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fungal contamination of indoor public swimming pools, ahwaz, south-west of iran.using public swimming pools during different seasons and poor health behavior could be responsible in transmission of fungal disease through pool water and its environment. therefore, this research was conducted to investigate fungal agents of indoor public swimming pools of ahwaz, capital city of khouzestan province, south-west of iran.201023113031
investigation of anti-dermatophytic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on trichophyton mentagrophytes and epidermophyton floccosum.non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are the most common pharmacological group that has three primary therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-pyrexia, and analgesia. in this study, seven of nsaids were tested against two species of skin pathogenic fungi (dermatophytes). percentage inhibition was determined for effective agents. diclofenac, aspirin and naproxen showed much more ability to inhibit dermatophytes growth. epidermophyton floccosum revealed susceptibility to mor ...201124250387
changes of dermatophytoses in southwestern greece: an 18-year survey.the isolation and distribution rate of dermatophytes as causative agents of superficial mycoses of skin, hair, and nails during an 18-year period (1991-2008) at a university hospital are presented. a comparative analysis of epidemiological differences within the first (1991-1999) and the second 9-year period (2000-2008) was performed. skin scrapings, nail, and hair specimens were examined by a direct microscopic examination and culture. identification of dermatophyte species was based on macrosc ...201121331751
activity of tdt 067 (terbinafine in transfersome) against agents of onychomycosis, as determined by minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations.tdt 067 is a novel carrier-based dosage form (liquid spray) of 15 mg/ml of terbinafine in transfersome that has been developed to deliver terbinafine to the nail bed to treat onychomycosis. in this study, we report the in vitro activities of tdt 067 against dermatophytes, compared with those of the transfersome vehicle, naked terbinafine, and commercially available terbinafine (1%) spray. the mics of tdt 067 and comparators against 25 clinical strains each of trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophyt ...201121411586
clinico-epidemiological and mycological aspects of tinea incognito in iran: a 16-year study.tinea incognito is a dermatophytic infection in which topical or systemic steroids have modified the clinical appearance of the mycosis and mimicking other skin diseases.201121441710
[clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of dermatophytosis].dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have keratinase and can therefore cause infections in keratinised human and animal tissues (skin, hair and nails), leading to a disease known as dermatophytosis. this group is composed by the genera epidermophyton, trichophyton and microsporum, forming an approximated total of 40 species. depending on the source of the keratin used, dermatophytes can be divided in geophilic (soil), zoophilic (animals) and anthropophilic (human), with soil, ...201121458709
some epidemiological aspects of dermatophyte infections in southwest iran.distribution and prevalence of various species of dermatophytes are not the same in different areas of the world. the aim of the present study was epidemiologic evaluation of dermatophytic infections in our area. a retrospective epidemiologic study was carried out and all patients with dermatophyte positive smears identified at the referral center of southwest iran located in the city of ahvaz between march 2005 and march 2007 were investigated. body was divided into nine areas and information o ...201121489360
determination of antidermatophytic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on trichophyton mentagrophytes and epidermophyton floccosum.non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are one of the most common pharmacological agents. they have three primary therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic effects. seven nsaids were tested against two species of dermatophytes. percentage inhibition was determined for effective agents. diclofenac, aspirin and naproxen showed more potential to inhibit the growth of dermatophytes. epidermophyton floccosum revealed susceptibility to more number of the te ...201121535450
melanogenesis in dermatophyte species in vitro and during infection.dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that are the most common cause of fungal skin infections worldwide. melanin has been isolated from several important human fungal pathogens and the polymeric pigment is now recognized as an important virulence determinant. this study investigated whether dermatophytes, including trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum, and microsporum gypseum, produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and during infection. digestion of the ...201121565930
antidermatophytic activity of pyrazolo[3,4-c]isothiazoles: a preliminary approach on 4-chlorophenyl derivative for evaluation of mutagenic and clastogenic effects on bacteria and human chromosomes in vitro.the antifungal activity of eight pyrazolo[3,4-c]isothiazole derivatives was evaluated on five dermatophytes: three were of an anthropophilic species (i.e., epidermophyton floccosum, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton tonsurans) and two were of a geophilic species (i.e., microsporum gypseum and nannizzia cajetani). the new compounds proved to be unlikely effective in inhibiting the growth of the different strains. in general, the fungi parasitic on man were more sensitive than the geophilic sp ...201121649488
sertaconazole nitrate shows fungicidal and fungistatic activity against trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and epidermophyton floccosum, causative agents of tinea pedis.the fungistatic and fungicidal activity of sertaconazole against dermatophytes was evaluated by testing 150 clinical isolates of causative agents of tinea pedis, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and epidermophyton floccosum. the overall geometric means for fungistatic and fungicidal activity of sertaconazole against these isolates were 0.26 and 2.26 µg/ml, respectively, though values were higher for t. mentagrophytes compared with the others. this is the first comprehensive demo ...201121746955
ganoderma lucidum: a source for novel bioactive lectin.ganoderma lucidum is known for its high medicinal value, clinically used in treatment for various diseases. we have selected this mushroom for isolation of novel bioactive lectin. the isolation procedure comprised of ion-exchange chromatography on deae- cellulose and affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel. purified lectin was monomer with a molecular mass of 15 kda, determined by sds-page, gel filtration, maldi-tof. it showed hemagglutinating activity against both human and animal erythroc ...201121728991
isolation of the volatile oil from satureja thymbra by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: chemical composition and biological activity.satureja thymbra l. is well known in italy by the popular name of "santoreggia sarda". it grows only in sardinia and nowadays it is restricted to the slope of the colle san michele in cagliari. the composition of the aromatic extracts obtained by supercritical co2 and by hydrodistillation and their antifungal activity is reported. the collected extracts were analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms methods. no significant differences were observed in the composition of the volatile extracts depending on the ...201122164799
[fungal nail infections - an update : part 2 - from the causative agent to diagnosis - conventional and molecular procedures.]trichophyton (t.) rubrum is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in onychomycosis, both in germany and worldwide. t. interdigitale (formerly t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale) follows in second place. a further however rarely isolated dermatophyte in onychomycosis is epidermophyton floccosum. candida parapsilosis, candida guilliermondii, and candida albicans, followed by trichosporon spp. are the most important yeasts which are found in onychomycosis. the molds most often responsible inc ...201122037818
detection of antifungal compounds in polygonum ferrugineum wedd. extracts by bioassay-guided fractionation. some evidences of their mode of action.polygonum ferrugineum wedd. (polygonaceae) is used to heal infected wounds and as antiseptic, antibiotic or antifungal in the traditional argentinean medicine. the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antifungal properties of different extracts of aerial parts of polygonum ferrugineum, in order to give support to its ethnopharmacological use and to isolate the compounds responsible for the antifungal properties. the most active compounds were tested for their capacity of produci ...201122001591
Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatile extracts of Achillea millefolium.In this study, flowering aerial parts of wild Achillea millefolium growing on the Mediterranean coast (Sardinia Island, Italy) and on the Atlantic coast (Portugal- Serra de Montemuro) were used as a matrix for supercritical extraction of volatile oil with CO2 (SFE). The collected extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods and their composition were compared with that of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation. A strong chemical variability in essential oils depending on the origi ...201122164800
Antifungal activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae) from Italy and Portugal.The essential oils and supercritical CO(2) extracts of wild Smyrnium olusatrum L. growing in Sardinia (Italy) and in Portugal were investigated. For the study, oils were isolated from total plant aerial part (umbels containing seeds). The content of ß-phellandrene (67.3% vs. 42.7%) and a-pinene (31.9% vs. 1.2%), respectively, the main components of Portuguese and Italian essential oils, declined during the maturation stage of the umbels. Contrarily, some other important components, particularly ...201121902563
Assessment of antimicrobial, insecticidal and genotoxic effects of Melia azedarach L. (chinaberry) naturalized in Anatolia.In this study, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and genotoxic activities of the fruit and leaf extracts of Melia azedarach of Turkish origin were evaluated for the first time. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram (+) and ( - ) bacteria, four Candida species and three dermatophytic fungus (Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum gypseum). The insecticidal activity of the methanolic fruit extract was performed against the larvae of Aedes aegpyti, Culex ...201122149768
design, synthesis and antifungal activity of some new imidazole and triazole derivatives.triazole and imidazole are incorporated into the structures of many antifungal compounds. in this study a novel series of 1,2,4-triazole, imidazole, benzoimidazole, and benzotriazole derivatives was designed as inhibitors of cytochrome p450 14α-demethylase (14dm). these structures were docked into the active site of mt-cyp51, using autodock program. sixteen compounds with the best binding energy were synthesized. the chemical structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectr ...201121984016
chemical and biological diversity in fourteen selections of four ocimum species.biomass, essential oil yield, essential oil composition diversity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 14 selections of 4 ocimum species [ocimum basilicum l. (selections: t1-t10), o. gratissimum l. (selections: t11-t12), o. tenuiflorum l.f., syn. o. sanctum l. (selection: t13) and o. kilimandscharicum baker ex. guerke (selection: t14)] were investigated. o. basilicum selections t9 (methyl chavicol: 87.0%) and t10 {(z)- and (e)-methyl cinnamate: 69.1%} produced higher biomass (67.8 and ...201122224293
antifungal activity of aegle marmelos (l.) correa (rutaceae) leaf extract on dermatophytes.to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of aegle marmelos leaf extracts and fractions on the clinical isolates of dermatophytic fungi like trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum and epidermophyton floccosum.201123569781
direct detection of five common dermatophyte species in clinical samples using a rapid and sensitive 24-h pcr-elisa technique open to protocol transfer.identification of dermatophytes is usually based on morphological characteristics determined by time-consuming microscopic and cultural examinations. an effective pcr-elisa method has been developed for rapid detection of dermatophyte species directly from clinical specimens within 24 h. isolated genomic dna of skin scrapings and nail samples from patients with suspected dermatophyte infections is amplified with species-specific digoxigenin-labelled primers targeting the topoisomerase ii gene. t ...201119793206
a 5-year survey of dermatomycoses in southwest poland, years 2003-2007.the study was performed to analyse the spectrum of dermatomycoses in southwest poland during the period 2003-2007. a total of 10,486 patients were investigated for fungal skin infections by means of native specimen and cultivating procedures. skin scrapings, plucked hairs and nail clippings were examined and identified by direct microscopy and culture. from 2468 patients, 2753 fungi were identified including dermatophytes, yeast and moulds. among the dermatophytes, the most common pathogen isola ...201119925570
a clinico-epidemiological study on tinea gladiatorum in iranian wrestlers and mat contamination by dermatophytes.dermatophytosis is still being considered as one of the major public health problems in wrestlers. objectives: to identify the prevalence, clinical pattern, aetiological agents and the predominant transmission route of dermatophytoses in iranian wrestlers, a study was carried out in 2008. in total, 270 wrestlers from eight wrestling salons were evaluated. classical mycological techniques were performed on 135 skin scraping samples of 110 wrestlers suspicious for dermatophytoses and 240 touch pre ...201119917034
essential oil of juniperus communis subsp. alpina (suter) čelak needles: chemical composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity.essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. in the present work the composition and the antifungal activity of the oils of juniperus communis subsp. alpina (suter) čelak were evaluated. moreover, the skin cytotoxicity, at concentrations showing significant antifungal activity, was also evaluated. the oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. minimal inhibitory ...201222294341
antimicrobial activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from traditional medicinal plant, costus speciosus (koen ex.retz.) sm.costus speciosus (koen ex.retz.) sm (costaceae) is an indian ornamental plant which has long been used medicinally in traditional systems of medicine. the plant has been found to possess diverse pharmacological activities. rhizomes are used to treat pneumonia, rheumatism, dropsy, urinary diseases, jaundice, skin diseases and leaves are used to treat mental disorders.201222397713
characterization of an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces from catharanthus roseus stems producing polyene macrolide antibiotic.an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces sp. designated as ts3ro having antifungal activity against a large number of fungal pathogens, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cryphonectria parasitica, fusarium oxysporum, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, epidermophyton floccosum, and trichophyton rubrum, was isolated from surface-sterilized catharanthus roseus stems. preliminary identification showed that streptomyces cinnamoneus subsp. sparsus was it ...201222524528
prevalence of fungal skin infections in iranian wrestlers.fungal infections are one of the most common skin infections. athletes, especially in contact sports such as wrestlers are the group at risk of fungal skin infections (fsi). the aim of this study was to determine prevalence of fsi and some effective factors in wrestlers in tehran, iran.201223785573
anti-dermatophytic activity of marine sponge, sigmadocia carnosa (dendy) on clinically isolated fungi.to screen the anti-fungal effects and find out the active metabolites from sponge, sigmadocia carnosa (s. carnosa) against four dermatophytic fungi.201223569985
antimicrobial isothiocyanates from the seeds of moringa oleifera lam.4-(alpha-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (1) and 4-(4'-o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (2) isolated from moringa oleifera seeds were screened for their antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for their antifungal activities against candida albicans, trichophyton rubrum, and epidermophyton floccosum using the disk ...201223413749
[2006 epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses in japan].an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses and the causative fungus flora of dermatomycoses in japan for 2006 was made on a total number of 63,029 outpatients who visited 16 dermatological clinics throughout japan. the results were as follows. 1) dermatophytosis was the most prevalent cutaneus fungal infection (7,582 cases) seen in these clinics, followed by candidiasis (842 cases) and then malassezia infections (283 cases). 2) among dermatophytoses, tinea pedis was the most frequent (4,779 cas ...201223149353
epidemiology of dermatophytoses in crete, greece between 2004 and 2010.the present work was undertaken in order to study the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in the island of crete, greece, over a 7-year period (2004-2010) and to compare the results with those reported earlier from this region and from other parts of the world.201222648332
dermatophytes isolated from the mosques in tokat, turkey.dermatophytes are a group of fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as the skin, hair and nails. the aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the potential causative agents of dermatophytosis in the mosque area in tokat, turkey. thirty mosques were included in the study. a total of two hundred samples were collected from various parts of carpets and slippers in the mosques. positive cultures were obtained in 144 samples (113 from carpets, 31 from slippers). among the species iso ...201222576940
dermatophyte infections mimicking other skin diseases: a 154-person case survey of tinea atypica in the district of cagliari (italy).although usually simple, the diagnosis of dermatophyte infection is sometimes neglected. an observational study has been realized to evaluate the role of corticosteroid exposure (tinea incognito) and of other primary characteristics of the dermatophytosis that from onset mimic other diseases and mislead an unexperienced physician.201222435428
frequency and aetiology of dermatophytosis in children age 12 and under in the state of amazonas, brazil.few scientific studies have evaluated dermatophytosis among children in the state of amazonas or in the greater northern region of brazil.201222410497
inhibition of dermatophytes by the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin-2, ribonuclease 7 and psoriasin.previous studies have described some antibacterial effects of antimicrobial peptides (amps) expressed in human skin, but little is known about their possible activity against dermatophytes. therefore we have tested the effects of human β-defensin 2 (hbd-2), ribonuclease 7 (rnase 7) and psoriasin on the in vitro growth of four dermatophyte species. germinating conidia of trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, microsporum canis and epidermophyton floccosum were exposed in vitro to hbd-2, rnase 7, ...201222332906
maldi-tof mass spectrometry - a rapid method for the identification of dermatophyte species.altogether 285 dermatophyte isolates of 21 different species - including both trichophyton rubrum and t. interdigitale, but also eight additional trichophyton species, microsporum canis and seven other microsporum species, as well as epidermophyton floccosum and arthroderma spp. - were analyzed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and the anagnostec 'saramis' (spectral archiving and microbial identification system) software. in additio ...201322574631
molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in tehran, iran, a clinical and microbial survey.in the framework of a survey on dermatophytoses, 14,619 clinical specimens taken from outpatients with symptoms suggestive of tinea and referred to a medical mycology laboratory in tehran, iran, were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. in total, 777 dermatophyte strains recovered in culture were randomly identified by a formerly established rflp analysis method based on the rdna its regions. for confirmation of species identification, 160 isolates representing the likely entire species sp ...201322587730
in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin and caspofungin against dermatophytes isolated from china.the aims of this study are to investigate the in vitro activities of micafungin and caspofungin that are two new echinocandin antifungal drugs against clinically isolated dermatophytes in china and to define mec (minimal effective concentration) as the reading endpoints of this study in accordance with (clinical and laboratory standards institute) clsi m38-a2 reference.201322983900
in vitro activities of antifungal drugs against dermatophytes isolated in tokat, turkey.in this study, we aimed to establish the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of terbinafine, miconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, and amphotericin b against dermatophyte isolates.201324134487
efficacy of some synthesized thiazoles against dermatophytes.twelve thiazoles and their fused derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against trichophyton rubrum, t. terrestre, epidermophyton floccosum, and microsporum gypseum. most of the synthesized compounds were inhibitory to the tested fungi. the most effective compound was 5-(4-ethoxybenzylidene-4,5-dihydro-4-oxothiazol-2-yl)-n,3-diphenylbut-2-namide (3c) followed by 2-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-3-phenyl-but-2-enoic acid-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-amide ( ...201324129248
morphological and molecular identification of two strains of dermatophytes.in this study, we used traditional morphological and molecular identification methods to preliminarily identify two strains of dermatophytes. the two strains were observed under the microscope. and then the dermatophytes were cultured on sabouraud's dextrose agar (sda). the 18s rrna regions of the two dermatophyte strains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and the pcr products were sequenced and compared with genbank data. blast tools and dnaman software were used to analyze the ...201324337859
identification of dermatophytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.in this study we evaluated the suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for the identification of dermatophytes in diagnostic laboratories. first, a spectral database was built with 108 reference strains belonging to 18 species of the anamorphic genera epidermophyton, microsporum and trichophyton. all strains were well characterized by morphological criteria and its sequencing (gold standard). the dendrogram resulting from maldi-t ...201323228046
antifungal activity of phlorotannins against dermatophytes and yeasts: approaches to the mechanism of action and influence on candida albicans virulence factor.in the last few decades, fungal infections, particularly nosocomial, increased all around the world. this increment stimulated the search for new antifungal agents, especially those derived from nature. among natural products, those from marine sources have gained prominence in the last years. purified phlorotannins extracts from three brown seaweeds (cystoseira nodicaulis (withering) m. roberts, cystoseira usneoides (linnaeus) m. roberts and fucus spiralis linnaeus) were screened for their anti ...201323951297
isolation of the volatile fraction from apium graveolens l. (apiaceae) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation: chemical composition and antifungal activity.apium graveolens l. (wild celery), belonging to the family of apiaceae, is a scaposus hemicryptophyte. instead, the cultivate plant is an annual or biennial herb widely used as a spice and seasoning in food. a broad range of biological activities have been attributed to a. graveolens. these include antimicrobial activity, larvicidal activity, hepatoprotective activity, nematicidal and mosquito repellent potential and antihyperlipidaemic properties.in this study, the authors compare the compositi ...201322974401
onychomycosis: modern diagnostic and treatment approaches.the medical term onychomycosis should be understood as chronic infection of the nails caused by a fungus. the most common causative agents are the dermatophytes and candida species. the less common are certain types of moulds (nondermatophyte moulds or ndms). in approximately 60-80 % of the cases, onychomycosis is due to dermatophytes. among dermatophytes, the most often isolated causative pathogen is trichophyton (t.) rubrum. other common species are t. interdigitale (formerly t. mentagrophytes ...201323053563
a molecular epidemiological survey of clinically important dermatophytes in iran based on specific rflp profiles of beta-tubulin gene.surveillance of dermatophytosis is essential to determine the likely changes in etiological trends and distribution profile of this infection. in this study beta tubulin gene (bt2), was used as the first time in a pcr-rflp format to clarify the distribution of dermatophytosis agents in some parts of iran.201326060667
surveillance of dermatophytosis in northeast of iran (mashhad) and review of published studies.dermatophytoses are considered to be one of the major public health problems in the world and are among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases in iran. in spite of improved personal hygiene and living environment, dermatophytosis continues to spread and persist. to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and their etiologic agents in mashhad (iran), five hundred and sixty patients suspected to have fungal infection were studied. subjects who participated in this study were 330 males and 2 ...201323943426
treatment of onychomycosis using a submillisecond 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser.laser treatment has emerged as a novel treatment modality for onychomycosis.201323856649
in vitro antifungal activity of naftifine hydrochloride against dermatophytes.the incidence of superficial dermatophytoses is high in developed countries, and there remains a need for effective topical antifungals. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of naftifine hydrochloride, the active ingredient in naftifine hydrochloride cream and gel 1% and 2%, against dermatophytes. the mics and minimum fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) of naftifine hydrochloride against 350 clinical strains, including trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, t. tonsurans, ep ...201323817365
molecular analysis of dermatophytes suggests spread of infection among household members.dermatophyte infection from the same strains may be an important route for transmission of dermatophytoses within a household. in this study, we used molecular methods to identify dermatophytes in members of dermatophyte-infected households and evaluated variables associated with the spread of infection. fungal species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions (its1 and its4). for strain differentiation, fungal dna wa ...201323772429
public health significance of dermatophytes in ismailia and port said provinces, egypt.[corrected] dermatophytes are common in both developed and developing countries, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary geographically.201323760076
optimization of pcr-rflp directly from the skin and nails in cases of dermatophytosis, targeting the its and the 18s ribosomal dna regions.a pan fungal primer targeting the internal transcribed spacer (its) region and optimization of pcr-rflp using a dermatophyte specific primer targeted the 18s ribosomal dna (rdna) region were performed for the identification of dermatophyte species and strains directly from clinical specimens.201323730638
evaluation of bioactivities of chlorokojic acid derivatives against dermatophytes couplet with cytotoxicity.in an attempt to find novel antifungal agents with improved activity, a series of compounds bearing 6-chloromethyl-3-hydroxy-2-substituted 4h-pyran-4-one moiety were synthesized and examined for their cytotoxic evaluation and antifungal activities against both standard and isolated dermatophytic fungal species microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei and epidermophyton floccosum.201323664872
the use of albino adult hair and blond prepubertal hair yields equivalent results in an in vitro hair perforation test to differentiate between different dermatophytic fungi.an in vitro hair perforation test is used to differentiate isolates of trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum complexes because morphological criteria are insufficient. here, we performed in vitro hair perforation tests using blond prepubertal hair and albino adult hair to determine whether they differentiate between fungal species. we tested 43 well-characterized dermatophyte strains, arthroderma spp. [n = 4], epidermophyton floccosum [n = 1], microsporum spp. [n = 8], and trichoph ...201323591622
[molecular biological detection of dermatophytes in clinical samples when onychomycosis or tinea pedis is suspected. a prospective study comparing conventional dermatomycological diagnostics and polymerase chain reaction].the prevalence of onychomycosis is rising worldwide. before starting antifungal treatment, an exact mycological diagnosis should be obtained. the current laboratory diagnosis of dermatomycoses is based on the detection of the causative agent by microscopy and culture. these conventional diagnostic methods for fungal infections often are not the best solution because they are time-consuming, cultures are false-negative and direct examination identifies non-vital structures which cannot be used fo ...201323532505
inhibitory effect of linalool-rich essential oil from lippia alba on the peptidase and keratinase activities of dermatophytes.abstract lippia alba (miller) n.e. brown is an aromatic plant known locally as "erva-cidreira-do-campo" that has great importance in brazilian folk medicine. the aim of our study was to evaluate the antidermatophytic potential of linalool-rich essential oil (eo) from l. alba and analyze the ability of this eo to inhibit peptidase and keratinase activities, which are important virulence factors in dermatophytes. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of l. alba eo were 39, 156 and 312 µg/ml ...201423323991
onychomycosis in north-east of iran.onychomycosis is a common fungal infection which has been conducted in many parts of the world. the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and to identify the aetiological factors of onychomycosis in mazandaran province, iran.201425705360
investigation of in vitro activity of five antifungal drugs against dermatophytes species isolated from clinical samples using the e-test method.dermatomycosis is an infection with fungi related to the skin: glabrous skin, hair and/or nails. oral treatment of fungal infections in dermatology has become a preferred modality for the management of these very common conditions. although there are increasing numbers of antifungals available for treatment of dermatophytes, some cases and relapses have been unresponsive to treatment. the determination of fungus in-vitro antifungal susceptibility has been reported to be important for the ability ...201425610290
an ancient plant lawsonia inermis (henna): determination of in vitro antifungal activity against dermatophytes species.world is endowed with a rich wealth of medicinal plants. there is a widespread belief that green medicines are healthier and more harmless or safer than synthetic ones. medicinal plants have been used to cure a number of diseases. the ancient plant lawsonia inermis or henna is used as medicinal plant because of its attributed strong fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, virucidal, antiparasitic, antiamoebiasis, astringent, antihemorrhagic, hypotensive, sedative, anticancer eff ...201425442917
acyclic sesquiterpenes released by candida albicans inhibit growth of dermatophytes.it is unresolved as to whether fungi that share a common skin habitat might in principal interact. in in vitro screening tests with candida albicans, trichophytum rubrum and other common dermatophytes, we found c. albicans releases volatile compounds that inhibit growth of the dermatophytes. by applying (enantioselective) gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry we identified 8 compounds among which stereochemically pure (3r,6e)-2,3-dihydrofarnesol (r-dhf) and (2e,6e)-farnesol (f-ol) w ...201423902158
novel 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3-hydroxy methyl anthraquinone isolated from terrestrial streptomyces sp. (eri-26) with antimicrobial and molecular docking studies.streptomyces sp. isolate eri-26 was obtained from the nilgiris forest soil of western ghats, tamil nadu, india. novel anthraquinone compound was isolated from the active fraction 5; it was identified by spectroscopical data using uv, ir, nmr and mass. the isolated compound 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3-hydroxy methyl anthraquinone was tested against bacteria and fungi at minimum inhibitory concentration level. the compound showed significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria, staphylococcus aureus at ...201425149455
inactivation of pathogenic dermatophytes by ultraviolet irradiation in swimming pool thermal water.the effect of ultraviolet (uv) radiation from low-pressure mercury lamp against some pathogenic dermatophytes species such as epidermophyton floccosum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton schoenleinii, trichophyton tonsurans and trichophyton violaceum suspended in thermal water was evaluated in laboratory-scale condition at various times. the main results showed that within 120 s of exposure, all species of dermatophytes are completely inactivated, which was evidenced ...201424024625
mycological pattern of dermatophytosis in and around shimla hills.dermatophytosis is defined as the fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails by a group of keratinophillic fungi known as dermatophytes.201424891658
characterization of a new sesquiterpene and antifungal activities of chemical constituents from dryopteris fragrans (l.) schott.one new sesquiterpene and six known compounds were isolated from dryopteris fragrans (l.) schot. they were identified as 3-o-β-d-glucopyranosylalbicanol- 11-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), dihydroconiferylalcohol (2), (e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid (3), esculetin (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylchromone (5), eriodictyol (6) and isoorientin (7) by uv, ms, 1d-nmr and 2d-nmr spectroscopy. the antifungal activities of the seven isolated compounds were screened. compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed obvio ...201424451246
[taxonomic study of clinic isolates of trichophyton in rosario, argentina].due to the pleomorphism and cultural variability displayed by species of the genus trichophyton, the identification methods based solely on morphological features are usually insufficient for their classification. the goal of the present work was to test a set of phenotypic methods in order to identify fungal isolates that belong to the aforementioned genus. these methods were based on a molecular taxonomic technique used as standard. clinical isolates (56) were used as samples along with 6 refe ...201424401778
in vitro susceptibility of dermatomycoses agents to six antifungal drugs and evaluation by fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined effects of amorolfine and itraconazole in dermatophytes.to investigate the antifungal drug susceptibility of fungi responsible for dermatomycoses, minimum inhibition concentration (mic) tests were performed in 44 strains of dermatophytes, including trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton verrucosum, trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum and epidermophyton floccosum, with six antifungal drugs (amorolfine, terbinafine, butenafine, ketoconazole, itraconazole and bifonazole) by broth microdilution assay acc ...201424215461
tinea pedis: the etiology and global epidemiology of a common fungal infection.tinea pedis, which is a dermatophytic infection of the feet, can involve the interdigital web spaces or the sides of the feet and may be a chronic or recurring condition. the most common etiological agents are anthropophiles, including trichophyton rubrum sensu stricto, which is the most common, followed by trichophyton interdigitale and epidermophyton floccosum. there has been a change in this research arena, necessitating a re-evaluation of our knowledge on the topic from a multidisciplinary p ...201524495093
a study on etiologic agents and clinical manifestations of dermatophytosis in yazd, iran.dermatophytosis is one of the most common infections of skin, hair, and nails, caused by a group of keratinophilic fungi known as dermatophytes. species identification of these fungi is of great significance from epidemiological and therapeutic points of view. the objective of the present study was to investigate dermatophytosis and its causative agents in patients, referring to the central mycology laboratory of yazd university of medical sciences, yazd, iran.201528681000
composition and antifungal activity of zhumeria majdae essential oil.essential oils extracted from different plants are extensively used in perfume, beverage, and food industries and are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against a variety of fungi. zhumeria majdae belonging to the lamiaceae family is a rare and endemic medicinal plant species in iran, with a strong and pleasant odor. the leaves of this plant have been used for many years as an antiseptic carminative agent for the treatment of stomachache (especially in infants) and dysmenorrhea.201528680999
sporicidal effect of amorolfine and other antimycotics used in the therapy of fungal nail infections.although topical antifungal therapies for treating onychomycosis are available, the cure rate is unsatisfactorily low with a simultaneously high risk of recurrence. one reason might be the formation of dormant fungal cells by the pathogen, known as spores, which can survive in the affected nail keratin, thereby evading the effect of antifungal drugs. in this in vitro study, the ability of amorolfine and four other antimycotics (ciclopirox, bifonazole, terbinafine and fluconazole) to kill microco ...201526334024
artemisia herba-alba essential oil from buseirah (south jordan): chemical characterization and assessment of safe antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses.artemisia herba-alba asso ("desert wormwood" in english; "armoise blanche" in french; "shaih" in arabic), is a medicinal and strongly aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine by many cultures since ancient times. it is used to treat inflammatory disorders (colds, coughing, bronchitis, diarrhea), infectious diseases (skin diseases, scabies, syphilis) and others (diabetes, neuralgias). in jordanian traditional medicine, this plant is used as antiseptic and against skin diseases, scabies, ...201526277492
novel triazole alcohol antifungals derived from fluconazole: design, synthesis, and biological activity.a series of new triazole alcohol antifungals were designed by replacing one of the triazolyl moiety from fluconazole with a distinct 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole motif, which is found in some antimicrobial agents. the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of target compounds demonstrated that the direct analogs of fluconazole (difluorophenethyl-triazoles) were less active against fungi, while compound 10h containing dichloro substitutions on both phenyl rings of the molecule had potent activ ...201525182365
in vitro antifungal activity of some traditional persian medicinal plants on pathogenic fungi.to investigate the antifungal activities of the extracts and sub-fractions of phlomis olivieri, verbascum speciosum, sambucus ebulus and erigeron hyrcanicus, four persian medicinal plants used in iranian folk medicine.201526129901
myrtus communis l. as source of a bioactive and safe essential oil.in algeria, myrtus communis l. is distributed throughout the tell atlas and the coastal regions of algiers and constantine. the leaves are used in respiratory disorders, diarrhea and hemorrhoids. the aims of this work were to evaluate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of well characterized essential oils (eo). since eo can be applied by inhalation, dermal application and oral administration, we used several mammalian cell lines to assess safe bioactive doses. the chemical compositio ...201525446467
identification of dermatophilus congolensis from lower leg dermatitis of cattle in kerala, india.this study was conducted to identify the aetiological agents associated with a particular type of lower leg dermatitis, locally called pododermatitis, among dairy cattle in kerala. skin scabs and scrapings were collected aseptically from 82 naturally occurring cases of lower leg dermatitis in cattle and were subjected to direct microscopical examination and bacterial and fungal culture. microscopical examination of the skin scrapings with 10% potassium hydroxide revealed fungal spores in hair sh ...201527044156
chemical analysis and in vitro antiviral and antifungal activities of essential oils from glechon spathulata and glechon marifolia.glechon spathulata benth. and glechon marifolia benth. (lamiaceae, mentheae) are aromatic plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral infections.201525431185
cutaneous bacterial species from lithobates catesbeianus can inhibit pathogenic dermatophytes.antibiotics are being successfully used to fight many infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. however, new infectious diseases are continuously being identified, and some known pathogens are becoming resistant against known antibiotics. furthermore, many antifungals are causing serious side effects in long-term treatments of patients, and many skin infections caused by dermatophytes are difficult to cure. the beneficial roles of resident cutaneous microbiota to inhibit pathogeni ...201525431089
application of pcr fingerprinting using (gaca)4 primer in the rapid discrimination of dermatophytes.superficial fungal infections have a major impact on cosmetic health, affecting more than 20-25% of the global population, which is predominantly caused by dermatophytes. as per literature search, molecular strain typing of dermatophytes has not been investigated in india. therefore, the present study was carried out to characterise the dermatophyte species and strains by molecular methods.201525008813
translation elongation factor 1-α gene as a potential taxonomic and identification marker in dermatophytes.intra- and interspecies variations of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef-1α) gene were evaluated as a new identification marker in a wide range of dermatophytes, which included 167 strains of 30 species. an optimized pan-dermatophyte primer pair was designed, and the target was sequenced. consensus sequences were used for multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis and the levels of intra- and interspecific nucleotide polymorphism were assessed. between species, the analyzed part o ...201525550390
hemolytic activity of dermatophytes species isolated from clinical specimens.hemolytic activity was recently reported for several pathogenic fungal species, such as aspergillus, candida, trichophyton, penicillium and fusarium. based on a number of mechanistic and characterization studies, several fungal hemolysins have been proposed as virulence factors. hemolysins lyse red blood cells resulting in the release of iron, an important growth factor for microbes especially during infection. the requirement of iron in fungal growth is necessary for metabolic processes and as ...201525467819
isolation of dermatophytes (and other fungi) from human nail and skin dust produced by podiatric medical treatments in australia.background: podiatric physicians routinely use electric drills for the treatment of nail and skin conditions. the grinding process produces human nail and skin dust that is generally vacuumed into bags in the grinding unit. many of the nails are thought to be mycotic, particularly because they are obtained from patients with symptoms of dermatophyte infections. currently, there is limited information available on the detection of fungi from nail dust samples. herein, we attempt to address this s ...201525647477
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical characterization of essential oils of thymusvulgaris, rosmarinus officinalis, and origanum majorana from northeastern méxico.there have been no reports of antifungal activity and composition of extracts from thymus vulgaris, rosmarinus officinalis or origanum majorana from northeastern méxico. antifungal activity of these oils against trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans, trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis and epidermophyton floccosum was measured by diffusion assay. additionally, antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated. antibacterial activity against staphylococ ...201525631514
induction by epidermophyton floccosum of human fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion in vitro.skin infection from pathogenic dermatophyte, epidermophytonfloccosum, can cause serious health complications, especially in immuno-compromised patients. proteolytic enzymes secreted from e. floccosum are required for host tissue degradation, facilitating fungal invasion. however, little is known regarding host matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) expression during e. floccosum infection. in this study human foreskin fibroblast (hff) cell line was used to determine mmp-9 protease activity by gelatin zy ...201526513930
dermatophytosis: a 16-year retrospective study in a metropolitan area in southern brazil.dermatophytoses are considered a public health problem. the objectives of this study were to determine the evolution of their prevalence in the metropolitan area of porto alegre, brazil, and to analyze the dermatophyte species distribution according to body site and demographic characteristics of the patients.201526322879
use of restriction fragment length polymorphism to rapidly identify dermatophyte species related to dermatophytosis.dermatophytes are a group of keratinophilic fungi worldwide, which can infect the skin, hair and nails of humans and animals. this genus includes several species that present different features of dermatophytosis. although, laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytes is based on direct microscopy, biochemical tests and culture, these manners are expensive, time consuming and need skilled staff. therefore, molecular methods like pcr-rflp are the beneficial tools for identification, which are rapid and ...201526301058
inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles mediated by atmospheric pressure air cold plasma jet against dermatophyte fungi.in an in vitro study with five clinical isolates of dermatophytes, the mic(50) and mic(100) values of silver nanoparticles (agnps) ranged from 5 to 16 and from 15 to 32 μg ml(- 1), respectively. the combined treatment of agnps with atmospheric pressure-air cold plasma (apacp) induced a drop in the mic(50) and mic100 values of agnps reaching 3-11 and 12-23 μg ml(- 1), respectively, according to the examined species. epidermophyton floccosum was the most sensitive fungus to agnps, while trichophyt ...201526296782
a multi-target approach toward the development of novel candidates for antidermatophytic activity: ultrastructural evidence on α-bisabolol-treated microsporum gypseum.multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. the antidermatophytic activities of nine natural skin lighteners: α-bisabolol, kojic acid, β-arbutin, azelaic acid, hydroquinone, nicotinamide, glycine, glutathione and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, were evaluated, in comparison with the known antifungal drug fluconazole, on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: mi ...201526132903
antidermatophytic activity of mikania micrantha kunth: an invasive weed.the incidence of dermatophytosis has risen dramatically in recent years. limited availability of side-effect free drugs has led to a search for new antidermatophytic agents.201526109783
anti-dermatophyte efficacy and environmental safety of some essential oils commercial and in vitro extracted pure and combined against four keratinophilic pathogenic fungi.establish new biocontrol practices with low persistence in the environment against dermatophyte causing mycosis.201525953414
pattern of dermatophytes in patients attend in mymensingh medical college hospital.dermatophytosis is a common fungal disease which involves the keratinized tissue. this is an attempt to observe the spectrum of dermatophytes among the clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis attending the outpatient department of dermatology and venereology, mymensingh medical college hospital, mymensingh during the period of july 2013 to december 2014. two hundred thirty (230) clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were subjected in this study. sixty three cases (27.39%) were posi ...201526620004
[2011 epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses in japan].an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses and their causative fungus flora in japan for 2011 was conducted in accordance with methods and criteria of the past four surveys. the survey covered a total number of 36,052 outpatients who visited 12 dermatological clinics throughout japan. the results were as follows. 1）dermatophytosis was the most prevalent cutaneous fungal infection (2,980 cases) seen in these clinics, followed by candidiasis (378 cases) and then malassezia infections (152 cases). ...201526617109
isolation of dermatophytes (and other fungi) from human nail and skin dust produced by podiatric medical treatments in australia.podiatric physicians routinely use electric drills for the treatment of nail and skin conditions. the grinding process produces human nail and skin dust that is generally vacuumed into bags in the grinding unit. many of the nails are thought to be mycotic, particularly because they are obtained from patients with symptoms of dermatophyte infections. currently, there is limited information available on the detection of fungi from nail dust samples. herein, we attempt to address this situation and ...201525815649
in vitro susceptibility patterns of clinically important trichophyton and epidermophyton species against nine antifungal drugs.despite the common, worldwide, occurrence of dermatophytes, little information is available regarding susceptibility profiles against currently available and novel antifungal agents. a collection of sixty-eight clinical trichophyton species and epidermophyton floccosum were previously identified and verified to the species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of rdna. mics of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, terbin ...201525757042
dermatophyte and non dermatophyte fungi in riyadh city, saudi arabia.dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (microsporum, epidermophyton and trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods.201526288566
species identification of dermatophytes in paraffin-embedded biopsies with a new polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region and comparison with histopathological features.dermatophytosis is a very common skin infection with a broad clinical spectrum. biopsies are often used to confirm the diagnosis, especially when the clinical presentation is unusual. not uncommonly, organisms are hard to find even with periodic acid-schiff stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for dermatophytes can be used in such cases.201626556042
a 10-year study of dermatophytoses in isfahan, iran.dermatophyte infections are very common worldwide and their epidemiological characteristics vary according to the geographical region and have altered in the last decades. the aim of the present investigation was to determine the diversity of causative agents of dermatophytoses and describe the epidemiological condition of infection in isfahan, iran, between 2003 and 2012. specimens were collected from hair, nail, and skin and were examined by conventional methods such as direct microscopy, cult ...201625902908
epidemiology of tinea capitis in northeast iran: a retrospective analysis from 1998 to 2012.tinea capitis is a common disease of the pediatric population. this disease typically follows one of several clinical patterns, i.e., scaling, hair loss, and/or inflammatory lesions, which are usually caused predominantly by two dermatophytic genera: microsporum and trichophyton. the aim of this study was to investigate tinea capitis and its etiological agents in sari city of mazandaran province, iran.201626440755
detection of common dermatophytes in clinical specimens using a simple quantitative real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction assay.dermatophytes are common fungal pathogens causing mostly superficial infections in humans with a high prevalence worldwide. traditional detection techniques are time-consuming and insensitive, whereas molecular detection methods have proved to be much more rapid and sensitive.201626406273
molecular characterization and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 316 clinical isolates of dermatophytes in iran.dermatophytosis is a common mycotic infection of the skin, nail, and hair, associated with major public health concern worldwide. various species of dermatophytes show significant differences in susceptibility to antifungals. here, we present the antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of molecularly identified dermatophyte isolates obtained from tropical region of south of iran. a total of 9485 patients clinically suspected to have cutaneous fungal infections were examined. dermatophyto ...201626369643
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