Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effects of reserpine on reproduction and serotonin immunoreactivity in the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.). | biogenic amines are known to play critical roles in key insect behaviors such as feeding and reproduction. this study documents the effects of reserpine on mating and egg-laying behaviors of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), which is one of the most significant biting fly pests affecting cattle. two sperm staining techniques were adapted successfully to reveal the morphology of stable fly sperm, for the first time, and determine successful mating in females through th ... | 2013 | 23321479 |
| occurrence of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli in stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | this study aimed to verify the occurrence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains in three distinct anatomic parts of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr multiplex). according to the results obtained, e. coli was identified in 19.5% of the stable flies. shiga toxin genes were detected in 13% of the e. coli isolated, most frequently from the surface, followed by abdominal digestive tract and mouth apparatus of insects, respectively. this ... | 2013 | 23856725 |
| a xenodiagnostic method using musca domestica for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis and examining the anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin. | equine habronematidosis has a global distribution and is caused by three spirurid species, habronema muscae, habronema microstoma and draschia megastoma. a case of cutaneous habronematidosis in a stallion in a stable in dubai, uae gave occasion to investigate the parasite situation on the farm. patent h. muscae infections were diagnosed in 18 out of 49 horses in a stable in dubai, uae with a xenodiagnostic test using houseflies as indicator host. all horses in the stable were treated with a sing ... | 2013 | 23845307 |
| first report of trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in são paulo state, brazil. | this is the first description of a trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of são paulo (municipality of lins). fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. flagellated ... | 2013 | 22832751 |
| stable fly phenology in a mixed agricultural--wildlife ecosystem in northeast montana. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), is a cosmopolitan species of blood-feeding muscidae and an important pest of cattle. although the cattle industry is the largest commodity in montana, no research has been conducted on the abundance, distribution, or impact of stable flies in the state. observations of stable flies attacking west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) -infected pelicans on a refuge in close proximity to pastured and confined cattle provided an opportunit ... | 2013 | 23339785 |
| molecular characterization and immunolocalization of the olfactory co-receptor orco from two blood-feeding muscid flies, the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans, l.) and the horn fly (haematobia irritans irritans, l.). | biting flies are economically important blood-feeding pests of medical and veterinary significance. chemosensory-based biting fly behaviours, such as host/nutrient source localization and ovipositional site selection, are intriguing targets for the development of supplemental control strategies. in an effort to expand our understanding of biting fly chemosensory pathways, transcripts encoding the highly conserved insect odorant co-receptor (orco) were isolated from two representative biting fly ... | 2013 | 23278866 |
| transmission of pathogens by stomoxys flies (diptera, muscidae): a review. | stomoxys flies are mechanical vectors of pathogens present in the blood and skin of their animal hosts, especially livestock, but occasionally humans. in livestock, their direct effects are disturbance, skin lesions, reduction of food intake, stress, blood loss, and a global immunosuppressive effect. they also induce the gathering of animals for mutual protection; meanwhile they favor development of pathogens in the hosts and their transmission. their indirect effect is the mechanical transmissi ... | 2013 | 23985165 |
| temporal changes in the bacterial community of animal feces and their correlation with stable fly oviposition, larval development, and adult fitness. | stable flies are blood-feeding insects with a great negative impact on animals world wide. larvae develop primarily in animal manure and bacteria are essential for larval development; however, the principle of this dependence is not understood. we hypothesized that as the microbial community of animal manure changes over time, it plays an important role in stable fly fitness. two-choice bioassays were conducted using 2 week old horse manure (control) and aging horse manure (fresh to 5 week old) ... | 2014 | 25426108 |
| demonstration of lumpy skin disease virus infection in amblyomma hebraeum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using immunohistochemistry. | lumpy skin disease (lsd) is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv), a member of the genus capripoxvirus. transmission of the virus has been associated with haematophagous insects such as stomoxys calcitrans as well as aedes and culex species of mosquitoes. recent studies have reported the transmission of the virus by amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks and the presence of lsdv in saliva of a. hebraeum and r. appendiculatus ticks. the aim of th ... | 2014 | 24287140 |
| antifungal activity of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in stomoxys calcitrans larvae. | the microbiota present in stomoxys calcitrans larvae may assist their survival in contaminated environments through production of inhibitory substances. bacteriological identification methods, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) were used to detect a bacterium naturally present in mucus and macerated s. calcitrans larvae. the antifungal activity was determined based on the results from disk diffusion tests on an artificial solid medium. the bacterium was id ... | 2014 | 25054498 |
| stomoxys calcitrans as possible vector of trypanosoma evansi among camels in an affected area of the canary islands, spain. | trypanosoma evansi was first identified in the canary islands in 1997, and is still present in a small area of the archipelago. to date, the disease has exclusively affected camel herds, and has not been detected in any other animal hosts. however potential vectors of trypanosoma evansi must be identified. | 2014 | 25229294 |
| reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in brazil. | the profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. economic losses caused by cattle parasites in brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. estimates in u.s. dollars (usd) were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. relevant parasites that affect cattl ... | 2014 | 25054492 |
| efficacy and longevity of newly developed catnip oil microcapsules against stable fly oviposition and larval growth. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), is one of the most important pests of cattle and costs u.s. cattle producers billions of dollars in losses annually. in this study, the efficacy of catnip oil encapsulated in gelatin in oviposition deterrence and larval growth inhibition in stable flies was examined under laboratory conditions. more than 98% inhibition of stable fly larval growth and female oviposition was observed in larval and oviposition media treated with encapsulated ... | 2014 | 24111783 |
| efficacy of novaluron as a feed-through for control of immature horn flies, house flies, and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) developing in cow manure. | two rates (0.4 mg/kg body weight/d and 0.6 mg/kg body weight/d) of a daily feed-through formulation of novaluron (novaluron 0.67% active ingredient cattle mix), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, were evaluated for efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), house flies, musca domestica l., and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), developing in cow manure. both rates of feed-through novaluron, delivered consecutively for 10 d, reduced adult emergence ... | 2014 | 25118422 |
| development of a novel walk-through fly trap for the control of horn flies and other pests on pastured dairy cows. | a prototype walk-through fly vacuum system, designed to remove horn flies haematobia irritans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) from cattle, was developed and tested for efficacy. the study was conducted during 4 fly seasons over 17 consecutive weeks each year within the months of may through september at 1 dairy research herd in the coastal plain of north carolina. additional data on horn flies, as well as face flies (musca autumnalis) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), were collected during 1 yr f ... | 2014 | 24792800 |
| serological responses and biomarker evaluation in mice and pigs exposed to tsetse fly bites. | tsetse flies are obligate blood-feeding insects that transmit african trypanosomes responsible for human sleeping sickness and nagana in livestock. the tsetse salivary proteome contains a highly immunogenic family of the endonuclease-like tsal proteins. in this study, a recombinant version of tsal1 (rtsal1) was evaluated in an indirect elisa to quantify the contact with total glossina morsitans morsitans saliva, and thus the tsetse fly bite exposure. | 2014 | 24853371 |
| development and oviposition preference of house flies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) in six substrates from florida equine facilities. | house flies, musca domestica l., and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), (diptera: muscidae), common pests on equine facilities, were studied in the laboratory to determine the success and duration of larval development and oviposition preferences on six substrates commonly found on equine facilities. substrates tested were hay soiled with urine and manure, fresh horse manure, pine shaving bedding soiled with urine and manure (<12 h old), pine shaving bedding soiled with urine and manure (ag ... | 2014 | 26309300 |
| behavioural and electroantennogram responses of the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans l.) to plant essential oils and their mixtures with attractants. | insect olfactory organs possess many olfactory receptor neurons, which detect many different sets of odorants in nature. in order to feed on blood meals, stable flies locate host animals and humans using chemical cues such as 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid. in the present study, behavioural and electroantennogram (eag) response patterns to repellent volatiles from essential oils (eos) of zanthoxylum piperitum and z. armatum in combination with the attractants were investigated. | 2014 | 23564737 |
| repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans). | a laboratory study was conducted to assess the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri- act/frontect merial) against stomoxys calcitrans (stable flies). | 2015 | 25627104 |
| external morphology of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) larvae. | scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the external morphology of first-, second-, and third-instar stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans (l.)). in the cephalic region, the antennae, labial lobe, and maxillary palpi are morphologically similar among instars. antennae comprise a prominent anterior dome that is the primary site of olfaction, while the maxillary palpi are innervated with mechano- and chemosensilla and scolopodia. the ventral organ and facial mask, also located in the pseudoce ... | 2015 | 26335469 |
| effect of mutual interference on the ability of spalangia cameroni (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to attack and parasitize pupae of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | we investigated the effect of mutual interference on the attack efficiency and the rate of successful parasitism on the parasitoid spalangia cameroni (perkins) attacking pupae of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.). female parasitoids (2, 4, 8, 16, or 32) were exposed to 100 fly pupae during 24 h. the number of pupae that were attacked and the number successfully parasitized increased with the parasitoid density and reached a maximum of ∼70 and 50, respectively. parasitoid-induced mortality ... | 2015 | 26314052 |
| temperature-dependent functional response of spalangia cameroni (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), a parasitoid of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | the effects of host density, temperature, and burial depths on the functional response of the synovigenic parasitoid spalangia cameroni (perkins) attacking pupae of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) were examined. five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°c), six host densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 pupae per 19.64 cm(2)), and three burial depths in whole wheat grains (0, 8, and 16 cm) were used. it was demonstrated that temperature had a profound effect on the functional response, wher ... | 2015 | 26308810 |
| synergistic trap response of the false stable fly and little house fly (diptera: muscidae) to acetic acid and ethanol, two principal sugar fermentation volatiles. | in an initial observation, large numbers of muscoid flies (diptera) were captured as nontarget insects in traps baited with solutions of acetic acid plus ethanol. in subsequent field experiments, numbers of false stable fly muscina stabulans (fallén) and little house fly fannia canicularis (l.) trapped with the combination of acetic acid plus ethanol were significantly higher than those trapped with either chemical alone, or in unbaited traps. flies were trapped with acetic acid and ethanol that ... | 2015 | 26314021 |
| comparison of host-seeking behavior of the filth fly pupal parasitoids, spalangia cameroni and muscidifurax raptor (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | the pupal parasitoids, spalangia cameroni perkins and muscidifurax raptor girault and sanders, can be purchased for biological control of house flies musca domestica l. and stable flies stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae). little is known about the odors involved in host-seeking behavior of these two species, so odors associated with house flies were investigated in the laboratory using a y-tube olfactometer. odor stimuli from house fly host puparia, larvae, pine-shavings bedding with h ... | 2015 | 26313187 |
| natural besnoitia besnoiti infections in cattle: chronology of disease progression. | bovine besnoitiosis is an emerging protozoan disease in cattle. neither vaccines nor chemotherapeutic drugs are currently available for prevention and treatment of besnoitia besnoiti infections. therefore the implementation of appropriate disease management strategies is of utmost importance. the aim of this longitudinal study was to complement current knowledge on the chronology of disease progression. this was realized by correlating clinical findings in early stages of naturally acquired bovi ... | 2015 | 25886463 |
| antimicrobial activity of stomoxys calcitrans against beauveria bassiana sensu lato isolates. | this study had the aims of evaluating the antimicrobial characteristics of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) larvae against the fungal isolates cg138, cg228 and esalq986 of beauveria bassiana sensu lato (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin, 1912 (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae). s. calcitrans eggs, larvae and pupae were exposed to these same isolates. statistical analysis showed that the immature stages of s. calcitrans were not susceptible to the fungal isolates used, regardless of the exposure met ... | 2015 | 26444064 |
| efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae in the control of infestation by stable flies stomoxys calcitrans (l.), under natural infestation conditions. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an isolate of metarhizium anisopliae applied by aspersion to control of stomoxys calcitrans flies in dairy cattle naturally infested. was applied by aspersion an aqueous formulation of m. anisopliae sensu lato (ma134), at a concentration of 1×10(8)conidia/ml, four times with seven day intervals, on a group of eight holstein cows; a control group of eight holstein cows, received a water solution with tween 80 (0.1%). the average number o ... | 2015 | 26209932 |
| persistence and retention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | we investigated the acquisition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus by the stable fly (diptera: muscidae; stomoxys calcitrans (l.)) through a bloodmeal, and virus persistence in the digestive organs of the fly using virus isolation and quantitative reverse-transcription pcr (qrt-pcr). stable flies were fed blood containing live virus, modified live vaccine virus, chemically inactivated virus, or no virus. stable flies acquired prrsv from the bloodmeal and the amount of ... | 2015 | 26336236 |
| biology and trapping of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) developing in pineapple residues (ananas comosus) in costa rica. | pineapple production in costa rica increased nearly 300-fold during the last 30 yr, and >40,000 hectares of land are currently dedicated to this crop. at the end of the pineapple cropping cycle, plants are chopped and residues incorporated into the soil in preparation for replanting. associated with increased pineapple production has been a large increase in stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations. stable flies are attracted to, and oviposit in, the decomposing, chopped pineapple resid ... | 2015 | 26454479 |
| stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) outbreaks: current situation and future outlook with emphasis on brazil. | the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. in the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. ... | 2015 | 26689177 |
| comparison of the olfactory preferences of four of filth fly pupal parasitoid species (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) for hosts in equine and bovine manure. | house flies (musca domestica l.) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans (l.)) (diptera: muscidae) are common pests in equine and cattle facilities. pupal parasitoids, primarily in the genera spalangia and muscidifurax (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), can be purchased for biological control of these flies. however, little is known about the host-habitat preferences associated with host-seeking by these parasitoids. the preferences of two spalangia and two muscidifurax species to odors associated with ... | 2015 | 26314022 |
| behavioural responses of stable flies to cattle manure slurry associated odourants. | stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans [diptera: muscidae] l.) are blood-feeding synanthropic pests, which cause significant economic losses in livestock. stable fly antennae contain olfactory sensilla responsive to host and host environment-associated odours. field observation indicated that the abundance of stable flies increased significantly in grasslands or crop fields when cattle manure slurry was applied. major volatile compounds emanating from manure slurry were collected and identified. beha ... | 2015 | 25557192 |
| enhanced repellency of binary mixtures of calophyllum inophyllum nut oil fatty acids or their esters and three terpenoids to stomoxys calcitrans. | an assessment was made of the repellency to female stable flies of tamanu nut oil fatty acids or their esters alone (each 0.5 mg cm(-2) ) or in combination with cuminyl alcohol, cuminaldehyde and α-phellandrene (each 0.25 mg cm(-2) ), using an exposed human hand bioassay. results were compared with those of synthetic repellent deet (0.25 mg cm(-2) ). | 2015 | 25204729 |
| spatial distribution, seasonality and trap preference of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae), adults on a 12-hectare zoological park. | although this study was originally designed to compare the efficacy of two different stable fly traps within 10 sites at a 12-ha zoological park, seasonal and spatial population distribution data were simultaneously collected. the two traps included an alsynite fiberglass cylindrical trap (aft) and a blue-black cloth target modified into a cylindrical trap (bct). both traps were covered with sticky sleeves to retain the attracted flies. paired trap types were placed at sites that were 20-100 m a ... | 2015 | 24740859 |
| stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), dispersal and governing factors. | although the movement of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. on a local scale (<13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock regularly congregate. small numbers emigrate from livestock congregation sites in search of other hosts and oviposition substrate, mostly within <1.6 km. such local movement occurs by flight ~90 cm above ground, ... | 2015 | 26816486 |
| description of a nanobody-based competitive immunoassay to detect tsetse fly exposure. | tsetse flies are the main vectors of human and animal african trypanosomes. the tsal proteins in tsetse fly saliva were previously identified as suitable biomarkers of bite exposure. a new competitive assay was conceived based on nanobody (nb) technology to ameliorate the detection of anti-tsal antibodies in mammalian hosts. | 2015 | 25658871 |
| stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) from confined beef cattle do not carry shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) in the digestive tract. | stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) are very common around confined and pastured cattle, and due to their painful bites they are very important animal pests. cattle are asymptomatic reservoirs of foodborne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga-toxigenic e. coli serotypes (stec). in the present study, the potential of stable flies to carry stec in a beef cattle feedlot was assessed. | 2016 | 26650821 |
| a comparison of attractants for sampling stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) on dairy farms in saraburi province, thailand. | the efficacy of different stable fly attractants was evaluated at four dairy cattle farms in muak lek district, saraburi province, thailand. dry ice, octenol, a mixture of cow dung and urine, a combination of dry ice plus octenol, and no attractants (control) were tested with vavoua traps. in total, 7,000 individuals of stomoxys species were collected between july 2013 to september 2014, of which 1,058, 867, 1,274, and 3,801 were trapped on farms 1–4, respectively. four species of stomoxys were ... | 2016 | 26614795 |
| environmental parameters associated with stable fly (diptera: muscidae) development at hay feeding sites. | substrates composed of hay residues, dung, and urine accumulate around winter hay feeding sites in cattle pastures, providing developmental habitats for stable flies. the objective of this study was to relate physiochemical and microbial properties of these substrates to the presence or absence of stable fly larvae. properties included ph, temperature, moisture, ammonium concentration, electrical conductivity, and numbers of coliform, fecal coliform,escherichia coli, andenterococcusbacteria. eac ... | 2016 | 27016003 |
| high relative abundance of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans is associated with lumpy skin disease outbreaks in israeli dairy farms. | the vector of lumpy skin disease (lsd), a viral disease affecting bovidae, is currently unknown. to evaluate the possible vector of lsd virus (lsdv) under field conditions, a yearlong trapping of dipterans was conducted in dairy farms that had been affected by lsd, 1-2 years previously. this was done in order to calculate monthly relative abundances of each dipteran in each farm throughout the year. the relative abundances of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) in the months parallel to the ... | 2016 | 27976815 |
| short communication: relationship between serum cortisol concentration and defensive behavioral responses of dairy cows exposed to natural infestation by stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | the aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of natural infestation by stomoxys calcitrans on the behavioral and adrenocortical responses of dairy cattle. twenty holstein cows randomly selected were individually sprayed with insecticide once every 7d, whereas no insecticide was applied to the other 20 animals. the average number of flies per cow was estimated daily, and the frequency of fly-avoidance behaviors was measured daily; plasma cortisol concentration was measured each morn ... | 2016 | 27665135 |
| oviposition deterrence and immature survival of filth flies (diptera: muscidae) when exposed to commercial fungal products. | filth flies are pests of livestock, and can transmit pathogens that cause disease to animals and their caretakers. studies have shown successful infection of adult filth flies following exposure to different strains and formulations of entomopathogenic fungi. this study aimed to examine the effects of commercial formulations of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) (moniliales: moniliaceae) (i.e., botanigard es, mycotrol o, balence), and metarhizium brunneum (metsch.) (ascomycota: hypocreales) (i.e., met ... | 2016 | 27302955 |
| house and stable fly seasonal abundance, larval development substrates, and natural parasitism on small equine farms in florida. | house flies, musca domestica linnaeus, and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), are common pests on horse farms. the successful use of pupal parasitoids for management of these pests requires knowledge of seasonal fluctuations and biology of the flies as well as natural parasitism levels. however, these dynamics have not been investigated on small equine farms. a 1-year field study began in july 2010, in north central florida, to determine adult fly population levels and b ... | 2016 | 26902468 |
| genetic variability of the stable fly assessed on a global scale using amplified fragment length polymorphism. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), is a blood-feeding, economically important pest of animals and humans worldwide. improved management strategies are essential and their development would benefit from studies on genetic diversity of stable flies. especially if done on a global scale, such research could generate information necessary for the development and application of more efficient control methods. herein we report on a genetic study of stable flies using amplifi ... | 2016 | 25788399 |
| visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping. | stable flies are considered to be one of the major blood-feeding pests in the us livestock industry, causing losses running into billions of dollars annually. adult stable flies are highly attracted to alsynite traps; however, alsynite is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain and is expensive. | 2016 | 26662853 |
| potential of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus heterorhabditis for the control of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | the present study verified the pathogenic potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) of the genus heterorhabditis (heterorhabditis bacteriophora, isolate hp88 and heterorhabditis baujardi isolate lpp7) to immature stages of stomoxys calcitrans in the laboratory. all epn concentrations of the h. bacteriophora hp88 strain caused mean larval mortality greater than 90% after four days. higher concentrations of the h. baujardi lpp7 isolate (≥50 epns/larva) eliminated more than 70% of larvae after ... | 2017 | 29160358 |
| improved capture of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) by placement of knight stick sticky fly traps protected by electric fence inside animal exhibit yards at the smithsonian's national zoological park. | stable flies are noxious blood-feeding pests of exotic animals at zoological parks, inflicting painful bites, and causing discomfort to animals. stable fly management is difficult because of the flies' tendency to remain on the host animals only when feeding. non-toxic traps can be efficient but traps placed around exhibit perimeters captured fewer-than-expected numbers of flies. by surrounding traps with square electric fence enclosures, traps could be placed in the exhibits with the host anima ... | 2017 | 29105825 |
| a mammalian blood odor component serves as an approach-avoidance cue across phylum border - from flies to humans. | chemosignals are used by predators to localize prey and by prey to avoid predators. these cues vary between species, but the odor of blood seems to be an exception and suggests the presence of an evolutionarily conserved chemosensory cue within the blood odor mixture. a blood odor component, e2d, has been shown to trigger approach responses identical to those triggered by the full blood odor in mammalian carnivores and as such, is a key candidate as a food/alarm cue in blood. using a multidiscip ... | 2017 | 29057956 |
| modeling the temperature- and age-dependent survival, development, and oviposition rates of stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans) (diptera: muscidae). | stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans (l.)) can be a serious pest associated with cattle facilities. in denmark, they occur most abundantly at organic farms, where they cannot be controlled by means of insecticides. on traditional farms, where chemical control is widely used, development of resistance is of increasing concern. therefore, interest in biological control or other alternative methods has been growing during the recent years. in order to understand the complex relationships between a pes ... | 2017 | 28981634 |
| identification of stable fly attractant compounds in vinasse, a byproduct of sugarcane-ethanol distillation. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), is a worldwide pest of livestock. recent outbreaks of stable flies in sugarcane fields in brazil have become a serious problem for livestock producers. larvae and pupae found inside sugarcane stems after harvesting may indicate that stable flies use these stems as potential oviposition or larval development sites. field observations suggest that outbreaks of stable flies are associated with the vinasse and filter cake derived from biomass ... | 2017 | 28833391 |
| precipitation and temperature effects on stable fly (diptera: muscidae) population dynamics. | the dynamics of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations relative to temperature and precipitation were evaluated in a 13-yr study in eastern nebraska. during the course of the study, >1.7 million stable flies were collected on an array of 25 sticky traps. a log-normal model using degree-days with a 15 °c threshold and weekly lags 0-4 for temperature and 2-7 for precipitation provided the best fit with the observed data. the relationships of temperature and precipitation to stable fly t ... | 2017 | 28369413 |
| the knight stick trap and knight stick sticky wraps: new tools for stable fly (diptera: muscidae) management. | stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), management can be difficult, especially in situations where pesticide usage is restricted or disallowed. traps have been used for monitoring stable flies, but have rarely been used for management. the knight stick (ks) trap recently became available, and preliminary studies indicated that it might be an improvement to traps currently in use. the olson sticky fly trap was chosen as the control trap for the purpose of comparisons. both trap ... | 2017 | 28334297 |
| augmenting laboratory rearing of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) larvae with ammoniacal salts. | stable flies are blood feeding parasites and serious pests of livestock. the immature stages develop in decaying materials which frequently have high ammonium content. we added various ammonium salts to our laboratory stable fly rearing medium and measured their effect on size and survival as well as the physical properties of the used media. the addition of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate reduced larval survival. these compounds decreased ph and increased ammonium co ... | 2017 | 28130462 |
| macrochelid mites (mesostigmata: macrochelidae) from são paulo state, brazil, with description of a new species of macrocheles. | macrochelid mites have been reported in several papers about mites of different habitats in brazil, but this is the first work specifically conducted to determine the macrochelids from that country. the main goal was to determine macrochelid species in microhabitats where the stable fly is usually found in commercial cattle farms. in total, 1359 specimens were collected from cow manure and litter in different regions of são paulo state. these represented ten species of three genera. one of these ... | 2017 | 28610326 |
| evidence for sticky-trap avoidance by stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), in response to trapped flies. | populations of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans, and other filth flies are often sampled using sticky traps. we wanted to know whether flies already caught on sticky traps might inhibit to some extent subsequent flies from being caught. to test this, we recorded the number of stable flies landing on white plastic corrugated panels (coroplast®), which were prepared according to 4 treatments: 12 live stable flies glued to the surface, 12 live house flies (musca domestica) glued to the surface, 12 ... | 2017 | 28854114 |
| field trials of fatty acids and geraniol applied to cattle for suppression of horn flies, haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae), with observations on fly defensive behaviors. | adult horn fly populations were tracked on cattle for 2-week periods before, during and after multiple treatments (every 3-4days) with two repellents in a mineral oil carrier. cattle were sprayed four times in a two-week period either with 2% geraniol (125ml/cow) or a 15% mixture of short chain fatty acids (c8-c9-c10)(250ml/cow), and there were untreated control cattle. trials were conducted in california and north carolina for 3 summers. short-term fly counts (same day) on treated cattle were r ... | 2017 | 28969832 |
| hsp70/j-protein machinery from glossina morsitans morsitans, vector of african trypanosomiasis. | tsetse flies (glossina spp.) are the sole vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus trypanosoma, the causative agents of african trypanosomiasis. species of glossina differ in vector competence and glossina morsitans morsitans is associated with transmission of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which causes an acute and often fatal form of african trypanosomiasis. heat shock proteins are evolutionarily conserved proteins that play critical roles in proteostasis. the activity of heat shock pr ... | 2017 | 28902917 |
| effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (musca domestica) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans). | the house fly musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) and stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) are major pests of livestock. biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. three strains of beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae) and one strain of metarhizium brunneum (petch) ( ... | 2017 | 27781284 |
| lethal effects of the insect growth regulator cyromazine against three species of filth flies, musca domestica, stomoxys calcitrans, and fannia canicularis (diptera: muscidae) in cattle, swine, and chicken manure. | the presence of various species of filth flies is a widespread problem where livestock, including poultry, are maintained and where manure accumulates. the house fly, musca domestica l.; the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.); and the little house fly, fannia canicularis (l.) (each diptera: muscidae), the target pests in our study, can mechanically spread diseases, and s. calcitrans can bite cattle, causing losses in meat and milk production. chemical control is widely used to suppress filth f ... | 2017 | 28122880 |
| dispersal capacity of haematopota spp. and stomoxys calcitrans using a mark-release-recapture approach in belgium. | the dispersion potential of mechanical vectors is an important factor in the dissemination of pathogens. a mark-release-recapture experiment was implemented using two groups (unfed and partially fed) of the tabanidae (diptera) (haematopota spp.) and biting muscidae (diptera) (stomoxys calcitrans) most frequently collected in belgium in order to evaluate their dispersion potential. in total, 2104 specimens of haematopota spp. were collected directly from horses and 5396 s. calcitrans were collect ... | 2018 | 29344956 |