Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| variation in neuropathogenicity in sheep fetuses transplacentally infected with non-cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic biotypes of bovine-virus diarrhoea virus. | pregnant merino ewes were inoculated intravenously between days 63 and 65 of gestation with a non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine-virus diarrhoea-virus (bvdv) isolate (experiment a). the histomorphological findings and the distribution of viral antigen, as revealed by immunohistochemistry in brains of fetuses from experiment a, were compared with those seen in fetal brains from a previous study (experiment b), in which pregnant ewes had been intravenously infected between days 65 and 68 of gestation ... | 1995 | 8592912 |
| [epidemiological characterization of a pestivirus isolate from a viremic pig out of a mixed pig-cattle herd]. | a pestivirus isolated from a healthy pig out of a mixed pig-cattle holding was identified by use of monoclonal antibodies as a porcine virus related or identical to bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus. about 7% of the pigs of this herd showed neutralizing antibodies (nab) against bvd and border disease (bd) virus and against the homologous porcine nonclassical swine fever (csf) pestivirus isolate 10421/han94. the nab titres against this virus were clearly higher than against csf virus strain alfo ... | 1995 | 8593767 |
| differentiation of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains using monoclonal antibodies against structural glycoproteins. | two panels of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the classical swine fever virus (csfv) envelope glycoproteins e2 (12 mabs) and e0 (11 mabs) were established and tested by immunoperoxidase binding assay against 135 pestivirus strains and isolates. variability of the binding pattern was demonstrated for csfv and also for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains and isolates. the panels of mabs against e2 and e0 led to very different reactivity patterns. particular mabs against e2 reacted with ... | 1995 | 8604543 |
| ruminant pestivirus infections--advances in research bring prospects for their control? | 1995 | 8605574 | |
| ruminant pestiviruses. | the ruminant pestiviruses, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) are highly successful and important pathogens which infect ruminant species worldwide. although the serological relationships among ruminant pestiviruses require further clarification, there is growing evidence for two antigenic groups, one of which predominates in cattle and one in sheep. the success of pestiviruses stems from the ability of the non-cytopathic (ncp) biotype of the virus to cross the pl ... | 1995 | 8605577 |
| [biology of bovine pestivirus infection responsible for mucosal disease]. | the virus bvd/md belongs to the genus pestivirus from the family flaviviridae, as well as viruses responsible for hog cholera and border disease. bvd/md virus is responsible for two distinct disease entities in cattle: bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), which is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality, and mucosal disease (md) which is sporadic but highly fatal. bfv/md virus exists under two biotypes among which antigenic pairs: a non cytopathic and a cytopathic biotypes. these biological c ... | 1995 | 8696269 |
| hepatitis c virus as a lymphotropic agent: evidence and pathogenetic implications. | hepatitis c virus has been proven to be the major cause of nanb hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. based on the genome similarities between hcv and flavivirus or pestivirus, this agent has been included within the family flaviviridae as a separate genus. among the analogies between hcv and the other members of the same family there is the possibility of infecting blood cells. in particular, significant evidence obtained through studies performed in vivo and in vitro sup ... | 1995 | 8730474 |
| six antigenic groups within the genus pestivirus as identified by cross neutralization assays. | antigenic differences between pestivirus isolates of ruminant and porcine origin were characterized by neutralization assays. first, six different clusters of pestiviruses were identified by clustering cross-neutralization results of 13 pestivirus strains tested against 23 sera. cluster i consisted of four strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) of bovine origin and two bvdv isolates of porcine origin. cluster ii consisted of one sheep isolate and two porcine bdv isolates. cluster iii con ... | 1995 | 8748547 |
| demonstration and genotyping of pestivirus rna from mammalian cell lines. | we examined 20 cell lines of various animal origins for the presence of pestivirus contamination by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and found 15 (75%) cell lines were positive. the rt-pcr products of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus genome were sequenced and subjected to genotyping. stem-loop structures at three variable regions in the 5' utr render genotyping of the contaminated pestiviruses. bovine cell lines tested were all contaminated with genotyp ... | 1995 | 8789057 |
| sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region of pestivirus rna demonstrated in interferons for human use. | we examined 46 samples of human interferons for the presence of pestivirus rna by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and found 30.4% were contaminated with pestivirus rna. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the pestivirus rna detected from the interferons indicated that the contaminants are derived from bovine viral diarrhea virus, and that there are at least three genotypes, i, ii and iii, among them. the incidence of genotypes ... | 1995 | 8825854 |
| comparative studies of border disease and closely related virus infections in experimental pigs and sheep. | a pestivirus originally isolated from weaner pigs was shown to be capable of infecting weaners experimentally, but without inducing significant signs of disease. when inoculated into pregnant sows and ewes in early gestation, both the porcine virus and an antigenically similar ovine border disease isolate could induce congenital infections in both species. | 1995 | 8920113 |
| characterization of rna synthesis during a one-step growth curve and of the replication mechanism of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | the noncytopathic australian bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) trangie isolate was used to establish a one-step growth curve and to investigate previously uncharacterized aspects of pestivirus replication. the eclipse phase was found to be approximately 8 to 10 h and the first appearance of viral antigen assayed by immunofluorescence occurred around 6 h post-infection (p.i.). both positive- and negative-sense virus rnas were first detected at 4 h p.i. by northern blot hybridization using stran ... | 1996 | 8922466 |
| expression and characterization of part of hog cholera virus non-structural proteins. | in a preceding paper, the molecular cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of the alfort strain of hog cholera virus (hcv) was described. to study the genetic organization of the 3'-end of the hcv genome, which encodes some of the non-structural proteins, a cdna fragment (s2.20) of 849 nucleotides was subcloned into the bacterial expression vector pgex-3x and expressed in escherichia coli as a s2.20-glutathione-s-transferase fusion protein (s2.20-gst). this protein was used to produce hcv-speci ... | 1996 | 8928577 |
| evaluation of nucleic acid amplification methods for the detection of hog cholera virus. | a blind panel was tested in a diagnostic evaluation of a reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detecting hog cholera virus (hcv) from pig tissues. the capability of the rt-pcr test to discriminate between hcv and related pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and those viruses causing similar diseases in swine, including african swine fever virus (asfv) and pseudorabies virus (prv), was also considered. nucleic acid extraction involved either kit-based ... | 1996 | 8953524 |
| evaluation of a gp 55 (e2) recombinant-based elisa for the detection of antibodies induced by classical swine fever virus. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv) based on the competition of the serum antibodies with a csfv-specific monoclonal antibody directed against the viral glycoprotein gp 55 (e2), has been evaluated. a total of 553 sera obtained from pigs experimentally infected in groups with different pestiviruses were included in this study. the elisa was applied to a group of sera collected from pigs prior to pestivirus inocula ... | 1996 | 8968126 |
| detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus in swine sera by indirect elisa using recombinant envelope glycoprotein e2. | recombinant envelope protein e2 (gp55) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 was evaluated as an alternative to whole virus as elisa antigen for the detection of antibodies against csfv. a glycosylated and a non-glycosylated form of e2 was expressed in the baculovirus system. six histidine residues added at the carboxy terminus of each of the recombinant proteins allowed purification by nickel-chelate affinity chromatography. comparison of the antigenic properties of the two pr ... | 1996 | 8828121 |
| a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus, hepatitis c virus, and pestivirus. | cap-independent translations of viral rnas of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, cardioviruses and aphthoviruses, hepatitis a and c viruses (hav and hcv), and pestivirus are initiated by the direct binding of 40s ribosomal subunits to a cis-acting genetic element termed the internal ribosome entry site (ires) or ribosome landing pad (rlp) in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). rna higher ordered structure models for these ires elements were derived by a combined approach using thermodynamic rna foldin ... | 1996 | 8879130 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pestivirus based on the 5'-untranslated region. | a phylogenetic tree of pestiviruses constructed by analyzing their 5'-untranslated region (utr) indicated that the genetic relatedness between border disease virus and hog cholera virus is much closer than that between genotypes of various bovine diarrhoea viruses. this suggests that these viruses are host variants within a single species, which can be distinguished by comparison of secondary structures at three variable loci in the 5'-utr. | 1996 | 8886099 |
| epidemiologic association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus, rinderpest disease virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in a buffalo herd. | the association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and rinderpest disease virus (rpdv) in buffaloes was investigated in a cross-sectional study. thirty-six lactating buffaloes from a herd in landhi cattle colony, karachi were bled and serum samples subjected to a micro-neutralisation test at the plum island animal disease center, usa, to categorise each buffalo either as positive or negative against each of 3 viral ... | 1996 | 8888525 |
| cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus correlates with a 27-nucleotide insertion. | cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains are generated in cattle persistently infected with noncytopathogenic (noncp) bvdv.cp bvdv strains are considered crucial for the development of fatal mucosal disease. comparative analysis of cp and noncp bvdv strains isolated from one animal suffering from mucosal disease revealed that the genomes of the cp bvdv strain (cp7) and the corresponding noncp bvdv strain (ncp7) are highly homologous. however, only the genome of cp7 contains ... | 1996 | 8892907 |
| molecular characterization of pestiviruses. | 1996 | 8895831 | |
| genetic identification of pestivirus strain frijters as a border disease virus from pigs. | a pig pestivirus isolate, the frijters strain, was characterized by using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr), followed by rflp and direct sequencing of the amplicons. restriction endonuclease enzyme avai and bg/i digestion of 5' nc genomic region pcr products suggested that frijters strain belongs to the border disease viruses (bdv). this finding was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplified part of the 5-nc genomic region, which revealed 94% and 95% nucleotide similarity between the f ... | 1996 | 8795011 |
| fine mapping of a c-terminal linear epitope highly conserved among the major envelope glycoprotein e2 (gp51 to gp54) of different pestiviruses. | envelope glycoprotein e2 (gp51 to gp54) is the major neutralizing antigen of pestiviruses, which include classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bvd). previous studies carried out using a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against csfv strain brescia have revealed the existence of four antigenic domains, a to d, of the e2 protein, all of which are located at the n-terminal half of the molecule. here we report the detailed mapping, usi ... | 1996 | 8806512 |
| antigenically different pestivirus strains induce congenital infection in sheep: a model for bovine virus diarrhea virus vaccine efficacy studies. | to study the efficacy and safety of bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccines there is need for a valid challenge model. we investigated whether sheep can be used in such a challenge model. we intranasally inoculated six groups (a-f) of seronegative sheep at day 49 of gestation with either of five antigenically different bvdv strains and one border disease virus strain. a seventh group (g) was housed for 10 days with a persistently infected calf and an eighth group (h) served as control. from ... | 1996 | 8810006 |
| processing in the pestivirus e2-ns2 region: identification of proteins p7 and e2p7. | the pestivirus genome encodes a single polyprotein which is subject to co- and posttranslational processing by cellular and viral proteases. the map positions of all virus-encoded proteins are known with the exception of a hypothetical peptide (p?) which interlinks the glycoprotein e2 and the nonstructural protein ns2-3 approximately between amino acid positions 1060 and 1130. expression studies with recombinant vaccinia viruses bearing a set of c-terminally truncated e2-p?-ns2-encoding sequence ... | 1996 | 8648755 |
| monitoring vaccines, diagnostic reagents and biotherapeutics for contaminating viruses. | 1996 | 8680836 | |
| swine and ruminant pestiviruses require the same cellular factor to enter bovine cells. | pestiviruses initiate infection of susceptible cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. cellular plasma membrane or endosomal molecules involved in translocation of these viruses into the cytosol have not been unequivocally identified. we reported previously that a mutant cell line derived from madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells, termed crib-1, was resistant to infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. crib-1 cells were also resistant to infection with classical swine fever virus and borde ... | 1996 | 8683219 |
| [hepatitis viruses: from the old ones to the new ones. will the alphabet be enough to list them all?]. | viral infection is by far the most frequent cause of hepatitis. search for the causal virus is however difficult since they cannot be cultured on most cell lines in vitro and because regulatory factors required for viral expression are found only in the human hepatocytes which cannot be maintained in vitro sufficiently long for experiments. to date, viruses a, b, c and e have been well documented. virus d, a defective virus which only develops in association with virus b has also been identified ... | 1996 | 8685178 |
| infectious rna transcribed from an engineered full-length cdna template of the genome of a pestivirus. | infectious rna was transcribed for the first time from a full-length cdna template of the plus-strand rna genome of a pestivirus. the genome of the c strain, which is a vaccine strain of classical swine fever virus, was sequenced and used to synthesize the template. the cdna sequence of the c strain was found to be 12,311 nucleotides in length and contained one large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,898 amino acids. although there were mostly only small differences between the sequ ... | 1996 | 8551613 |
| evolutionary relationship of hepatitis c, pesti-, flavi-, plantviruses, and newly discovered gb hepatitis agents. | two flavivirus-like viruses, gb virus-a (gbv-a) and gb virus-b (gbv-b), were recently identified in the gb hepatitis agent, and are distinct from the hepatitis a to e viruses. the putative helicase domain of gbv-a and gbv-b was found to have amino acid sequence homology with hepatitis c virus (hcv), and distantly, is also related to pestiviruses, flaviviruses, and plant viruses. a phylogenetic tree construction showed that gbvs and hcv are closely related, and they are clustered with pestiviruse ... | 1996 | 8557107 |
| application of pcr for detection of mycoplasma dna and pestivirus rna in human live viral vaccines. | pcr techniques were applied for the detection of mycoplasma dna and pestivirus rna to 43 lots of live viral vaccines (measles, mumps, rubella, and oral poliomyelitis) produced by six manufacturers in japan. although mycoplasma dna was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, pestivirus rna was detected in 12 lots (28%). the incidence of contamination among the four viral vaccines was in the range of 20 to 37%, and the incidence among the six manufacturers varied from 0 to 56%. | 1996 | 9088554 |
| medical microbiology | at least 27 alphaviruses and 68 flaviviruses have been recognized, approximately one-third of which are medically important human pathogens. they vary widely in their basic ecology; each virus occupies a distinct ecologic niche, often with restricted geographic and biologic distribution. as shown in tables 54-1 and 54-2, alphaviruses and flaviviruses can cause various syndromes, ranging from benign febrile illnesses to severe system ... | 1996 | 21413253 |
| the effect of bovine pestivirus infection on the superovulatory response of friesian heifers. | the pathogenesis of reproductive loss associated with bovine pestivirus infection during the preovulatory period was investigated using superovulated heifers. twenty-five friesian heifers were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 12) which did not become infected or to a treatment group (n = 13) which became infected following intranasal instillation of 2 ml of serum inoculum containing 5.5 log(10) tcid(50)/ml non-cytopathic virus, 9 d prior to artificial insemination (a ... | 1997 | 16728188 |
| genetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from a small geographic area. | twenty-eight field csfv samples were isolated from outbreaks of csf which have occurred in three small geographic areas in slovakia in the period of december 1993-november 1994. all the organ homogenates were positive by virus isolation and rt-pcr assay using general pestivirus 324/326 primers selected from 5'-noncoding (5'-nc) genomic region. specific discrimination of csfv was confirmed by the cleavage of amplicons using bgl1 and ava 1. four viral isolates (a, b, c, e) were selected for a comp ... | 1997 | 9091287 |
| [pestiviruses]. | 1997 | 9103047 | |
| molecular characterization of ovine pestiviruses. | forty-two ovine pestivirus isolates, collected over a period of 18 years, were compared by phylogenetic analysis. the viruses were mostly field isolates from britain; two others originated from sweden and two from new zealand. rt-pcr products were obtained from two genomic regions, one within the 5'-noncoding (5'-nc) region, and the other encompassing parts of the p20 (npro) and c coding regions. direct sequencing of the 5'-nc pcr products, followed by computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis, di ... | 1997 | 9129644 |
| influence of breed-related factors on the course of classical swine fever virus infection. | 1997 | 9172299 | |
| induction of apoptosis and cleavage of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase by cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) causes the fatal diarrheal syndrome, mucosal disease, because of mutations in the viral genome which convert the common noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv into a cytopathic (cp) biotype. we examined the nature of the cytopathic effect of cp-bvdv in cultured bovine cells in order to accurately describe the process and to gain insight into the mechanism of cp-bvdv-induced cell death. the findings demonstrate that cells infected with cp-bvdv in vitro die by a ... | 1997 | 9178501 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 serine proteinase: polyprotein cleavage sites, cofactor requirements, and molecular model of an enzyme essential for pestivirus replication. | members of the flaviviridae encode a serine proteinase termed ns3 that is responsible for processing at several sites in the viral polyproteins. in this report, we show that the ns3 proteinase of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) (nadl strain) is required for processing at nonstructural (ns) protein sites 3/4a, 4a/4b, 4b/5a, and 5a/5b but not for cleavage at the junction between ns2 and ns3. cleavage sites of the proteinase were determined by amino-terminal sequence analysis of t ... | 1997 | 9188600 |
| establishment of serial persistent infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle and sheep and changes in epitope expression related to host species. | a pestivirus was transmitted by contact from a persistently infected (p.i.) bullock to pregnant sheep. this resulted in the birth of p.i. lambs, one of which in turn was able to transmit virus by contact to pregnant cattle. two of these animals gave birth to p.i. calves, from one of which the virus was again transmitted by contact with pregnant sheep, leading to another generation of p.i. lambs. the expression of one or more epitopes on the e2 glycoprotein of the viruses isolated from this serie ... | 1997 | 9191858 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses from domestic and wild ruminants. | infections with pestiviruses occur in cattle, sheep, pigs and also in numerous other ungulate species. in the present study, pestiviruses from goat, buffalo, deer and giraffe were analysed at the molecular level; unusual strains from cattle and pigs were also included. a phylogenetic analysis of the respective pestiviruses was undertaken on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region as well as the gene encoding autoprotease npro. statistical analyses of the respective phylogenetic tree ... | 1997 | 9191930 |
| variation from cytopathogenic biotype to non-cytopathogenic biotype is correlated with the deletion of cellular sequence from bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | non-cytopathogenic (ncp) viruses of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were detected at a low ratio by the reverse plaque formation method from virus samples after several plaque clonings of cytopathogenic (cp) bvd viruses; nadl and osloss strains. this phenomenon suggests that the ncp bvd viruses are produced at a low ratio during the propagation of cp bvd viruses in vitro. to investigate the differences between the parent cp bvd virus and the ncp bvd virus as a real progeny, the regions flankin ... | 1997 | 9192357 |
| expression of envelope protein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus in insect cells. | the gene encoding the envelope glycoprotein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was expressed in a baculovirus. the expressed protein was detected on the surface of infected cells by immunofluorescence. western blotting analysis showed the presence of the expressed protein of a similar molecular size to the e2 protein. the antigenicity of expressed protein were tested in guinea pigs and cattle. the immunized animals developed neutralizing antibodies against bvdv. | 1997 | 9192369 |
| genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated in southern africa. | seventy three field isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), obtained from cattle in mozambique and south africa, were characterised by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of part of the 5' non-coding region (5'ncr) of the viral genome. the target region was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the amplicons were cloned in puc 19 plasmid and both strands were sequenced by t7 polymerase dideoxynucleotide chain-termination sequencing or directly by cy ... | 1997 | 9495536 |
| [bovine diarrhea virus: an update]. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pathogen of cattle, member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, which also includes classical swine fever virus (csfv, or hog cholera virus), and border disease virus of sheep (bdv). it causes important economical losses associated mainly with reproductive failure. pestiviruses are small enveloped viruses, with a diameter of about 40 nm. the nucleocapsid is probably icosahedral . the genome consists of a single stranded positive rna, encoding appr ... | 1997 | 9229725 |
| distribution of cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus antigens in tissues of calves following acute experimental infection. | the distribution of cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in the tissues of colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves was investigated. colostrum-fed (group a) and colostrum-deprived (group b) calves were experimentally infected with the bvdv isolate 80/1, which contains both bvdv biotypes. colostrum-deprived calves were also experimentally infected with a noncytopathic bvdv (group c) or with a cytopathic bvdv (group d) cloned from the 80/1 isolate. all ca ... | 1997 | 9249168 |
| glycoprotein erns of pestiviruses induces apoptosis in lymphocytes of several species. | classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus are members of the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the family of the flaviviridae. recently, envelope glycoprotein erns was identified as an rnase. rnases can express different biological actions. they have been shown to be neurotoxic, antihelminthic, and immunosuppressive. we studied the immunosuppressive properties of erns in vitro. the glycoprotein totally inhibited concanavalin a-induced proliferation of porcine, bovine, ovine, a ... | 1997 | 9261392 |
| molecular epidemiology of animal virus diseases. | in this review the application of methods of molecular epidemiology, particularly the combined approach of amplifying defined fragments of viral genomes using the polymerase chain reaction and subsequent nucleotide sequencing analysis, is described. emphasis is put on examples of a few important diseases (e.g. those caused by morbilliviruses, rhabdoviruses, pestiviruses and aphthoviruses) to demonstrate the impact of this methodology. molecular epidemiology is already an important and very sensi ... | 1997 | 9270348 |
| comparison of the complete genomic sequence of the border disease virus, bd31, to other pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus is composed of hog cholera virus (hcv) [also known as classical swine fever virus (csfv)], bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv). complete sequences have been published for hcv (or csfv) and the two genotypes of bvdv (bvdv1 and bvdv2). in this study the complete sequence of the border disease virus (bdv), bd31, was determined. bd31 was isolated from a lamb with hairy shaker syndrome and is the bdv type virus offered by atcc (atcc vr-996). the gen ... | 1997 | 9282788 |
| [serological investigations in the diagnosis of viral infections derived from cattle in sheep]. | in the coast region of the north-west of germany 269 arbitrary chosen blood samples of 22 flocks of sheep were tested for the existence of bhv-1, bvd and pi-3 antibodies. the livestock of 13 farms with 163 sheep consistent of sheep and bovine, 9 herds with 106 sheep kept sheep only. the results show that bhv-1 antibodies were not present in the sampled sheep. contrary to this are the results for bvd and pi-3. the blood tests for bvd antibodies were positive in 6.7% of the samples. this result in ... | 1997 | 9324461 |
| detection of calves persistently infected with bovine pestivirus in a sample of dairy calves in south-eastern queensland. | to determine the proportion and incidence of calves persistently infected with bovine pestivirus in calves (n = 1521) supplied to the tick fever research centre and to assess the test regime to detect calves persistently infected with bovine pestivirus. | 1997 | 9325544 |
| [quality management in the serodiagnosis of european swine fever: results of comparative tests]. | in the course of inter-laboratory quality management comparative serological tests on classical swine fever (csf) are conducted once per year. results from tests carried out in 1994 and 1995 indicate that most regional diagnostic laboratories were able to classify the test sera correctly as csf-positive, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd)-positive and negative, respectively. difficulties were encountered in the differential diagnosis of csf and bvd in neutralisation tests. there is a need to improve th ... | 1997 | 9340262 |
| [comparison of different bvd virus strains for their use in the differential diagnosis of classical swine fever--an attempt to standardize neutralization tests]. | six bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) virus strains were tested in the neutralization test for their use in the differential diagnosis in classical swine fever (csf) serology. the aim of the investigation was to find a suitable bvd virus strain guaranteeing a safe differentiation of csf- and bvd virus induced antibodies using permanent cell cultures (pk-15, mdbk). for test purposes the neutralizing antibody titres of 73 defined test sera were titrated against the csf virus strain alfort/187 as well a ... | 1997 | 9340263 |
| characterization of a putative receptor protein for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | in a previous communication, we reported a 50-kda cell surface protein from madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells as a putative receptor for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the present study delineates further characterization of the receptor protein. protease treatment of cultured mdbk cells adversely affected the receptor, thus abolishing the binding of anti-d89 (bvdv anti-idiotypes) to the cells. however, pretreatment of the cells with either phospholipases or glycosidases did not signif ... | 1997 | 9355246 |
| application of recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins in the diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea infection in cattle. | the national animal disease laboratory (nadl) vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genes for gp48 and p80 were expressed in escherichia coli. the bvdv-nadl gene for gp62 was integrated into a baculovirus genome for expression in spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) insect ovarian cells. the antigenicity of baculovirus expressed bvdv protein was detected by anti-bvdv specific antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and radio-immun ... | 1997 | 9355247 |
| subdivision of the pestivirus genus based on envelope glycoprotein e2. | conventionally, the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae has been divided into bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and border disease virus (bdv). to date, bdv and bvdv have been isolated from different species, whereas csfv seems to be restricted to swine. pestiviruses are structurally and antigenically closely related. envelope glycoprotein e2 is the most immunogenic and most variable protein of pestiviruses. we cloned e2 genes of many different pesti ... | 1997 | 9356345 |
| inhibition of pestivirus infection in cell culture by envelope proteins e(rns) and e2 of classical swine fever virus: e(rns) and e2 interact with different receptors. | pure preparations of envelope glycoproteins e(rns) and e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) synthesized in insect cells were used to study infection of porcine and bovine cells with the pestiviruses csfv and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). almost 100% inhibition of infection of porcine kidney cells with csfv was produced by 100 microg/ml e(rns). after removal of the virus no e(rns) was needed in the overlay medium (growth medium) to maintain this level of inhibition. in contrast, 100% i ... | 1997 | 9367363 |
| bovine respiratory tract disease caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | although several viruses and bacteria are capable of inducing bovine respiratory tract disease, a pivotal organism in the cause of this complex disease may be bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). circumstantial evidence has long supported this hypothesis. it is frequently present in diseased respiratory tract tissues often together with other viruses or bacteria. field observations suggest marked synergism occurs. researchers have confirmed that, in most instances, the virus itself elicits only a ... | 1997 | 9368990 |
| syndrome in sheep resembling mucosal disease in cattle. | 1997 | 9369005 | |
| a method to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus contamination in cell cultures using immunoperoxidase staining. | 1997 | 9376437 | |
| immunohistochemical diagnosis of pestivirus infection associated with bovine and ovine abortion and perinatal death. | to establish a reliable, rapid, economical method for detection of pestivirus infection in bovine and ovine fetuses and to examine participation of these viruses in abortions and neonatal mortality. | 1997 | 9401683 |
| genotypic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region of a pestivirus strain isolated from human leucocytes. | the 5'-untranslated genomic region of the pestivirus strain europa, originated in human leucocytes and previously identified as bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv), was amplified by reverse transcription-pcr and sequenced. analyses based on primary nucleotide sequence homology and on secondary palindromic sequence structures characteristic to genotypes revealed that this human isolate should be assigned to a novel genotype of pestivirus, type ic. this newly emerged genotype was related to, but distingu ... | 1997 | 9403511 |
| detection of virus or virus specific nucleic acid in foodstuff or bioproducts--hazards and risk assessment. | there are two possibilities for virus contamination of foodstuff and bioproducts of animal origin: i) the presence of endogenous virus as a result of an acute or subclinical infection of animal raw material used for food processing or ii) contamination of food in the course of processing or thereafter. the latter must be considered as the highest risk for human consumers since the viral contamination mostly is caused by virus shedding people and the transmitted viruses are obligate human pathoge ... | 1997 | 9413526 |
| [immunohistochemical studies on organ tropism of different biotypes of bvd virus in experimentally infected sheep fetuses]. | paraffin sections from various organs of sheep fetuses following transplacental infection with non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) or cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv were stained immunohistochemically with bvdv-specific monoclonal antibodies. comparison of the distribution of viral antigen in sections from fetuses of experiment a revealed that in organs such as parotid, thyroid, thymus, lung, spleen, kidney, liver and skin from 20 days post inoculation (p.i.) onwards numerous a ... | 1997 | 9445784 |
| detection and identification of ruminant and porcine pestiviruses by nested amplification of 5' untranslated cdna regions. | based on published gene sequences of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type i and classical swine fever virus (csfv), genus- and species-specific primers were designed to detect and identify pestivirus cdna sequences in a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr primers were validated using cdna synthesized from 146 pestivirus isolates, comprising representatives of all four so far described genotypes (bvdv type i, bvdv type ii, csfv and border disease virus), as well as others of uncer ... | 1997 | 9029529 |
| genetic characterization of ruminant pestiviruses: sequence analysis of viral genotypes isolated from sheep. | historically, the genus pestivirus was believed to contain three species of viruses; bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). however, based on limited sequence analysis of a small number of pestiviral isolates from domestic livestock, evidence has recently emerged indicating that at least four distinct genotypes exist. in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the degree of viral variation among ruminant pestiviruses, the entir ... | 1997 | 9037733 |
| insemination of cattle with semen from a bull transiently infected with pestivirus. | when 73 heifers (60 of which were seronegative to pestivirus) were inseminated with pestivirus-contaminated semen from a transiently infected bull, the conception rate to a single insemination was found to be normal (65 per cent). only three animals became systemically infected, as determined by viraemia and seroconversion. pestivirus was isolated from the reproductive tracts of two of these heifers when they were slaughtered 42 or 43 days after insemination. although the initial incidence of in ... | 1997 | 9042696 |
| generation of cytopathogenic subgenomic rna of classical swine fever virus in persistently infected porcine cell lines. | two biological clones (a.1 and b.2) of the classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 and the recombinant virus va187-1, derived from a cdna clone of alfort/187, were used to establish persistently infected cultures of the swine kidney cell lines sk-6 and pk-41. it was found that 100% of the cells in the passaged cultures were positive for viral antigen throughout the course of the experiment. additionally, supernatants collected upon passaging of the cells continuously contained high titers ... | 1997 | 9498611 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus nonstructural polypeptide ns4b/p38. | the bovine pestivirus polyprotein is processed into at least 11 mature polypeptides. previous studies with polyprotein region-specific antiserum raised against beta-galactosidase fusion proteins or synthetic peptides allowed the assignment of viral non-structural proteins to specific segments of the bvdv genome. however, the gene product from the ns4b/p38 region of the viral genome remained to be demonstrated directly. bvdv cdna fragments predicted to encode part of ns4b/p38 (from codon 2521 to ... | 1997 | 9498617 |
| characterization of an autonomous subgenomic pestivirus rna replicon. | as an initial approach to define the requirements for the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a member of the flaviviridae family with a positive-strand rna genome, full-length genomic and subgenomic rnas were originated by in vitro transcription of diverse bvdv cdna constructs and transfected into eucaryotic host cells. rna replication was measured either directly by an rnase protection method or by monitoring the synthesis of viral protein. when full-length bvdv crna was initial ... | 1998 | 9499097 |
| n-terminal protease of pestiviruses: identification of putative catalytic residues by site-directed mutagenesis. | pestiviruses are the only members of the flaviviridae that encode a nonstructural protease at the n terminus of their polyproteins. this n-terminal protease (npro) cleaves itself off of the nascent polyprotein autocatalytically and thereby generates the n terminus of the adjacent viral capsid protein c. in previous reports, sequence similarities between npro and the catalytic residues of papain-like cysteine proteases were put forward. to test this hypothesis, substitutions of cysteine and histi ... | 1998 | 9499122 |
| [cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses induce apoptosis in bovine cell cultures]. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus is the causative agent of mucosal disease (md) of cattle. from persistently infected animals, only the non-cytopathogenic biotype bvd virus can be isolated. cattle succumbing to md additionally harbour cytopathogenic bvd virus. while cp bvd virus isolates induce a cytopathic effect (cpe) in susceptible monolayer cell cultures, infection with ncp bvd virus isolates has no visible effect. the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation ... | 1998 | 9499630 |
| changes in levels of viremia in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | virus isolation and serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined over a period of time from samples collected from animals persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). to evaluate over time the ability to detect bvdv by virus isolation from serum or white blood cell preparations, 4 persistently infected calves were monitored from birth until 70 days of age. in 3 of 4 persistently infected calves, virus isolation from serum and white blood cells was negative until approxim ... | 1998 | 9526856 |
| severe acute bovine viral diarrhea in ontario, 1993-1995. | in 1993, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains with enhanced virulence caused unprecedented outbreaks of severe acute bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) in dairy, beef, and veal herds in ontario (canada). fever, pneumonia, diarrhea, and sudden death occurred in all age groups of cattle. abortions often occurred in pregnant animals. gross lesions in the alimentary tract were similar to those associated with mucosal disease, especially in animals >6 months of age. cattle of all age gro ... | 1998 | 9526857 |
| establishment and characterization of a porcine kidney cell line, fs-l3, which forms unique multicellular domes in serum-free culture. | a stable porcine kidney epithelial cell line, fs-l3, was established and maintained in eagle's minimum essential medium containing 0.295% tryptose phosphate broth, 0.5% bacto peptone, and 10 mm n, n-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid without any serum. the mode of chromosomes is 37 to 38. the fs-l3 cells formed fluid-filled, multicellular, three-dimensional domes on a single monolayer. the number of domes increased markedly after further cultivation. the origin of this cell line was ... | 1998 | 9542636 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based immunoperoxidase monolayer (micro-isolation) assay for detection of type 1 and type 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was developed and compared with an existing bovine polyclonal antibody (pab)-based ipma. a pool of 5 mabs, 4 mabs produced to a type 1 bvdv and 1 mab produced to a type 2 bvdv, was utilized in the mab-ipma. the mabs were chosen for inclusion in the pool because of their broad cross-reactivities with type 1 and/or type 2 bvdv, their apparent avidities for antigen, their re ... | 1998 | 9553717 |
| expression of a 50 kda putative receptor for bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine fetal tissues. | the expression of a 50 kda bovine viral diarrhea virus putative receptor in different bovine fetal tissues from 3-month old fetuses was studied. the receptor expression was examined by immunocytochemical staining and by immunoblotting using antiidiotypic probe (anti-d89). intense specific staining in enterocytes of the small and large intestines, cortical tubular epithelial cells of kidneys, respiratory epithelial cells of the trachea and esophageal mucosal epithelial cells was observed, demonst ... | 1998 | 9553718 |
| insertion of a sequence encoding light chain 3 of microtubule-associated proteins 1a and 1b in a pestivirus genome: connection with virus cytopathogenicity and induction of lethal disease in cattle. | pestiviruses represent the first rna viruses for which recombination with cellular protein-coding sequences has been reported. as a result of such recombinations cytopathogenic (cp) pestiviruses can develop from noncytopathogenic (noncp) viruses. in the case of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the generation of cp mutants is linked to the induction of the lethal syndrome mucosal disease (md) in cattle. the cp bvdv jacp was isolated from an animal which had come down with md. the genome of jac ... | 1998 | 9557703 |
| a novel method for pestivirus genotyping based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. | a simple and practical method was developed for pestivirus genotyping based on analysis of the secondary structures in the 5'-untranslated region (utr). three stable stem-loop structures, v1, v2 and v3, predicted by computer in the 5'-utr, included strictly conserved consensus base-pairings which are shared by all the genotypes of pestivirus or are characteristic to each genotype of pestivirus. on the basis of the palindromic nucleotide substitution at the secondary structural level, six genotyp ... | 1998 | 9562417 |
| complete genomic sequence of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises three established species, namely, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and border disease virus from sheep (bdv). in this study, we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of bdv, that of strain x818. the genome is 12,333 nucleotides long and contains one long open reading frame encoding 3, 895 amino acids. the 5' noncoding region (ncr) of bdv x818 consists of 372 nucleotides and is thus similar i ... | 1998 | 9573288 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the ovaries of cattle acutely infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is recognized worldwide as a major cause of economic loss in cattle. infection with bvdv can result in several clinical outcomes. however, the reproductive consequences may be the most important. infertility, early embryonic death, abortion, and congenital anomalies have all been reported following acute infection with bvdv. the cause of infertility following acute bvdv infection is not known. bvdv has been isolated from the bovine ovary and has been associated ... | 1998 | 9576337 |
| detection of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in the ovaries of cattle following immunization with a modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine. | economic loss from infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is of worldwide concern. the unique pathogenesis and antigenic variability of bvdv have made this virus challenging to control. vaccination programs are a major component of control and prevention strategies. both killed and modified live vaccines are commercially available. choice between killed and modified live vaccines is controversial. of major concern is the safety of modified live vaccines. little information is availabl ... | 1998 | 9576338 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes and antibody against those viral genotypes in fetal bovine serum. | one thousand lots of pooled fetal bovine serum (fbs) were tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and/or for contamination with neutralizing antibody against bvdv. noncytopathic or cytopathic bvdv was isolated from 203 lots of fbs. analysis of the viral isolates identified 115 type 1 and 65 type 2 bvdv isolates. an additional 23 virus isolates were mixtures of > or = 2 bvdv isolates and were not classified to viral genotype. further characterization of the type 1 viruses ... | 1998 | 9576339 |
| distribution of antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus in infected, exposed, and uninfected beef cattle. | 1998 | 9576349 | |
| the duration of antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea virus in bulk milk. | fifty-eight dairy herds, suspected to be recently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) due to a rise in bvdv antibodies in bulk milk, were followed over a two-year period. in 34 (59%) of these 58 herds (group 1), pooled milk samples from heifers or pooled blood samples from calves were negative for bvdv antibodies. in this group as many as 53 and 76% of the herds again had antibody-negative bulk milk one and two years after the positive sample, respectively. of the remaining herds, ... | 1998 | 9592949 |
| the effect of bovine virus diarrhoea virus on reproduction in recently infected norwegian dairy herds. | a group of 32 dairy herds, recently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), was compared with a control group consisting of 75 bvdv free herds during a 3-year-period. variables related to reproduction were registered. results of multiple antibody examinations in bulk milk as well as samples of milk and blood from younger animals were used to select the herds. the incidence of abortions was statistically significantly different in the 2 groups, while the number of stillbirths, weak bor ... | 1998 | 9592950 |
| virus-encoded proteinases of the flaviviridae. | 1998 | 9603310 | |
| [pestivirus as causative agent of abortion and perinatal mortality in cattle and sheep in switzerland]. | the causal involvement of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) infection in bovine and ovine abortion and perinatal mortality remain unclear. from 1992 until 1994, 213 bovine and 31 ovine foetuses as well as 36 calves and 25 lambs which had died perinatally were investigated. tissue samples were tested for the presence of pestiviruses and serum or fluid from the body cavities were analysed for the presence of pestivirus antibodies. detection of pestiviruses was perf ... | 1998 | 9618985 |
| a novel nested reverse transcription pcr detects bovine viral diarrhoea virus in fluids from aborted bovine fetuses. | a nested reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was developed to detect pestivirus nucleic acid in fetal fluids and to study the number of bovine abortions associated with bvdv infection. three techniques for the extraction of viral rna from fetal fluids were compared; phenol:chloroform method, treatment with catrimox-14 followed by guanidium isothiocyanate buffer and the qiagen total rna kit. the qiagen kit was the most sensitive and reproducible and therefore adopted. after cdna synthesis, initial ... | 1998 | 9628223 |
| persistent bovine pestivirus infection localized in the testes of an immuno-competent, non-viraemic bull. | a post-pubertal bull on an artificial insemination station was found to be persistently shedding bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in semen over a period of eleven months, while demonstrating no viraemia. circulating antibodies to bvdv were consistently high, suggesting that the immune system was challenged repeatedly. post-mortem findings confirmed that the virus was sequestered in the testes of the bull. it is hypothesized that the bvdv in this immuno-competent bull was protected from the bu ... | 1998 | 9631528 |
| persistently infected cattle stabilise bovine viral diarrhea virus leading to herd specific strains. | animals persistently infected with bvdv are important in the epizootiology of the bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) because they are a permanent source of contamination within a herd. these animals produce large quantities of virus and have, therefore, been proposed as responsible for generating antigenic variability. however, limited studies have failed to detect antigenic or genetic changes in viruses isolated at different time from persistently infected animals. one hypothesis to account for this s ... | 1998 | 9631529 |
| differentiation of types 1a, 1b and 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by pcr. | there are two genotypes among bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv), bvdv1 and bvdv2. within the bvdv1 genotype there are two distinct subgenotypes, bvd1a and bvd1b. serology and monoclonal antibody binding are used to differentiate bvdv from classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv), the other members of the pestivirus genus. these techniques are less useful in the differentiation and segregation of viruses within the bvdv species. in this study, differential polymerase ... | 1998 | 9633045 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus replication in bovine follicular epithelial cells derived from persistently infected heifers. | bovine follicle fluid and oocytes surrounded by follicular epithelial (fe) cells were collected from ovaries of two heifers persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). bvdv was present in the follicle fluid at a higher titer than in serum. the oocytes were matured in vitro under culture conditions of 39 degrees c in humidified air containing 5% co2. in vitro fertilization was performed after 24 hr in culture (the day of insemination was defined as day 1), and culture was conti ... | 1998 | 9637289 |
| segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated in japan into genotypes. | it was suggested that 3 strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolated from persistently infected calves in tochigi prefecture in japan belonged to bvdv type ii. it was recognized lack of psti site on the 5'-untranslated region of genome of them as well as bvdv type ii reported previously. inoculated with the 3 strains, the calves showed the mild decrease of platelet counts which was specific clinical sign of bvdv type ii. we should report that the 3 strains were the first bvdv type ii i ... | 1998 | 9637291 |
| development and evaluation of a novel antigen capture assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigens. | an antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed to detect classical swine fever virus (csfv) antigen directly from 10% w/v tissue suspension. the assay, based on the sandwich principle, uses a biotinylated monoclonal antibody bound to streptavidin-coated microplates as the capture system and a swine anti-csfv antibody and rabbit anti-swine hrpo-conjugate as the detector system. the antigen-capture eia was compared with conventional virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fo ... | 1998 | 9646447 |
| nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv 2) in the 5' untranslated region of bvdvs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in japan. | cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdvs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in japan. these isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with japanese reference strains of bvdv belonging to classical type 1. significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in japan. thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nu ... | 1998 | 9646457 |
| [clinical-virologic course after superinfection of persistently infected cattle with cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus strains]. | vaccination with live cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is often used for control of this disease. in animals which are persistently infected with noncytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv this can lead to the outbreak of mucosal disease (md). to simulate vaccination of such animals and to monitor the clinical-virological course after superinfection, nine clinically healthy calves which were persistently viremic were superinfected with different cp bvdv strains. one animal succumbed to ... | 1998 | 9646556 |
| genome instability in bvdv: an examination of the sequence and structural influences on rna recombination. | the cytopathogenic biotype of the pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, is frequently a product of nonhomologous recombination in the region of the genome encoding the viral ns2-ns3 proteins. the possibility that sequences or structures in this region contributed to a hotspot for rna recombination was examined. a pcr-based strategy was used to examine viral genomic rna isolated from tissue samples of cattle persistently infected with the noncytopathogenic biotype of the virus. analysis of two ... | 1998 | 9657953 |
| specificity and duration of neutralizing antibodies induced in healthy cattle after administration of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea. | to determine the duration for cross-neutralizing antibodies stimulated by administration of a single dose of a modified-live vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) to seronegative cattle. | 1998 | 9659549 |
| experimental infection with babesia divergens in cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | nine norwegian red cattle, aged 7-14 months, persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were inoculated with a swedish strain of babesia divergens. six persistently infected cattle of the same age and breed were kept as controls. blood and serum samples were collected regularly during the observation period. rectal temperatures were recorded every morning for 25 days post infection, and the animals were examined clinically on a daily basis. sera were examined for antibodies t ... | 1998 | 9673578 |