleotide sequences of four duck circovirus (ducv) isolates from sick ducks in taiwan and development of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection and differentiation of goose circovirus (gocv) and ducv. sequence comparison showed that taiwanese ducv isolates had 82.5%-83.8% nucleotide sequence identity to the german and north american ducv isolates. this is the first report on the presence of ducv and its associated diseases outside germany. a pcr test w ... | 2006 | 16617989 |
| the effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus-induced enteritis in preweaning piglets. | the effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv)-induced enteritis were examined in neonatal piglets. six pregnant sows were randomly allocated to an infected (n=3) or control group (n=3). three pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with 6 ml of tissue culture fluid containing 1.2 x 10(5) tissue culture infective doses 50% (tcid(50))/ml of pcv2 strain snuvr000470 three weeks before the expected farrowing date. three control ... | 2006 | 16624710 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial pig vaccines using polymerase chain reaction. | the absence of extraneous viruses is a requirement in the quality control of vaccines for veterinary use in the european pharmacopoeia. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) was evaluated in 18 commercial porcine vaccines. since vaccine components may contain pcr enhancers or inhibitors, 13 of the studied vaccines (used as diluents) were subsequently spiked with different dilutions of pcv2 and tested by pcr. although pcv2 ... | 2006 | 16624728 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces porcine circovirus type 2 replication in swine alveolar macrophages. | monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). from tissues of field pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear pcv2 signals, including antigens and nucleic acid, were easily detected in the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. however, there was a high incidence of intracytoplasmic pcv2-positive signals, but lack of intranuclear signals and pcv2 replication in these cells in vitro. co ... | 2006 | 16626898 |
| the need for continuing vigilance: addressing the threat for transmission of blood-borne infectious disease. | as international travel and human encroachment into previously isolated areas have increased, so too has the potential for the emergence of new infectious diseases. populations likely to be susceptible to new infectious diseases have also increased in size. the past three decades have seen outbreaks of diseases caused by parvoviruses, nipah virus, circoviruses, and prions. infectious pathogens such as these are formidable opponents; they can adapt to new hosts or cause variant diseases within ne ... | 2006 | 16631823 |
| 1h, 13c, and 15n nmr assignment of the rep protein nuclease domain from the porcine circovirus pcv2. | 2006 | 16636755 | |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 is involved in viral pathogenesis in vivo. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. we previously showed that a novel identified protein, orf3, was not essential for pcv2 replication in cultured pk15 cells and played a major role in virus-induced apoptosis. to evaluate the role of the orf3 protein in viral pathogenesis in vivo, we inoculated 8-week-old balb/c mice that have been developed for pcv2 replication with orf3-deficient mutant pcv2 ( ... | 2006 | 16641298 |
| infection of pigs in ireland with lymphotropic gamma-herpesviruses and relationship to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | three species of porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (plhvs) have been described but there are few reports on the distribution and prevalence of these viruses in domestic pigs. we aimed to determine the plhv status of irish commercial pig herds, and to this end spleens taken from 110 healthy adult pigs sourced from 22 geographically distributed farms in ireland were analysed for plhv dna using novel species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays. we now report that plhv infection is widespread ... | 2006 | 16672182 |
| evidence of breed-dependent differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type-2-associated disease and lesions. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been confirmed as the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). however, in the field, pmws is seen only in a small percentage of pigs infected with pcv2. the overall objective of the study reported here was to determine whether host genetic differences in the susceptibility to pcv2-associated disease exist among selected breeds of pigs. this study included duroc (n = 23), landrace (n = 19), and large white (n = 21) pigs. the pigs we ... | 2006 | 16672575 |
| occurrence of swine salmonellosis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs concurrently infected with porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | fourteen diseased pigs from four farms in which there had been an outbreak of salmonellosis were investigated. granulomatous inflammation with depletion of lymphocytes was observed in the swollen lymph nodes in these pigs. antigens to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were immunolabeled in the lesions along with detection of viral dna as pcv2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in addition, antigens to porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) were immunodetected in the lungs and sa ... | 2006 | 16679733 |
| viral infections in pigeons. | this review provides a current update on the major viral diseases of the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica), based on scientific reports and clinical experience. paramyxovirus 1, adenovirus, rotavirus, herpesvirus 1, poxvirus and circovirus infections are described according to common clinical signs and target tissues. since pigeons are sometimes treated as if they were poultry, the review also summarises the common viral infections of poultry for which pigeons are considered resistant. i ... | 2006 | 16772130 |
| demonstration of nicking/joining activity at the origin of dna replication associated with the rep and rep' proteins of porcine circovirus type 1. | the replication of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is thought to occur by rolling-circle replication (rcr), whereby the introduction of a single-strand break generates a free 3'-hydroxyl group serving as a primer for subsequent dna synthesis. the covalently closed, single-stranded genome of pcv1 replicates via a double-stranded replicative intermediate, and the two virus-encoded replication-associated proteins rep and rep' have been demonstrated to be necessary for virus replication. however, a ... | 2006 | 16775310 |
| the capsid protein of beak and feather disease virus binds to the viral dna and is responsible for transporting the replication-associated protein into the nucleus. | circoviruses lack an autonomous dna polymerase and are dependent on the replication machinery of the host cell for de novo dna synthesis. accordingly, the viral dna needs to cross both the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope before replication can occur. here we report on the subcellular distribution of the beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein (cp) and replication-associated protein (rep) expressed via recombinant baculoviruses in an insect cell system and test the hypothesi ... | 2006 | 16809327 |
| cytokine and c-reactive protein profiles induced by porcine circovirus type 2 experimental infection in 3-week-old piglets. | the purpose of this study was to determine serum profiles of cytokines at a protein level and creactive protein (crp) during the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in experimentally inoculated pigs. levels of serum ifn-alpha, il-6, il-10, and crp were examined for a 35-day period in 10 piglets experimentally infected with pcv2 at 3 weeks of age. four of the infected piglets developed severe pmws at 14 to 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and died prior to termination ... | 2006 | 16817761 |
| postweaning mortality in manitoba swine. | a case-control study to investigate the contribution of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) to deaths among piglets of nursery age (19 to 68 d) in manitoba indicated a significant positive association between pcv-2 infection and an increased mortality rate in nursery pigs. the clinical syndrome pmws was seldom recognized in case or control herds; however, pcv-2 infection was widespread at the herd level. other factors more strongly associated w ... | 2006 | 16850937 |
| circovirus inclusion bodies in intestinal muscle cells of a canary. | multiple cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in the intestinal smooth muscle cells of an adult canary from an aviary with a history of high mortality (50%) both in adult and young birds. grossly, a mild enteritis was the only lesion appreciable. smears of the proventricular contents contained a few megabacteria (macrorhabdus ornithogaster). the intestinal inclusions were found in very high numbers in all parts of the tract examined. they appeared round to oval, amphophilic and hyaline in ... | 2006 | 16854639 |
| cardiovascular lesions in pigs naturally or experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | abundant intracytoplasmic porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was associated with myocardiocyte swelling or necrosis, or myocardial fibrosis (or both) in three naturally infected pigs aged 4-7 weeks from three different farms. one 6 week old pig from a fourth farm had severe diffuse segmental to circumferential lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic periarteritis and endarteritis in several organs, pcv2 antigen was demonstrated in endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells in the arterial walls. in three ... | 2006 | 16325842 |
| genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circoviruses detected in hungarian wild boars. | porcine circoviruses (pcv) are present in pigs worldwide; they are grouped into two types: pcv1 comprising non-pathogenic viruses and pcv2 responsible for several clinical manifestations. both types are frequently detected in domestic pigs, the prevalence and role of pcv in wild boars however, is not well studied. during the years 2002-2003 over 2000 organ samples of hungarian wild boars were collected, grouped and samples from 307 different animals were tested by polymerase chain reaction for t ... | 2006 | 16328152 |
| pathological and aetiological studies of multifocal interstitial nephritis in wasted pigs at slaughter. | multifocal interstitial nephritis in pigs has been associated with several infectious agents. the objective of the present study was to investigate several different potential infectious agents associated with "white-spotted" kidneys in pigs suffering from wasting at slaughter (aged 6-8 months). twenty-nine case kidneys (with a "white-spotted" gross appearance) classified into 3 macroscopic lesional grades, and 15 control kidneys (lacking gross lesions), were obtained from a pig abattoir. labora ... | 2006 | 16332382 |
| serological investigation and genomic characterization of pcv2 isolates from different geographic regions of zhejiang province in china. | sera collected from 46 swine farms in zhejiang province were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to pcv2 using an indirect-fluorescent antibody procedure. in addition pcv2 isolated from superficial inguinal lymph node samples collected from 40-to 90-day-old pigs with clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) using the pk-15 cell line were sequenced and compared. overall seroprevalence of pcv2 antibody averaged 58.34% for all samples. breakdown of serology by group ... | 2006 | 16400605 |
| identification of porcine circovirus type 2 in retrospective cases of pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus. | the identification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied in fresh intestinal tissues by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded intestinal tissues by in situ hybridisation. the tissues came from pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv). a total of 35 (32.7%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with pedv were found to be positive using pcr. positive signals for pcv2 were detected in 32 (29.9%) of 1 ... | 2006 | 16427593 |
| inhibition of porcine circovirus type 2 replication in mice by rna interference. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) for which no antiviral treatment is available. to exploit the possibility of using rna interference (rnai) as a therapeutic approach against the disease, plasmid-borne short hairpin rnas (shrnas) were generated to target the pcv2 genome. transfection of these shrnas into cultured pk15 cells caused a significant reduction in viral rna production that was ... | 2006 | 16427679 |
| correlation between the presence of neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and protection against replication of the virus and development of pcv2-associated disease. | in a previous study, it was demonstrated that high replication of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in a gnotobiotic pig was correlated with the absence of pcv2-neutralizing antibodies. the aim of the present study was to investigate if this correlation could also be found in spf pigs in which pmws was experimentally reproduced and in naturally pmws-affected pigs. | 2006 | 16445856 |
| observations on detection, excretion and transmission of pigeon circovirus in adult, young and embryonic pigeons. | infections with pigeon circovirus (picv) occur in young racing pigeons and pigeons raised for meat production and have been reported worldwide, but relatively little is known about the disease induced by picv infection. the aim of this study was to investigate how picv is transmitted. using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test, the presence of picv was investigated in a wide range of samples from adult pigeons, embryos, breeders and young birds, which were derived from a racing loft ... | 2006 | 16448939 |
| effects of the timing of the administration of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin on the development of lesions associated with porcine circovirus type 2. | to determine whether there is an effect of the timing of vaccination on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) replication and pcv-2-associated lesions, 78 pigs were randomly assigned to eight groups: group 1 (10 pigs) was vaccinated with a commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine at two and four weeks of age, group 2 (nine pigs) was vaccinated at four and six weeks of age, group 3 (10 pigs) at six and eight weeks of age and group 4 (10 pigs) at eight and 10 weeks of age; group 5 (nine pigs) was v ... | 2006 | 16461621 |
| muco-cutaneous candidiasis in two pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | in two distinct commercial swine herds, poor weight gain and an increased number of animals showing wasting were observed among nursery and growing pigs. cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and infection with haemophilus parasuis had been previously diagnosed in these herds. one growing wasted pig from each herd was necropsied and showed enlarged lymph nodes. pseudomembranous material adhered to the dorsum of the tongue, soft and hard palate in case 1, and in case 2, fibri ... | 2006 | 15955715 |
| real-time pcr protocol for the detection of porcine parvovirus in field samples. | this report describes a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with sybr green for detection of a broad range of porcine parvoviruses (ppv) and accurate virus quantification in porcine tissues. the assay targets the vp2 gene of ppv and the porcine genomic c-myc gene for normalization. the detection limit of the sybr green reaction was shown to be equivalent to 6 x 10(0) to 6 x 10(1) ppv copies/reaction and the overall detection limit equivalent to 0.1 tcid(50)/100 microl. the assay was linear ... | 2006 | 16472875 |
| pcr detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) dna in blood, tonsillar and faecal swabs from experimentally infected pigs. | pcv2 infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study we evaluated the use of pcr to detect the presence of pcv2 dna in blood, faecal and tonsillar swabs collected from 12 pigs experimentally infected with pcv2 and sampled at selected time points post-infection. the pcr results were evaluated together with the presence of pmws typical histopathological lesions and the presence of pcv2 antigen. pcv2 dna was pre ... | 2006 | 16481016 |
| regeneration of the replication-associated proteins tandem direct repeat recognition nucleotide sequence at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus type 1. | four copies of a hexanucleotide (h) sequence are located to the right of the palindrome at the origin of dna replication of the porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) genome. these sequences are organized in two direct tandems, the proximal h1/h2 and the distal h3/h4 repeats, and they have been shown to be binding sites for the essential rep and rep' proteins. previous work demonstrated that infectious pcv1 virion can accommodate a variable number of h sequences at the origin of dna replication. in th ... | 2006 | 16300812 |
| immunopathological effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on swine alveolar macrophages by in vitro inoculation. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a multifactorial disease, in pigs. monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, including alveolar macrophages (ams), are the major target cells for pcv2. swine ams are essential for the pulmonary defense system against various pathogens. concurrent infection of lung with opportunistic pathogens in pigs suffered from pmws is speculated as a feature of immunosuppression. the present study w ... | 2006 | 16310858 |
| seroprevalence of six reproductive pathogens in european wild boar (sus scrofa) from spain: the effect on wild boar female reproductive performance. | we studied the seroprevalence of six reproductive pathogens in spanish hunter-harvested wild boar females. the sample was representative of the hunting harvest in the studied hunting estates. mean antibody prevalences were: 60.6+/-0.06% for aujeszky's disease virus (adv), 56.6+/-0.09% for porcine parvovirus (ppv), 51.8+/-0.06% for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), 29.7+/-0.09% for brucella spp. and 36.3+/-0.1% for toxoplasma gondii. we did not detect antibodies against porcine reproductive and r ... | 2006 | 16076482 |
| estimation of european wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment. | wild boars are important disease reservoirs. it is well known that abundance estimates are needed in wildlife epidemiology, but the expense and effort required to obtain them is prohibitive. we evaluated a simple method based on the frequency of faecal droppings found on transects (fbii), and developed a spatial aggregation index, based on the runs test statistic. estimates were compared with hunting data, and with porcine circovirus and aujeszky's disease virus seroprevalences and mycobacterium ... | 2007 | 16893488 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection in backyard pigs from mexico city. | pcv2 antibodies have been found in pigs from all continents. however, this finding has been mainly studied in domestic swine reared under intensive production conditions. mexico city, with a human population over 19 million in 2005, has both urban and rural areas. the pig production in its rural area is based on small family backyard farms. taking into account this rather unique form of rearing pigs, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence in backyard pigs from the rural ... | 2007 | 17157886 |
| detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus and aujeszky's disease virus in cases of porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) in spain. | proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a severe form of interstitial pneumonia characterised by hypertrophy and proliferation of pneumocytes type 2 and presence of necrotic cells within alveoli lumen. many viral agents have been linked to pnp aetiology, with especial emphasis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). to gain knowledge on pnp causality, a retrospective study on 74 pnp cases from postweaning pigs from spain was carried out. coupled with histopatholo ... | 2007 | 17070659 |
| status of porcine circovirus diseases in western canada. | 2007 | 17436902 | |
| epidemiological investigation of the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in japan. | to investigate the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in 692 weaned pigs with various clinical signs, commonly including wasting or weight loss, collected from 129 swine farms between 2000 and 2003. the presence of pmws was diagnosed by the detection of characteristic histological lesions and moderate to large amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigen within the lesions in multiple lymphoid tissu ... | 2007 | 17459833 |
| brain lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-pcv2) immunostaining was associated with cerebellar lymphohistiocytic vasculitis combined with hemorrhages (50 pigs) or with lymphohistiocytic meningitis (23 pigs) in pigs naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the animals originated from 12 farms in rio grande do sul, brazil. in total, 456 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs confirmed as pmws cases were necropsied. although most findings mimicked those extensively ... | 2007 | 17459844 |
| genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial pekin ducks in new york. | the genetic organization of the duck circovirus (ducv) 33753-52 detected in commercial pekin duck flocks from long island, ny, is described. the nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with ducvs previously detected in germany and hungary. it is possible that this ducv from new york shares the same ancestor with the european counterparts. the virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading fram ... | 2007 | 17461272 |
| inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in pk-15 cells by small interfering rnas targeting the rep gene. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering rna (sirna), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. in this study, three sirna expression plasmids (ps-repa, ps-repb and ... | 2007 | 17467930 |
| solution structure of the endonuclease domain from the master replication initiator protein of the nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus and comparison with the corresponding geminivirus and circovirus structures. | nanoviruses are a family of plant viruses that possess a genome of multiple circular single-stranded dna (ssdna) components and are strikingly similar in their replication mode to the plant geminiviruses and to the circoviruses that infect birds or mammals. these viruses multiply by rolling circle replication using virus-encoded multifunctional replication initiator proteins (rep proteins) that catalyze the initiation of replication on a double-stranded dna (dsdna) intermediate and the resolutio ... | 2007 | 17472345 |
| evidence for recombination in natural populations of porcine circovirus type 2 in hong kong and mainland china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the family circoviridae, and is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. in this study, phylogenetic analyses of three complete pcv2 genomic sequences from hong kong suggest that natural recombination happened among different lineages of pcv2. a preliminary investigation of the parental strains of these potential recombinants was carried out using bootscanning. statistical significance of this recombination eve ... | 2007 | 17485533 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome associated with porcine circovirus 2 infection in a yorkshire pig. | we describe a case of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) in a 14-wk-old yorkshire pig purchased from a commercial farm for research use. physical examination of the affected animal upon arrival revealed multifocal, red, papular skin lesions on the rump, vulva, perineum, thighs, and lower hindlegs. at necropsy, gross lesions consisted of dermatitis, bilaterally enlarged kidneys and patchy pulmonary congestion. histologic findings included multiorgan necrotizing vasculitis with pro ... | 2007 | 17487958 |
| homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during dna replication in escherichia coli. | in this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in head-to-tail tandem (htt) [a partial copy of pcv type 1 (pcv1), a complete copy of pcv type 2 (pcv2) and two origins of dna replication (ori)] yielded three different double-stranded dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct (u), the unit-length pcv1/pcv2 genome with a composite ori lacking the plasmid vector (q(rc)) ... | 2007 | 17497233 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) revealed by analysis of the cap gene (orf-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, 19 of 870 samples from pigs from different brazilian states were found to be positive for pcv-2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fragment of 700 nt of the cap gene (orf-2) from the 19 pcv-2-positive samples were sequenced using three pairs of primers (fa/ra, fb/rb and fc/rc). maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using the 19 field strain studied here, 21 sequences from genbank and pc ... | 2007 | 17497236 |
| construction and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 carrying a genetic marker strain. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. to generate a genetic marker strain of pcv2, the full-length genome of the virus was amplified using pcr, and two copies of the genome were ligated in tandem to construct an infectious molecular clone. a sal i restriction enzyme site was inserted into the clone as a genetic marker, and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine kidney cells to generate mutant virus. t ... | 2007 | 17499377 |
| porcine circovirus 2 replication in colostrum-deprived piglets following experimental infection and immune stimulation using a modified live vaccine against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). although koch's postulates have been fulfilled for pcv2 and pmws, the severe clinical expression of the disease observed in field cases has been difficult to reproduce experimentally. some studies have demonstrated that immune stimulation associated with the use of some commercially available swine vaccines may trigger progression of pcv2 infe ... | 2007 | 17542965 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 interacts with porcine ubiquitin e3 ligase pirh2 and facilitates p53 expression in viral infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. we previously showed that a newly identified protein, orf3, plays a major role in virus-induced apoptosis and is involved in viral pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. to characterize the role of the orf3 protein in modulation of cellular function, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a porcine cdna library to find its interacting partner. we have isolat ... | 2007 | 17581998 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs. | replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs, as measured by spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) and viral dna, was investigated following experimental infection. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), and tissue from bronchial lymph nodes (bln), inguinal lymph nodes (iln), tonsils, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and thymus from infected pigs on different days post-infection (dpi) were assessed. pcv2 replication differed dramatically between tissues from the same infected pig. the viru ... | 2007 | 17175030 |