Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| novel oxindole derivatives and their biological activity. | the antifungal activity of fourteen novel derivatives of oxindole with side chain was studied using representatives of toxinogenic, phytopathogenic and dermatophytic filamentous fungi. derivatives with exocyclic c=c bond in position c-3 exhibited a higher antifungal activity compared with derivatives with an exocyclic c-c bond in the same position. the strongest antifungal effects were shown by 3-(-2-thienoylmethylidene)-indol-2(3h)-ones. | 2001 | 11702401 |
| a bowman-birk-type trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor from broad beans. | an isolation procedure comprising affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-toyopearl, and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono s was used to purify a peptide from broad beans which manifested antifungal activity toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, fusarium oxysporum, and botrytis cinerea. the peptide demonstrated a molecular mass of 7.5 kda. n-terminal sequence analysis disclosed the identity of the antifungal peptide to be a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhi ... | 2001 | 11708782 |
| isolation of a novel deoxyribonuclease with antifungal activity from asparagus officinalis seeds. | a deoxyribonuclease distinct from the previously isolated asparagus ribosome-inactivating proteins, possessing a molecular weight of 30 kda and requiring a ph of 7.5 for optimum hydrolytic activity toward herring sperm dna, was isolated from asparagus officinalis seeds. the isolation procedure involved extraction with saline, (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose, and ... | 2001 | 11708787 |
| partitioning of monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water. | phytoplankton-water monomethylmercury (mehg) partition constants (kpi) have been determined in the laboratory for two green algae selenastrum capricornutum and cosmarium botrytis, the blue-green algae schizothrix calcicola, and the diatom thallasiosira spp., algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. two methods were used to determine kpi, the freundlich isotherm method and the flow-through/dialysis bag method. both methods yielded kpi values of about 10(6.6) for s. caprico ... | 2001 | 11718342 |
| the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, a new sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide efficient against the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | fenhexamid, a recently developed botryticide, is shown here to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. when the fungus botryotinia fuckeliana was grown in the presence of fenhexamid, the ergosterol content was reduced, and three 3-keto compounds, 4 alpha-methylfecosterone, fecosterone and episterone, accumulated, suggesting an inhibition of the 3-keto reductase involved in c-4 demethylation. thus, fenhexamid belongs to a new, promising class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors not previously used in agricult ... | 2001 | 11721524 |
| characterization of the gdha gene from the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. | a 3.48-kb dna region containing the gdha gene, which codifies the nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme from botrytis cinerea, has been cloned and characterized. a fragment of 2351 nucleotides was sequenced and found to contain an orf of 1350 bp that encodes a protein of 450 amino acids. the gene, containing two introns that showed polymorphic size between them, was located by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in chromosome x in seven strains, which were isolated from several hosts and ha ... | 2001 | 11728157 |
| naagp4 is an arabinogalactan protein whose expression is suppressed by wounding and fungal infection in nicotiana alata. | arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are proteoglycans secreted by plant cells that have been implicated in plant growth and development. most agps cloned to date possess highly labile glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) lipid anchors. these anchors transiently attach agps to the plasma membrane before they are released into the cell wall following gpi anchor hydrolysis. we have isolated and partially sequenced the protein core of an agp purified from styles of nicotiana alata. the protein sequence da ... | 2001 | 11732052 |
| botrytis cinerea induces the formation of free radicals in fruits of capsicum annuum at positions remote from the site of infection. | free radical adducts of the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone have been observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in detached fruits of capsicum annuum investigated 5 days after infection with botrytis cinerea. the spectra of these adducts were at a maximum within the soft rot lesion, but they could also be detected at distances up to 50 mm from the edge of the lesion in samples following main vascular bundles. at distances greater than 40 mm, the spectrum of ... | 2001 | 11732316 |
| isolation of unguilin, a cyclophilin-like protein with anti-mitogenic, antiviral, and antifungal activities, from black-eyed pea. | a protein designated unguilin was isolated from seeds of the black-eyed pea (vigna unguiculata). it possesses a molecular weight of 18 kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling that of cyclophilins and the cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from mung beans, and was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. unguilin exerted an antifungal effect toward fungi including coprinus comatus, mycosphaerella arachidicola, and botrytis cinerea. in addition, unguilin was capable of inhibiting human i ... | 2001 | 11732686 |
| purification and properties of two chitinolytic enzymes of serratia plymuthica hro-c48. | the chitinolytic rhizobacterium serratia plymuthica hro-c48 was previously selected as a biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic fungi. one endochitinase (e.c. 3.2.1.14), chit60, and one n-acetyl-beta-1,4- d-hexosaminidase (e.c. 3.2.1.52), chit100, were purified and characterized. the endochitinase chit60, with an apparent molecular mass of 60.5 kda, had a n-terminal amino acid sequence highly similar to that of chitinases a from serratia liquefaciens and serratia marcescens. the enzyme activity had ... | 2001 | 11734885 |
| biological control of postharvest pear diseases using a bacterium, pantoea agglomerans cpa-2. | epiphytic microorganisms isolated from the fruits and leaf surfaces of apples and pears were screened for antagonistic activity against penicillium expansum on pears. from 247 microorganisms tested for antagonistic properties against p. expansum, a bacterium strain identified as pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) was selected. this bacterium was very effective against botrytis cinerea, p. expansum and rhizopus stolonifer. complete control at the three tested concentrations (2 x 10(7), 8 x 10(7) and 1 x ... | 2001 | 11759762 |
| the role of g protein alpha subunits in the infection process of the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. | to identify signal transduction pathways of the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea involved in host infection, we used heterologous hybridization and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approach to isolate two genes (bcg1 and bcg2) encoding alpha subunits of heterotrimeric gtp-binding proteins. both genes have homologues in other fungi: bcg1 is a member of the g alpha(i) class, whereas bcg2 has similarities to the magc gene of magnaporthe grisea and the gna-2 gene of neurospora crassa. revers ... | 2001 | 11763127 |
| the possible function of the glucan sheath of botrytis cinerea: effects on the distribution of enzyme activities. | the effect of a beta-1,3-glucanase (glucanex) on cultures of botrytis cinerea was examined. the enzyme released reducing sugars from the mycelium and from the glucan secreted into the culture medium. the morphology of the mycelium was changed in the presence of glucanex. the measured activity of guaiacol peroxidase, laccase, and catalase was increased when the mycelium was treated with glucanex. culture of the mycelium in the presence of glucanex resulted in an increase in catalase activity. we ... | 2001 | 11356576 |
| a novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). | the or gene of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) causes many tissues of the plant to accumulate carotenoids and turn orange, which is suggestive of a perturbation of the normal regulation of carotenogenesis. a series of experiments to explore the cellular basis of the carotenoid accumulation induced by the or gene was completed. the or gene causes obvious carotenoid accumulation in weakly or unpigmented tissues such as the curd, pith, leaf bases and shoot meristems, and cryptically i ... | 2001 | 11359610 |
| lactones. 6. microbial lactonization of gamma,delta-epoxy esters. | the ability of 19 microorganisms to perform the enantioselective lactonization of racemic gamma,delta-epoxy ester 3a and its 7-methyl homolog 3b was checked. it was found that rhodotorula rubra preferentialy transformed both substrates to (-)-enantiomers of trans delta-hydroxy-gamma-lactones with ee 76% for 3a and 24% for 3b. the best efficiency (20-30%) and enantioselectivity (ee 60-100%) of formation of (-)-gamma-hydroxy-delta-lactones 6a and 6b was observed for lactonization by botrytis ciner ... | 2001 | 11370019 |
| the abc transporter bcatrb from botrytis cinerea is a determinant of the activity of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil. | this study demonstrates that the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter bcatrb from botrytis cinerea influences the activity of phenlpyrrole fungicides against the pathogen. this conclusion is based on toxicity assays and northern analysis experiments which show that bcatrb replacement mutants, which do not express the bcatrb gene, show an increased sensitivity to the phenylpyrrole fungicides fludioxonil and fenpiclonil. mutants overexpressing bcatrb exhibit a decreased sensitivity to these fung ... | 2001 | 11374155 |
| botrydial is produced in plant tissues infected by botrytis cinerea. | the fungal metabolite botrydial was detected for the first time in ripe fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) wound-inoculated with conidial suspensions of botrytis cinerea and also in leaves of phaseolus vulgaris and arabidopsis thaliana inoculated without wounding. this phytotoxin was produced in soft rot regions of the infection. in c. annuum, the most aggressive isolate produced the highest botrydial concentrations in planta. the levels of botrydial produced by this isolate did not correl ... | 2001 | 11397435 |
| beta-aminobutyric acid-induced protection of arabidopsis against the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. | the non-protein amino acid beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) protects numerous plants against various pathogens. protection of arabidopsis plants against virulent pathogens involves the potentiation of pathogen-specific defense responses. to extend the analysis of the mode of action of baba to necrotrophs we evaluated the effect of this chemical on arabidopsis plants infected with the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. baba-treated arabidopsis were found to be less sensitive to two different strains ... | 2001 | 11402183 |
| primary structure and transcription patterns of rpl36, a ribosomal protein-encoding gene of the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma hamatum. | we report the isolation and expression profiles of a single-copy gene from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma hamatum encoding a 60 s cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. the gene, named rpl36, was cloned through its nutrient-mediated expression, using mrna differential screening. its predicted orf, interrupted by two introns, encoded a 105-aa polypeptide. the deduced rpl36 protein showed high overall homologies with other l36-type ribosomal proteins isolated from yeast, rat and human. analysis of t ... | 2001 | 11409180 |
| improved antifungal activity of a mutant of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 which produces more extracellular proteins. | trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent against fungal plant diseases. in order to select improved biocontrol strains from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413, a mutant has been isolated for its ability to produce wider haloes than the wild type, when hydrolysing pustulan, a polymer of beta-1,6-glucan. the mutant possesses between two and four times more chitinase, beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucanase activities than the wild type, produces about three times more extracellular pro ... | 2001 | 11414328 |
| antifungal activity of a novel endochitinase gene (chit36) from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. | a novel 36-kda endochitinase named chit36 has been isolated and characterized from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. partial amino acid sequences from the purified protein were used to clone the fungal cdna, based on polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. the complete open reading frame encodes a 344-amino acid protein which shows 84% similarity to a putative chitinase from streptomyces coelicolor. chit36 was overexpressed under the pki1 constitutive promoter from trichoderma reesei vi ... | 2001 | 11425470 |
| identification of two different 14-alpha sterol demethylase-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) in aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species. | two cyp51-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) encoding 14-alpha sterol demethylase-like enzymes were identified in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. pcr amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved areas of cytochrome p450 demethylases of other filamentous fungi and yeasts allowed the cloning and sequencing of two different homologue genes in a. fumigatus. southern analysis confirmed that both genes hybridized to distinct genomic loci and that both are r ... | 2001 | 11427550 |
| in vitro tolerance to botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41b rootstock in transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase vst1 gene under the control of a pathogen-inducible pr 10 promoter. | resveratrol is a major phytoalexin in grapevine but its synthesis in response to phytopathogen attack decreases with grape berry ripening. a chimeric gene combining an alfalfa pr 10 promoter and vst1 (vitis stilbene synthase 1) gene was introduced into the genome of 41b rootstock. transgenic plants were analysed for resveratrol production in leaves infected with botrytis using an in vitro test. among the 50 transgenic lines analysed, some exhibited a production lower than the non-transgenic cont ... | 2001 | 11432907 |
| peptides from pinto bean and red bean with sequence homology to cowpea 10-kda protein precursor exhibit antifungal, mitogenic, and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activities. | peptides with a molecular weight of 5 kda have been isolated from seeds of the pinto bean and red bean, respectively. the peptides manifest an n-terminal sequence with remarkable resemblance to those of cowpea 10-kda protein precursor and garden pea disease resistance response protein. the bean peptides possess potent antifungal activity toward a variety of fungal species including botrytis cinerea, mycosphaerella arachidicola, and fusarium oxysporum. the proteins also demonstrate mitogenic acti ... | 2001 | 11444860 |
| expression of exo-polygalacturonases in botrytis cinerea. | the pathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea, causing gray mold disease in a variety of plant species, secretes at least four polygalacturonases (pgs), cell wall degrading enzymes. among them, we prepared polyclonal antibody against purified 66-kda exo-pg in rabbit. immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibody recognized two exo-pgs, 66 kda and 70 kda in molecular mass, secreted from b. cinerea cultured in the medium containing citrus pectin as a carbon source. by immunohistochemical analysis, the ... | 2001 | 11445175 |
| butyl acetate and yeasts interact in adhesion and germination of botrytis cinerea conidia in vitro and in fungal decay of golden delicious apple. | butyl acetate is a volatile aroma and flavor compound in apple. conidia of three strains of botrytis cinerea, a fungus that causes decay of apple fruit in postharvest storage, had greater adhesion to and greater germination on polycarbonate membrane filters on water inside sealed 500 cc glass jars that were injected with 4 microliters butyl acetate than conidia not so exposed. conidial germination was highly correlated with conidial adhesion. the yeasts sporobolomyces roseus and cryptococcus lau ... | 2001 | 11446303 |
| ascorbate, glutathione and related enzymes in chloroplasts of tomato leaves infected by botrytis cinerea. | the effect of botrytis cinerea infection on the total pool sizes of ascorbate, glutathione and their redox status, the activities of ascorbate-glutathione cycle related enzymes, apx, dhar, gr as well as gst and gsh-px activities in chloroplasts isolated from tomato leaves were studied. an accelerated chlorophyll loss in chloroplasts from infected leaves was observed. the aa content was not changed considerably but a burst in dha formation, up to 319% of control, and a significant prooxidative sh ... | 2001 | 11448747 |
| optimum timing of insecticide applications against diamondback moth plutella xylostella in cole crops using threshold catches in sex pheromone traps. | field trials were conducted in cabbage (brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (b oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (b oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in karnataka state (india) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12-24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and ... | 2001 | 11455637 |
| fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens: chemical analysis of thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions. | the fungitoxic activity against penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum, botrytis cinerea, and alternaria citri of 12 essential oils (eos) distilled from medicinal plants is reported. the results of the in vitro trials show strong fungitoxic activity of thymus capitatus (l.) hofmgg eos, which inhibited the growth of the four fungi at a concentration of 250 ppm (vol/vol). the other 11 essences reduced the development of the fungi from 95 to 9% at 250 ppm (vol/vol). the fungitoxic activity of ... | 2001 | 11456187 |
| botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase genes are differentially expressed in various plant tissues. | botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of blight, rot, and gray mold on many plant species, secretes various endopolygalacturonases during all stages of infection. the expression pattern of the encoding genes (bcpg 1-6) was studied on four hosts: tomato, broad bean, apple, and courgette (also known as zucchini). all gene family members are differentially expressed, depending on the stage of infection and the host. bcpg1 is expressed in all tissues tested although differences in transcript levels occ ... | 2001 | 11456462 |
| effects of procymidone, fludioxonil and pyrimethanil on two non-target aquatic plants. | procymidone, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil are widely used to control the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in champagne's vineyards. these fungicides may end up in surface waters and present potential risks for aquatic vascular plants and algae. therefore, their toxicity was evaluated on lemna minor and scenedesmus acutus in six-day or 48-h tests, respectively. based on growth and chlorophyll (chl) content of l. minor and s. acutus cultures, the results showed that the alga was the most sensit ... | 2001 | 11459152 |
| effect of nitrogen source and ph on siderophore production by rhodotorula strains and their application to biocontrol of phytopathogenic moulds. | the production of rhodotorulic acid, a siderophore synthesized by rhodotorula strains, was improved with the objective of achieving the biocontrol of phytopathogenic moulds. rhodotorulic acid increased up to 60% in the presence of urea as a nitrogen source, ph near to 8 and a c:n ratio of 8:1. the siderophore-containing spent medium showed in vitro antifungal activity against important plant pathogens including botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould on a wide variety of host plants including ... | 2001 | 11464271 |
| synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of 1-amino-3,4-dialkylnaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues. | twenty-four 3- and/or 4-alkyl-substituted 1-aminonaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues were prepared and evaluated for growth-inhibiting activity against four phytopathogenic fungi: fusarium culmorum, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum. the results obtained were compared with the activity of a commercial fungicide. the highest fungistatic activity was revealed by amino nitriles having hydrogen atoms or only one short alkyl group (ch3, c2h5) at the 3- or ... | 2001 | 11464795 |
| hypsin, a novel thermostable ribosome-inactivating protein with antifungal and antiproliferative activities from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. | a novel ribosome-inactivating protein with a molecular weight of 20 kda was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. the isolation procedure entailed ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on mono q. the protein designated hypsin demonstrated an inhibitory action against mycelial growth in various fungal species including mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola, fusarium oxysp ... | 2001 | 11467862 |
| a fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants. | salicylic acid (sa) plays an important role in activating various plant defense responses, including expression of the pathogenesis-related (pr) genes and systemic acquired resistance. a critical positive regulator of the sa signaling pathway in arabidopsis is encoded by the npr1 gene. however, there is growing evidence that npr1-independent pathways can also activate pr expression and disease resistance. to elucidate the components associated with npr1-independent defense signaling, we isolated ... | 2001 | 11481500 |
| accumulation of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in suspension cultures of panax ginseng by a fungal elicitor preparation and a yeast elicitor preparation. | suspension cultures of panax ginseng c.a. meyer (araliaceae) were treated with either an elicitor preparation from the culture broth of the phytopathogenic hyphomycete botrytis cinerea or a yeast elicitor preparation, and the accumulation of a new compound, which was not detected in non-elicited cultures, was observed. the accumulated compound was isolated and shown to be 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr and electron ionization (ei) mass spectra. while it is well known that this ... | 2001 | 11499937 |
| purification of chrysancorin, a novel antifungal protein with mitogenic activity from garland chrysanthemum seeds. | a novel antifungal protein, designated chrysancorin, was isolated from seeds of chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue resin, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. the n-terminus of chrysancorin displays sequence similarity to the genomic sequence of chromosome 1 from arabidopsis thaliana bac t19e23. chrysancorin exhibits a molecular ma ... | 2001 | 11501760 |
| characterisation of the yeast pichia membranifaciens and its possible use in the biological control of botrytis cinerea, causing the grey mould disease of grapevine. | pichia membranifaciens strain fy-101, isolated from grape skins, was found to be antagonistic to botrytis cinerea, the causal organism of the grey mould disease of the grapevine. when grown together on solid as well as liquid media, the yeast brings about the inhibition of this parasitic fungus, coagulation and leakage of its cytoplasm, and suppression of its ability to produce the characteristic grey mould symptoms on the grapevine plantlets. in vitro experiments confirm that this yeast can be ... | 2001 | 11520619 |
| stress induced carbazole phytoalexins in glycosmis species. | induced formation of a series of carbazole alkaloids was observed in leaves of glycosmis parviflora and g. pentaphylla after wounding, uv-irradiation, and particularly after inoculation with the fungus botrytis cinerea. chemical variation between different provenances and even individuals of g. parviflora led to an accumulation of different derivatives from which three proved to be undescribed natural products. their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and named carbalexins a, b, ... | 2001 | 11524122 |
| role of botrytized grape micro-organisms in so2 binding phenomena. | the purpose of this work was to study the involvement of micro-organisms, which develop together with botrytis cinerea on grapes, in the so2 binding power of musts. | 2001 | 11155120 |
| selective media for the specific isolation and enumeration of botrytis cinerea conidia. | to develop selective media for the enumeration of botrytis cinerea. | 2001 | 11169044 |
| method for the quantitative extraction of resveratrol and piceid isomers in grape berry skins. effect of powdery mildew on the stilbene content. | a simple method for the quantitative extraction of resveratrol and its glycosides from grape berry skins has been developed. optimal conditions for the extraction were investigated. type of solvent, time, and temperature assayed influenced resveratrol and piceid yield. adequate extraction was attained with ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) maintained at 60 degrees c for 30 min. recovery (>96%) and reproducibility (6.83-15.13%) were satisfactory. after extraction, resveratrol and piceid isomers were quan ... | 2001 | 11170579 |
| genome characterization of botrytis virus f, a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus resembling plant 'potex-like' viruses. | this study reports the first sequence of a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus and also the first molecular characterization of a virus that infects the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis: cinerea. the mycovirus botrytis: virus f (bvf) contains an ssrna genome of 6827 nucleotides and a poly(a) tract at or very near the 3' terminus. computer analysis of the genomic cdna sequence of bvf revealed two potential open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of 212 kda (orf1) and 32 kda (orf2). orf1 showed sig ... | 2001 | 11125160 |
| universally primed polymerase chain reaction alleles and internal transcribed spacer restriction fragment length polymorphisms distinguish two subgroups in botrytis aclada distinct from b. byssoidea. | abstract fifty-one isolates representing the four botrytis spp. associated with onion neck rot were clustered by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based on universal-primed polymerase chain reaction (up-pcr) fingerprints. bootstrap analysis of the consensus phenogram clearly demonstrated five strong clusters among the four botrytis spp.: b. cinerea (c), b. squamosa (s), b. byssoidea (b), and b. aclada (ai and aii). subdivision of the 30 b. aclada isolates, ai (14) and aii (16), f ... | 2001 | 18943940 |
| possible role of colonization and cell wall-degrading enzymes in the differential ability of three ulocladium atrum strains to control botrytis cinerea on necrotic strawberry leaves. | abstract ulocladium atrum (strain 385) consistently reduced botrytis cinerea sporulation on necrotic fragments of strawberry leaves. on these tissues, two strains of u. atrum (isolates 18558 and 18559) showed lower antagonistic activities than the reference strain 385. colonization of strawberry leaflets by the three u. atrum strains appeared similar in the absence of b. cinerea, whether quantified by chitin or immunological assays. the second method (based on anti-u. atrum antibodies) revealed ... | 2001 | 18943437 |
| antagonism of nutrient-activated conidia of trichoderma harzianum (atroviride) p1 against botrytis cinerea. | abstract the effect of preliminary nutrient activation on the ability of conidia of the antagonist trichoderma harzianum (atroviride) p1 to suppress botrytis cinerea was investigated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. preliminary nutrient activation at 21 degrees c accelerated subsequent germination of the antagonist at temperatures from 9 to 21 degrees c; at >/=18 degrees c, the germination time of preactivated t. harzianum p1 conidia did not differ significantly from that of b. ciner ... | 2001 | 18943332 |
| phenotype instability in botrytis cinerea in the absence of benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides. | abstract stability of phenotypes of isolates of botrytis cinerea that were sensitive or resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides was examined in the absence of fungicides in laboratory and growth room experiments. twelve greenhouse isolates of b. cinerea were subcultured on potato dextrose agar (pda) for 20 generations and on geranium seedlings for 15 generations. three isolates of each of the following four phenotypes were used: sensitive to the fungicides thiophanate-methy1 (a b ... | 2001 | 18943351 |
| effect of water potential on conidial germination and antagonism of ulocladium atrum against botrytis cinerea. | abstract the saprophytic fungus ulocladium atrum was selected for its ability to competitively exclude botrytis spp. from aboveground necrotic plant tissues which can play a crucial role in the epidemiology of diseases caused by necrotrophic botrytis spp. fungal growth in necrotic aboveground tissues can be hampered by fluctuating water availability. adaptation to these adverse conditions is a key factor for the successful establishment of an antagonist population in this niche. conidia of u. at ... | 2001 | 18943593 |
| combining biocontrol agents to reduce the variability of biological control. | abstract two biocontrol agents, a yeast (pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves. the aims of the research were to determine whether the use of their combination would broaden the environmental conditions under which biological control is effective, and to test the hypothesis that it would reduce the variability of control efficacy under diverse conditions. applied separately, the bioco ... | 2001 | 18942990 |
| a laboratory simulation for vectoring of trichosporon pullulans by conidia of botrytis cinerea. | abstract a mechanism that could contribute to the suppression of botrytis cinerea during pathogen sporulation was examined in this study. yeasts capable of binding to b. cinerea were formulated with a cellulose carrier and applied to sporulating colonies of the pathogen. the particles from this yeast/cellulose product attached to b. cinerea conidia in the sporulating colony. inoculum from treated colonies was harvested and applied to tomato stem tissue to test for subsequent pathogenicity. disea ... | 2002 | 18943883 |
| improved control of postharvest decay of pears by the combination of candida sake (cpa-1) and ammonium molybdate. | abstract the potential enhancement of candida sake (cpa-1) by ammonium molybdate to control blue and gray mold caused by penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea, respectively, on blanquilla pears was investigated. in laboratory trials, improved control of blue and gray molds was obtained with the application of ammonium molybdate (1, 5, 10, and 15 mm) alone or in combination with c. sake at 2 x 10(6) or 2 x 10(7) cfu ml(-1) on blanquilla pears stored at 20 degrees c. in semicommercial trials a ... | 2002 | 18944000 |
| improving biological control by combining biocontrol agents each with several mechanisms of disease suppression. | abstract two biocontrol agents, a yeast (pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves and plants. scanning electron microscopy revealed significant inhibition of botrytis cinerea conidial germination in the presence of pichia guilermondii, whereas bacillus mycoides caused breakage and destruction of conidia. when both biocontrol agents were applied in a mixture, conidial destruction was more ... | 2002 | 18944023 |
| a point mutation in the two-component histidine kinase bcos-1 gene confers dicarboximide resistance in field isolates of botrytis cinerea. | abstract partial dna fragments of botrytis cinerea field isolates encoding the putative osmosensor histidine kinase gene (bcos1) were cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification and the predicted amino acid sequences were compared between dicarboximide-sensitive and resistant field isolates. the predicted bcos1p is highly homologous to osmosensor histidine kinase os1p from neurospora crassa including the n-terminal six tandem repeats of approximately 90 amino acids. four dicarboximide-resi ... | 2002 | 18944142 |
| ontogenic resistance and plant disease management: a case study of grape powdery mildew. | abstract a fundamental principle of integrated pest management is that actions taken to manage disease should be commensurate with the risk of infection and loss. one of the less-studied factors that determines this risk is ontogenic, or age-related resistance of the host. ontogenic resistance may operate at the whole plant level or in specific organs or tissues. until recently, grape berries were thought to remain susceptible to powdery mildew (uncinula necator) until late in their development. ... | 2002 | 18944267 |
| ethylene biosynthesis in botrytis cinerea. | ethylene is often released during plant pathogenesis. enhanced ethylene biosynthesis by the attacked plant, and formation of ethylene by the attacking pathogen may be involved. we defined the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene in the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea, and characterized the conditions that affect ethylene production in vitro. during the first 48 h of culture the fungus uses methionine to produce alpha-keto gamma-methylthiobutyric acid (kmba) and secretes it to the medium. in darkn ... | 2002 | 19709221 |
| differentiation of phytophthora infestans sporangia from other airborne biological particles by flow cytometry. | the ability of two different flow cytometers, the microcyte (optoflow) and the pas-iii (partec), to differentiate sporangia of the late-blight pathogen phytophthora infestans from other potential airborne particles was compared. with the pas-iii, light scatter and intrinsic fluorescence parameters could be used to differentiate sporangia from conidia of alternaria or botrytis spp., rust urediniospores, and pollen of grasses and plantain. differentiation between p. infestans sporangia and powdery ... | 2002 | 11772606 |
| rapid detection of lytic antimicrobial activity against yeast and filamentous fungi. | a rapid method for assessing the lytic activity of antimicrobial agents against yeast and fungi has been developed. the assay is based on the release of the intracellular enzyme, maltase (alpha-glucosidase). the released maltase activity was measured colorimetrically by the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnpg). the lytic activity of different antimicrobial compounds was measured against yeast cells or germinating spores of filamentous fungi. lytic anti-ye ... | 2002 | 11777578 |
| novel fungitoxicity assays for inhibition of germination-associated adhesion of botrytis cinerea and puccinia recondita spores. | botrytis cinerea and puccinia recondita spores adhere strongly to polystyrene microtiter plates coincident with germination. we developed assays for inhibition of spore adhesion in 96-well microtiter plates by using sulforhodamine b staining to quantify the adherent spores. in both organisms, fungicides that inhibited germination strongly inhibited spore adhesion, with 50% effective concentrations (ec(50)s) comparable to those for inhibition of germination. in contrast, fungicides that acted aft ... | 2002 | 11823196 |
| abscisic acid determines basal susceptibility of tomato to botrytis cinerea and suppresses salicylic acid-dependent signaling mechanisms. | abscisic acid (aba) is one of the plant hormones involved in the interaction between plants and pathogens. in this work, we show that tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv moneymaker) mutants with reduced aba levels (sitiens plants) are much more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea than wild-type (wt) plants. exogenous application of aba restored susceptibility to b. cinerea in sitiens plants and increased susceptibility in wt plants. these results indicate that aba plays a ... | 2002 | 11842153 |
| isolation of a new cyclophilin-like protein from chickpeas with mitogenic, antifungal and anti-hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activities. | a protein designated chickpea cyclophilin-like antifungal protein (clap) was isolated from seeds of the chickpea (cicer arietinum). chickpea clap was characterized by a molecular weight of 18 kda and an n-terminal sequence homologous to cyclophilins. the protein was isolated with a procedure involving affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. in addition to an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi including rhizoctonia solani, mycosphaerella ... | 2002 | 11848297 |
| post-harvest biological control by pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) on golden delicious apples. | to investigate the potential of pantoea agglomerans to control the major post-harvest diseases on golden delicious apples. | 2002 | 11849352 |
| the symbiosis of bacillus subtilis l-forms with chinese cabbage seedlings inhibits conidial germination of botrytis cinerea. | to establish whether germination of botrytis cinerea was affected by the symbiosis of bacillus subtilis l-form bacteria with chinese cabbage. | 2002 | 11849491 |
| infection of arabidopsis with a necrotrophic pathogen, botrytis cinerea, elicits various defense responses but does not induce systemic acquired resistance (sar). | botrytis cinerea is a non-specific necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species. in contrast to biotrophs, the necrotrophs obtain their nutrients by first killing the host cells. many studies have shown that infection of plants by necrosis-causing pathogens induces a systemic acquired resistance (sar), which provides protection against successive infections by a range of pathogenic organisms. we analyzed the role of sar in b. cinerea infection of arabidopsis. we show that altho ... | 2002 | 11855728 |
| esa1, an arabidopsis mutant with enhanced susceptibility to a range of necrotrophic fungal pathogens, shows a distorted induction of defense responses by reactive oxygen generating compounds. | an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, esa1, that shows enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogens alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina, but has wild-type levels of resistance to the biotrophic pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and peronospora parasitica. the enhanced susceptibility towards necrotrophic pathogens correlated with a delayed induction of phytoalexin accumulation and delayed induction of the plant defensin gene pdf1.2 upon inoculation ... | 2002 | 11862946 |
| aigialomycins a-e, new resorcylic macrolides from the marine mangrove fungus aigialus parvus. | aigialomycins a-e (2-6), new 14-membered resorcylic macrolides, were isolated together with a known hypothemycin (1) from the mangrove fungus, aigialus parvus bcc 5311. structures of these compounds, including absolute configuration, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, chemical conversions, and x-ray crystallographic analysis. hypothemycin and aigialomycin d (5) exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity with ic(50) values of 2.2 and 6.6 microg/ml, respectively, while other analogues were in ... | 2002 | 11871887 |
| map kinase signalling cascade in arabidopsis innate immunity. | there is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. we developed an arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a pamp in plants and mammals. here we identify a complete plant map kinase cascade (mekk1, mkk4/mkk5 and mpk3/mpk6) and wrky22/wrky29 transcrip ... | 2002 | 11875555 |
| ph modulation of zopfiellin antifungal activity to colletotrichum and botrytis. | zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from zopfiella curvata no. 37-3, was evaluated in a 96-well microtiter assay for fungicidal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and fusarium oxysporum. zopfiellin exhibited ph-dependent activity, with the most mycelial growth inhibition demonstrated at ph 5.0. mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies indicated that zopfiellin un ... | 2002 | 12428951 |
| airborne fungi in the city of porto alegre, rio grande do sul, brazil. | knowledge of anemophilous fungi in a given city or region is important for the ecological diagnosis and specific treatment of allergic manifestations induced by inhaled allergens. in order to diagnose the presence of anemophilous fungi, several qualitative and quantitative techniques are used depending on the study place. this study of fungal air spores was performed with a rotorod sampler(r), an equipment which samples the air through a plastic rod attached to an electric engine that makes it s ... | 2002 | 12436167 |
| detoxification of terpinolene by plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | detoxification of an antifungal monoterpene terpinolene (1) by the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea afforded hydroxlyated metabolites 2,3-dihydro-3beta,6beta-dihydroxy-terpinolene (2) (39%) and 2,3-dihydro-1alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy-terpinolene (3) (20%), respectively. terpinolene showed good levels of antifungal activity while both the metabolites were inactive against another plant pathogenic fungus cladosporium herbarun. | 2002 | 12440725 |
| virus-induced silencing of ftsh gene in nicotiana benthmiana causes a striking bleached leaf phenotype. | a recombinant potato virus x (pvx) vector, ptxs.ftsh, harboring partial sequence of ftsh gene of nicotiana benthamiana was constructed to silence the expression of endogenous ftsh homologous gene in n. benthamiana. inoculation with in vitro runoff transcript of ptxs.ftsh to n. benthamiana plants allowed silencing of ftsh, causing striking bleaching of upper leaves reminiscent of var2 mutant phenotype of arabidopsis thaliana. ftsh-silenced plants exhibited no resistance against tobacco mosaic vir ... | 2002 | 12441644 |
| four new lactones from botrytis cinerea. | four new lactones (1-4) have been isolated from botrytis cinerea. their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectral data, mainly (1)h and (13)c nmr, including two-dimensional analysis (homocosy, hmqc, and hmbc). the phytotoxic activities of these new natural products have been evaluated. compounds 1-3 were inactive, while 4 showed a phytotoxic effect when tested up to 250 ppm. | 2002 | 12444715 |
| presence of a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase in botrytis cinerea. | the presence of a haloperoxidase in the mycelium of botrytis cinerea, extractable with buffer, is demonstrated. a low level of extracellular enzyme activity was also detected. the haloperoxidase from the fungus is a vanadium-dependent glycoprotein, with a ph optimum of about 5.5. native gel electrophoresis indicates that it is a high molecular mass protein. it appears to react with antibodies against haloperoxidase from caldariomyces fumago. enzyme activity is increased 3.5-fold and 15-fold by c ... | 2002 | 12445655 |
| synergism between fungal enzymes and bacterial antibiotics may enhance biocontrol. | the interactions between biocontrol fungi and bacteria may play a key role in the natural process of biocontrol, although the molecular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. synergism can occur when different agents are applied together, and cell wall degrading enzymes (cwdes) produced by fungi can increase the efficacy of bacteria. pseudomonas spp. produce membrane-disrupting lipodepsipeptides (ldps) syringotoxins (sp) and syringomycins (sr). sr are considered responsible for the antim ... | 2002 | 12448733 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles. | several 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles were prepared to examine their fungicidal activity. the (z)-4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative was prepared from (anti)-2-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid by treating with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a subsequent beta-elimination reaction at an elevated temperature. the (z)-isomer of the 4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative showed good fungicidal activity against erysiphe graminis and botrytis cinerea in pot tests, whereas the corresponding ... | 2002 | 12450142 |
| pananotin, a potent antifungal protein from roots of the traditional chinese medicinal herb panax notoginseng. | the roots of the sanchi ginseng, panax notoginseng, were extracted with an aqueous buffer. the extract was chromatographed on a cm-cellulose column to remove extraneous unadsorbed proteins. the adsorbed fraction was dialyzed and chromatographed on affi-gel blue gel. the adsorbed fraction was again collected, dialyzed and applied on a column of mono s. the second peak was dialyzed and chromatographed on an fplc-gel filtration superdex 75 column. an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence s ... | 2002 | 12451495 |
| biodegradation of ochratoxin a by fungi isolated from grapes. | ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin present in several food products for which levels should be reduced. chemical, physical, and biological methods have been proposed for the detoxification of mycotoxins, biological methods being the more promising ones. in this report, filamentous fungi isolated from portuguese grapes were assessed for ochratoxin a degradation capabilities. it was observed that 51 of the 76 tested strains, predominantly aspergillus species, were able to degrade more than 80% of ochrato ... | 2002 | 12452682 |
| spatio-temporal expression of patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolases and accumulation of jasmonates in elicitor-treated tobacco leaves are not affected by endogenous levels of salicylic acid. | we have previously isolated three tobacco genes (ntpat) encoding patatin-like proteins, getting rapidly induced during the hypersensitive response (hr) to tobacco mosaic virus, in advance to jasmonate accumulation. ntpat enzymes are lipid acyl hydrolases that display high phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity and may mobilize fatty acid precursors of oxylipins. here, we performed a detailed study of ntpat gene regulation under various biotic and abiotic stresses. pla2 activity was poorly induced in r ... | 2002 | 12472690 |
| expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma asperellum (t. harzianum t-203). | the presence of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma harzianum tm was assessed in several antagonistic trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. chit37 from t. harzianum cect 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with chit36 at the amino acid level. northern analysis showed that chit36y from t. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. stress conditions, colloidal chitin and n-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this ge ... | 2002 | 12478390 |
| photosynthetic responses of lemna minor exposed to xenobiotics, copper, and their combinations. | the effects on the photosynthetic process of copper and pesticides, used in vineyards, and their combinations, were investigated by measuring different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lemna minor. cu and flumioxazin had a severe impact on duckweed since a decrease in their photosynthetic capacity was detected after 24h of exposure to 200 and 1 microg.l(-1), respectively. however, fungicides used to control botrytis cinerea (procymidone, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil) seem to have no marke ... | 2002 | 12485590 |
| the microbial oxidation of (-)-beta-pinene by botrytis cinerea. | (-)-beta-pinene, a flavor and fragrance monoterpene is an important constituent of essential oils of many aromatic plants. it was oxidized by a plant-pathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea to afford four metabolites characterized as (-)-6a-hydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-4beta,5beta-dihydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-2beta,3beta-dihydroxypinane, and (-)-4beta-hydroxy-beta-pinene-6-one by detailed spectroscopic studies along with other known metabolites. | 2002 | 12240997 |
| yeast diversity and persistence in botrytis-affected wine fermentations. | culture-dependent and -independent methods were used to examine the yeast diversity present in botrytis-affected ("botrytized") wine fermentations carried out at high ( approximately 30 degrees c) and ambient ( approximately 20 degrees c) temperatures. fermentations at both temperatures possessed similar populations of saccharomyces, hanseniaspora, pichia, metschnikowia, kluyveromyces, and candida species. however, higher populations of non-saccharomyces yeasts persisted in ambient-temperature f ... | 2002 | 12324335 |
| bcmfs1, a novel major facilitator superfamily transporter from botrytis cinerea, provides tolerance towards the natural toxic compounds camptothecin and cercosporin and towards fungicides. | bcmfs1, a novel major facilitator superfamily gene from botrytis cinerea, was cloned, and replacement and overexpression mutants were constructed to study its function. replacement mutants showed increased sensitivity to the natural toxic compounds camptothecin and cercosporin, produced by the plant camptotheca acuminata and the plant pathogenic fungus cercospora kikuchii, respectively. overexpression mutants displayed decreased sensitivity to these compounds and to structurally unrelated fungic ... | 2002 | 12324349 |
| mechanisms of resistance to fungicides in field strains of botrytis cinerea. | field strains of botrytis cinerea pers ex fr, the causal agent of grey mould diseases, were collected from french vineyards between 1993 and 2000. several phenotypes have been characterized according to the inhibitory effects of fungicides towards germ-tube elongation and mycelial growth. two types of benzimidazole-resistant strains (ben r1 and ben r2) could be detected; negative cross-resistance to phenylcarbamates (e.g. diethofencarb) was only found in ben r1. benzimidazole resistance was rela ... | 2002 | 12233177 |
| over-expression of a seed specific hevein-like antimicrobial peptide from pharbitis nil enhances resistance to a fungal pathogen in transgenic tobacco plants. | two hevein-like peptides from the seed of pharbitis nil, designated pharbitis nil antimicrobial peptide 1 (pn-amp1) and pn-amp2, had been purified previously. both exhibit potent in vitro antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. we now report the isolation of two cdna clones, designated pnamp-h1 and pnamp-h2, and the corresponding genomic clones encoding these proteins from mature seeds of p. nil. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence to that of the mature p ... | 2002 | 12369620 |
| a new class of tetraspanins in fungi. | tetraspanins are animal proteins involved in membrane complexes that are involved in cell adhesion, differentiation, and motility. the pls1 gene from rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea encodes a protein (pls1p) structurally related to tetraspanins that is required for pathogenicity. in botrytis cinerea public sequences, we identified an est homologous to pls1. using degenerated oligonucleotides, we amplified sequences homologous to pls1 in fungi colletotrichum lindemuthianum and neurospora cra ... | 2002 | 12372414 |
| cloning of a grapevine botrytis-responsive gene that has homology to the tobacco hypersensitivity-related hsr203j. | a cdna encoding a putative hsr203j-like protein (big8.1) was obtained from total rna isolated from botrytis cinerea-infected grapevine leaves using differential display and race techniques. real time rt-pcr analysis confirmed that the level of mrna corresponding to big8.1 increased in grapevine leaves during the infection progress by b. cinerea. no significant change in mrna level was observed in leaves after uv exposure. this expression pattern suggests that big8.1 could be a hr-specific marker ... | 2002 | 12379797 |
| gluconic acid, its lactones, and so(2) binding phenomena in musts from botrytized grapes. | intramolecular gluconic acid esterification reactions led to the formation of two lactones, gamma- and delta-gluconolactone (glucono-1,4-lactone and glucono-1,5-lactone). the presence of the first has not yet been reported in must or wine. these lactones are in equilibrium with gluconic acid, gamma- and delta-gluconolactone representing, respectively, 5.8 and 4.1% of the acid level. correlations between must so(2) binding power, gluconic acid, and consequently its lactones are shown. the so(2) a ... | 2002 | 12381125 |
| five disulfide bridges stabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). | a small 45 amino acid residue antifungal polypeptide was isolated from the bark of spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). though the primary structure of this so-called e. europaeus chitin-binding protein or ee-cbp is highly similar to the hevein domain, it distinguishes itself from most previously identified hevein-type antimicrobial peptides (amp) by the presence of two extra cysteine residues that form an extra disulfide bond. due to these five disulfide bonds ee-cbp is a remarkably stable pro ... | 2002 | 12387889 |
| high-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide containing atmospheres inhibit growth of food associated moulds. | the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the growth of three foodborne fungi and high-oxygen modified atmosphere. | 2002 | 12390493 |
| antimicrobial activity of methyl cis-7-oxo deisopropyldehydroabietate on botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiosum: ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy. | to study the antifungal activity of methyl cis-7-oxo-deisopropyldehydroabietate (mcod) against phytopathogenic fungi, botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiousm. the effect of the compound was studied by transmission electron microscopy (tem) and the composition of sterols on both treated and untreated cultures was determined. | 2002 | 12392521 |
| purification and characterization of two isozymes of polygalacturonase from botrytis cinerea. effect of calcium ions on polygalacturonase activity. | the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea produces a set of polygalacturonases (pgs) which are involved in the enzymatic degradation of pectin during plant tissue infection. two polygalacturonases secreted by b. cinerea in seven-day-old liquid culture were purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography. pg i was an exopolygalacturonase of molecular weight 65 kda and pi 8.0 and pg ii was an endopolygalacturonase of 52 kda and pi 7.8. enzymatic activity of pg i and pg ii was partially inhibi ... | 2002 | 12398287 |
| molluscicidal and antifungal activity of erigeron speciosus steam distillate. | the steam-distilled fraction of the aerial parts of erigeron speciosus (lindl) dc was tested for activity against strawberry plant pathogenic fungi botrytis cinerea pers ex fr, colletotrichum acutatum simmonds, c fragariae brooks, c gloeosporioides (penz) penz & sacc, and the intermediate host snail planobdella trivolvis that harbors the trematode, bolbophorus confusus, that infests and causes severe infections in pond-raised catfish in the mississippi delta region of the usa. bioautography on s ... | 2002 | 12400444 |
| volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media. | growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. a mixture of five fungi, aspergillus versicolor, fusarium culmorum, penicillium chrysogenum, ulo ... | 2002 | 12400912 |
| ethylene production by botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomatoes. | a laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of b. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. we found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive inhibitors of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway, did not inhibit the ethylene emission by b. cinerea and that ... | 2002 | 12406723 |
| highly informative nature of inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences amplified using tri- and tetra-nucleotide primers from dna of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). | inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences as molecular markers can lead to the detection of polymorphism and also be a new approach to the study of ssr distribution and frequency. in this study, issr amplification with nonanchored primer was performed in closely related cauliflower lines. fourty-four different amplified fragments were sequenced. sequences of pcr products are delimited by the expected motifs and number of repeats, which validates the issr nonanchored primer amplification tech ... | 2002 | 12416621 |
| induction of systemic resistance to botrytis cinerea in tomato by pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2: role of salicylic acid, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. | the rhizobacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2 produces secondary metabolites such as pyochelin (pch), its precursor salicylic acid (sa), and the phenazine compound pyocyanin. both 7nsk2 and mutant kmpch (pch-negative, sa-positive) induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in wild-type but not in transgenic nahg tomato. sa-negative mutants of both strains lost the capacity to induce resistance. on tomato roots, kmpch produced sa and induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, while this was not ... | 2002 | 12423020 |
| fungal abc transporters and microbial interactions in natural environments. | in natural environments, microorganisms are exposed to a wide variety of antibiotic compounds produced by competing organisms. target organisms have evolved various mechanisms of natural resistance to these metabolites. in this study, the role of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters in interactions between the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea and antibiotic-producing pseudomonas bacteria was investigated in detail. we discovered that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic ... | 2002 | 12423022 |
| characterization of molecular markers for specific and sensitive detection of botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. in strawberry (fragariaxananassa duch.) using pcr. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assays were applied on 34 fungal strains isolated from strawberry and other host plants, in order to detect polymorphism to consequently identify and isolate molecular markers specific to botrytis cinerea. among the 26 10-mer primers tested, one primer mainly amplified a 750-bp product present in all the b. cinerea strains and absent in the other species and genera examined. this product was cloned and sequenced in order to design a specific 20-mer primer ... | 2002 | 12007801 |
| mycoactive acetate esters from apple fruit stimulate adhesion and germination of conidia of the gray mold fungus. | ethyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate (ba), and hexyl acetate were detected by solid-phase microextraction and gas-liquid chromatography inside slices of golden delicious apple and in water droplets on the skin of slices incubated in sealed glass jars. conidial adhesion and germination of the gray mold fungus, botrytis cinerea, was assessed on apple slices after exposure or no exposure to the esters in the headspaces of glass jars. attached conidia were dislodged by sonication and ... | 2002 | 12009975 |
| antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi. | petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ... | 2002 | 12009988 |