Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [retrovirus hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection in populations at risk. estremadura]. | in order to know the frequency and distribution of the human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2) in estremadura, a seroepidemiological study is carried out during 1989 in a population sample of 756 persons at risk. in the global sample, no case of hiv-2 infection is detected, with the frequency of hiv-1 infection being 47.49%. the sample includes 633 persons addicted to parenteral drugs with a hiv-1 frequency of 43.28% and 123 people exposed to the remaining forms of hiv infect ... | 1991 | 1801184 |
| specificity of anti-peptide antibodies elicited against synthetic peptides mimicking conserved regions of hiv1 envelope glycoprotein. | comparison of hiv1bru and hiv2rod external envelope glycoprotein sequences enabled us to select ten highly conserved peptide sequences. the corresponding peptides were chemically synthesized, then coupled to bovine serum albumin before injection in rabbits. although all peptides were immunogenic, only antibodies directed against peptides p1 (amino acid residues 33-55), p22 (418-462), p8 (487-508) and p21 (487-534) were able to interact with significant affinity (k0.5 about 10(-6) to 10(-8) m) wi ... | 1991 | 1803410 |
| [immunodeficiency viruses]. | in the first part of this article some structural and biological aspects of the hiv viruses are presented, in our opinion among the most interesting ones, connected with the aids viruses. viral infection and its evolution, particularly related with infection by hiv-2, will be presented later, in the light of our experience, obtained over several years work with african people infected by the virus. the aids viruses are complex retroviruses, with their own identity, but also with marked structura ... | 1991 | 1805535 |
| [immunologic profile of hiv-2 seropositive african individuals (follow-up)]. | in the geographic distribution of hiv-2, it is known that this infection is most prevalent in west africa. since 1986 we have studied seropositive and seronegative clusters, in guinea-bissau with follow-ups in 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. analysis of the results show the high incidence of this infection. 8.51% of the 4,372 people of the general population studied were seropositive, showing the high predominance of hiv-2 infection. only 4 cases were exclusively reactive to hiv-1 and a slow evolutio ... | 1991 | 1805536 |
| limited evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) infection in sera from blood donors showing positive elisa but negative or indeterminate western blot reactivity for hiv-1 infection. | 1991 | 1812169 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) gene expression: downmodulation by sequence elements downstream of the transcriptional initiation site. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) gene expression is downmodulated by sequence elements downstream of the transcriptional initiation site, corresponding to the u5 region of the long terminal repeat (ltr) and further downstream. this repression appeared to be related more to the length of the sequence intervening the transcriptional initiation site and the coding region than to a particular sequence content. the repressive effect of the downstream segment was not affected by hiv-2 and h ... | 1991 | 1812941 |
| development of new potent and selective agents against hiv (human immunodeficiency virus). | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a lentivirus which replicates within critical cells of the immune system, particularly cd4+ t-cells and monocyte/macrophages, leading to a progressive loss of helper t-cells and profound immunosuppression. this condition is known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a rational screening strategy was adopted to evaluate new anti-hiv agents. primary in vitro evaluation of antiviral compounds and studies of the relationship between structure an ... | 1991 | 1816706 |
| isolation from african sykes' monkeys (cercopithecus mitis) of a lentivirus related to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | analysis of serum samples from 100 wild-caught or colony-born sykes' monkeys (cercopithecus mitis) in kenya revealed that 59 animals had antibodies cross-reactive to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and to simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs). a lentivirus, designated sivsyk, was isolated from five of six seropositive asymptomatic sykes' monkeys, but in four cases isolation was possible only after depletion of cd8+ lymphocytes and cocultivation of the cd4(+)-enriched cell population ... | 1991 | 1825855 |
| [anonymous and free-of-charge detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 20-months' experience at a center]. | the results of 20 months' activity of the anonymous and free-of-charge detection centre of the pitié-salpêtrière hospital group, paris, concerning human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) are presented. during that period, 3,480 persons consulted and 3,332 anonymous questionnaires were filled and returned: 20.5 percent of the subjects were homosexuals, 6.5 percent were drug-addicts and 73 percent were non drug-addict heterosexuals; 31 percent used condoms. a total of 3,398 blood samples were ... | 1991 | 1825872 |
| hiv-1 infection of human t lymphocytes results in enhanced alpha 5 beta 1 integrin expression. | altered t cell adherence after human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infection may contribute to viral pathogenesis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. to address this hypothesis, we assessed mechanisms of t cell adherence to extracellular matrix proteins in vitro. we found that after hiv-1 infection, both chronically infected h9 cd4+ t cells and acutely infected primary peripheral blood lymphocytes acquired the ability to adhere to the extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin, to ... | 1991 | 1831204 |
| isolation of a simian immunodeficiency virus related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a west african pet sooty mangabey. | two of 25 healthy pet sooty mangabey (sm) monkeys (cercocebus atys) living in west africa were seropositive by immunoblot when surveyed for antibody to simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac). sivsmlib1 was isolated from one of the pet sooty mangabeys. nucleotide sequence data showed that this isolate is a member of the sivsm/human immunodeficiecy virus type 2 (hiv-2)/sivmac group of primate lentiviruses. furthermore, sequence comparisons revealed extensive genetic diversity among siv ... | 1991 | 1840620 |
| the inhibitory activity of a peptide derivative against the growth of simian immunodeficiency virus in c8166 cells. | the peptide derivative ro 31-8959 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the aspartic proteinases encoded by hiv-1 and hiv-2 and it arrests the growth of both viruses in cell culture. we have demonstrated similar effects against the simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac251 in the human t-cell line, c8166 (ed50 = 6nm) with a therapeutic index of 4,500. the antiviral activity of ro 31-8959 was 250 and 22 times greater than that of ddi and ddc, respectively. the mode of action was confirmed by accum ... | 1991 | 1850256 |
| inhibition of proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by novel heteropolyoxotungstates in vitro. | fifteen heteropolyoxotungstates were tested for their effects on the proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) using an in vitro system consisting of mt-4 cells and htlv-iiib. eight heteropolyoxotungstates (hpots) with the keggin structure or dimerized deficient keggin structure proved to be potent inhibitors of hiv-1. in contrast, seven non-keggin hpots including hpa 23 did not have significant effects on hiv-1 proliferation at non-toxic doses. [pti2w10o40]7- (pm-19) was the ... | 1991 | 1859202 |
| a cumulative specificity model for proteases from human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, inferred from statistical analysis of an extended substrate data base. | statistical analysis of an expanded data base of regions in viral polyproteins and in non-viral proteins that are sensitive to hydrolysis by the protease from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 has generated a model which characterizes the substrate specificity of this retroviral enzyme. the model leads to an algorithm for predicting protease-susceptible sites from primary structure. amino acids in each of the sites from p4 to p4' are tabulated for 40 protein substrates, and the frequency ... | 1991 | 1860861 |
| cytopathic variants of an attenuated isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 exhibit increased affinity for cd4. | naturally occurring isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been described which are deficient in their ability to fuse with and kill cd4+ target cells. although the molecular basis for their attenuation has not yet been defined, several lines of evidence point toward the viral envelope gene as a key determinant of viral pathogenicity. in the present article, we report the biological characterization of two highly cytopathic variants derived by repeated cell-free passage of an attenu ... | 1991 | 1870213 |
| [simultaneous detection of antibodies for 3 different retroviruses using retrovirus eia (triple antigen kit)]. | we evaluated retrovirus eia kit (roche co.), in which virus components of three different viruses, hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i were used antigens. all the specimens from the patients with atl, ham, htlv-i carrier, aids and ac, and from hiv-2 infected individuals were found to be positive. four out of 40 specimens from hemophiliacs not infected with hiv-1 were found out to be positive. these specimens were confirmed to contain antibody against htlv-i. pseudo-negative or -positive reactions were not ... | 1991 | 1880938 |
| aids risk and prevention among adolescents. | although relatively few teenagers have been diagnosed with aids and the extent of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among adolescents remains largely unknown, there is cause for concern about teens' risk of contracting hiv disease the incubation period (the time from initial infection to the development of full-blown aids) is estimated to average eight years, and therefore it is probable that most of the individuals in their twenties who have aids (20% of all the people w ... | 1991 | 1882237 |
| fine serotyping of human immunodeficiency virus serotype 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 infections by using synthetic oligopeptides representing an immunodominant domain of hiv-1 and hiv-2/simian immunodeficiency virus. | in this study, enzyme immunoassays for detection of type-specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv) were developed by using short peptides corresponding to sequences located within the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane glycoproteins of both hiv-1 and hiv-2-simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the assays were highly sensitive with currently available sera from various geographical areas. furthermore, they appeared to be more specific in hiv serotyping than the western bl ... | 1991 | 1885733 |
| identification and characterization of intragenic sequences which repress human immunodeficiency virus structural gene expression. | examination of the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has shown that multiple levels of regulation exist, including some which require the virus-encoded rev protein. in the absence of rev, mrnas encoding the structural proteins remain untranslated, a phenomenon which appears, in part, to be caused by nuclear entrapment of these rna species. to examine the basis for repression of structural gene mrna expression, a heterologous assay system was utilized to determine whether regio ... | 1991 | 1895385 |
| envelope glycoproteins from biologically diverse isolates of immunodeficiency viruses have widely different affinities for cd4. | the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of primate immunodeficiency viruses initiates viral attachment to cd4+ cells by binding to the cd4 antigen on host cell surfaces. however, among different cd4+ cell types, different viruses display distinct host cell ranges and cytopathicities. determinants for both of these biological properties have been mapped to the env gene. we have quantitatively compared the cd4 binding affinities of gp120 proteins from viruses exhibiting different host cell tropisms and cy ... | 1991 | 1899141 |
| actin, troponin c, alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus. | we show here for the first time that actin, troponin c, alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (aap), and pro-interleukin 1 beta (pro-il-1 beta), are substrates of the protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type-1. as has been seen in other non-viral protein substrates of the hiv protease, the presence of glu residues in the p2' position appears to play an important role in substrate recognition. three of the four bonds cleaved in actin, two of the three in troponin c, and all o ... | 1991 | 1907279 |
| evaluation on hiv serology and immune-stimulation on patients in tanzania. | antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus, other infectious agents and neopterin levels were determined in 253 patients in a rural area of north-west tanzania. seroprevalence for hiv was 3.2%. in one case serology was positive for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies and questions whether there was a real double infection or a cross reaction not only concerning core region proteins but also transmembrane protein. the specificity in the diagnosis of hiv-infection is markedly increased with newer sero ... | 1991 | 1907499 |
| confirmation and differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 with a strip-based assay including recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. | we evaluated the use of the inno-lia hiv-1/hiv-2 ab test (lia hiv; innogenetics) for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). the test includes three recombinant hiv-1 proteins: p24 (gag), p17 (gag), and endonuclease (p31; pol), in combination with two synthetic peptides derived from the env gene of hiv-1 and one synthetic peptide selected from the env gene of hiv-2. analysis of 450 sera from blood donors, 220 sera from patients with non-h ... | 1991 | 1914169 |
| the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 into europe: a geographical analysis. | geographically-related computer databases on the global incidence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection are being maintained in the department of geography at the university of cambridge, england. using the information they contain, the original geographical heartlands of hiv-2 infection are identified as former portuguese and french colonies in west and south central africa. the same databases permit the reconstruction of the diffusion corridors by which the virus is spreading from these heartlands into ... | 1991 | 1917253 |
| inhibitor stabilization of human immunodeficiency virus type-2 proteinase dimer formation. | we report the first direct observation of the subunit self-association behavior of highly purified recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2) proteinase. multiple samples of enzyme were subjected to sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation sequentially at 8.8 degrees c and two ph values in the presence and absence of a c2 symmetric, peptidomimetic inhibitor. at both ph values the enzyme exhibited sedimentation equilibrium behavior which fit a monomer-dimer-tetramer m ... | 1991 | 1918040 |
| nef proteins of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are structurally similar to leucine zipper transcriptional activation factors. | analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and of the related simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) nef gene products (nef) reveals the presence of a conserved leucine zipper-like repeat with the characteristic 4,3 arrangement of mainly hydrophobic amino acids in the middle (core) region of the proteins, but lacking the basic (dna binding) domain characteristic of dna-binding leucine zipper (bzip) proteins. also, at the c-term ... | 1991 | 1931237 |
| comparison of five commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western immunoblotting for human immunodeficiency virus antibody detection in serum samples from central africa. | detection by five different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in sera from three zairian populations consisting of 1,998 individuals with various risks for hiv infection was evaluated. sera that were reactive by at least one assay and 10% of the nonreactive serum samples were analyzed by western blot (immunoblot) by using u.s. public health service interpretation criteria. sera which were positive by elisa for detection of antibody to h ... | 1991 | 1939584 |
| a highly divergent simian immunodeficiency virus (sivstm) recovered from stored stump-tailed macaque tissues. | we report here the results of molecular analysis of a simian immunodeficiency virus (designated sivstm) which was isolated from a rhesus monkey inoculated with stored lymph node tissue of an asian stump-tailed macaque. the latter monkey had died in 1977 during an epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency and lymphoma at the california regional primate research center (l. j. lowenstine, n. w. lerche, p. a. marx, m. b. gardner, and n. c. pedersen, p. 174-176, in m. girard and l. valette, ed., retrovir ... | 1991 | 1942258 |
| [htlv-i infection in sailors who travel to sub-saharan west africa]. | in order to assess if htlv-1 retrovirus had penetrated in a group of sailors that often travel to endemic areas for htlv-1 infection (west coast of sub-saharan africa) we have performed the following study. a total of 499 sera samples from sailors traveling to africa during the last five years were studied. the presence of htlv-1 antibodies was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa, dupont htlv-1). positive elisa test results were further confirmed using a western blot tec ... | 1991 | 1954264 |
| mutational analysis of the dna polymerase and ribonuclease h activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 reverse transcriptase expressed in escherichia coli. | we have constructed a plasmid that, when introduced into escherichia coli, induces the synthesis of large quantities of a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 68 kda. the hiv-2 reverse transcriptase (rt) made in e. coli is soluble in bacterial extracts and possesses both rna-dependent dna polymerase and ribonuclease h (rnase h) activities typical of retroviral rts. the hiv-2 rt expression clone was used to generate mutations in hiv-2 rt. there is a strong correlation between the effe ... | 1991 | 1701948 |
| alpha-(1-3)- and alpha-(1-6)-d-mannose-specific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro. | the alpha-(1-3)-d-mannose- and alpha-(1-6)-d-mannose-specific agglutinins (lectins) from galanthus nivalis, hippeastrum hybrid, narcissus pseudonarcissus, and listera ovata inhibited infection of mt-4 cells by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus at concentrations comparable to the concentrations at which dextran sulfate (molecular weight, 5,000 [ds-5000]) inhibits these viruses (50% effective concentration, 0.2 to 0.6 microgram/ml). unli ... | 1991 | 1645507 |
| full-length and truncated versions of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) x protein (px) transactivate the cmyc protooncogene at the transcriptional level. | the products of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and woodchuck hepatitis b virus x genes (pxs) transactivate homologous and heterologous genes including the hbv-x and core promoters, the human immunodeficiency viruses 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) long terminal repeats and the beta interferon regulatory sequences. we report here that px is also able to influence the expression of both extrachromosomal transfected c-myc regulatory sequences and endogenous c-myc gene. px acts by increasing transcriptio ... | 1991 | 1645550 |
| antibodies to gag gene coded polypeptides of type d retroviruses in healthy people from guinea-bissau. | antibodies to proteins of mason-pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv) were screened in sera from 61 healthy donors living in guinea-bissau (4 hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibody positive hiv = human immunodeficiency virus), from 19 healthy french european blood donors, and from 9 french patients with induced immunodeficiency prior to bone marrow transplantation (all hiv-1 antibody negative). in 30 (49%) of the african sera tested, antibodies reacting against p27 and/or p14 were detected by western blot. some of thes ... | 1991 | 1650766 |
| 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine (mdl 28,574) inhibits glycoprotein processing and the growth of hivs. | the antiviral activity of 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine (mdl 28,574) [50% inhibitory concentration (ic50: 1.1 microm)] in jm cells infected with a recent isolate of hiv-1 (gb8), was compared with other inhibitors of glycoprotein-processing enzymes. n-butyldeoxynojirimycin (budnj), deoxynojirimycin (dnj), castanospermine (cast) or the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (ddc) had activities of 56, 560, 29 and 0.1 microm, respectively. mdl 28,574 was at least 50 times more active th ... | 1991 | 1652979 |
| functional analysis of long terminal repeats derived from four strains of simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm in relation to other primate lentiviruses. | the promoter activity of long terminal repeats (ltrs) of four strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from african green monkeys (sivagm) was compared with those of various ltrs derived from the other representative primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), type 2 (hiv-2), siv from a rhesus monkey (sivmac), and siv from a mandrill (sivmnd). the expression of the ltrs was evaluated by monitoring chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production after transfection ... | 1991 | 1656599 |
| specificity of new peptide immunoassays versus other immunoassays and agglutination tests for detection of hiv antibody in african sera. | the specificity of three hiv eias using synthetic peptides was evaluated and compared with that of four commercial eias using recombinant proteins or whole virus lysates of hiv-1 or of hiv-1 and hiv-2, and of two tests based on agglutination of sensitized particles. a total of 734 west african sera were screened. the best results were obtained with tests using recombinant proteins. hiv tests using synthetic peptides able to distinguish between hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies showed comparable specifi ... | 1991 | 1660808 |
| the first decade of human retroviruses: a nomenclature for the clinician. | the decade of the 1980s has provided at least 10 terms for human retroviruses, of which five are currently recognized as defining distinct human infectious disease agents. of these five, three are human t-cell lymphotropic viruses (htlv-i, htlv-ii, htlv-v) and two are human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2). hiv-1 and hiv-2 can cause the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), whereas htlv-i, htlv-ii, and htlv-v do not. htlv-i can cause a t-cell leukemia/lymphoma as well as a progressiv ... | 1991 | 1660967 |
| rna pseudoknots downstream of the frameshift sites of retroviruses. | rna pseudoknot structural motifs could have implications for a wide range of biological processes of rnas. in this study, the potential rna pseudoknots just downstream from the known and suspected retroviral frame-shift sites were predicted in the rous sarcoma virus, primate immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv), equine infectious anemia virus, visna virus, bovine leukemia virus, human t-cell leukemia virus (types i and ii), mouse mammary tumor virus, mason-pfizer monkey virus, and si ... | 1991 | 1663382 |
| hiv-2 in the united kingdom--a review. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was first recognised in 1986 and subsequently the infection was shown to be widespread in west africa. there have been few case reports from countries outside the african continent. in north america and europe the highest number of infections have been in portugal and france. twelve hiv-2 infections have been identified in the united kingdom (uk) and nine of the twelve had some connection with africa, mostly west africa; in three cases only "sub-sahara ... | 1991 | 1669765 |
| laboratory diagnosis of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in africa. | it is well accepted that hiv is the cause of aids and that the virus is distributed widely throughout the world. being able to diagnose infection with hiv through laboratory tests has done much to facilitate the early recognition of the severity and extent of the aids pandemic. many laboratory techniques exist to detect infection with hiv-1 and hiv-2. in recent years, however, african countries have found it difficult to implement such diagnostic tests because the tests have been either ill-s ... | 1991 | 1669930 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in cd4+ t lymphocytes genetically deficient in lfa-1: lfa-1 is required for hiv-mediated cell fusion but not for viral transmission. | in the present study, we demonstrated that expression of the lfa-1 molecule is necessary for cell fusion and syncytia formation in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected cd4+ t lymphocytes. in contrast, the lack of expression of lfa-1 does not influence significantly cell-to-cell transmission of hiv. in fact, lfa-1- t lymphocytes obtained from a leukocyte adhesion deficiency patient were unable to fuse and form syncytia when infected with hiv-1 or hiv-2, despite the fact that efficiency of ... | 1991 | 1671082 |
| specific cell surface requirements for the infection of cd4-positive cells by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and by simian immunodeficiency virus. | human cd4 was expressed on a range of mammalian cell lines. cd4+ non-primate cells, derived from rat, hamster, mink, cat, and rabbit, bind recombinant gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) but are resistant to hiv-1 infection. cd4 expression on various human, rhesus, and african green monkey cell lines confers differential susceptibilities for hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency (siv) strains. for example, cd4+ te671 rhabdomyosarcoma cells are sensitive to hiv-1 and hiv-2 bu ... | 1991 | 1673040 |
| field evaluation of alternative hiv testing strategy with a rapid immunobinding assay and an agglutination assay. | a rapid immunobinding assay ('hivchek', ortho) and an agglutination assay ('serodia-hiv', fujirebio) were evaluated as an alternative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot under field conditions in africa for detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). 7106 specimens were tested at 25 laboratories in kenya, ghana, senegal, and zaire. hivchek was used as a screening test, and serodia-hiv as a supplemental test to evaluate these assays in an alternative tes ... | 1991 | 1674306 |
| selective inhibitory activity of polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds against human immunodeficiency virus replication. | polyhydroxycarboxylates (mw: 3,800-14,000) derived from phenolic (pdp) compounds have been found to inhibit the cytopathicity of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in mt-4 cells at concentrations that are not toxic to the host cells. the pdp compounds also inhibited syncytium formation in cocultures of molt-4 cells with hiv-1- or hiv-2-infected hut-78 cells. they also interfered with the binding of okt4a/leu3a monoclonal antibody (mab) to the cd4 receptor, the binding of anti-gp120 mab to hiv-1 gp120, and attachme ... | 1991 | 1675677 |
| antibody response to the negative regulatory factor (nef) in experimentally infected macaques: correlation with viremia, disease progression, and seroconversion to structural viral proteins. | the antibody response to structural and regulatory viral proteins was studied in 14 rhesus (macaca mulatta) and 6 cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) macaques experimentally infected with hiv-2 or sivmac. to investigate the humoral antibody response to the negative regulatory factor (nef), the recombinant protein was expressed to high levels with recombinant vaccinia virus (vv). nef-specific antibodies were detected in 14 of 20 infected macaques (70%). in sera of all infected monkeys antibodies dir ... | 1991 | 1675823 |
| rheumatic manifestations in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection. | 1991 | 1675851 | |
| prevention of hiv-2 and sivsm infection by passive immunization in cynomolgus monkeys. | infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) are useful models for studies of immunotherapy and vaccination against hiv as well as for testing of antiviral drugs. vaccine research showing protective immunity in immunized monkeys has indicated that it will be possible to develop a vaccine for prevention of human hiv infection, although many hurdles remain. the design of an hiv vaccine would be helped if the basis of the protective ... | 1991 | 1677743 |
| evidence of brain methyltransferase inhibition and early brain involvement in hiv-positive patients. | the myelopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection closely resembles that in subacute combined degeneration, a disorder of vitamin b12 metabolism. to investigate whether the disorders share a pathogenetic mechanism, s-adenosylmethionine (sam) and s-adenosylhomocysteine (sah) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 20 hiv-seropositive patients and 30 hiv-negative patients who were undergoing lumbar puncture for other medical reasons. the hiv-seropositive patient ... | 1991 | 1678030 |
| persistent infection of baboons and rhesus monkeys with different strains of hiv-2. | hiv-2 infection of eight rhesus macaques and two baboons was studied. most animals were preselected for hiv-2 inoculation by testing their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) for susceptibility to virus isolates from the ivory coast. the virus strains used (hiv-2uc2, hiv-2uc3, and hiv-2uc7) were also chosen by in vitro screening in pbmc for high replicating ability and cytopathicity. all the animals seroconverted within 2-4 weeks of infection and remained seropositive throughout the durati ... | 1991 | 1678564 |
| peripheral facial nerve palsy related to hiv infection: relationship with the immunological status and the hiv staging in central africa. | twelve cases of infranuclear facial nerve palsy associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in the heterosexual african are reported with clinical and immunological studies. eight cases were healthy hiv carriers, three patients manifested aids-related complex and one case fulfilled the cdc criteria for aids. nine patients had a typical bell's palsy, two presented cephalic herpes zoster infection with ramsay hunt syndrome and one, who suffered from progressive facial weakness, c ... | 1991 | 1680026 |
| cd8+ t cells from hiv-1-infected individuals inhibit acute infection by human and primate immunodeficiency viruses. | t lymphocytes expressing the cd8 surface antigen block hiv replication in cd4+ peripheral blood cells from hiv-infected individuals. we report here that cd4+ cells from hiv seronegative donors, when infected in vitro with hiv, also do not replicate virus when cocultured with cd8+ t cells from hiv-infected individuals. cd8+ cells from hiv-uninfected donors did not show this effect on virus replication. hla-restriction of the antiviral response was not observed, and virus-containing cells were not ... | 1991 | 1680028 |
| a mathematical model of vaccination against hiv to prevent the development of aids. | vaccination and post-exposure immunization against the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) faces the problem of the extensive genetic and antigenic variability of these viruses. this raises the question of what fraction of all possible antigen strains of the virus must be recognized by the immune response to a vaccine to prevent development of acquired immunodeficiency disease (aids). the success of a vaccine can depend on the variability of the target epitopes. the different hiv va ... | 1991 | 1685238 |
| monoclonal antibodies to conserved regions of the major core protein (gag24) of hiv-1 and hiv-2. | five mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against a recombinant protein comprising the complete sequence of gag24 protein from htlv-iiib. all monoclonal antibodies recognized the native protein in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa) and western blots. all monoclonal antibodies also cross-reacted with an human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) strain in western blots, whereas only one antibody detected hiv-2 p25 in elisa. by using synthetic peptides, cross-reacting epitopes were mapp ... | 1991 | 1707645 |
| a capture enzyme immunoassay for detection of hiv-2/siv antigen. | an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay was developed for the demonstration of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the assay (hiv-2 ce) has a sensitivity of approximately 250 pg/ml of hiv-2/siv antigen. the hiv-2 ce was 4-16 times more sensitive than the abbott hiv-1 antigen assay for detection of hiv-2/siv antigen in cell culture supernatant. the sensitivity for detection of hiv-2/siv antigen in serum or plasma was 98.5% in the hiv-2 ce and 95.5% i ... | 1991 | 1706769 |
| characterization of autoantibodies to the cd4 molecule in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | autoantibodies to the cd4 protein, which serves as a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on the surface of target cells, were found in patients with different stages of hiv disease. using recombinant soluble cd4 (rcd4) antigen in a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), we detected serum anti-cd4 antibodies in approximately 20% of hiv-1 infected patients and 13% of hiv-2 infected patients. there was no correlation between the presence of anti-cd4 antibodies and the stage of h ... | 1991 | 1983967 |
| structural and functional analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 rev protein. | the rev proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are necessary for expression of viral structural gene products. site-directed mutations were made within the hiv-2 rev gene to identify functional domains. we observed that similar to hiv-1 rev, the hiv-2 rev protein was phosphorylated, albeit to a much lesser extent than was hiv-1 rev. we also found that like hiv-1 rev, hiv-2 rev localized to the nucleus, with a marked accumulation in the nucleolus. mutations within a stretch of basic r ... | 1991 | 1985207 |
| malignant melanoma in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection. | 1991 | 1990999 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection of megakaryocytic cells. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is capable of infecting certain cells of hematopoietic lineage, particularly monocyte-macrophages and t lymphocytes. recently, the possibility that cells of megakaryocytic lineage are susceptible to hiv infection has been raised. we have characterized infection of the permanent megakaryocytic cell line cmk by hiv in vitro. cmk cells were easily infected by hiv type 2 (hiv-2), producing significant amounts of virus in culture. infection appeared to be mediat ... | 1991 | 1991165 |
| the use of recombinant antigens in elisa procedures for the quantification of intrathecally produced hiv-1-specific antibodies. | an elisa procedure is described for the quantification of intrathecally synthesized immunoglobulin g antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens. recombinant p17, p24, endonuclease (end), reverse transcriptase (rt), a peptide from the transmembrane region of gp41 (env80) and a fusion protein containing hiv-1 and hiv-2 epitopes were compared with a commercially available elisa. using a reference serum, antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) to all of the antigens could be ... | 1991 | 1995706 |
| mapping the anatomy of the immunodominant domain of the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 transmembrane protein: peptide conformation analysis using monoclonal antibodies and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | thirty-six monoclonal antibodies from mice and three from rats were raised against a peptide corresponding to the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane gp41 protein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 (lglwgcsgklic; amino acid residues 598 to 609). of these, three monoclonal antibodies from the mice and one from a rat also reacted with the corresponding peptide derived from the hiv type 2 transmembrane gp41 protein (amino acid residues 593 to 603; nswgcafrqvc). immunochemical studi ... | 1991 | 2002540 |
| nucleotide sequence of a guinea-bissau-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 2 proviral clone (hiv-2cam2). | we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolate from guinea-bissau (hiv-2cam2). the genomic organization of hiv-2cam2 is identical to that of other hiv-2 isolates but contains a stop codon in the pol gene. the deduced amino acid sequences of the viral proteins show variation of 20% in the gag, pol and vpx regions, and 25 to 45% in the tat, env and nef regions when compared to other isolates of hiv-2. this is greater than the variation observed ... | 1991 | 2005437 |
| hiv-2 and hiv-1 aids cases in senegal: clinical patterns and immunological perturbations. | the serological and immunological parameters, disease patterns, and social characteristics of 39 human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seropositive cdciv cases seen in dakar, senegal were studied. these data were compared with those obtained from 48 hiv-1 seropositive cdc stage iv patients. social characteristics of populations infected with hiv-1 or hiv-2 were clearly different. a patient sex ratio of three men to one woman was found for both viruses. in addition, the immune status of non ... | 1991 | 2007977 |
| the v3 loops of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 surface glycoproteins contain proteolytic cleavage sites: a possible function in viral fusion? | located close to the crown of the v3 type-specific neutralization loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (iiib) su glycoprotein gp120, are several potential sites that should be susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by enzymes of trypsinlike or chymotrypsinlike specificity, or by aspartic proteinases. the linkages potentially sensitive to chymotryptic/aspartic proteinase cleavage are retained also within the equivalent domain of hiv-2 (rod) gp105. we show that thrombin and tryptas ... | 1991 | 2015114 |
| comparison of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteinases using oligopeptide substrates representing cleavage sites in gag and gag-pol polyproteins. | the substrate specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) proteinases was compared using oligopeptides corresponding to cleavage sites in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins of both viruses. all peptides mimicking cleavage sites at the junction of major functional protein domains were correctly cleaved by both enzymes. however, some other peptides thought to represent secondary cleavage sites remained intact. the kinetic parameters (km and kcat) obtained for th ... | 1991 | 2015912 |
| lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | 1991 | 2019216 | |
| anti-hla antigen class i heavy chain monoclonal antibodies inhibit human immunodeficiency virus production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we have examined the capacity of monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for hla class i heavy chain to interfere with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replicative cycle in human t cells. among six anti-hla class i heavy chain-specific mab assayed, two mab, rl4-24-6 and w6/32, were able to delay hiv1 and hiv2 cytopathic effect on mt4 cells, a human t cell leukemia virus type i (htlvi) immortalized t cell line, mab rl4-24-6, chosen for further studies, also inhibited hiv1 production by periphe ... | 1991 | 2019288 |
| mutational analysis of the hiv-1 rev protein and its target sequence, the rev responsive element. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rev protein is a positive posttranscriptional regulator of viral structural gene expression and essential for virus replication. rev mediates its effects through interaction with an rna target sequence, the rev responsive element (rre), present within the env mrna. previous studies have shown that the basic stretch of amino acids are required for rev's ability to bind rna, whereas residues present near the carboxy terminus are essential for full bi ... | 1991 | 2023097 |
| escherichia coli mediated biosynthesis and in vitro anti-hiv activity of lipophilic 6-halo-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. | a series of 6-substituted 2',3'-dideoxypurine ribofuranosides (ddp) was enzymatically synthesized with live e. coli in an effort to enhance the lipophilicity of this class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) compounds and thereby facilitate drug delivery into the central nervous system. all 6-halo-substituted ddps were substantially more lipophilic, as defined by their octanol-water partition coefficient (p), than their nonhalogenated congeners 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi) or 2',3'-dideoxyg ... | 1991 | 2033586 |
| structural comparison of the external glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency virus. | the structural variability of the external glycoproteins of primate immunodeficiency viruses, has, so far, been investigated exclusively by sequence comparison of the respective proviral genomes. we have examined the structural relationship amount the external glycoproteins from three specific human immunodeficiency viruses (hif-1, hiv-2), three specific simian immunodeficiency viruses from macaques (sivmac) and three specific siv from african green monkeys (sivagm) by peptide mapping. differenc ... | 1991 | 2040588 |
| the sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 circle junction suggests that integration protein cleaves the ends of linear dna asymmetrically. | the sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 circle junction was determined. the most common sequence found between the conserved ca and tg dinucleotides at the ends of the integrated provirus was five bases long (ggtac). this suggests that the integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 dna is accompanied by the asymmetric loss of two and three bases, respectively, from the u3 and u5 ends of the linear double-stranded dna prior to integration. | 1991 | 2041100 |
| dispensable role of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpx protein in viral replication. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is similar in genetic organization to hiv-1 but contains a unique gene (vpx) that encodes a 16-kda protein. a replication-competent molecular clone of hiv-2 (hiv-2sbl/isy) that infects human primary cells in vitro and rhesus monkeys was used to generate three mutations in the vpx gene. in the first mutant, the vpx open reading frame was truncated at amino acid 20; the second mutant was tailored to eliminate the proline-rich carboxyl terminus of the pro ... | 1991 | 2041103 |
| an approach to the human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with a spondyloarthropathic disease. | one of the unanticipated consequences of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is the appearance of various rheumatic syndromes that traditionally have been thought to result from inappropriate overactivity of the immune system. this distinctive spectrum of rheumatic syndromes has been well described; however, the therapeutics and specific patient management as well as the significance of these disorders for diagnostic classification of the rheumatic disorders have not received a ... | 1991 | 2041888 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-related connective tissue diseases: a zimbabwean perspective. | our clinical experience with patients in zimbabwe suggests that an arthropathy may be a feature of hiv disease. this takes two forms: the first is a reactive arthropathy usually affecting the large, lower limb joints with no other clinical features of a connective tissue disease. the second form is seen in association with features of complete or incomplete reiter's syndrome with involvement of large and small peripheral joints (having an asymmetric distribution). although this arthropathy may b ... | 1991 | 2041891 |
| [group- and type-specific antibodies to the gag-gene protein p26 of the human immunodeficiency virus immunological type 2 in infected patients]. | the immunoreactivity of serum samples from hiv-2 infected persons was studied by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) in homo- and heterotypic variants. in homotypic ripa all sera studied have precipitated the viral glycoprotein with the high molecular weight, gp170. some samples were active for gag-gene products, p57 and p26 in homotypic ripa. most these samples were also active for heterotypic gag-protein of hiv-1 serotype, p55 and p24. on the other hand anti-gag reactivity of one sample was ... | 1991 | 2054505 |
| [comparative evaluation of the immunoenzyme test systems for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections]. | comparative investigations of enzyme immunoassay systems for the diagnosis of hiv-infection were conducted in panels with hiv-1 and hiv-2-positive and negative samples. it has been shown that immunodiagnostic reagents produced by the firms "abbott" (usa) and "behring" (frg) possess the highest sensitivity and specificity. it has been established that the test-systems for hiv-1 cannot identify hiv-2-positive samples due to the absence of cross-reactivity. to decrease the risk of hiv transmission ... | 1991 | 2055413 |
| 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) effectively inhibits retrovirus replication in vitro and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. | 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the in vitro replication of a number of retroviruses, including hiv-1 and hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian aids-related virus (srv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv). pmea causes a dose-dependent suppression of the induction of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies in siv mac-infected rhesus monkeys. complete suppression of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies was achieved i ... | 1991 | 2059358 |
| high antibody titres in mice with polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles as adjuvant for hiv vaccines. | the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) nanoparticles as adjuvants for an hiv-2 whole-virus vaccine in mice. the data clearly revealed that pmma nanoparticles induced 10-100-fold higher antibody titres than aluminium hydroxide or an aqueous vaccine control preparation as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. moreover, the high antibody titres obtained with pmma as adjuvant appeared to be stable for between 10 and 20 weeks after immunizat ... | 1991 | 2059385 |
| vaccine protection against hiv-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys. | the aim of this study was to determine if protection against an infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) challenge could be obtained in cynomolgus macaques by active immunization using whole killed virus vaccine. four monkeys were immunized with killed hiv-2sbl-6669, two of them with five intramuscular (im) injections of viral preparation containing 100 or 300 micrograms protein emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) and the two remaining received four im injections of 25 ... | 1991 | 2064826 |
| change in size of the envelope glycoprotein of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv 1) strain. | a strain of hiv 1 (pa 40), isolated from a patient with aids, showed a size variation of its external glycoprotein. this glycoprotein had an estimated molecular weight of 105 kd and differed from that of both hiv 1 iiib and hiv 2 rod strains. the protein was derived from a bigger (140 kd) precursor, detectable only in the infected cells and could incorporate labeled glucose in its prosthetic portion. the change in size of the external glycoprotein may be the result of envelope sequence variation ... | 1991 | 2067412 |
| hyperimmune antisera against synthetic peptides representing the glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 can mediate neutralization and antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity. | twenty-five 13- to 35-amino-acid-long peptides representing regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), strain sbl6669, envelope proteins were evaluated for their immunogenic activity in guinea pigs. the peptides were selected to provide homologous representation of sites in the hiv-1 envelope proteins that were previously documented to have a particular immunogenic importance. a number of the hiv-2 peptides were found to be capable of inducing strain sbl6669 neutralizing and antibod ... | 1991 | 2068087 |
| two immunodominant domains of gp41 bind antibodies which enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vitro. | four of eight human monoclonal antibodies (humabs) to gp41 were identified which could enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in vitro by complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (c'-ade). these enhancing humabs were mapped to two distinct domains on the hiv-1 gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein by using synthetic peptides. the first domain, amino acids 579 to 613 (peptide aa579-613), was recognized by three of the four enhancing humabs. the aa579-613 peptide blocked ... | 1991 | 2072448 |
| identification of a uniquely immunodominant, cross-reacting site in the human immunodeficiency virus endonuclease protein. | one of the features of the life cycle of retroviruses is insertion of the proviral dna into host chromosomes. a protein encoded by the 3' end of the pol gene of the virus genome has been shown to possess endonuclease activity (d. p. grandgenett, a. c. vora, and r. d. schiff, virology 89:119-132, 1978), which is necessary for dna integration. sera from the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals react with endonuclease protein p31 in serological tests (j. s. allan, j. ... | 1991 | 2072463 |
| potential anti-aids agents. synthesis and antiviral activity of naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives against hiv-1 and hiv-2. | certain naphthalenesulfonic acid analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hiv-1- and hiv-2-induced cytopathogenicity, hiv-1 giant cell formation, and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) activity. a bis(naphthalenedisulfonic acid) derivative having a biphenyl spacer emerged as the most potent and selective inhibitor of virus-induced cytopathogenicity in mt-4 cells. the ed50 values for this compound were 7.6 and 36 microm for hiv-1 and hiv-2, respectively. no toxi ... | 1991 | 1704064 |
| preparation and anti-hiv activities of aurintricarboxylic acid fractions and analogues: direct correlation of antiviral potency with molecular weight. | aurintricarboxylic acid (ata) was fractionated by a combination of dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel permeation chromatography. the number average and weight average molecular weights of the ata fractions were determined by the universal calibration method. the sulfonic acid analogue of ata was prepared and separated in high and low molecular weight fractions. the phosphonic acid analogue of ata was also synthesized. all of the ata fractions were tested for prevention of the cytopathic effect o ... | 1991 | 1704065 |
| an antiviral target on reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 revealed by tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5,1-jk] [1,4]benzodiazepin-2 (1h)-one and -thione derivatives. | screening of pharmacologically acceptable prototype compounds has recently led to the discovery of a series of ultraselective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 replication, the tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk] [1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-one and -thione (tibo) derivatives. the tibo compounds completely suppress the formation of proviral dna in acutely infected cells, as revealed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. tibo derivatives are inhibitory to the reverse transcriptase (r ... | 1991 | 1705038 |
| mode of action of 5'-linked cholesteryl phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in inhibiting syncytia formation and infection by hiv-1 and hiv-2 in vitro. | a phosphorothioate homocytidine 10-mer containing a cholesteryl moiety covalently linked to the 5'-end (chol-sdc10) inhibited syncytium formation in susceptible t cells induced by hiv-1 and hiv-2. the syncytium inhibition effect was minimal with unmodified cytidine homopolymer of the same net charge. chol-sdc10 was shown to protect cem cells against infection by cell-free hiv-1 particles without any apparent toxicity to the growth of cd4+ t cells. the dna polymerase activity of the purified reve ... | 1991 | 1705817 |
| strain-specific neutralizing determinant in the transmembrane protein of simian immunodeficiency virus. | monoclonal antibody sf8/5e11, which recognizes the transmembrane protein (tmp) of simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque monkeys (sivmac), displayed strict strain specificity. it reacted with cloned and uncloned sivmac251 but not with cloned sivmac142 and sivmac239 on immunoblots. this monoclonal antibody neutralized infection by cloned, cell-free sivmac251 and inhibited formation of syncytia by cloned sivmac251-infected cells; these activities were specific to cloned sivmac251 and did not occ ... | 1991 | 1705994 |
| potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) by 5-ethyl-6-phenylthiouracil derivatives through their interaction with the hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | in the search for 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (hept) derivatives, we have found several 5-ethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil analogues to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1. 1-benzyloxymethyl-5-ethyl-6-phenylthiouracil, the most potent congener of the series, inhibits hiv-1 replication in a variety of cell systems, including peripheral blood lymphocytes, at a concentration of 1.5-7.0 nm, which is lower by a factor of 10(3) than t ... | 1991 | 1706522 |
| mutagenesis of the glu-89 residue in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 reverse transcriptases: effects on nucleoside analog resistance. | a glu-89-->gly alteration in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (rt) was previously shown to result in resistance to several dideoxynucleoside analogs and to phosphonoformic acid (pfa; foscarnet). this residue was altered to ala, val, ser, thr, gln, asp, asn, or lys, and the ddgtp and pfa sensitivities of the mutant rts were measured. replacements with ala, gly, val, and thr led to resistance to inhibition by ddgtp, while mutants with amino acid ser, gln, asn, asp, or ... | 1992 | 1279207 |
| epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus regulatory proteins tat, nef, and rev are expressed in normal human tissue. | the expression of regulatory proteins tat, rev, and nef of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) and tat of hiv-2 was studied in frozen sections of lymph nodes from hiv-1-infected individuals, and various tissues from uninfected persons. in hiv-1-positive lymph nodes, monoclonal antibodies to hiv-1-tat stained solitary cells in the germinal centers and interfollicular zones, and vascular endothelium. staining by an anti-nef monoclonal antibody was restricted to follicular dendritic cells, ... | 1992 | 1279980 |
| replication and apical budding of hiv-1 in mucous-secreting colonic epithelial cells. | the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line ht29 can be infected with various isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). in some cases, the virus was able to perform its complete cycle of replication as demonstrated by the persistent production of mature viral particles in the cell-free culture supernatant. we have cultured ht29 cells chronically infected with the replicative strain hiv1-ndk in a chemically defined serum-free medium. under these conditions, the ce ... | 1992 | 1280683 |
| mannosyl/n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl binding properties of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | we have recently demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) recombinant envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 (rgp160) behaves as a mannosyl/n-acetylglucosaminyl (glcnac) binding protein. if such a carbohydrate-binding property were of biological relevance it should be shared by other related primate immunodeficiency viruses such as hiv-2. the present study confirms this hypothesis and extends these findings by showing that hiv-2 recombinant gp140 (rgp140) specifically interac ... | 1992 | 1281021 |
| cd4 activation of hiv fusion. | the primary cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) is the cd4 antigen. hiv infection of cd4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high affinity interaction between cd4 and the hiv outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. the development of model systems using soluble recombinant forms of cd4 (scd4) has allowed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of cd4 binding to gp120, and study of the post-binding events leading to ... | 1992 | 1281202 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2. | the rod strain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was used to produce monoclonal antibodies. virus grown in cem cells was partially purified by ultracentrifugation and solubilized in a buffer containing triton x-100. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 50 micrograms of solubilized virus preparations mixed 1:1 with complete freund's adjuvant. animals were boosted on day 28 and sacrificed on day 31. spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused with sp20/ag 14 m ... | 1992 | 1282263 |
| potential anti-aids naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives. synthesis and inhibition of hiv-1 induced cytopathogenesis and hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase activities. | several naphthalenedi- and trisulfonic acids have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potential against cytopathogenesis and purified recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) reverse transcriptase (rt). the most potent derivative that emerged from the anti-rt study was a small molecule 6 (mw = 840), a dipalmitoylated derivative of 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid. analog 6 demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) values of 2.42 and 0.86 microm fo ... | 1992 | 1282569 |
| mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. | various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped dna and rna viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (junin and tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. the most potent compounds, i.e., jm1590 [k13[ce(siw11o39)2]. 2 ... | 1992 | 1282664 |
| comparative purification of recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase: preparation of heterodimeric enzyme devoid of unprocessed gene product. | a procedure for producing and purifying recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase (rt) is described. these enzymes are produced by escherichia coli-transformed with a plasmid containing the gene encoding for either the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) or hiv-2 rt protein. both proteins are partially processed by host cell proteases giving rise to a mixture of heterodimeric and nonheterodimeric products, which are subsequently resolved to near homogeneity by chromatography on p ... | 1992 | 1283095 |
| selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. | 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (ftc) has been shown to be a potent and selective compound against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in acutely infected primary human lymphocytes. ftc is also active against human immunodeficiency virus type 2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in various cell culture systems, including human monocytes. the antiviral activity can be prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine, but not by other natural nucleosides, suggesting that ftc mus ... | 1992 | 1283296 |
| [study of antigenic structure of hiv-1 protein p24 using monoclonal antibodies]. | during the experiments 4 murine and 3 rat hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have been obtained. using the immunoblotting technique, it was established that all the species of mab reacted with the same viral proteins which are derivatives of gag gene--p24 and p55. the properties of mab have been studied in competitive binding. their ability of binding to different fragments of the gag protein produced by the rec ... | 1992 | 1283723 |
| [the characteristics of the hiv isolated from hiv-infected persons and aids patients on the territory of the cis]. | hiv strains were isolated from hiv-infected patients and aids patients in cis. a total of 81 hiv isolates were obtained. the isolates were identified by using immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay, by determining the activity of reverse transcriptase, immunoblot, electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction. of the 81 isolates 79 were hiv-1 and 2 hiv-2. the strains differed in their infectivity, the kinetics of virus antigen accumulation, and the spectrum of susceptible cell lines. the vir ... | 1992 | 1284212 |