Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cell mediated and humoral immune response of chickens to inactivated oil-emulsion infectious bronchitis vaccine. | a lymphocyte transformation microassay was used to study cell mediated immunity (cmi) in chickens following primary and secondary vaccination with inactivated oil emulsion infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine and subsequent challenge with massachusetts-41 (m-41). humoral immunity was monitored for comparison, using the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) microassay. positive stimulation indices (2 to 2.7 after primary and 2 to 4.8 after secondary vaccination) were lower and hi titres were higher tha ... | 1983 | 6304837 |
| ciliary activity: a criterion for associating resistance to infectious bronchitis virus infection with elisa antibody titer. | vaccination and challenge experiments using infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were conducted on groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens. three weeks post-vaccination with one of the four ibv strains used, chickens were challenged with the homologous immunizing strain of ibv. subsequently, the chickens were sacrificed, their tracheas were examined for ciliostasis, and the specific ibv antibody content of their sera was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). results showed that p ... | 1983 | 6307249 |
| coronavirus ibv: further evidence that the surface projections are associated with two glycopolypeptides. | the surface projections (peplomers) of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain m41 have been separated from the nucleocapsid (n) and matrix (m) proteins by sedimentation in a sucrose gradient after virus disruption by the non-ionic detergent nonidet p40. the peplomers comprised two glycopolypeptides of mol. wt. 90 x 10(3) (90k; s1) and 84k (s2), shown by analysis of differentially radiolabelled virus to be present in equimolar proportions. polypeptides of 75k and 110k, which were detected ... | 1983 | 6308136 |
| a standard technique for haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 1983 | 6310847 | |
| [comparative serological studies of south germany field isolates of chicken in infectious bronchitis virus and vaccine strains in tracheal cultures]. | 1983 | 6312956 | |
| evaluation of the hemagglutination-inhibition test for measuring the response of chickens to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccination. | an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was used to assay serum-antibody titers after ibv vaccination of ibv-susceptible specific-pathogen-free broilers and commercial layers. three-week-old broilers were vaccinated via eye-drop with ibv strains that represent the antigenic spectrum of commercial vaccines--holland, massachusetts 41 (41 ms), connecticut 46, florida 18288, or jmk strain--and revaccinated 3 weeks later with either the same or a heterologous strain ... | 1983 | 6189476 |
| [comparative serological studies of south german field isolates of hen infectious bronchitis virus and dutch variant strains d207, d3128 and d3896 in tracheal cultures]. | 1983 | 6196022 | |
| survey of respiratory diseases among chicken flocks in japan for avian infectious bronchitis by the neutralization test with embryo-adapted beaudette strain. | 1983 | 6200635 | |
| effects of avian viruses on cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages. | cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages have been assayed for their susceptibility to infection with various avian viruses. three criteria of infection were employed: (1) virus-induced alterations in cell morphology ; (2) presence of intracellular viral antigens detectable by immunofluorescence; (3) kinetics of virus release by infected macrophages. macrophages proved to be resistant to marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt-fc126), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an ... | 1983 | 18766776 |
| presence of viral antigens and antibody in the trachea of chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | following infection of chickens with infectious bronchitis virus (strain m41) viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in the basal layer of the tracheal mucosal epithelium for 44 days. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) first detected virus-specific antibody in tracheal washes 7 days after infection and at 10 days these antibodies reached a level that was maintained for at least 44 days, although there was considerable variation between chickens. in contrast a neutralisatio ... | 1983 | 18766789 |
| immunity following inoculation of the h120 and h52 vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus into the crop of the domestic fowl. | the serological responses and protection associated with inoculation of the hi20 and h52 vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) into the trachea and directly into the crop of chickens were compared. intratracheal inoculation at 3 weeks of age with hi20 resulted in the moderate log2 haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titres of 6, previously found to be characteristic of this highly attenuated vaccine strain of ibv. more than 80% of these birds gave a positive reaction to the agar gel ... | 1983 | 18766795 |
| serological comparison of new zealand and european strains of infectious bronchitis virus in tracheal organ cultures. | 1983 | 16030985 | |
| growth of new zealand infectious bronchitis virus in cell cultures. | 1984 | 16031088 | |
| confirmation of the presence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) using cloned dna complementary to the 3' terminus of the ibv genome. | a hybridisation test has been developed to aid the identification of virus isolates as avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) when serum neutralisation tests have proved inadequate. in this test nucleic acid prepared from four recent virus isolates suspected of being ibv hybridised with a 32p-radiolabelled cloned cdna (complementary dna) probe complementary to rna from ibv strain beaudette. since these strains represent one or more new serotypes they had not been identified by neutralisation te ... | 1984 | 18766825 |
| concurrence of nephrosis-nephritis due to infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. | a condition showing nephrosis-nephritis caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and atrophy of the bursa of fabricius attributable to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) occurred with a mortality rate of 6.4%, 7.4% and 8.5% in young broiler chickens in three flocks on a poultry farm. eighteen birds from the outbreaks were studied histologically and ultra-structurally. nephrosis-nephritis appeared initially as degenerative changes of the convoluted tubules, followed by inflammatory reactio ... | 1984 | 18766836 |
| induction of humoral neutralising and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody by the spike protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike (s), membrane (m) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain m41 (ibv-m41) were separated by sucrose gradient sedimentation after dissociation of the virus by non-ionic detergent. groups of four chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with 20 microg of s, m or n in freund's complete adjuvant and at 4 and 7 weeks later with 20 microg, of s, m or n protein in freund's incomplete adjuvant. chickens were bled at 4, 7, 10 and 13 weeks after the first vaccinat ... | 1984 | 18766869 |
| the classification of new serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from poultry flocks in britain between 1981 and 1983. | between 1981 and 1983 10 isolations of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus were made from broiler chickens with respiratory infection and five from breeder chickens showing aberrant egg production. one isolate was serologically similar to an ib virus isolated in england in 1976; the remainder were related to three of the four serotypes of ib virus first isolated in the netherlands (davelaar et al., 1981). neutralising antibody to each of the four dutch serotypes of ib virus was widespread in the se ... | 1984 | 18766883 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies to assess antigenic relationships of avian infectious bronchitis virus serotypes in the united states. | 1984 | 6204515 | |
| serological comparison and antigenic relationships of seven serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus using the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | the antigenic relationships, antigenic spectrum, and immunogenicity of seven isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were examined using the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. because there was a discontinuity of antigenic relationships and a high degree of cross-reactivity among serotypes of ibv in cross-hemagglutination-inhibition tests, the range of antigenic spectrum used to group the serotypes with the hi test should be wider than the limits suggested by the plaque-reduction test. ... | 1984 | 6204631 |
| determination of the antigenic relationships within the massachusetts (m41) type of infectious bronchitis virus using the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | the antigenic relationships, antigenic spectrum, and immunogenicity of seven ibv-massachusetts-41 isolates were investigated using the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. hi titers equal to 32 are considered suspicious, titers lower than 32 are considered negative, and titers higher than 32 are considered positive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). some isolates of massachusetts-41 ( m41 ) were capable of inducing large quantities of antibodies in chickens following inocul ... | 1984 | 6204632 |
| immunomodulatory activity of isoprinosine on experimental viral infections in avian models. | the immunomodulatory activity of isoprinosine treatments have been experimentally verified on chicken infected by three different viruses: newcastle disease, fowl plague and avian infectious bronchitis. in protection tests, positive variations in the mean day of death rather than in the mortality rate were found depending on the modality of treatment. a stimulatory influence on primary anti-newcastle disease virus antibody response was observed. in the avian model the isoprinosine antiviral effe ... | 1984 | 6207123 |
| muscle protein synthesis and growth of two strains of chicks vaccinated for newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis. | rates of in vitro protein synthesis were monitored during an 8-week period in male broilers and leghorns. the birds received vaccinations during weeks 2 and 5 posthatching for newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis by the administration of a standard dose of the mixed vaccine in the drinking water. both types of birds exhibited a marked decline in the rate of protein synthesis during each week after vaccination. the decline in ribonucleic acid (rna) and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) levels we ... | 1984 | 6207519 |
| rapid serotyping of infectious bronchitis virus isolates with the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was evaluated as a method of typing recent suspect infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates. hemagglutination (ha) antigen was prepared from each isolate by phospholipase c treatment of virus concentrated from allanto-amniotic fluids of infected chicken embryos. an hi test was run with the ha antigen of each isolate against a battery of 17 antisera that had been prepared against different ibv strains classified by virus neutralization (vn). the hi test ... | 1984 | 6207809 |
| a leader sequence is present on mrna a of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the subgenomic mrnas of the fowl coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) form a 3' co-terminal or 'nested' set. the rnase t1 oligonucleotide mapping data which demonstrated this form of sequence organization provided no evidence for the presence of non-contiguous (leader) sequences fused to the 5' termini of the mrnas. however, we have been able to demonstrate, by extension of an end-labelled synthetic oligonucleotide primer, the presence of a leader sequence on ibv mrna a. sequencing by t ... | 1984 | 6086827 |
| sequential development of humoral immunity and assessment of protection in chickens following vaccination and challenge with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | chicks without specific maternal antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus were vaccinated intranasally at two weeks old with a live h120 vaccine and a proportion revaccinated with a live h52 vaccine at 15 weeks. groups of these birds were then challenged intratracheally with the massachusetts m41 strain at varying intervals and their humoral antibody responses monitored by neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests. protection was assessed by the presence of tracheal ciliostasis ... | 1984 | 6089286 |
| occurrence and significance of infectious bronchitis virus variant strains in egg and broiler production in the netherlands. | despite vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with the massachusetts type vaccine viruses h120 and h52 in the netherlands, an increasing number of properly vaccinated flocks have suffered from the disease since 1978. in the years 1978-1982, the virus was isolated from 162 ibv suspected flocks. cross-virus-neutralization tests showed that the majority (67 per cent) of these isolates belonged to serotypes other than the massachusetts type, the connecticut-, florida-, iowa 97-, iowa ... | 1984 | 6091319 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies with an avian reovirus derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant clone. | a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of avian reovirus isolate maine 1-203 was obtained at 41 c. the 19th passage of this mutant (ts 19) was utilized for in vitro studies comparing its replication in macrophage cultures with that of its parent strain and an apathogenic s1133 virus. in vivo studies were initiated to determine the ts mutant's pathogenicity for day-old chicks, safety and protective levels for 6-day-old chicks, and interference with marek's disease, newcastle, and infectious bronchit ... | 1984 | 6091605 |
| sequencing of coronavirus ibv genomic rna: a 195-base open reading frame encoded by mrna b. | dna sequencing of genomic cdna clones of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been carried out. 770 bases have been determined which include genomic sequences spanning the 5' termini of the two smallest mrnas of the 3'-coterminal "nested" set: mrna a and mrna b. this region contains the complete coding sequences for mrna b which are additional to those present in mrna a. two open reading frames are present, predicting proteins of mrs 7500 and 9500. | 1984 | 6092234 |
| influence of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis live virus vaccines on immune response against infectious laryngotracheitis live virus vaccine in chickens. | 1984 | 6092761 | |
| monoclonal antibodies to the s1 spike and membrane proteins of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain massachusetts m41. | we have established four murine hybridoma cell lines which secrete specific antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain massachusetts m41. two monoclonal antibodies reacted with the spike protein and two reacted with the membrane protein. the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for the external structural proteins was detected by immunoprecipitations using radiolabelled virus. the reactions of the monoclonal antibodies showed that one (s1) of the two glycopolypeptides associa ... | 1984 | 6096499 |
| use of egg yolk in serological tests (elisa and hi) to detect antibody to newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and mycoplasma gallisepticum. | serum and yolks from commercial flocks and from hens exposed to newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were tested for immunoglobulin g antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. yolks prepared by chloroform extraction and low-speed centrifugation performed well in the serological tests used and were a suitable alternative to serum for antibody determination by the elisa for ... | 1984 | 6098252 |
| nephropathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus. | four strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were compared in chickens as to nephropathogenicity. two of the viruses were from the united states, one was from australia, and one from italy. each has been described as nephropathogenic. the australian strain proved to be most pathogenic and was then followed by the italian strain and, finally, the two viruses from the united states. with an increase in the age of the chickens there was an apparent decrease in pathogenic effect. all of the vir ... | 1984 | 6099569 |
| replication and morphogenesis of avian coronavirus in vero cells and their inhibition by monensin. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was adapted to vero cells by serial passage. no significant inhibition of ibv replication was observed when infected vero cells were treated with alpha-amanitin or actinomycin d. in thin sections of infected cells, assembly of ibv was observed at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), and mature ibv particles were located in dilated cisternae of the rer as well as in smooth cytoplasmic vesicles. in addition to typical ibv particles, enveloped particles con ... | 1984 | 6099655 |
| sequence of the membrane protein gene from avian coronavirus ibv. | cdna clones prepared from genomic rna of coronavirus ibv have been sequenced. the nucleotide sequence for the complete 5' region of mrna c, which is not present in mrnas a and b, has been determined. a sequence of 1224 bases is presented which contains a long open reading frame predicting a polypeptide of molecular weight 25 443. this is in agreement with the molecular weight of 23 000 reported for the unglycosylated form of the membrane polypeptide. | 1984 | 6099661 |
| demonstration of 7-nm projections on human and avian coronaviruses. | direct electron microscopy (em) of human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain f revealed particles with small granular projections about 7 nm in size in addition to the characteristic coronavirus particles with projections of 20 nm. relationship of the short fringed form to the conventional coronavirus particle is established by ordinary immune electron microscopy (iem) and immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem). | 1984 | 6099927 |
| effect of different passage histories of infectious bronchitis virus on the sensitivity to inhibitors in chick serum and their removal by trypsin. | sensitivity of the beaudette strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) to non-antibody inhibitors in neutralization tests depended on the passage history of the virus. the chick embryo kidney cell-adapted (e71 cek11) virus was the most sensitive, but after one chick embryo (ce) passage (e71 cek11 e1), this virus showed reversion to the sensitivity of the parent virus (e71). ibv inhibitors in chicken serum could be removed by treatment with trypsin but not with phospholipase c. | 1984 | 6147998 |
| evaluation of inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. | broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterin. four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live mg broth culture. all chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of ... | 1984 | 6721795 |
| significance of lysosomes in the morphogenesis of coronaviruses. | virus-containing electron-dense membrane-bound cytoplasmic bodies are described in tracheal epithelial cells of chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus and in intestinal epithelial cells of swine infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. using silver-methenamine staining, phosphotungstic acid staining and acid phosphatase enzyme cytochemical staining of ultra-thin sections, these bodies were shown to be virus-containing secondary lysosomes and residual bodies. the accumulation of ... | 1984 | 6320768 |
| the use of reference preparations in virus content testing of vaccines. | a series of virus content tests on newcastle disease, avian infectious bronchitis and marek's disease vaccines was carried out over a period of several years on commercial products together with a standard preparation of each virus. analysis of the results of marek's disease vaccine titrations revealed a good correlation between plaque count and the ratio obtained for the standard vaccine tested in parallel. expression in relation to a reference preparation is therefore of value to vaccine manuf ... | 1984 | 6321508 |
| coronavirus multiplication: locations of genes for virion proteins on the avian infectious bronchitis virus genome. | six overlapping viral rnas are synthesized in cells infected with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). these rnas contain a 3'-coterminal nested sequence set and were assumed to be viral mrnas. the seven major ibv virion proteins are all produced by processing of three polypeptides of ca. 23, 51, and 115 kilodaltons. these are the core polypeptides of the small membrane proteins, the nucleocapsid protein, and the 155-kilodalton precursor to the large membrane proteins gp90 an ... | 1984 | 6321790 |
| vaccination of chickens with newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines administered singly and in combination. | the reactivity and immune response were determined in chickens following the administration of newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccines given singly and in combination. when given singly, the ib component resulted in an earlier appearance of respiratory signs than when it was combined with nd vaccine. the intensity of the respiratory reaction appeared similar in each case, however. measured by virus-serum neutralization and from challenge with nd and ib viruses, no evidence ... | 1984 | 6322151 |
| effects of subtype variations in the holland strain of infectious bronchitis virus when applied as a vaccine. | massachusetts-type infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) designated h120, from three sources, have been evaluated as vaccines. significant subtype variations were observed with the different vaccines based upon challenge virus infection and typical ib lesions induced where homologous and heterologous serotypes were used. in numerous cases, there was little agreement between challenge virus recovery from the respiratory tract and the presence or absence and severity of ib lesions. the study indicat ... | 1984 | 6324156 |
| avian mycoplasma infections: prototype of mixed infections with mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. | mixed infections involving mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria are well recognized in chickens. synergism has been demonstrated between mycoplasma gallisepticum and the viruses of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and escherichia coli, although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors associated with the host and the organisms. airsacculitis in broilers due to m. synoviae or m. gallinarum may be precipitated by concurrent respiratory virus infections including vaccine strai ... | 1984 | 6324630 |
| aetio-pathology of the fowl trachea early after inoculation with h52 infectious bronchitis virus. | 1984 | 6326435 | |
| rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. iii. simultaneous measurements of antibody titers to infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and newcastle disease viruses in a single serum dilution. | the present paper describes a method for measuring enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antibody titers to infectious bronchitis (ib), infectious bursal disease (ibd), and newcastle disease (nd) viruses from a single serum dilution using the same assay procedures and analyses. a regression line equation generated for predicting ndv elisa antibody titers at a single serum dilution was successfully used to predict elisa antibody titers to ib and ibd antigen preparations at the same test sera ... | 1984 | 6326733 |
| further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. | newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mutant (ts 100). immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent s6 strain. the dose of ts mg needed for protection was less than 3.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units. after immunization with ts 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis ... | 1984 | 6326734 |
| the effect on egg production of layers after vaccination with an inactivated infectious bronchitis (ib) oil emulsion vaccine on a multi-age layer farm in papua new guinea. | 1984 | 6329626 | |
| organization of the ibv genome. | 1984 | 6331104 | |
| dna sequencing studies of genomic cdna clones of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 1984 | 6331112 | |
| structural characterization of ibv glycoproteins. | 1984 | 6331130 | |
| increased incidence of airsacculitis in broilers infected with mycoplasma synoviae and chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | infectious bronchitis vaccine virus is thought to cycle (i.e., pass from vaccine-virus-infected to susceptible chickens) in commercial broiler and pullet flocks. to simulate the effect of this cycling, mild infectious bronchitis vaccine virus was passaged in chickens serially six times. this sixth passage virus was used to infect chickens, which were then exposed to a moderately cold environment of 10 +/- 2 c and to mycoplasma synoviae. in two separate experiments, the chicken-passaged vaccine v ... | 1984 | 6331363 |
| influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli. | chickens that have considerable resistance to salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. these agents also influenced the is ... | 1984 | 6331365 |
| observations on the preparation and stability of infectious bronchitis virus hemagglutination antigen from virus propagated in chicken embryos and chicken kidney cell cultures. | a total of 166 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) hemagglutination (ha) antigen preparations were made during a 30-month period from allanto-amnionic fluid (aaf) from chicken embryos inoculated with 10 different ibv strains (mass 41, conn 46, h52, florida 18288, ark 99, jmk, t, holte, ef, se17). antigens were prepared by inoculating 9- or 10-day-old embryos with 10(5.0) to 10(6.5) eid50 ibv, harvesting aaf after a 30-hour-postinoculation incubation, and phospholipase c (plc) treatment of virus co ... | 1984 | 6331366 |
| modification of three avian viruses passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don) in pathogenicity to chicken embryo. | the beaudette 42 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus, sato strain of newcastle disease virus, and uchida strain of avian reovirus were passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don), and some properties were examined. the don-passaged strains showed a difference in replication in don and chicken embryo kidney cells in one-step growth curve examinations and a partial modification in pathogenicity to chicken embryos; nevertheless, neutralization tests revealed no serological alteration. | 1984 | 6331368 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the simultaneous measurement of antibody titer to multiple viral, bacterial or protein antigens. | a model enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system was developed which permits the user to evaluate replicate single sera dilutions of 46 test and control serum samples for the presence of specific antibody against up to eight different antigens in one assay. the system makes use of a transplanting device for the simultaneous transfer of aliquots of independently diluted replicate test samples along with conjugate and substrate from a serum reservoir plate or from a reagent reservoir onto ... | 1985 | 3004010 |
| appearance of haemagglutinability of infectious bronchitis virus following in vitro and in vivo tracheal passages. | 1985 | 3006407 | |
| presumptive diagnosis of subclinical infections utilizing computer-assisted analysis of sequential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against multiple antigens. | one-hundred-seventy-two serum samples, collected sequentially from four flocks of egg- and meat-type chickens, were evaluated for antibodies to multiple infectious agents by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (melisa). the melisa system used provided simultaneous measurement of antibody titers against avian infectious bronchitis (ib), infectious bursal disease (bd), newcastle disease, avian encephalomyelitis and reovirus infections, and mycoplasma gallisepticum. the use of computer-generated grap ... | 1985 | 4048057 |
| haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres in chickens vaccinated with infectious bronchitis virus vaccines. | 1985 | 2409660 | |
| sequences of the nucleocapsid genes from two strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | cdnas prepared from viral genomic rna purified from two strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) (beaudette and m41) have been cloned into pbr322. three of these clones, which contain the complete sequences of mrna a for both strains, except for the leader sequences which are only present on the subgenomic messenger rnas, have been sequenced using the dideoxy method. the sequences are similar for both strains, each containing a single long open reading frame of 1227 bases which predicts a po ... | 1985 | 2983001 |
| humoral antibody response and assessment of protection following primary vaccination of chicks with maternally derived antibody against avian infectious bronchitis virus. | commercially bred chicks with maternally derived antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were hatched in isolated conditions and a number vaccinated within the first three weeks of life with live ibv strain h120. humoral antibody responses were assayed by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) or neutralisation (sn) tests, and the degree of protection against challenge with the virulent massachusetts m41 strain assessed on the basis of tracheal ciliary activity four days after challenge. ... | 1985 | 2983406 |
| application of the haemagglutination inhibition test to typing of infectious bronchitis virus. | 1985 | 2983480 | |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the spike protein of the coronavirus ibv. | rna sequences encoding the surface projection (spike) of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus, strain beaudette, have been cloned into pbr322 using cdna primed with a specific oligonucleotide. a 5.3 kilobase viral insert in the clone pmb179 has been identified. the region of this clone coding for the spike gene has been sequenced by the chain termination method, and we present here the first report of dna sequence data for a coronavirus spike protein, the protein which forms the character ... | 1985 | 2984314 |
| the experimental infection of chickens with mixtures of infectious bronchitis virus and escherichia coli. | by inoculating chickens intranasally with a collection of strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) of the massachusetts serotype and of escherichia coli of different serotypes, a pool of viral and bacterial strains was selected which, on inoculation, consistently produced a highly lethal disease closely resembling the natural disease produced by these two organisms. the conditions for reproducing the experimental disease were not rigorous in that, within broad limits, the size of the viral a ... | 1985 | 2984320 |
| isolation of avian infectious bronchitis viruses in morocco including an enterotropic variant. | 1985 | 2988180 | |
| efficacy of experimental inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterin in egg-layer chickens. | six groups of white leghorn pullets were studied to determine the ability of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterins to counteract reductions in egg production caused by mg infection. the pullets were inoculated with 0.5 ml of mg bacterin subcutaneously in the neck at about 20 weeks of age and were challenged with mg near 28 weeks of age, when they were in peak egg production. various challenge schemes with infectious bronchitis virus were used at the ... | 1985 | 2992434 |
| identification of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus by interference with the la sota of strain of newcastle disease virus. | the interference phenomenon of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with growth of newcastle disease virus (ndv) in embryonating chicken eggs (ece) was used as a diagnostic method. fifteen field isolates obtained from presumptively infectious-bronchitis-affected chickens were analyzed by the ibv-ndv interference test. eight isolates were capable of interfering with the growth of the la sota strain of ndv, as measured by hemagglutination (ha) activity when ibv was inoculated 10 hr before ndv into ec ... | 1985 | 2992435 |
| isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from intestine and reproductive organs of laying hens with dropped egg production. | a total of 52 samples (22 cloacal swabs and 30 pooled ovaries and oviducts) from hens with a history of a 25 to 40% drop in egg production from 30 flocks were examined for the isolation of infectious bronchitis virus in embryonated chicken eggs. five isolates were obtained: three from cloacal swabs and two from reproductive organs. these isolates were identified and characterized on the basis of agar-gel-precipitation, hemagglutination, and neutralization tests and other physicochemical characte ... | 1985 | 2992441 |
| comparative use of direct organ cultures of infected chicken tracheas in isolating avian infectious bronchitis virus. | five trials were conducted to compare four in vitro methods of isolating avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv)-direct organ culture of infected tracheal rings (doc), inoculation of tracheal organ culture (oc), inoculation of chicken embryo, and inoculation of cultured cells. doc was prepared from tracheas of chickens experimentally inoculated with field samples. in the other methods, pooled tracheal and kidney suspensions were used to inoculate oc, chicken embryos, and cultured cells. ibv was ... | 1985 | 2992442 |
| [replication characteristics and cytopathic effect of southern german field isolates of chicken infectious bronchitis virus in cell cultures and the effect of trypsin]. | 1985 | 2992447 | |
| factors influencing changes in moisture content during storage of freeze-dried vaccines in vials. | previous studies have demonstrated that the water content of freeze-dried vaccines increases during storage. the reasons for these variations in water content are discussed in this paper. different possible mechanisms have been considered: microleakages at the closure sealing point, water vapour transfer through the closure (permeation, loss and uptake of water by the stopper). several types of vials and closures were studied, under different conditions of storage. regardless of the vial form se ... | 1985 | 2993309 |
| the use of a random priming procedure to generate cdna libraries of infectious bronchitis virus, a large rna virus. | an efficient method for the generation of gene banks from large rna viruses is described using infectious bronchitis virus as an example. randomly primed clones have been characterized and found to be representative of the viral genome including 5' leader sequences. | 1985 | 2993338 |
| sequencing of coronavirus ibv genomic rna: three open reading frames in the 5' 'unique' region of mrna d. | the nucleotide sequence of a genomic cdna clone corresponding to the 5' terminal domain of mrna d of the beaudette strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been determined. this region contains three open reading frames which predict polypeptides of molecular weights 6700 (6.7k), 7.4k and 12.4k. the predicted 12.4k polypeptide has a codon usage very similar to that predicted for the products of the ibv nucleocapsid, membrane and spike genes. the sequence also predicts a hydrophobic, poten ... | 1985 | 2995560 |
| induction of urolithiasis in single comb white leghorn pullets: effect on glomerular number. | urolithiasis was induced in an experimental group of single comb white leghorn pullets by feeding them layer ration and exposing them to nephrotrophic gray strain infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). gray strain ibv was recovered from kidney and cloacal swabs for up to 26 days after exposure to the virus. control pullets fed pullet grower ration and not exposed to gray strain ibv did not develop urolithiasis. the experimental design did not allow differentiation between the roles of layer ration a ... | 1985 | 2995958 |
| [associated vaccination of poultry against infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease and infectious bursitis]. | the effectiveness of immunity was studied following a mixed vaccination with live vaccines against infectious bronchitis (strains h120 and h52), newcastle disease (strain la sota), and infectious bursitis (strain th75vn82). the three vaccines were applied simultaneously via the drinking water, through the spray method, and nasally. experiments were carried out with a total of 31,466 birds: broilers, growing layers, broiler parents--all without preliminary treatment with biopreparations. immunity ... | 1985 | 3002010 |
| envelope proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus: purification and biological properties. | immunoadsorbents, made with monoclonal antibodies, were used to purify the spike and membrane proteins of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the purified proteins were inoculated into rabbits to produce antisera. the rabbit anti-spike sera neutralized the infectivity of the virus whereas the anti-membrane sera did not. ibv-infected chickens produced antibodies to both the spike and membrane proteins. both these antibodies were at their highest concentration about 9-11 days after inoculation, whe ... | 1985 | 3009515 |
| infectious bronchitis in laying hens: interference with response to emulsion vaccine by attenuated live vaccine. | pullet chicks were reared in isolation; all except a control group were variously vaccinated against infectious bronchitis. individual haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody responses were measured from 1 day to 38 weeks old when all birds were challenged with virulent infectious bronchitis virus, and egg production recorded for a further 5 week period. in the controls hi titres remained low until challenge: this caused a loss of 15.1 eggs/hen. in birds injected with oil emulsion killed vacc ... | 1985 | 18766895 |
| relationship between several criteria of challenge-immunity and humoral immunity in chickens vaccinated with avian infectious bronchitis vaccines. | several methods were compared for assessing the immunity of chickens vaccinated with avian-infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by observing tracheal ciliary activity, respiratory signs and virus recovery from several organs following challenge with virus which had not been passaged in embryos. all chickens vaccinated twice with live kita-1 strain were protected according to all criteria. however, in chickens vaccinated with killed ibv and with h-120 strain 13 weeks earlier, respiratory signs were ... | 1985 | 18766913 |
| comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), haemagglutination inhibition test and agar gel precipitation test for detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the immune response after vaccination with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) under field conditions was measured by the elisa, haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and agar-gel precipitin (agp), tests. vaccinations were performed in three flocks and one experimental group via the drinking water with the vaccine strains h 120 and h 52. in each flock 40 random serum samples were taken every 2 weeks and tested individually. in the experimental group blood samples were collected every week from each of ... | 1985 | 18766934 |
| a clearance test to assess protection in chickens vaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a clearance test is described that is designed as a model for the quantitative assessment of protection in chickens vaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). this is based on the ability of a vaccinating strain to have induced within 3 weeks an immunity sufficient to inhibit the replication of a challenge strain in the upper respiratory tract by the 4th day subsequent to challenge. a median protective dose (pd50) was determined for each of 4 vaccinating strains (h120, h52, d41 ... | 1985 | 18766943 |
| pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis nephritis. 2. studies of water and electrolyte balance in colostomised chickens. | water and electrolyte balance was examined throughout the course of an experimental infection with t strain infectious bronchitis virus in colostomised chickens. significant losses of water and negative sodium and potassium balances were observed. the major change in the electrolyte balance was the increased output of sodium in urine and this was associated with a diuresis. a decrease in food intake was the most important contribution to the negative potassium balance. death resulted from acute ... | 1985 | 18766944 |
| the isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in morocco. | the first isolation and characterisation of infectious bronchitis (ib) viruses from poultry flocks in morocco are reported. five isolates designated d, e, f, h and m were related serologically to the massachusetts serotype, while the sixth, isolate g, was found to be different from any previously reported serotype of ib virus. neutralising antibodies to isolate g have been detected in sera collected from commercial flocks in britain, although the virus has not been isolated. while all six isolat ... | 1986 | 18766508 |
| newly isolated serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus: their role in disease. | the pathogenicity of isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) made from broiler or breeder flocks in britain between 1981 and 1983, together with three made from flocks of commercial laying hens during 1984, has been investigated. when 11-day-old ibv-free chicks were challenged with these ibv isolates, together with a pool of pathogenic strains of e. coli, some mortality was recorded, together with a high incidence of morbidity. three ibv isolates, when given to groups of ibv-free brown-egg ... | 1986 | 18766511 |
| isolation, characterisation and preliminary cross-protection studies with a new pathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain pl-84084). | virological 1 examination of a severe infectious bronchitis (ib)-like field case in laying hens, led to the isolation of a coronavirus antigenically different from massachusetts, connecticut and four dutch ib variant strains. the virulence of the isolate for the fowl, and its dual tropism for the respiratory and genital tracts were demonstrated. in preliminary cross-protection studies commercial vaccines did not protect against challenge with this isolate. these points and the possible economic ... | 1986 | 18766539 |
| immunohistochemical detection of infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis viral antigens in fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues. | immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent techniques were used to detect and localise infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues. a modified bouin's solution (9 parts of 1% picric acid to 1 part of 10% neutral buffered formalin and 5% acetic acid) proved to be the fixative of choice. tissues fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin showed heavy background staining, whereas enzyme treatment of these tissues succeeded in expo ... | 1986 | 18766540 |
| the detection of specific igm to infectious bronchitis virus in chicken serum using an elisa. | an elisa is reported for the detection of specific igm to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in serum samples from ibv-infected chickens. both igm and igg antibodies to a heterologous, as well as to a homologous, strain could be detected by the elisa. the igm response was both rapid and transient, suggesting that its detection could be used as a means of identifying a recent ibv infection. because igg appeared to compete successfully with igm for sites on the viral antigen, it was found necessary ... | 1986 | 18766544 |
| in ovo interference of embryo non-lethal avian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) with velogenic newcastle disease virus and embryo adapted ibv. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) interfered with the lethal effects of velogenic newcastle disease virus (ndv) and embryo adapted ibv in eggs previously inoculated with non-lethal ibv. greater interference was noted in eggs superinfected with embryo adapted ibv than velogenic ndv. the interference could be eliminated by treating the initial ibv with homologous anti-ibv serum. | 1986 | 3010408 |
| coronavirus ibv: partial amino terminal sequencing of spike polypeptide s2 identifies the sequence arg-arg-phe-arg-arg at the cleavage site of the spike precursor propolypeptide of ibv strains beaudette and m41. | the spike protein of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus comprises two glycopolypeptides s1 and s2 derived by cleavage of a proglycopolypeptide so, the nucleotide sequence of which has recently been determined for the beaudette strain (binns, m.m. et al., 1985, j. gen. virol. 66, 719-726). the order of the two glycopolypeptides within so is aminoterminus(n)-s1-s2-carboxyterminus(c). to locate the n-terminus of s2 we have performed partial amino acid sequencing on s2 from ibv-beaudette labell ... | 1986 | 3010595 |
| coronavirus ibv glycopolypeptides: locational studies using proteases and saponin, a membrane permeabilizer. | [35s]methionine-labelled avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) (strain 41) and its purified protein components and virions of ibv-beaudette were incubated with 10 proteases. several proteases hydrolysed all or some of the membrane glycopolypeptide (m; mr 30k) and removed about 1.3k of peptide from the amino-(n-)-terminus plus both glycans, as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. n-terminal analysis of [3h]isoleucine-labelled m after hydrolysis by bromelain revealed that the fi ... | 1986 | 3010596 |
| cytoplasmic domains of cellular and viral integral membrane proteins substitute for the cytoplasmic domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in transport to the plasma membrane. | oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to construct chimeric cdnas that encode the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (g) linked to the cytoplasmic domain of either the immunoglobulin mu membrane heavy chain, the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus, or the small glycoprotein (p23) of infectious bronchitis virus. biochemical analyses and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that these hybrid genes were correctly expressed ... | 1986 | 3011809 |
| infectious bronchitis immunity: its study in chickens experimentally infected with mixtures of infectious bronchitis virus and escherichia coli. | the live infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine, h120, protected chickens against intranasal challenge with a mixture of escherichia coli strains (e. coli pool) and ib virus (ibv) strains of the same (massachusetts) serotype as h120; it usually also protected against challenge with the e. coli pool and ibv strains of other serological types. when these challenge strains were themselves used as vaccines they usually protected against challenge with a mixture of the e. coli pool and an ibv strain of t ... | 1986 | 3014052 |
| coronavirus ibv: virus retaining spike glycopolypeptide s2 but not s1 is unable to induce virus-neutralizing or haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, or induce chicken tracheal protection. | avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) inactivated by beta-propiolactone induced partial protection of the trachea in up to 40% of chickens following one intramuscular inoculation 4 to 6 weeks prior to challenge. retention of an intact tracheal ciliated epithelium 4 days after challenge was the criterion of protection. there was no correlation between protection and serum titres of virus-neutralizing (vn) and haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody, which were maximal at about 4 weeks ... | 1986 | 3014053 |
| coronavirus ibv: removal of spike glycopolypeptide s1 by urea abolishes infectivity and haemagglutination but not attachment to cells. | urea has been used to remove the s1 spike glycopolypeptide from avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains m41 and beaudette, without removing the s2 spike-anchoring glycopolypeptide. reduction of the ph to 2.9 did not cause release of s1 although some s1 was released spontaneously from ibv beaudette at ph 7.4. virus that lacked s1 was no longer infectious or able to cause haemagglutination (ha). however, radiolabelled ibv that lacked s1 attached to erythrocytes and chick kidney cells to th ... | 1986 | 3014054 |
| rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. iv. association of infectious bursal disease serology with broiler flock performance. | breeder and broiler flocks were serologically evaluated using a multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (m-elisa). the serologic status of two commercial broiler-breeder flocks and their progeny was monitored, and 840 sera were promptly assessed for antibodies against six infectious agents using the m-elisa. breeder flocks were sampled at lay, and broiler chicks were hatched from fertile eggs collected on the scheduled lay date of the breeders. the broiler chicks were placed for growout as ei ... | 1986 | 3015100 |
| nonspecific reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay caused by binding of immunoglobulins in situ to egg-propagated infectious bronchitis virus. | high levels of nonspecific background absorbance and increased variability were found in a previously optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antibody after changing to commercially available non-pathogen-free eggs for viral antigen production. an increase in bound viral antigen in the assay caused a proportionate increase in the nonspecific binding of the conjugate, independent of other variables, in the absence of serum. virus was propagated in ... | 1986 | 3015101 |
| reversion to virulence of chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | serial passage of two infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine strains in chickens enhanced their capacity to increase the incidence and severity of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) airsacculitis. included in this report were the mild massachusetts-type connaught strain and the arkansas 99 vaccine strain of ibv. the connaught strain and one of two ark 99 vaccine strains passaged in chickens increased the incidence of airsacculitis markedly compared with nonpassaged virus. the other ark 99 vaccine virus ... | 1986 | 3015106 |
| coronaviruses associated with outbreaks of transmissible enteritis of turkeys in quebec: hemagglutination properties and cell cultivation. | coronaviruses were observed by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of turkeys in quebec flocks where repeated outbreaks of enteritis occurred. three isolates could be serially propagated in turkey embryos inoculated by the amniotic route with clarified intestinal contents. purification and concentration of viral particles contained in intestinal contents of infected embryos were achieved by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients. th ... | 1986 | 3015116 |
| nucleotide sequence encoding the membrane protein of the ibv strain 6/82. | 1986 | 3016650 | |
| the detection of antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus by use of immunofluorescence with tissue sections of nephritic kidneys. | 1986 | 3017282 | |
| comparison of the nephropathogenicity of four strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | experiments were conducted to characterize renal lesions in chickens induced by four strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv); each has been described as nephropathogenic. those strains were also compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated older chickens for nephropathogenicity. the younger birds were much more susceptible to the nephritogenic effects of the strains. all four strains produced acute renal changes consisting of tubular damage and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and ede ... | 1986 | 3021097 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the extreme 5' end of the avian coronavirus genome; implications for the discontinuous mrna synthesis. | 1986 | 3022236 |