Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| purification and properties of african swine fever virus. | we describe a method for african swine fever (asf) virus purification based on equilibrium centrifugation in percoll density gradients of extracellular virions produced in infected vero cells that yielded about 15 +/- 9% recovery of the starting infectious virus particles. the purified virus preparations were essentially free of a host membrane fraction (vesicles) that could not be separated from the virus by previously described purification methods. the purified virus sedimented as a single co ... | 1985 | 3989907 |
| [swine fever: a changing clinical picture]. | signs of disease typical of classical swine fever are often absent in outbreaks caused by virus strains of low virulence. the clinical picture and epizootiology of these strains causing swine fever in the netherlands are elucidated on the basis of experimentally induced infections and outbreaks in the field respectively. strains of both high and low virulence are involved in the present epizootic. the absence of symptoms hampers early detection in the field. intra-uterine infections may occur in ... | 1985 | 3992564 |
| [commercial method of aerogenic immunization of pigs against swine fever]. | an industrial method is presented through a model with a chamber for aerogenic immunization of about 250 pigs, aged 2.5 months. the experiments were carried out with more than 1,000 pigs of the camborough hybrid under industrial conditions of raising. the process of immunization was feasibly carried out when the pigs passed through the chamber using aerosol at mixing them upon transference from the growing section to the fattening one, according to the provisions of the raising technology. a lap ... | 1985 | 3992924 |
| effect of chloroquine on african swine fever virus infection. | when present during the whole infective cycle, the lysosomotropic drug, chloroquine, inhibited cytopathic changes and production of african swine fever virus (asfv) in vero cells. this inhibition decreased when the drug was added from 1 h to 4 h after infection. chloroquine had no effect on the virus nor on viral adsorption and internalization. electron microscopy showed that, in the presence of the drug, the virions were retained in large vacuoles having a lysosomal appearance. this inhibition ... | 1985 | 3998709 |
| the role of antibody in protection against african swine fever virus. | intraperitoneal immunization of pigs with anti-african swine fever virus (asfv) antibody protected them against the effects of challenge with asfv. this protection, which was exemplified by a reduction in pyrexia and viraemia plus an increased survival time, appeared to be mediated through the effects of complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (cdac) or antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (adcc). experiments suggested that the reduction in viraemia was associated with compl ... | 1985 | 4035978 |
| mechanism of thrombocytopenia in african swine fever. | pigs were inoculated with an african swine fever (asf) isolate of moderate virulence, and the changes in the number of circulating blood platelets during infection were correlated with the appearance of antiviral antibody and fluctuations in total plasma hemolytic complement concentrations. thrombocytopenia was detected by postinoculation days (pid) 7 and 8, and antiviral antibody was detected by pid 7, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. the total hemolytic complement concentration ... | 1985 | 4062007 |
| polypeptides and structure of african swine fever virus. | extracellular and intracellular african swine fever virus (asfv) was purified using a two-phase aqueous polymer system. both the structure of the virus and the polypeptides present during the purification procedure were studied. after peg/dextran phase separation and centrifugation through 20% (w/v) ficoll, 79% of input infectivity was recovered as semi-purified virus. the density of the virus after equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose was 1.19 g/ml. the envelope of the virion consisting of a u ... | 1985 | 4072397 |
| [onset and duration of immunity following aerogenic immunization of swine against swine pest and erysipelas]. | 1985 | 4074082 | |
| experimental transmission of african swine fever virus by ornithodoros savignyi (audouin). | the 'sand tampan', ornithodoros savignyi, is susceptible to oral infection with african swine fever (asf) virus in the laboratory. infected ticks can transmit the virus transstadially and are able to maintain it for at least 106 days. transmission of asf virus by infected ticks to healthy pigs was achieved on five separate occasions between 50 and 106 days after infection. pigs infected in this way developed typical acute african swine fever. the distribution of o savignyi in africa suggests tha ... | 1985 | 4081341 |
| [demonstration of the swine fever virus by the infection of cell cultures of lymphocytes and lysed red blood cells]. | a method was worked out for the diagnosing of swine fever by means of infecting sensitive cell cultures on lamellae with lyzed red blood cells and lymphocytes, the demonstration being performed through immunofluorescence. the new method made it possible to avoid killing of suspected animals for diagnostic purposes (in order to prepare suspensions of parenchymal organs and isolate the virus) while the characteristic morphologic changes were still not well manifested. | 1985 | 4090264 |
| morphological study on the entry of african swine fever virus into cells. | the early interactions between african swine fever virus (asfv) and monkey kidney cells in culture, and the effect of chloroquine were studied by electron microscopy. our results indicate that asfv uptake occurs by endocytosis: after attachment to the cell surface, the virions were seen in coated pits and were internalized by endocytosis in endosomes and finally in lysosomes. virions in coated vesicles were never seen. all these steps were completed in about 15 min. direct penetration of viruses ... | 1985 | 2937495 |
| [simultaneous vaccination against aujeszky's disease and european hog cholera]. | 1985 | 2986592 | |
| screening for neutralizing antibodies against hog cholera- and/or bovine viral diarrhea virus in danish pigs. | 1985 | 2994428 | |
| an immunological approach to vaccines against african swine fever virus. | until recently there were no published reports of any immunological mechanism which could curtail the replication of african swine fever virus (asfv). we have now described three such mechanisms--complement dependent lysis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and cytotoxic t lymphocytes. this paper discusses the likely role which each might play during asfv infection and indicates where this research might help with a disease where no effective vaccine is available. | 1985 | 3873757 |
| monoclonal antibodies specific for african swine fever virus proteins. | we have obtained 60 stable hybridomas which produced immunoglobulins that recognized 12 proteins from african swine fever virus particles and african swine fever virus-infected cells. most of the monoclonal antibodies were specific for the three major structural proteins p150, p72, and p12. the specificity of some monoclonal antibodies for the structural proteins p150 and p37 and the nonstructural proteins p220 and p60 indicated that proteins p150 and p220 are antigenically related to proteins p ... | 1985 | 3882998 |
| african swine fever virus. | 1985 | 3893908 | |
| diversity of african swine fever virus. | an african swine fever virus is an heterogeneous population, consisting of clones having different biological characteristics in respect to hemadsorption, virulence, infectivity, plaque size, and antigenic determinants. the following observations were made: nonhemadsorbing virus (nhv) have been segregated from field isolates from haiti (ht-1) and a bone marrow- and buffy coat-passaged portuguese isolate (l'60bm89bc1) and appear as a major, minor, or equal mixture with hemadsorbing viruses in the ... | 1985 | 2581483 |
| monoclonal antibodies of african swine fever virus: antigenic differences among field virus isolates and viruses passaged in cell culture. | an analysis of the binding properties of a collection of monoclonal antibodies to african swine fever virus particles showed that virus field isolates passaged in porcine macrophages changed antigenically more than a strain of a cell-adapted virus passaged in vero cells. from seven clones isolated from the spleen of a field-infected pig, we found four clones that had the same antigenic properties, one clone that had large changes in proteins p150 and p27 and small changes in proteins p37 and p14 ... | 1986 | 2422393 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against swine fever virus and their use in laboratory diagnosis. | thirteen hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibodies (mcas) against swine fever virus (sfv) strain brescia were produced. the hybrid cells resulted from fusion of p3x63-ag8.653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice which had been immunized with purified sfv. screening of supernatant fluids was performed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma). the ipma, and an immunoperoxidase test (ipt) performed on cryostat se ... | 1986 | 2428160 |
| application of prpel2 plasmid to detect african swine fever virus by dna-dna hybridization. brief report. | a diagnostic assay has been developed to detect african swine fever virus in field samples. it is based on the use of 32p-dna from prpel2 plasmid as a hybridization probe. this plasmid contains essentially the h-clai dna fragment from the spain-70 strain of african swine fever virus. | 1986 | 3942504 |
| establishment of a vero cell line persistently infected with african swine fever virus. | a vero cell line persistently infected with african swine fever virus was established by infecting the cells in the presence of 10 mm nh4cl (vero-p cell line). the virus derived from the vero-p cultures infected vero cells, and virus titers were comparable to those obtained in vero cells acutely infected with african swine fever virus. the structural proteins of the virus from vero-p cells were similar to those of the virus produced in lytic infections. virus production was low when the vero-p c ... | 1986 | 3701926 |
| inactivation and inhibition of african swine fever virus by monoolein, monolinolein, and gamma-linolenyl alcohol. brief report. | monoolein, monolinolein and (most strongly) gamma-linolenyl alcohol inactivate asf virus and inhibit its replication in vero cells at 25 micrograms/ml while at 10 micrograms/ml no inactivation occurs but inhibition of replication in tissue culture is observed. this suggests two possibly different action mechanisms. | 1986 | 3707358 |
| [control of the european hog cholera with regard to new european community regulations. changes in state preventive measures relating to district vaccinations]. | since the end of 1982 classical swine fever has again occurred in the federal republic of germany. there was an increasing trend until the middle of 1984. the number of cases increased above all in the northwest of the federal republic, the area with a high pig density. in mid-1984 it was decided in the federal republic to carry out for the first time a large-scale systematic vaccination of all pigs in a certain heavily affected area--similar to what is done in the netherlands--apart from the tr ... | 1986 | 3715854 |
| transcription and translation maps of african swine fever virus. | a transcription map of african swine fever (asf) virus dna was obtained by hybridization of 32p-labeled early and late rnas synthesized in vero cells infected with asf virus to dot-blots containing cloned restriction fragments spanning the viral genome. early rnas synthesized in infected cells in the presence of protein or dna synthesis inhibitors hybridized preferentially to four regions in the genome, with coordinates e1 (0-51.9 kbp), e3 (63.7-75.2 kbp), e5 (100.1-111.6 kbp), and e7 (150-170 k ... | 1986 | 3716203 |
| glycosylated components of african swine fever virus particles. | extracellular african swine fever (asf) virus particles were specifically agglutinated by several lectins, suggesting the presence of surface glycosylated component(s) containing at least glucose, mannose, or both; galactose, n-acetylgalactosamine, or both; n-acetylneuraminic acid and n-acetylglucosamine, but not fucose. when virions were purified from infected vero cells labeled with [14c]glucosamine, [14c]galactose and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, no major structural glycopr ... | 1986 | 3716204 |
| new agents active against african swine fever virus. | actinobolin, atropine, carrageenan, megalomycin c, suramin, and tetracenomycin c were tested for their activity against african swine fever virus replication. both viral inhibitory potency and cytotoxicity were investigated. megalomycin c, suramin, atropine, and carrageenan exhibited significant activity. megalomycin c was the most active of the four agents with respect to the concentration of compound that blocked the formation of infectious virus by 50%. suramin was the next most active agent ... | 1986 | 3717934 |
| african swine fever virus gene expression in infected vero cells. | polypeptides synthesized in vero cells infected with african swine fever virus (asfv) can be divided into early and late classes on the basis of their sensitivity to cytosine arabinoside. as asfv does not inhibit cell protein synthesis until late in infection, immunoprecipitation was used to identify virus-specific polypeptides. eighteen early and 15 late polypeptides were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. early polypeptides can be further divided into those which are transiently e ... | 1986 | 3723111 |
| inhibition of african swine fever infection in the presence of immune sera in vivo and in vitro. | in assay cultures, sera from african swine fever convalescent pigs inhibited infection by homologous african swine fever virus. the infection-inhibition capacity did not correspond with the virus-neutralizing capacity. the serum did not prevent infection by heterologous virulent viruses. sera from pigs challenge inoculated with the homologous virulent virus and later with a heterologous virulent virus inhibited the infection by different heterologous virulent viruses. these sera did not interfer ... | 1986 | 3729125 |
| neutralization of african swine fever virus by sera from african swine fever-resistant pigs. | sera from african swine fever-resistant pigs with infection-inhibitory activity decreased virus replication in infected porcine buffy coat cultures. this same effect was observed even after virus was adsorbed. the infection-inhibition was not reversed by removing the immune serum from the assay cultures. reduction of african swine fever virus replication by immune sera was demonstrated by fluorescent focus assay on ms cell line cultures. virus-neutralization tests showed a persistent fraction of ... | 1986 | 3752695 |
| a novel selective broad-spectrum anti-dna virus agent. | a new compound has been found, (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ((s)-hpmpa), that has potent and selective activity against a broad spectrum of dna viruses, including herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2); varicella zoster virus; thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) mutants of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus; human cytomegalovirus; phocid, simian, suid, bovid and equid herpesviruses; african swine fever virus; vaccinia virus; and human adenoviruses. it is also active again ... | 1986 | 3762696 |
| african swine fever. i. morphological changes and virus replication in blood platelets of pigs infected with virulent haemadsorbing and non-haemadsorbing isolates. | replicating and mature viral particles were detected with the transmission electron microscope in blood platelets of pigs infected with virulent haemadsorbing and non-haemadsorbing african swine fever virus isolates. although platelet numbers decreased terminally in infected pigs, the most noticeable morphological damage to these cells apparent in the last 2 days of the disease included cytoplasmic swelling, vacuolation, fragmentation and loss of dense granules. | 1986 | 3763165 |
| hairpin loop structure of african swine fever virus dna. | the ends of african swine fever virus genome are formed by a 37 nucleotide-long hairpin loop composed, almost entirely, of incompletely paired a and t residues. the loops at each dna end were present in two equimolar forms that, when compared in opposite polarities, were inverted and complementary (flip-flop), as in the case of poxvirus dna. the hairpin loops of african swine fever and vaccinia virus dnas had no homology, but both dnas had a 16 nucleotide-long sequence, close to the hairpin loop ... | 1986 | 3763393 |
| single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid nuclease induced by african swine fever virus and associated to the virion. | infection of vero cells with african swine fever (asf) virus resulted in a marked increase of dnase active on single-stranded dna (ss-dnase). no increase was observed for double-stranded dna-specific nuclease activity. in contrast to uninfected cell ss-dnase, which has a ph optimum at ph range 8.5-9, virus-induced ss-dnase is most active at ph 7. differences in sensitivity to several ions and other modifications of the reaction mixture and considerable difference in reaction kinetics suggest tha ... | 1986 | 3776099 |
| african swine fever virus-induced polypeptides in vero cells. | african swine fever virus induces in vero cells 81 acid and 14 basic polypeptides which account for most of the information content of the virus dna. the kinetics and the cytosine arabinoside sensitivity of the synthesis of the virus-induced polypeptides showed the existence of three classes of proteins, two early and one late. most of the early proteins were synthesized along the whole replication cycle, but the synthesis of some of the early proteins was switched-off after virus dna replicatio ... | 1986 | 3776350 |
| preliminary serological characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | five monoclonal antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) viral strain nadl were isolated and characterized by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. extensive cross-reactions were detected when the antibodies were tested with 12 heterologous bvd and four hog cholera (hc) viral strains. one antibody reacted with all strains tested. two antibodies were specific for cytopathogenic bvd viruses, but failed to react with hc virus. the other antibodies reacted to varying degrees with bvd and ... | 1986 | 3022462 |
| african swine fever virus and aids. | 1986 | 2869298 | |
| aids and african swine fever virus. | 1986 | 2876270 | |
| localization of structural proteins in african swine fever virus particles by immunoelectron microscopy. | seven african swine fever virus structural proteins were localized in the virion by immunoelectron microscopy. african swine fever virus-infected cells were incubated, before or after embedding and thin sectioning, with monoclonal antibodies specific for different structural proteins, and after labeling with protein a-gold complexes, the samples were examined in the electron microscope. proteins p14 and p24 were found in the external region of the virion, proteins p12, p72, p17, and p37 were fou ... | 1986 | 3517383 |
| two-dimensional analysis of african swine fever virus proteins and proteins induced in infected cells. | two-dimensional (2d) analysis of african swine fever (asf) virus purified by percoll gradient centrifugation resolves 54 structural proteins, 30 in conventional ief gels and 24 in nephge gels, while only 26 structural proteins are separated by sds-page. the two main bands separated by sds-page, with mol wt 150k and 72k, correspond to single spots in 2d gels. other bands, including major bands of 38k, 35k, 24k, 17k, and 15.5k mol wt, correspond to multiple proteins of the same molecular weight bu ... | 1986 | 3521071 |
| in vitro and in vivo association of african swine fever virus with swine erythrocytes. | the association of african swine fever virus (asfv) with swine erythrocytes in vivo, in high titers, was verified by inoculating 30 pigs with 17 asfv isolates and assaying their plasma and washed erythrocyte fractions for residual virus. viral antigens were specifically localized on the surface of in vitro and in vivo swine erythrocytes, using the fluorescent antibody technique and 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for asfv. the same monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated virus-specific polypep ... | 1986 | 3521406 |
| a micromethod for measuring swine fever antibody by neutralisation and immunofluorescence. | a micromethod employing the neutralisation and direct immunofluorescence technique for the detection of antibodies against swine fever in pig serum samples is described. the micromethod is simple and reproducible when compared with the macromethod. a total of 80 blood samples were randomly collected for comparison. the results are promising and reveal a 100 per cent correlation with the macrotechnique. | 1986 | 3526486 |
| identification of african swine fever viral antigens in the hemolymph of soft ticks (argasidae: ornithodoros) by the immunodot blot test. | the immunodot blot test was used to identify african swine fever virus (asfv) antigens in the hemolymph from soft ticks (ornithodoros coriaceus) fed on asfv-infected pigs. the immunodot blot test was sensitive and specific for asfv antigens and has potential field application. hemolymph from field-collected ticks can be screened for asfv and a variety of other tick-borne pathogens using this test. | 1986 | 3532842 |
| [differentiation of strains of the swine fever virus depending on their temperature resistance at 56 degrees c and on the size of fluorescent plaques]. | in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to differentiate the virulent swine fever virus strain vratsa and the vaccinal strains k and vp with regard to their resistance at 56 degrees c and to the size of the fluorescent plaques. the results obtained were comparable. the virulent strain was found to retain its viability at temperature of 56 degrees c for 30 min. the heated virus formed large, strongly fluorescent plaques in the infected cell cultures of pig kidney. the fluorescent cells ... | 1986 | 3544472 |
| influence of the vaccination regime on the herd immune response for swine fever. | surveys in three areas with emergency vaccination programmes revealed that 86-94% of the pigs vaccinated in the initial mass campaign had developed an adequate antibody titre against swine fever as compared with 29-55% of the pigs involved in supplementary vaccination campaigns. the serological response of piglets born from immunised sows rose with the age of vaccination from 11% at 5-6 weeks to 42% at 7-8 weeks and 77% at 9-10 weeks. in piglets born from immunised sows, a 50% 'take' of the vacc ... | 1987 | 3551318 |
| [trial of the intensity and duration of swine fever immunity in pigs]. | comparative testing of the intensity and the continuity of immunity against swine fever was carried out with pigs producers of serum against edema disease and swine erysipelas, vaccinated with an untreated and a freeze-dried k vaccine. control infection studies revealed that serum-producing pigs with regard to edema disease, immunized with a freeze-dried and an untreated lapinized k vaccine, could acquire sufficiently stable immunity from the 6th to the 9th month following immunization both in t ... | 1987 | 3617486 |
| african swine fever. ii. functional disturbances of thrombocytes in pigs infected with virulent haemadsorbing and non-haemadsorbing virus isolates. | increased bleeding time, impaired blood clot retraction and decreased thrombocyte aggregation were observed in pigs infected with virulent haemadsorbing and non-haemadsorbing african swine fever virus isolates. these changes appeared to be more frequent and more severe in pigs infected with the haemadsorbing virus isolates than in those infected with the non-haemadsorbing isolate. moreover, the onset and severity of these changes followed the numerical decrease and morphological damage to these ... | 1987 | 3627730 |
| in vivo and in vitro effects of moderately virulent african swine fever virus on mitogenesis of pig lymphocytes. | six pigs were infected oro-nasally with a moderately virulent african swine fever (asf) virus from the dominican republic (dr ii). the effect of virus infection on the pig's immune system was tested by measuring peripheral leucocyte numbers and the ability of mononuclear leucocytes (mnl) to respond by lymphocyte proliferation (lp) to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin-p (pha-p), concanavalin-a (con-a), and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). all 6 pigs developed high viremias between 4 and 18 days post-inocula ... | 1987 | 3629941 |
| [oral immunization of suckling piglets against classic swine fever]. | attempts were made to immunize suckling pigs against classic swine fever. the pigs were treated orally, originating from sows which were immunized on the 30th-40th and the 90th-100th day of pregnancy, as well as from sows which were vaccinated one month prior to impregnation. a bulgarian lapinized k vaccine and a soviet lk-vniivvim cell culture were used (immunization being carried out 1-2 hours before the newborns were allowed to suck) at the rate of 150 doses for both vaccines. it was demonstr ... | 1987 | 3629951 |
| proteins synthesized in african swine fever virus-infected cells analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | at least 74 acidic and 37 basic proteins are synthesized in african swine fever virus (asfv)-infected monkey cells not detected in uninfected cells analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. essentially all the proteins synthesized early during infection are also observed at late times. the use of inhibitors such as cycloheximide and phosphonoacetate has led to the identification of 34 immediate early and 13 delayed early polypeptides. therefore 64 proteins were classified as late polypept ... | 1987 | 3629977 |
| in vitro immune serum-mediated protection of pig monocytes against african swine fever virus. | serum samples from pigs that had recovered from infection with a dominican republic isolate of african swine fever virus (asfv) were mixed with dilutions of the virus, then assayed in microcultures of normal pig mononuclear leukocytes to determine whether the samples contained antibodies that protected monocytes against the virus. protection was determined by the difference in titer (log10) between virus mixed with healthy pig serum and virus mixed with immune pig serum, using 50% cytopathogenic ... | 1987 | 3631688 |
| synthesis of african swine fever (asf) virus-specific antibodies in vitro in a porcine leucocyte system. | we have developed a system of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the synthesis of antibodies in vitro, induced by partially purified african swine fever virus particles inactivated with formaldehyde. the antibodies synthesized were detected by a radioimmunoassay with a sensitivity of 3 ng of immunoglobulin. primary responses were dependent on supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with concanavalin a, macrophages and t lymphocytes. secondary responses did not ... | 1987 | 3679284 |
| dna-binding proteins specified by african swine fever virus. | [35s]methionine-labeled proteins from total or cytoplasmic extracts of vero cells infected with african swine fever virus were chromatographed on native and denatured dna-cellulose and dna-binding proteins were analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), by dna binding to western blots, or by two-dimensional electrophoresis. thirteen virus-specific dna-binding proteins were detected by one-dimensional analysis. major species have molecular mass 44,000 (44k), 38k, 20k, 18k, 14k ... | 1987 | 3686826 |
| abortion in sows experimentally infected with african swine fever virus: pathogenesis studies. | thirteen sows that were 38 to 92 days pregnant were experimentally infected with an african swine fever (asf) virus strain of low virulence (dominican republic isolate). seven of 11 sows that were not killed had aborted. the pathogenesis of the abortions was studied, using virus isolation, tissue immunofluoresence, and histopathologic techniques. african swine fever virus was recovered from 179 of 1,329 (13.5%) fetal tissues tested. the 3 fetal tissues most frequently yielding virus were the fet ... | 1987 | 3826864 |
| [development, status and responsibilities in control and immunoprevention of swine fever in east germany]. | 1987 | 3442451 | |
| [effective preventive dose of riems swine fever vaccine for aerogenic immunization]. | 1987 | 3442453 | |
| recurrent viruses in a singapore intensive pig farming estate. | the ponggol intensive pig farming estate was conceived approximately 10 years ago to accommodate pig farms resettled from water catchment areas. initially stocking density of the estate was 1300-1500 pigs per hectare (ha) and the total pig population in the estate was 200,000. over the past 10 years the numbers of pigs have increased to 400,000 and the stocking density of the big commercial units have increased to 1500-2500 per ha. with such intensive methods of husbandry environmental problems ... | 1987 | 3446006 |
| phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and -pyrimidines as inhibitors of african swine fever virus replication in vitro. | several phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurine and -pyrimidine derivatives related to (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa] and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) were evaluated as inhibitors of african swine fever virus (asfv) replication in vero cells. (s)-hpmpa has previously been shown to inhibit asfv replication at a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 0.01 microgram/ml with a selectivity index of 15000. of the new compounds tested, the following emerged as the ... | 1987 | 3451699 |
| comparative efficacy of broad-spectrum antiviral agents as inhibitors of african swine fever virus replication in vitro. | various nucleoside analogues, selected on the basis of their previously established broad-spectrum antiviral properties, were evaluated for their potency and selectivity as inhibitors of the in vitro replication of the iridovirus, african swine fever virus (asfv). the test compounds included (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa], 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, (rs)-3-adenin-9-yl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid isobutyl ester, (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, carbocyclic ... | 1987 | 3475038 |
| [incidence and control of classical swine fever in west germany]. | 1987 | 3502068 | |
| modulation of porcine peripheral blood-derived macrophage functions by in vitro infection with african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates of different virulence. | macrophages play an important role in defense against invading pathogens and neoplastic diseases. their ability to maintain their functional characteristics is also important in the survival of the host. loss of macrophage function during infection may be important in determining resistance or susceptibility of a host species. in this communication, we describe the effect of asfv replication, in macrophages in vitro, on the functional characteristics of these cells. infection with asfv did not a ... | 1987 | 3509675 |
| [studies of the antigen structure of pestiviruses using monoclonal antibodies]. | 1987 | 2448112 | |
| mechanical transmission of capripox virus and african swine fever virus by stomoxys calcitrans. | stomoxys calcitrans can act as an efficient mechanical vector of capripox virus and african swine fever virus. capripox virus was transmitted to a susceptible goat by flies infected 24 hours previously and the virus survived in some flies for at least four days. african swine fever virus was transmitted to susceptible pigs by flies infected one hour and 24 hours previously and the virus survived in these flies for at least two days without apparent loss of titre. | 1987 | 2820006 |
| genome analysis of african swine fever virus isolated in italy in 1983. | an african swine fever virus (asfv) isolated in an 1983 outbreak of the disease in piemonte, italy, was related by restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral genome to asfv strains isolated in the dominican republic (1978), haiti (1981) and cameroon (1982). | 1987 | 2821672 |
| physical characterization of the genome of a cattle isolate of capripoxvirus. | hindiii, pstl, aval, and sali site maps have been determined for the genome of a cattle isolate of capripoxvirus, kc-1. the length of the genome was estimated, by summation of the lengths of individual hindiii fragments, to be 145.6 kb, and the genome was shown to possess terminally repeated regions 1.13-6.23 kb in length. the restriction site maps demonstrate that the genome of kc-1 does not possess a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology with the genomes of isolates of orthopoxvirus, par ... | 1987 | 2821685 |
| african swine fever virus dna: deletions and additions during adaptation to growth in monkey kidney cells. | restriction enzyme cleavage maps for the fragments produced by cla i, sal i and sma i have been constructed for african swine fever virus (asfv) dna grown in pig leukocytes (strain e70 l6) and after adaptation to growth in ms monkey kidney cells (strain e70ms14). the mapping data revealed that before adaptation to growth in ms cells, the size of the dna from asfv strain e70 l6 was l73 kbp and after adaptation it was only l56 kbp. the decrease in size was produced by deletions and additions mainl ... | 1987 | 2827611 |
| [transmission of pestiviruses between animal species: experimental infection of swine with the virus of bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and of cattle with the virus of european swine fever (esp)]. | 1987 | 2827988 | |
| use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in diagnosis of viral diseases in domestic livestock. | 1987 | 2829767 | |
| neutralizing antibody development following sequential inoculation of pigs with strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus and hog cholera virus. | 1987 | 2830743 | |
| [lyophilized combined live vaccine against swine fever and aujeszky's disease]. | 1987 | 2831830 | |
| antiviral activity of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose analogues against some enveloped viruses in cell culture. | twenty five analogues of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose were screened against herpes simplex type 2, vaccinia virus, sindbis virus and african swine fever virus. after screening, the compound 5'-[[[[(2",3",4",6"-tetra-o-benzoyl-alpha-d- glucopyranosyl)oxi]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]uridine (2), the synthesis of which has been reported (camarasa et al., j. med. chem. 28, 40-46, 1985), was selected for further study. this compound showed in vitro activity against all viruses tested. the replication o ... | 1987 | 2837144 |
| proteins specified by african swine fever virus: v. identification of immediate early, early and late proteins. | autoradiographic analysis of polypeptides separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that, after infection with asfv, ms cells synthesized at least 44 new polypeptides, that could be classified as immediate early, early or late proteins. a new viral polypeptide (ip 78) was detected by treatment of cells with cycloheximide for 14 hours. | 1987 | 3101652 |
| detection of dna viruses by radioactive and non radioactive dna probes: application to african swine fever virus. | a molecular hybridization technique using radioactive and non radioactive dna probes, has been used to detect asfv dna immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. it is based on the use of plasmid prpel-2 as a hybridization probe. this plasmid contain the h-clai dna fragment (size 5.6 kbp) from the spain-70 strain of asfv. the sensitivity of detection using radioactive 32p-probes (specific activity about 2 x 10(8) cpm per microgram) was about 20 pg of viral dna. the 32p-prpel-2 dna probe can detect abo ... | 1987 | 3101653 |
| a hemolymph test for the detection of african swine fever virus in ornithodoros coriaceus (acari: argasidae). | 1987 | 3295242 | |
| prospects for the use of embryos in the control of disease and the transport of genotypes. | transfer and low temperature storage of embryos are now proven techniques for a number of mammalian species. these techniques are useful in control of disease and in saving genotypes from infected animals. the place of embryos in the epidemiology of disease depends upon whether the causative organism can gain entry to the oocyte before or at fertilisation and on whether the young embryo can be invaded by organisms in the uterine environment. there is little evidence that important live-stock dis ... | 1987 | 3297016 |
| hog cholera virus: art and facts. | the aim of this review is to summarize the informations accumulated during the two last decades on hog cholera virus, a member of the pestivirus genus. different aspects concerning the virus-host cell interactions, and the structural and antigenic properties of the virion itself are successively analyzed. despite numerous works, many basic informations are still lacking, which can be explained by the difficulties inherent to the study of this virus. | 1987 | 3304110 |
| cytopathogenic effect of african swine fever virus for pig monocytes: characterization and use in microassay. | a microculture assay is described for the titration of african swine fever virus (asfv) using swine monocytes contained in mononuclear leucocyte (mnl) microcultures. titration endpoints were determined by observing cytopathogenic effects (cpe) of asfv infected monocytes with an inverted microscope at 40 x magnification. cpe was a late event following the detection of asfv antigens in monocytes by radioimmune assay, immunofluorescence and hemadsorption. it began with the detachment, enlargement a ... | 1987 | 3307125 |
| [cultivation and demonstration of the classic swine fever virus]. | experiments were carried out for the cultivation and indication of the swine pestivirus in several continuous and in primary cell lines, using lapinized and field strains of the virus. it was demonstrated that in the various cell cultures the strains used showed varying rates of growth. in pk-15 and pig embryonic kidney cell lines, the field strains and the virulent vratsa strain replicated with no preliminary adaptation, forming numerous large fluorescent plaques at the 16th to 18th hour. in th ... | 1987 | 3307133 |
| the host response to african swine fever virus. | 1987 | 3310105 | |
| inhibition of virus replication in the tonsils of pigs previously vaccinated with a chinese strain vaccine and challenged oronasally with a virulent strain of classical swine fever virus. | after an oronasal (o.n.) infection with classical swine fever (c.s.f.) virus, virus multiplication can be detected in the tonsils from day 2 post infection (p.i.) till death. the course of viral replication during the first 10 days after o.n. challenge exposure of pigs, previously vaccinated with a chinese strain vaccine in the presence or absence of maternal antibodies, was studied using direct immunofluorescence techniques on cryostat sections and virus isolations. when piglets were challenged ... | 1987 | 3310377 |
| potential arthropod vectors of african swine fever virus in north america and the caribbean basin. | in an effort to identify arthropods that might serve as vectors and perhaps reservoirs of african swine fever virus (asfv) if it were to enter the u.s.a., the blood-sucking insect triatoma gerstaeckeri and four species of ticks of the genus ornithodoros were established in colonies capable of reproducing in numbers sufficient to enable thorough studies to be made of their asfv vector potentials. a nymphal stage of t. gerstaeckeri carried the virus for 41 days and retained it through one molt, bu ... | 1987 | 3326244 |
| correlations between titres from direct immunofluorescence and bioassay for assessment of potency of "celvivac" swine fever live vaccine. | 1987 | 3327482 | |
| moderately virulent african swine fever virus infection: blood cell changes and infective virus distribution among blood components. | blood samples of pigs infected with a moderately virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate, obtained from the dominican republic (dr-ii), were monitored temporally for viremia, infective asfv association with major blood components, differential changes in blood cell composition, and plasma antibodies to asfv. after intranasal/oral virus inoculation, pigs underwent acute infection and illness that resolved. acute illness began on postinoculation day (pid) 4 and continued to pid 11, and p ... | 1988 | 3358545 |
| effect of inhibitors of the host cell rna polymerase ii on african swine fever virus multiplication. | the role of the host cell rna polymerase ii in african swine fever (asf) virus growth has been examined using inhibitors of this enzyme. the adenosine analog 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (drb), an inhibitor of mrna precursor synthesis in mammalian cells, strongly inhibits the production of infectious progeny virus in vero cells, but does not significantly affect the synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules. on the other hand, virion assembly seems to proceed normally in the ... | 1988 | 3363868 |
| classical swine fever: virulence and tissue distribution of a 1986 english isolate in pigs. | following the recurrence of classical swine fever in the united kingdom in 1986, a virus isolated from a single outbreak was studied. a major factor in the spread of this disease is considered to be the presence of infectious virus in tissues taken from animals at certain stages of infection, although their condition may escape detection by routine inspection either before or after slaughter. intranasal inoculation of the isolate into eight-week-old pigs reproduced the acute form of the disease. ... | 1988 | 3394221 |
| inhibition of african swine fever virus dna synthesis by (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. | the acyclic nucleotide analogue (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa] is a potent and selective inhibitor of african swine fever virus (asfv) replication. using the dna-dna hybridization technique with plasmid prpel-2 as probe, we have shown that (s)-hpmpa exerts a specific, dose-dependent, inhibitory effect on viral dna synthesis. also, (s)-hpmpa inhibits the production of late viral proteins, especially ip-73, in asfv-infected ms and vero cells. when evaluated under th ... | 1988 | 3395330 |
| a model virus-cell system to study the persistence of african swine fever virus. | the persistence of african swine fever virus (asfv) on vero cells was induced by using 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idu). after the persistence was established, several cycles of decreasing virus production were observed with intervals in which no virus could be detected. these latency-like periods could last from 15 to 25 days. after three and a half months the cells appeared to be "cured" and no virus was detected during almost three years. these "cured" cells (vero-l) were more resistant to superi ... | 1988 | 3401116 |
| isolation of african swine fever virus from ticks of the ornithodoros moubata complex (ixodoidea: argasidae) collected within the african swine fever enzootic area of malawi. | ticks of the ornithodoros moubata complex were collected from domestic pig sties and dwelling houses, and from a warthog habitat, and tested for the presence of african swine fever (asf) virus. collections were made in 9 of the 24 districts of malawi, these being primarily the districts in which o. moubata is most numerous. asf virus was isolated from ticks collected in both domestic pig sties and houses in certain villages in mchinji district where asf outbreaks had recently occurred. mchinji d ... | 1988 | 3402546 |
| outbreaks of classical swine fever in great britain in 1986. | classical swine fever was confirmed in 10 herds in britain between april 10 and june 25, 1986 and typical acute disease was seen in nine of them. serological evidence of exposure to classical swine fever virus was found in a further seven herds which, together with another nine, were slaughtered as dangerous contacts. altogether 7781 pigs in 26 herds were slaughtered at a cost of 450,101 pounds for compensation alone. in order to detect subclinical disease, the majority of traced herds were bloo ... | 1988 | 3420768 |
| phosphorylation of african swine fever virus proteins in vitro and in vivo. | highly purified african swine fever virus contains a cyclic amp-independent protein kinase which phosphorylates endogenous virus proteins with a specific activity of about 0.45 pmol/microgram of virus protein. the major substrates for the virion protein kinase in vitro were the structural proteins p10 and p9. both proteins were phosphorylated preferentially at serine residues. a possible relationship between protein p10 phosphorylation and rna synthesis in vitro by the virion-associated rna poly ... | 1988 | 3139081 |
| effect of interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor on african swine fever virus replication in porcine monocytes and macrophages. | bovine interferon-alpha i1 (ifn-alpha i1) and porcine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) inhibited african swine fever virus replication in both porcine monocytes and alveolar macrophages. the most potent antiviral activity was observed with ifn-gamma-treated alveolar macrophages. the production of both a virulent (cc83) and a non-virulent (ba71) isolate of the virus was inhibited. bovine tumour necrosis factor alpha did not show antiviral activity in either monocytes or alveolar macrophages. rather, ... | 1988 | 3143809 |
| susceptibility of a minipig kidney cell line (mpk) to hog cholera virus. | a comparitive study on the different susceptibility of mpk cells (minipig kidney cell line) and pk15 cells (pig kidney cell line) to the hog cholera virus (hcv) was conducted. higher hcv titres (3 log10) were reached on mpk cells compared with pk15 cells. | 1988 | 3173126 |
| [immunomorphological studies of swine vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine against swine fever]. | 1988 | 3178400 | |
| genetic diversity of african swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks (ornithodoros moubata) inhabiting warthog burrows in zambia. | the genomes of african swine fever virus isolates collected from soft ticks (ornithodoros moubata) inhabiting warthog burrows in four areas of zambia were compared by restriction enzyme site mapping. isolates from different areas showed considerable diversity. the regions of genomes that differed between isolates were distributed throughout the virus genome, although some more conserved regions were identified, such as the right-hand third of the genome. the genomes of seven isolates from neighb ... | 1988 | 3199101 |
| association of african swine fever virus with the cytoskeleton. | the association of african swine fever virus (asfv) with the cytoskeleton was investigated. immunofluorescent studies of asfv infected cells with anti-asfv serum showed a temporal and spatial development of viral inclusions which moved from a peripheral to a perinuclear location and fused to give a single large perinuclear factory. the migration and fusion of viral inclusions was inhibited by colchicine suggesting a function for microtubules in assembly site organization not previously described ... | 1988 | 3201825 |
| a protein of molar mass 12 kda incorporates into the membrane of asf virus-infected cells. | an african swine fever virus-induced protein of molar mass 12 kda (p12) was studied in virus-infected vero cells using the monoclonal antibody 18b.b11. protein p12 is incorporated into the membrane of infected cells about 7 h post-infection and is not present in purified african swine fever virus particles. the synthesis of protein p12 is sensitive to cytosine arabinoside. | 1988 | 3201826 |
| the distribution of african swine fever virus isolated from ornithodoros moubata in zambia. | african swine fever (asf) has been reported in the eastern province of zambia since 1912 and is now considered to be enzootic there. a survey of the distribution of asf virus in zambia was carried out by virus isolation from ornithodoros moubata ticks collected from animal burrows in national parks and game management areas in northern, eastern, central and southern zambia. asf virus was isolated from ticks in all areas examined. the prevalence of infection in o. moubata was between 0.4% in sout ... | 1988 | 3215286 |
| hog cholera virus: identification and characterization of the viral rna and the virus-specific rna synthesized in infected swine kidney cells. | virus-specific rna in swine kidney cells infected with hog cholera virus and the rna of gradient-purified virions were identified and characterized. the time curve for virus replication in sk-6 cells was established. the logarithmic phase of virus growth was between 4 and 12 h after virus adsorption. virus production was maximum at 20 h after virus adsorption. analysis of cytoplasmic rna in a neutral agarose gel showed that the time curve for synthesis of a high molecular weight rna in infected ... | 1988 | 3223061 |
| mapping and sequence of the gene encoding protein p37, a major structural protein of african swine fever virus. | the gene encoding protein p37, one of the major structural proteins of african swine fever (asf) virus has been mapped and sequenced. protein p37 was obtained from purified virions and the first 27 amino acids from its nh2-terminal end were identified by automatic edman degradation. to map the gene encoding protein p37, a mixture of 20-mer deoxyoligonucleotides based upon a part of this amino acid sequence was hybridized to cloned asf virus restriction fragments. this allowed localization of the ... | 1988 | 3245132 |
| correlation between b-cell mitogenicity and immunosuppressor effects of a protein released by porcine monocytes infected with african swine fever virus. | virus-free supernatants of cultured swine monocytes infected by african swine fever virus (asfv) suppressed in vitro proliferation of porcine and human blood mononuclear cells in response to phytohemagglutinin and the in vivo primary immune response of c57bl/6 mice against sheep rbc. the supernatants were fractionated by discontinuous ion-exchange chromatography and subfractionated by double-step preparative isoelectric focusing. the pool of the most purified active subfractions (f5'ep-asfv) is ... | 1988 | 3266831 |
| the protective value of vaccine-induced neutralising antibody titres in swine fever. | the relationship between vaccine-induced antibody titres against swine fever virus (sfv), as measured by the neutralisation peroxidase-linked assay (npla), and protection against virus multiplication, excretion and transmission, disease and death was studied in 46 pigs. the pigs were housed individually and challenged intranasally with 100 pig id50 of the virulent brescia strain of sfv. in order to detect virus transmission, a swine fever (sf)-susceptible sentinel pig was placed in contact with ... | 1988 | 3287757 |