Publications

human immunodeficiency virus-related kaposi's sarcoma of the appendix and acute appendicitis. report of a case and review of the literature.	we describe a case of acute appendicitis precipitated by human immunodeficiency virus-related kaposi's sarcoma of the appendix. this presentation in an otherwise asymptomatic homosexual man led to the establishment of a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. immediate follow-up revealed multicentric gastrointestinal involvement by kaposi's sarcoma, and skin involvement ensued in 2 months. salient features of this case and two other similar reports in the literature are highlighted.	1991	1747034
lymphadenopathic tumor exhibiting intermingled features of kaposi's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and angiofollicular hyperplasia.	a 56-year-old man presented with an inguinal lymph node enlargement. histologic study of the tumor revealed three intermingled pathologic lesions: a nodular small cell lymphoma, an angiofollicular hyperplasia of vasculohyaline type, and a vascular neoplasia closely resembling kaposi's sarcoma. the patient was immunocompetent and denied any homosexual relationships, transfusions, or drug use. the serum was negative for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus antibody. computed tomographic sc ...	1991	1747036
pathogenesis of hiv-related malignancies.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection is associated with increased frequency of kaposi's sarcoma and high-grade b-cell lymphoma. several other cancers in hiv-1-infected individuals have been reported, although without statistically significant increase in their respective occurrences. although hiv-1 does not infect either kaposi's sarcoma-derived spindle cells or b lymphocytes in vivo, viral proteins in vitro have been shown to be mitogenic to both kaposi's sarcoma-derived spindle cells ...	1991	1751580
proteins of aids virus may link aids and kaposi's sarcoma.		1991	1764338
the epidemiology of classic, african, and immunosuppressed kaposi's sarcoma.	the etiology of kaposi's sarcoma remains somewhat obscure. while lesions of classic kaposi's sarcoma, african kaposi's sarcoma, and immunosuppressed kaposi's sarcoma have been found to be indistinguishable from one another, the reasons for the variations in type and severity have not been established. the origin of the spindle cell is yet to be agreed on. geographic variation does not seem as important as ethnic variation. the very young and the very old, perhaps two ages of weakened immunity, t ...	1991	1765111
[kaposi's sarcoma located in the upper digestive tract. apropos a case].	a case of rectal and gastric location of kaposi's sarcoma is reported. although the typical location is cutaneous, gastrointestinal involvement of kaposi's sarcoma is not an uncommon finding. usually, it is detected when endoscopic, radiologic and autopsy studies are performed in patients with previous aids diagnosis. the patient we herein report ignored to be affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). he had not shown any sign or symptom for aids to be suspected. presenting symptoms we ...	1991	1768473
endemic kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seronegative persons: demonstration of retrovirus-like particles in cutaneous lesions.		1991	1782744
[hodgkin's disease, kaposi's sarcoma and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus].		1991	1790289
molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a tumor of mesenchymal origin of unclear etiology and pathogenesis. the epidemic form of ks (aids-associated) occurs in up to 30% of hiv-1 infected individuals with lesions characterized by mixed cellularity, spindle cells proliferation and neoangiogenesis. the establishment of in vitro and in vivo model systems (aids-ks cell cultures and nude mouse) have allowed studies toward the understanding of the pathogenesis of ks. the data presented here support the hypothesis th ...	1991	1805571
hplc determination of doxorubicin, doxorubicinol and four aglycone metabolites in plasma of aids patients.	a high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) assay has been developed for the determination of the anticancer drug doxorubicin and the metabolites doxorubicinol, doxorubicinone, 7-deoxydoxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone and 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone in plasma of aids patients. samples can be heated at 60 degrees c for 30 min to inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus. the sample pre-treatment involves a liquid-liquid extraction of the buffered plasma sample (ph 9) with a chloroform-1-propano ...	1991	1822225
erythema elevatum diutinum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. another clinical simulator of kaposi's sarcoma.	several types of vasculitis have been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare variant of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis which, with the exception of the case reported herein, has been described only once in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. our male patient, a longtime intravenous drug abuser, had cutaneous lesions, closely resembling kaposi's sarcoma, on the extensor surfaces of the lower extremities. cutaneous ...	1991	1845281
a clinicopathologic study of lymphoid neoplasias associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in italy.	the clinicopathologic features of 45 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients (mainly intravenous drug users [ivdu]) with lymphoid neoplasias seen from september 1984 through july 1990 at an italian cancer center are reviewed. thirty-five had systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl), and ten had hodgkin's disease (hd). histologically, 27 nhl cases were intermediate grade (five cases) or high grade (22 cases, 14 of the small noncleaved cell type), according to the working formulation. ei ...	1991	1855183
kaposi's sarcoma among aids patients: transmissible venereal tumour by cell engraftment?	the epidemiologic findings of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is insufficient for the development of ks. it was speculated that another sexually transmitted infection is responsible for the markedly increased incidence of ks among patients who acquired hiv infection through sexual intercourse. however, no such contributing infectious agent was consistently identified. the canine tran ...	1991	1865840
angiosarcoma arising in kaposi's sarcoma (pleomorphic kaposi's sarcoma) in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus disease. armed forces retroviral research group.		1991	1869659
kaposi's sarcoma in a child after autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-hodgkin's lymphoma.	a case of kaposi's sarcoma in a child with no serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is reported. a 7-year-old boy with stage iv non-hodgkin's lymphoma, after conventional chemotherapy, underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). five months later he presented with supraclavicular mass and mediastinal enlargement. a bone marrow biopsy showed hypoplasia with no signs of the underlying disease, whereas the excised mass revealed a typical histologic pattern ...	1991	1873788
hiv-related malignancies.	since the recognition of kaposi's sarcoma as a manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subsequent malignancies such as non-hodgkin's b-cell lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma have been found to be associated with individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current concepts of pathogenesis are reviewed in this article. in addition, the relation between hiv and other malignancies, including hodg ...	1991	1873928
experience with rehabilitation in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) represent a novel referral population for rehabilitation services. limited information about the rehabilitation needs of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection is available. we reviewed 51 consecutive patients with aids referred to a rehabilitation consult service. common problems encountered included generalized deconditioning (27%) and neurologic dysfunction (45%). neurologic presentations were diverse and included he ...	1991	1878178
cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. part i.	the prevalence of dermatologic problems during the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection makes knowledge of these skin manifestations imperative to all practicing dermatologists. detection of early infection is encouraged as effective therapy now exists both to delay the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency and to prevent opportunistic infections. skin manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection discussed in this article include the followi ...	1991	1892408
otolaryngology problems in the immune compromised patient--an evolving natural history.	as the human immunodeficiency virus is being detected in increasing numbers of asymptomatic individuals at risk, newer earlier patterns of disease have become apparent--including cranial and cervical herpes zoster, oral hairy leukoplakia, and oral candidiasis--thus linking viral and other disease to the development of acquired immunodeficiency disease (aids). many similarities between patients with aids and other immunosuppressed patients have emerged. as immunosuppressed patients survive longer ...	1991	1901147
hla disease association and protection in hiv infection among african americans and caucasians.	in a previous investigation, we demonstrated an increased progression of overt aids in the african american population compared to the caucasian population as reflected by the significantly lower absolute number of cd4+ lymphocytes detected in the african american population in an earlier study. the present study elucidates some of the possible genetic factors which may contribute to disease association or protection against hiv infection. the hla phenotypes expressed as a, b, c, dr and dqw anti ...	1991	1910527
vitiligo and chronic photosensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus infection.	a 56-year-old man was admitted with hemiparesis and shortness of breath. he was positive to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody and was diagnosed as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he developed chronic photosensitivity and vitiligo preceding the onset of the aids-related complex (arc). association of the two skin lesions with hiv infection is very rare. although the role of hiv infection in these skin lesions is not sign ...	1991	1920968
adverse virus-drug interactions.	over the last 3 decades, epidemiologists and clinicians have identified a few clinical entities that appear to result when a viral infection and a chemical exposure overlap and interact. ampicillin rash during infectious mononucleosis, reye's syndrome following salicylate ingestion and certain viral infections, and the association of aids-related kaposi's sarcoma with abuse of nitrite inhalants and infection due to human immunodeficiency virus are examples of such phenomena. preclinical research ...	1991	1925290
endothelial cells transformed by sv40 t antigen cause kaposi's sarcomalike tumors in nude mice.	injection into nude mice of a well-differentiated sv40 t-antigen-transformed murine endothelial cell (ec) line results in widespread invasive tumors confined to connective tissues. the tumors, which do not metastasize, consist of both host-derived cells and transformed ec, displaying histologic features typical of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). although the ec is believed to be the cell of origin in ks, this has not been proven and is the subject of debate. the unusual tumorigenicity of this transformed ...	1991	1928299
human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma. prognostic factors predictive of survival.	in an attempt to determine factors predictive of survival in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-related lymphoma, the authors studied 60 such patients, all of whom were treated with curative intent. eleven patients presented with lymphoma primary to the brain (p-cns); the remaining 49 had systemic aids-related lymphoma. patients with p-cns lymphoma had more severe underlying hiv-related disease than did patients with syste ...	1991	1933784
gastric adenocarcinoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	gastric adenocarcinoma developed in a 33-year-old homosexual man with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this type of cancer is very rare in a man of his young age and in the absence of other factors. the tumor was aggressive and led to rapid death. whereas kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas have been associated with hiv, there are only a few documented cases of adenocarcinoma associated with a suppressed immune system. the association between hiv infection and the virulence of this tumor ...	1991	1938507
the role of alpha-interferon in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	alpha-interferon (ifn alpha) blocks replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 in vitro by interfering with the release of mature virions. clinical trials have addressed the in vivo effects of ifn alpha, both alone and in combination with other agents, in a variety of patients at all stages of hiv-1 infection. patients with late stages of hiv-1 infection (cd4 counts under 100) show few positive results following treatment with ifn alpha. patients with earlier stages of hiv infection, ho ...	1991	1948129
hypothyroidism due to destruction of the thyroid by kaposi's sarcoma.	a case of hypothyroidism that manifested as depression and deteriorating functional status and that ultimately resulted in the death of a 41-year-old patient with aids is described. postmortem examination revealed destruction of the thyroid gland by kaposi's sarcoma. analysis of stored serum samples revealed that the patient had become profoundly hypothyroid during his terminal illness. practitioners are reminded of the need to exclude metabolic causes when treating encephalopathy in patients in ...	1991	1962092
[x-ray pulmonary manifestations in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus].	altogether 155 patients with a newly detected positive reaction to hiv (a human immunodeficiency virus) were investigated in the republic of burundi. chest x-ray was done in 80 of them. pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2 of them, pneumonia (chronic, interstitial and bronchial)--in 15. enhancement and deformity of lung marking were detected in 45 patients (coincidence with clinical signs of acute bronchitis was found but in 5 of them). a conclusion has been made of interstitial pneumonias ...	1991	1962422
opportunistic infections of the esophagus not responding to oral systemic antifungals in patients with aids: their frequency and treatment.	to determine the spectrum of esophageal disease responsible for dysphagia/odynophagia in aids patients not responding to current oral antifungals, we studied 49 consecutive patients whose esophageal symptoms failed to improve after a minimum of 3 wk of therapy with oral ketoconazole or fluconazole. an esophageal candidiasis resistant to oral antifungals was the most frequent disease found (22 single infections and four mixed with viruses). viral esophagitis was identified in 13 cases (eight herp ...	1991	1962617
oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	oral candidiasis, herpetic lesions, oral mucosal warts, human immunodeficiency virus-associated gingivitis and periodontitis, kaposi's sarcoma, hairy leukoplakia, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma are oral manifestations of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. this paper will explain how to identify these lesions, their significance, and recommended treatments.	1991	1993402
pulmonary tolerance of prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	the effects of primary and secondary long-term prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with aerosolized pentamidine on pulmonary function in hiv+ patients were evaluated. eighty-one patients, none of whom were drug addicts or had pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma, were studied. fifty patients were receiving ap as secondary prophylaxis, 36 monthly and 14 twice-monthly; eight patients with a history of pcp served as control subjects. twenty-three patients were receiving ap as primary prophylaxis, 1 ...	1991	1995216
urological manifestations of hiv-related disease. a case of aids-associated testicular seminoma, kaposi's sarcoma and possible intracranial lymphoma.	a wide variety of pathologies afflicting the genitourinary tract can be displayed by patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), including both infective and neoplastic conditions. treatment can often be offered for such conditions using a combination of therapeutic approaches. these conditions should be looked for specifically in patients with hiv infection as treatment may improve their quality of life. a case is presented of a testicular seminoma (appearing in association w ...	1991	2004234
oral manifestations of aids: an overview.	infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may cause a variety of oral lesions, such as candidiasis, periodontal disease, hairy leukoplakia, kaposi's sarcoma and a number of miscellaneous lesions and conditions. one hundred hiv-infected patients, including aids patients, referred to a university hospital in amsterdam, were examined orally. most patients were initially seen by the department of internal medicine, the oral examination by a well-trained dentist being part of the routine ...	1991	2004836
increasing incidence of cancers associated with the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic.	we examined data from san francisco and other areas participating in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987. in this period, non-hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has increased over 10-fold and kaposi's sarcoma incidence has increased over 5000-fold in single san francisco men 20 to 49 years of age. increases in non-hodgkin's lymphoma have been restricted to hig ...	1991	2004849
pancreatic involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection.	involvement of the pancreas by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has not been adequately addressed and is the object of this review. i analyzed the english language literature, including single case reports of pancreatic involvement and larger series reporting detailed pathological findings of patients with hiv infection. nonspecific pathological changes in the pancreas are frequently seen at autopsy of hiv-infected patients, but are not more common than in controls. several types of ...	1991	2007747
characterization of long-term survivors of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the long-term survivor collaborative study group.	of 4,073 reported patients diagnosed with aids from 1978 through 1983, 821 (20%) were not reported to be dead by january 1987. of these apparent long-term survivors, 780 (95%) were reported from 14 states or from local areas where collaborating health departments conducted special follow-up investigations: 119 (15%) were found to be alive, 475 (61%) were dead, and 186 (24%) were lost to follow-up. health departments obtained consent to collect additional clinical and laboratory information on 48 ...	1991	2007973
non-hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with advanced hiv infection treated with zidovudine.	we wished to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus-related high-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) and identify factors associated with the development of nhl in patients receiving zidovudine. data are from a 2-year prospective, observational, multisite study of 1030 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and advanced aids-related complex who received zidovudine. non-hodgkin's lymphoma developed in 24 (2.3%) of 1030 patients who received zidovudine during 1 ...	1991	2013953
hiv replication and persistence in human gastrointestinal cells cultured in vitro.	epithelial and submucosal mesenchymal (sm) cells from normal human small intestine and colon could be directly infected by several strains of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). macrophage-derived virus strains were more potent than the htlviiib prototype strain. persistent release of virus over several months implies that the human gastrointestinal tract may serve as a site for primary infection and as a reservoir for the virus. furthermore, hiv infection of sm cells may be an in vitro mode ...	1991	2016570
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mitigates the neutropenia of combined interferon alfa and zidovudine treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated kaposi's sarcoma.	the combined use of zidovudine (zdv) and interferon (ifn) alfa-2a has been shown to have antiretroviral and antitumor potential benefit in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks). however, the clinical use of this combination is frequently complicated by the overlapping myelotoxicity of these agents. we report here the results of a phase i/ii study in which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) was used for those ks patient ...	1991	2016623
antiretroviral therapy and immunomodulators in patients with aids.	a number of studies have illustrated the effectiveness of hematopoietic growth factors in managing treatment-related cytopenias in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. one of these factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, has been shown to restore absolute neutrophil counts in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and kaposi's sarcoma receiving a combination of zidovudine (azt) and interferon alfa. a combination of granulocyte colony-sti ...	1991	2018046
antiretroviral therapy in combination with interferon for aids-related kaposi's sarcoma.	in vitro studies have shown that 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine, azt) and interferon synergistically inhibit the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations achievable in patients. interferon alfa can cause lesions to regress in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks). although zidovudine has no significant effect on the regression of these lesions, it does have antivira ...	1991	2018047
pathogenesis of aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a mesenchymal tumor of unclear etiopathogenesis. the epidemic form of ks occurs in up to 30% of hiv-infected individuals with lesions that have mixed cellularity, spindle cell proliferation, and neoangiogenesis. although not completely defined, the spindle cells, thought to be the tumor cells of ks, are of mesenchymal cell origin, with features resembling endothelial and smooth muscle cells. the establishment of in vitro and in vivo model systems (aids-ks cell culture an ...	1991	2022594
oral kaposi's sarcoma in a woman as a first indication of hiv infection.	although kaposi's sarcoma has been well described in homosexual men at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, there have been fewer reports of ks in women, and most of these have been in women who became infected with hiv through intravenous drug use. this report describes a woman who had no history of intravenous drug use in whom intraoral ks and hairy leukoplakia were the first indication of her infection with hiv.	1991	2022789
periodontitis as an early presentation of hiv infection.	to determine whether the presence of rapidly progressive periodontitis (rpp) in people at high risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may be the first symptom of previously unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	1991	2025822
[hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: an infrequent association?].		1991	2033979
neurologic disorders and dermatologic manifestations in hiv-infected children.	cutaneous manifestations of hiv infections in childhood are common but are not the dermatologic lesions associated with hiv infection in adults. for example, kaposi's sarcoma, a common finding in adults with aids, is rare in children. other cutaneous manifestations, including bacterial and fungal lesions and viral exanthems, are common in children with aids and can be atypical and severe. because 90% of the pediatric aids population acquires the virus via maternal transmission to the fetus, a dy ...	1991	2047317
dermatophytosis mimicking kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus disease.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an important finding in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), with a distinctive spectrum of clinical presentations. three cases of dermatophytosis in hiv-infected patients are presented which clinically mimic the appearance of ks. this new observation underscores the importance of histopathologic examination in the evaluation of skin lesions suspicious for the diagnosis of ks. the other clinical mimickers of ks are reviewed.	1991	2050235
linkage and independence of aids and kaposi disease: the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and some coagents.	through epidemiological considerations we conclude that full-blown aids may occur only if the index patient is infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and, in addition, by some other infectious coagent. since the dynamical behavior of the spread of aids cases with manifestation of kaposi's sarcoma differs fundamentally from that of the non-kaposi cases, we conjecture that two independent coagents (together with hiv) are responsible for the outbreak of full-blown aids with or without m ...	1991	2050419
[kaposi's sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, serological and development review].	a clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, serological and evolutive review was carried out in 12 cases of kaposi's sarcoma, representing 5.5% (12/217) of the hiv positive patients consecutively seen during an 18 month period.	1991	2051827
kaposi's sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual man.		1991	2056211
[the etiology of kaposi's sarcoma].		1991	2056802
human immunodeficiency virus infection and the skin.	the skin is commonly affected in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in many cases, skin findings may be the earliest sign of hiv disease or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. when cutaneous diseases occur in unusual settings, such as zoster in a young individual, are increased in severity or fail to respond to routine therapy, the possibility of underlying immunodeficiency should be suspected. skin diseases in hiv-infected hosts include primary infections, such as those ...	1991	2064480
human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection codes and new codes for kaposi's sarcoma.	these addenda for volumes 1 and 2 of the international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm), are reported by the world health organization collaborating center for classification of diseases for north america at the national center for health statistics. these addenda replace the addendum containing codes for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (042.0-044.9) that were effective january 1, 1988. these addenda will be effective october 1, 1991, and ar ...	1991	2072890
technetium-99m-dtpa aerosol and gallium-67 scanning in pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	we retrospectively compared the results of 67ga chest scans and 99mtc-dtpa aerosol clearance measurements with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 88 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. of 100 investigations, a pulmonary infection was diagnosed in 39, mainly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a noninfectious disorder was found in 42, mainly kaposi's sarcoma and lymphocytic alveolitis. gallium scans and dtpa clearance were abnormal respectively in 74% and 92% of infectious co ...	1992	1731002
incidence of lymphomas and other cancers in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected patients with hemophilia.	to determine the types and rates of cancers occurring in excess in the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1).	1992	1735926
hla-b35 is associated with accelerated progression to aids.	to investigate the influence of hla specificities on the rate of progression and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we performed (a) a case-control study in 1989-1990 of hiv-seropositive individuals stratified by both risk behavior and ethnic background, (b) a longitudinal cohort study of hiv-infected male homosexuals enrolled in 1981-1982, and (c) an analysis of individuals with a diffuse infiltrative cd8 lymphocytosis syndrome. in the case-control study, there was a signi ...	1992	1738086
management of oral health in persons with hiv infection.	prevention and treatment of oral disease is required to maintain quality of life and to improve prognosis of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). management requires a team approach, and close collaboration with the appropriate responsible physicians and other health care workers is necessary. oral infection is frequent and usually opportunistic, and management is based on certain principles. infections may disseminate and can be persistent and severe; multiple concurre ...	1992	1312692
cytomegalovirus, angiomatosis, and kaposi's sarcoma: new observations of a debated relationship.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) encompasses a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from foci of muco-cutaneous angiomatosis to tumor masses of internal organs. its strong association with immune deficiency and the marked differences in incidence between the various populations at risk are suggestive of an infectious etiology. the agent most often suspected of being implicated in the etiology of ks is cytomegalovirus (cmv); however, despite sustained research on this subject, its role remains controversial. t ...	1992	1315438
oral signs and symptoms in 160 greek hiv-infected patients.	one hundred and sixty hiv-infected greek patients were prospectively examined and the oral signs and symptoms were recorded. at the time of oral examination, 76 patients were asymptomatic seropositive, 47 were in arc stage and 37 had aids. one or more oral findings were recorded in 90.6% of the patients while a total of 33 different lesions were observed. the more common oral lesions (highly suspicious) were candidiasis (61%), hairy leukoplakia (24%), periodontitis (19%), necrotizing gingivitis ...	1992	1316436
cytomegalovirus pseudotumor presenting as bowel obstruction in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	although cytomegalovirus (cmv) can be fatal to patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), it usually causes few, if any, symptoms. the virus has an affinity for the alimentary tract, especially the ileum and right colon. cmv infections of the gut are often erosive, resulting in enterocolitis, hemorrhage, or intestinal perforation. inflammatory mass formation is rare. kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma are established causes of bowel obstruction in patients with aids. this report des ...	1992	1317095
an exploratory analysis of survival with aids using a nonparametric tree-structured approach.	we illustrate an analysis with classification and regression trees applied to survival data. through this application, we provide a description of the opportunistic diseases and sociodemographic factors that contribute to survival among people with human immunodeficiency virus disease. the analyses are based on 43,795 cases reported to the centers for disease control between january 1, 1984, and december 31, 1987. we used vital status as of december 31, 1989, to estimate mortality rates. we iden ...	1992	1322191
chronic verrucous varicella-zoster virus infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). histologic and molecular biologic findings.	verrucous skin lesions have been attributed to various herpes viruses in immunosuppressed patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv). we examined such lesions from six hiv-infected patients to determine the range of microscopic findings present and to establish which herpesviruses were present. verrucous epidermal hyperplasia, pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, and massive hyperkeratosis correlate with the warty clinical appearance of the lesions. herpetic cytopath ...	1992	1324620
discrete gastrointestinal mass lesions caused by cytomegalovirus in patients with aids: report of three cases and review.	we report the detailed clinical features of discrete mass lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by cytomegalovirus in three patients who had the acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome. the disease occurred in the fundus of the stomach in one patient and in the cecum in the other two persons. the symptoms as well as radiographic and endoscopic findings in each case are described and are shown to be indistinguishable from those resulting from a neoplasm. the diagnosis was established by t ...	1992	1330013
pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-related kaposi's sarcoma.	infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma. recent studies suggest that the risk of kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection is increased with oral-fecal contact and that a sexually transmitted agent possibly related to human papillomavirus-16 could be involved. exposure to this or another sexually transmitted agent apparently alters both the morphology and growth regulation of the kaposi's sarcoma ...	1992	1333810
increased prostaglandin e2 and camp phosphodiesterase levels in kaposi's sarcoma--a virus against host defense mechanism.	in kaposi's sarcoma tissue, prostaglandin e2 (pge2) levels and camp phosphodiesterase levels were found to be higher than in surrounding normal tissue. we have shown earlier that pge2 suppresses interferon (ifn) alpha production. high levels of camp phosphodiesterases result in low camp levels. thus, this phenomenon may be involved in altered immunologic resistance, growth and differentiation.	1992	1335594
risk of kaposi's sarcoma and sexual practices associated with faecal contact in homosexual or bisexual men with aids.	the causal agent of kaposi's sarcoma is unknown. that the disorder is ten times more common in homosexual or bisexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) than in other human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission groups suggests that a certain aspect of their behaviour exposes them to the agent or facilitates its spread. we therefore assessed social and demographic characteristics, including sexual behaviour, of 65 homosexual or bisexual men with aids from london. sexual pr ...	1992	1347337
human papillomavirus type 16 and kaposi's sarcoma.		1992	1348340
human papillomavirus type 16 and kaposi's sarcoma.		1992	1348342
prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.	following the initial observation by dr. margaret fischl that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can prevent pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with kaposi's sarcoma, initiating prophylaxis for pneumocystic infection in all patients with less than 200 cd4+ cells/mm3 has become accepted practice. this prophylactic intervention has been found not only to reduce the development of pneumonia due to p. carinii but also to prolong life. drs. henry masur and joseph a. kovacs first reviewed prophylax ...	1992	1350925
high level of htlv-i specific protein expression in a patient with adult t-cell leukemia, chronic progressive myelopathy and kaposi's sarcoma.	analysis was made of serum anti-htlv-i antibodies, virus-specific proteins in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and proviruses in lymphocyte dna of a patient with adult t-cell leukemia (atl), kaposi's sarcoma, and chronic myelopathy. using western blot and pcr (with hiv-1 specific primers), it was shown that kaposi's sarcoma was not linked to hiv infection. western blot analysis of serum revealed antibodies against p19, p24 and pr 53 of htlv-i. examination of proteins in fresh pbl by western bl ...	1992	1352562
human t-cell leukemia virus type i or a related retrovirus in patients with mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome and kaposi's sarcoma.	antibodies reactive with human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) proteins p19, p24, gp46, p56, and gp68 were detected in four of 27 patients with mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome (mf/ss) and one patient with kaposi's sarcoma using radioimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. seroreactivity patterns to htlv-i proteins of mf/ss sera were indeterminate or limited in comparison with sera of patients with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. htlv-i gag- and tax/rex-specific dna was demonstrate ...	1992	1353704
molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of twenty-seven patients.	molluscum contagiosum (mc) is a common and at times severely disfiguring cutaneous viral infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	1992	1357010
[kaposi's sarcoma in tainan: report of five cases].	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an uncommon cutaneous neoplasm with an increased incidence among jews and italians of europe and north america and negroes of equatory africa. in recent years, several cases have been diagnosed in aids patients and in patients who have undergone organ transplantation or received immunosuppressant treatments. we have diagnosed five cases of ks over a 3-year period in our department. they include four men and one women, aged from 58 to 79 years, and who were born and had l ...	1992	1358363
inhibition of development of kaposi's sarcoma-related lesions by a bacterial cell wall complex.	in vitro and in vivo model systems for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks) were used to evaluate compounds for their potential as therapeutic agents. a sulfated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan compound (sp-pg) produced by bacteria controlled the in vitro growth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-associated, ks-derived spindle-shaped cells (aids-ks cells) at noncytotoxic concentrations. angiogenesis induced by aids-ks cells in the chicken chorio ...	1992	1371891
head and neck malignancies associated with hiv infection.	immunosuppressed persons are at greater risk of developing malignancies. in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) immunosuppression the most common oral cancers are kaposi's sarcoma and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. squamous cell carcinoma has also been reported to be associated with hiv disease. kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequent neoplastic disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is by far the most common in the head and neck area. this article reviews the prevalence, clinical features, and ...	1992	1372399
the clinical application of the interferons: a review. nsw therapeutic assessment group.	to review the clinical information on the use of alpha, beta and gamma interferons and to classify the use of alpha interferons in australia according to approved indications, indications for which there is good supporting evidence and indications where therapy is under investigation; and to estimate the cost of therapy with alpha interferons in new south wales in 1991.	1992	1376397
alterations in tumor angiogenesis associated with stable expression of the hiv tat gene.	recent evidence suggests that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) trans-activator gene (tat) has transforming properties and may be a causative factor in the development of certain types of cancers, in particular kaposi's sarcoma (i.e., vogel j. et al. nature 335:606-611, 1988). to help elucidate the potential role or roles of the hiv tat gene in neoplastic transformation, cell lines were constructed that constitutively express a functional tat gene product. hela cells were coelectropo ...	1992	1379815
immunologic markers of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are time-dependent and illness-specific.	since prevalent cohorts may be biased by the duration of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (onset bias), it is useful to assess the potential predictive value of markers in incident cohorts of hiv-positive subjects for whom the date of seroconversion is known or can reliably be estimated. of 131 homosexual men with hiv-1 seroconversion from new york city and washington, dc, who were evaluated annually beginning in 1982, 60 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by the end ...	1992	1384311
neoplastic disease in the head and neck of patients with aids.	immunosuppression increases the risk of developing malignancies. in immunosuppression due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease the common head and neck tumors are kaposi's sarcoma and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. squamous cell carcinoma has also been reported. kaposi's sarcoma is the commonest neoplastic disease in aids. the incidence of lymphoma is rapidly increasing. this article reviews the incidence, clinical presentation and management of these diseases in the head and neck in aids pati ...	1992	1402051
indications for open cervical node biopsy in hiv-positive patients.	open node biopsy was the method of choice for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection before serologic testing became available. currently, the otolaryngologist is often called on to assist in the management of hiv-positive patients with troublesome cervical adenopathy. today's questions are: what is the place of fine-needle aspiration (fna), and when is open cervical node biopsy indicated. a retrospective review was undertaken of 93 consecutive cervical node biopsies performed b ...	1992	1408219
[the cervicofacial manifestations of kaposi's sarcoma and of non-hodgkin's lymphomas in hiv-infected patients].	infection from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with hiv infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in hiv negative hosts. kaposi's sarcoma (eks) and non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) are tumors per se diagnostic of aids in p ...	1992	1414319
iontophoresis of vinblastine into normal skin and for treatment of kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. the military medical consortium for applied retroviral research.	patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and who have disfiguring and/or painful cutaneous lesions of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) may not be candidates for systemic chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. intralesional vinblastine sulfate, as a single-agent chemotherapeutic drug, has been used with some success to treat ks in patients who are hiv-1 positive. however, some patients may not tolerate the pain associated with injection of vinblastine. transcutaneous iontophore ...	1992	1417025
the role of drugs in the origin of aids.	it is proposed that the new american and european aids epidemics are caused by recreational and anti-hiv drugs rather than by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). chronologically, the aids epidemic in the 1980s followed a massive escalation in the consumption of recreational drugs that started in the 1960s and 70s. epidemiologically, both epidemics derive about 80% of their victims from the same groups of 20-44 year-olds, of which 90% are males. in america 32% of these are intravenous drug users ...	1992	1421032
effects of cytokines from activated immune cells on vascular cell growth and hiv-1 gene expression. implications for aids-kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) arises more frequently in homosexual and bisexual men than in other groups of hiv-1 infected individuals. clinico-epidemiologic data indicate that homosexuals often are infected with multiple microbial agents and/or subjected to other antigenic stimuli, preceding or accompanying hiv-1 infection. signs of immune activation, in fact, frequently have been detected in these individuals, and the onset of ks can precede any sign of immunodeficiency. these data have suggested that ...	1992	1431144
ocular tissue involvement in hiv infection: immunological and pathological aspects.	the cns afflictions in aids are myriad and suggest a tropism of hiv to neural tissue. ocular involvement is a frequent manifestation of the hiv infection, resulting in a high incidence of blindness within this patient population. ocular lesions include cotton wool spots, presumably from hiv-induced microvasculopathy, retinal hemorrhage in cytomegalovirus retinitis and conjunctival kaposi's sarcoma. these manifestations have been noted in up to 71% of aids patients. in fact, ocular disease is oft ...	1992	1431423
recognizing the oral manifestations of aids.	the first sign of hiv infection may be an unusual or rapidly progressive condition of the oral cavity, including malignancies such as kaposi's sarcoma. early diagnosis of these oral conditions can lead to early diagnosis of hiv infection and subsequent treatment with antiretroviral agents that may improve the prognosis. this illustrated review outlines the presenting signs and symptoms of the most common oral manifestations of the aids virus, including hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, kaposi's sa ...	1992	1449978
hiv disease and aids in women: current knowledge and a research agenda.	the study of the clinical manifestations, progression, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women has begun in earnest. aids-defining diseases that are more common in women than in men include wasting syndrome, esophageal candidiasis, and herpes simplex virus disease, whereas kaposi's sarcoma is rare. non-aids-defining gynecological conditions such as vaginal candida infections and cervical pathology are prevalent among women at all stages of hiv infection. associations ...	1992	1453325
kaposi's sarcoma: a review of gene expression and ultrastructure of ks spindle cells in vivo.	the ultrastructural features and the gene expression pattern of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) spindle cells in vivo suggest that ks is a tumor of the mixed cell type. the expression pattern of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the tumor lesion, together with the results obtained from in vitro characterization of ks-derived cells, provide evidence that paracrine mechanisms of growth factor action are important for the maintenance of ks. the reports on virus infection of ks cells suggest an indirect rol ...	1992	1457189
clinical aspects of kaposi's sarcoma.	kaposi's sarcoma is the most common tumor found in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. this opportunistic neoplasm has characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease. growth factors, cytokines, immune suppression, and interaction with infectious organisms all appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder. the manifestations of kaposi's sarcoma are protean, and lesions may appear at any time in the course of human immunodeficiency virus disease, remain ...	1992	1457502
human immunodeficiency virus as a risk factor in miscellaneous cancers.	the association of malignancies, such as non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma, with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been recognized since the beginning of the epidemic. however, an increasing number of tumors not diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described in this setting. taking into consideration that survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection is increasing because of improvement of supportive care and better control of human immu ...	1992	1457506
the absence of tat sequences in tissues of hiv-negative patients with epidemic kaposi's sarcoma.	tat, an essential regulatory protein of hiv, acts as a growth factor for kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-derived cells in culture. we tested the hypothesis that hiv-negative epidemic ks patients who are also at high risk for hiv disease might have been infected with a defective hiv-1 virus that retained the ability to express tat.	1992	1466845
[bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis in aids. two cases].	bacillary angiomatosis is a newly recognized multisystem opportunistic infection seen in the human immunodeficiency virus infection. the disease is marked by papular and nodular vascular skin lesions that clinically resemble kaposi's sarcoma. histologically, the lesions are different and show clusters of bacteria showing the structure of gram negative bacilli staining with warthin-starry stain. transmission electron microscopy shows that the organisms (1 to 2 microns) have a trilamellar wall str ...	1992	1470624
aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors.	the hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes aids has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of aids, the annual aids risk and the very heterogeneous aids diseases of infected persons. the correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) aids includes 25 previously known diseases and two clinically and epidemiologically very different epidemics, one in america and europe, the ...	1992	1492119
[bacteremia caused by non-typhoid salmonellas during an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the african adult].	infection caused by non-typhous salmonellae during the course of hiv infection is known since 1983. the authors report on 103 bacteremiae of this type found in one year. diagnosis has been based on hemocultures. 86 patients out of 103 were hiv+. all of them were febrile. 67 suffered from digestive disorders, 33 with diarrhoea. splenomegalia was noted in 16 cases and consciousness troubles in 13 cases. at the admission, 8 complications were observed. other infections were associated in 86 cases p ...	1992	1494316
malignancy in autoimmune diseases.	rheumatoid arthritis (ra) represents the autoimmune disease that has been most studied in relation to malignancy. an examination of all published cohort studies has indicated a 9.7-fold increase of non-hodgkin's lymphoma among ra patients after immunosuppressive therapy, and a 2.5-fold increase in the absence of such treatment. corresponding data for sjögren's syndrome point to a similar contrast. these findings are inseparable from the hypothesis of impaired immunosurveillance which implies tha ...	1992	1503633
eight year prospective study of hiv infection in a cohort of homosexual men--clinical progression, immunological and virological markers.	three hundred and fourteen homosexual/bisexual men at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (170 seroprevalent hiv-positive, 144 seronegative) were prospectively studied over 8 years to assess rates of hiv infection and disease progression, in conjunction with cellular and hiv serological markers. in hiv-positive subjects, cd4+ lymphocyte counts rose strikingly during the period surrounding seroconversion, then fell progressively over the intervening period to a mean level of 300 ...	1992	1504157
endocrine complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	the causes and management of endocrine disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are reviewed. endocrine disorders observed in hiv-positive patients include adrenal abnormalities, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, pituitary insufficiency, pancreatic abnormalities, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, and testicular abnormalities. opportunistic pathogens implicated in these disorders include cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus, toxoplasma, mycobacteria, candida, and aspergillu ...	1992	1511543
pulmonary function in human immunodeficiency virus infection. a prospective 18-month study of serial lung function in 474 patients.	to investigate the development of a reduced dlco in patients with hiv-related disease, we studied 474 hiv-seropositive patients and performed serial lung function measurements over 18 months. the mean values of dlco at presentation were lower in patients with more advanced hiv disease compared with asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients (dlco 88% of predicted). when compared with the dlco in asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients, the dlco had reduced values in patients with persistent generaliz ...	1992	1519857
correlation of oral disease with the walter reed staging scheme for hiv-1-seropositive patients.	this study correlates the prevalent oral disease findings in 390 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) with their level of staging (walter reed) and depletion of peripheral helper t lymphocytes (cd4+). chronic lymphadenopathy of the head and neck was a common finding (59.2%) that occurred early in staging progression and did not correlate with depression of helper t-cell levels. of the three prevalent oral disease findings (oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl), candidiasi ...	1992	1532056
auditory brain stem responses in patients with human immunotropic virus infection of different stages.	thirty patients (26 men, 4 women) with human immunotropic virus infection of different stages were examined. eleven patients had a history of i.v. drug abuse, nine patients had a history of treated lues infection, and one patient suffered from kaposi's sarcoma. at the time of the examination, opportunistic infections or acute encephalitis were not apparent in any patient. all patients underwent otoneurological examinations, including pure-tone audiometry, caloric vestibular testing, and recordin ...	1992	1541374