Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| overwintering mechanisms of mosquito-borne arboviruses in temperate climates. | it can be concluded from the data cited that transovarial transmission is a plausible explanation for the overwintering of mosquito-borne bunyaviruses of the california serogroup. vertical transmission of mosquito-borne flaviviruses could explain the overwintering of this group of viruses, but this is far from having been established. at present, the mechanism by which mosquito-borne alphaviruses pass the winter is obscure. | 1987 | 2891312 |
| conserved elements in the 3' untranslated region of flavivirus rnas and potential cyclization sequences. | we have isolated a cdna clone after reverse transcription of the genomic rna of asibi yellow fever virus whose structure suggests it was formed by self-priming from a 3'-terminal hairpin of 87 nucleotides in the genomic rna. we have also isolated a clone from cdna made to murray valley encephalitis virus rna that also appears to have arisen by self-priming from a 3'-terminal structure very similar or identical to that of yellow fever. in addition, 3'-terminal sequencing of the s1 strain of dengu ... | 1987 | 2828633 |
| susceptibility of mammalian cell cultures to infection with arbo-togaviruses. | six alphaviruses and four flaviviruses were inoculated intracerebrally into 1 to 3 days old suckling mice. all mice developed cns diseases and died 2-5 days post-infection. it appeared that alphaviruses were more virulent than flaviviruses since they brought death to the injected mice earlier than the flaviviruses. the susceptibilities of nine different culture cells to those viruses were also investigated using plaque assay. bhk-21 cells produced clearer plaques and were more sensitive than oth ... | 1987 | 2835211 |
| molecular biology of the flaviviruses. | an overview of the molecular biology of the flaviviruses is presented. the members of this virus family are enveloped positive-strand rna viruses capable of causing a number of important human diseases. | 1987 | 2856425 |
| involvement of microtubules in kunjin virus replication. brief report. | induction of microtubulin paracrystals (pc) by kunjin (kun) virus occurred after 15 hours post-infection and were often associated with convoluted membranes (cm) and virus particles. vinblastine sulphate which disrupts microtubulin, had an inhibitory effect on the virus production when added during the viral latent period. when infected samples were extracted with triton x-100 and analysed by sds-page, four viral proteins were observed. | 1987 | 2825618 |
| detection of dengue virus rna using nucleic acid hybridization. | conditions for using slot-blot nucleic acid hybridization to quantitatively detect dengue-2 virus using a radiolabelled cdna probe, pvv17, were determined. as little as 11 plaque-forming units of virus were detected using a hybridization mixture without formamide and performing the test at 70 degrees c. while predominantly serotype-specific using stringent (65 degrees c) washing conditions, the probe detected all four dengue virus serotypes using astringent (28 degrees c) washing conditions. no ... | 1987 | 2881940 |
| potiskum virus: enhancement of replication in a macrophage-like cell line. | replication of potiskum virus was studied in p388d1 macrophage-like cell line in the presence and absence of subneutralizing concentrations of specific antiviral antibody. the cultures were infected at multiplicities of infection (moi) ranging from 0.4 to 0.0004. the virus replicated to high titres at all moi tested, but there was an enhancement of virus replication in cultures supplemented with the antibody. enhancement of replication was moi dependent, the highest ratios being obtained in cult ... | 1987 | 2894139 |
| formation of autoimmune effectors after transfer of virus-induced autoreactive precursors to syngeneic intact receptor animals. | we verified the assumption that autoimmune responses underlie immunosuppression developing in the course of virus infection. it has been shown by adoptive transfer that administration of langat-virus-induced autoreactive lymphocytes (arl) to the syngeneic recipient is followed by accumulation of autoreactive effectors (ae) eliciting a graft-verus-host reaction (gvhr) in the syngeneic system (aegvhr). in addition, cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (aec) appeared against the syngeneic macrophages. this effe ... | 1987 | 2894142 |
| william c. reeves and arbovirus research in australia. | william c. reeves was invited to australia in 1952 to take part in field studies of murray valley encephalitis. the results of his work led to various hypotheses which directed arbovirus research in australia for a generation. that and the people he influenced in australia made him a major figure in the development of australian arbovirus research. | 1987 | 2825554 |
| characterization of protease cleavage sites involved in the formation of the envelope glycoprotein and three non-structural proteins of dengue virus type 2, new guinea c strain. | amino terminal sequences of the envelope protein e and the three largest nonstructural proteins ns1, ns3, and ns5 of the new guinea c strain of dengue virus type 2 (den-2) were obtained by nucleotide and protein sequencing. clones were prepared containing cdna of den-2 virus in the plasmid puc8. the nucleotide sequences of viral cdna inserts were determined and the cdna of each clone positioned on the flavivirus genomic map by comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of yellow fev ... | 1987 | 2952760 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of flavivirus antibodies in chicken sera. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to determine the presence of flavivirus antibodies to murray valley encephalitis (mve) and kunjin viruses in sentinel chicken sera. the development of a quick, reliable assay to detect antibodies to mve was an essential part of a large-scale surveillance programme to monitor arbovirus activity in western australia. this assay was developed for use with alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti-mouse igg using mouse anti-chicken globulin ... | 1987 | 3027114 |
| cross-infection enhancement among african flaviviruses by immune mouse ascitic fluids. | cross-infection enhancement of seven african flaviviruses by subneutralising concentrations of antibody in immune ascitic fluids was investigated in p388d1 cell culture. infection by all the seven flaviviruses tested was enhanced by homologous and at least one of six heterologous immune mouse ascitic fluids (imaf) tested. enhancement ratios and enhancing antibody titres were higher in homologous than in heterologous enhancement. zika, wesselsbron, uganda s and west nile viruses were enhanced in ... | 1987 | 3028713 |
| analysis of disulfides present in the membrane proteins of the west nile flavivirus. | recently the primary structure of the structural proteins of the flaviviruses west nile (wn) virus (castle et al., 1985; wengler et al., 1985) and yellow fever (yf) virus (rice et al., 1985) have been determined. as a first step in a further characterization of the organization of the structural proteins we have now studied the disulfide bridges present in the wn virus membrane proteins. all three membrane proteins, pre m, m, and e, were analyzed. the results obtained can be summarized as follow ... | 1987 | 3811228 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated part of the genome of the flavivirus west nile virus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated region of the 42 s genome rna of the flavivirus west nile virus by primer extension. these analyses make our primary structure determination of this genome, which comprises a total number of 10,960 nucleotides, complete. some implications of our data concerning the structure of flavivirus-specific nucleic acids and the initiation of translation of wn virus-specific rna are discussed. | 1987 | 3813889 |
| antigenicity of japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein v3 (e) and its cyanogen bromide cleaved fragments examined by monoclonal antibodies and western blotting. | purified japanese encephalitis (je) virus was solubilized under reducing condition by using 2-merceptoethanol (2 me) or nonreducing condition without 2 me and its structural proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds-page), followed by the western blotting using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against je. the mobilities and reactivities against polyclonal antiserum of v3 (e) and v2 (c) were reduced when virion was disrupted u ... | 1987 | 2441683 |
| detection of flavivirus antibodies in human serum by epitope-blocking immunoassay. | human flavivirus group-reactive, dengue complex-reactive, and encephalitis virus complex-reactive antibodies were detected using epitope-blocking immunoassays in which the binding of selected mouse monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens was blocked by human serum. when late (greater than 6 months after illness) convalescent sera were tested, the epitope-blocking immunoassays were superior to the hemagglutination inhibition test and comparable to the plaque reduction neutralization for iden ... | 1987 | 2445910 |
| location of a neutralization determinant in the e protein of yellow fever virus (17d vaccine strain). | the location of a major antigenic determinant involved in the neutralization of a flavivirus, yellow fever virus (yf), has been defined in terms of its position in the amino acid sequence of the e protein. neutralization escape variants of the 17d vaccine strain of yf were selected with two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. nucleotide sequencing of the envelope protein genes (e and m) of the variants showed that in each variant there was a single nucleotide change in the e gene leading to a no ... | 1987 | 2446422 |
| studies on the glycosylation of flavivirus e proteins and the role of carbohydrate in antigenic structure. | the glycosylation pattern of several flavivirus e proteins as well as the role of carbohydrate in biological functions and the antigenic structure of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus were investigated by the use of specific endoglycosidases. endoglycosidase f digestion revealed the presence of a single asparagine-linked oligosaccharide side chain in tbe virus (western and far eastern subtype), louping iii virus, murray valley encephalitis virus, and rocio virus. consistent with published sequ ... | 1987 | 2441520 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against arboviruses of the families togaviridae and bunyaviridae in birds caught in southern moravia, czechoslovakia. | a total of 295 birds belonging to 19 species of 7 families of wild passeriformes were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test. the birds were caught for an international research program "balt" at the time of autumn migration (august-september 1984). their blood sera were examined for antibodies against 6 arbovirus antigens of the genera alphavirus (sindbis-sin) and flavivirus (tick-borne encephalitis-tbe, west nile-wn) and family bunyaviridae (tahyna-tah, calovo-cvo and bhanja-bha). antib ... | 1987 | 2822552 |
| persistence of encephalitogenic arboviruses in brain cell culture. brief report. | virus recovery from brain cultures of mice infected with either semliki forest and/or langat depended on the time interval between inoculation of either virus. mixed infections may alter the course of a disease. | 1987 | 2827614 |
| the status of dengue fever virus in south africa--serological studies and diagnosis of a case of dengue fever. | to assess the possibility of a dengue epidemic occurring in south africa 3 groups of survey sera and 2 groups of patients' sera, from a dengue high risk area of south africa, were tested for antibodies to several flaviviruses. 3.8% (75/1951) of the survey sera and 9.2% (26/282) of the patients' sera had haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to one or more of the flaviviruses tested. one of 1951 survey sera had a spectrum of complement fixation antibody consistent with a primary dengue infectio ... | 1987 | 2832982 |
| flavivirus-specific murine l3t4+ t cell clones: induction, characterization and cross-reactivity. | murine t cell clones specific for the kunjin (kun), west nile (wn) and murray valley encephalitis (mve) flaviviruses were generated in vitro following priming in vivo. clones were isolated by limiting dilution and maintained in culture with antigen stimulation and interleukin-2(il-2). the cells were characterized as having the thy 1+, l3t4+ and lyt 2- phenotype by immunofluorescence. all clones proliferated strongly and secreted high levels of il-2 and il-3 in response to homologous antigen. bot ... | 1987 | 2822843 |
| the effect of gold sodium thiomalate in adult swiss/a2g mice infected with togaviruses and flaviviruses. | treatment of adult mice with gold sodium thiomalate made the normally non-lethal semliki forest virus and sindbis virus infections lethal and increased the virulence of langat and west nile viruses. these changes were associated with an enhanced virus invasion of the brain. depression of the humoral antibody response was not observed. | 1987 | 2822844 |
| california serogroup and powassan virus infection of cats. | one hundred and seventy five sera from cats in ontario, canada, were tested for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies to three arboviruses; namely, powassan (pow) of the flavivirus serogroup, and snowshoe hare (ssh) and jamestown canyon (jc) viruses of the california (cal) serogroup. all sera were negative for antibodies to pow virus. twelve cats possessed cal serogroup antibodies including 3 with antibodies to ssh alone, 6 with antibodies to jc alone, and 3 with antibodies to both ssh and ... | 1987 | 2825952 |
| antigenic analysis of west nile virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | seventeen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against the flavivirus west nile strain h442. while the majority of these were specific for the major envelope protein, mabs directed against the ns1 and ns4a nonstructural proteins were also identified. the mabs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence against 16 southern african west nile (wn) isolates, representative strains from the two main wn antigenic groups and several viruses from other flavivirus complexes. the mab reactivities ran ... | 1988 | 2833205 |
| 1987 yellow fever epidemics in oyo state, nigeria: a survey for yellow fever virus haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in residents of two communities before and after the epidemics. | a survey for yellow fever haemagglutination inhibiting antibody was carried out before and after the 1987 yellow fever epidemics in nigeria in two localities in oyo state, namely: ibadan and ogbomosho. a total of 129 sera were collected from the two localities before the epidemic. the overall prevalence of yellow fever hi antibody was 37%. a breakdown of positive sera showed that 30/100 and 18/29 sera tested in ibadan and ogbomosho respectively were positive. there was a higher prevalence of hi ... | 1988 | 2851207 |
| antibody prevalence of st. louis encephalitis virus in avian hosts in los angeles, california, 1986. | a study was conducted to determine the pattern of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus activity in the avian populations of the los angeles metropolitan area in 1986. in total, 679 birds of 42 species were captured at 7 study sites. the overall prevalence of sle neutralizing (n) antibody of 3% indicated enzootic transmission. antibody prevalences were higher in birds sampled in the central part of the metropolitan area, which was consistent with other epidemiologic data. the use of specific avian ... | 1988 | 2852209 |
| [chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of arbo- and arenavirus infections]. | 1988 | 2845668 | |
| [monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens induced by a vaccinal strain of yellow fever]. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) yel-2 induced by the vaccine fns dakar yellow fever (yf) virus were characterized for their capacity to enter into serological reactions and to react with heterologous flaviviruses. yel-2 mabs belong to the igg2a class of immunoglobulins, possess the antihemagglutination properties, are active in indirect if test but do not activate complement and have no neutralizing properties. the inability to enter into cft in the presence of antihemagglutinating properties sugge ... | 1988 | 2848367 |
| [modification during experimental flavivirus infection of the formation of a b-cell immunologic memory to heterologous antigen]. | 1988 | 2848369 | |
| a rapid dot immunoassay for the detection of serum antibodies to eastern equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viruses in sentinel chickens. | a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing a novel membrane, polyvinylidene difluoride, is described. this assay was developed for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and st. louis encephalitis virus in sentinel chickens. antigens were spot-filtered through the membrane. membranes were dipped into small vials of sera. antigen-antibody complexes were detected with enzyme-conjugated antiglobulin which, when exposed to substrate, produced a color ... | 1988 | 2829636 |
| a study of viral and rickettsial exposure and causes of fever in juba, southern sudan. | patients presenting at the juba teaching hospital, either with fever of undetermined origin or with a clinical cause of fever, gave evidence of exposure to a wide range of viral and rickettsial agents. serological tests showed high antibody levels to flaviviruses (56.9%) and alphaviruses (29.2%), with lesser levels of bunyamweraviruses (3.8%), rift valley fever (2.3%), and sandfly fever (0.75%). flavivirus exposure was significantly associated with clinical evidence of liver disease; repeated ex ... | 1988 | 2855284 |
| clinical and pathological responses of west african dwarf goats (fouta djallon) infected with nigerian strain of wesselsbron virus. | 1988 | 2855376 | |
| murray valley encephalitis virus field strains from australia and papua new guinea: studies on the sequence of the major envelope protein gene and virulence for mice. | we have compared the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major envelope (e) protein of a number of murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) isolates from australia and papua new guinea (png). the isolates, from widely separated geographic regions, were from four fatal human cases, a heron, and six mosquito pools and covered a period of 25 years. the sequences of the australian strains were notable for their similarity, showing not more than 1.7% nucleotide sequence divergence in pairwise ... | 1988 | 2838962 |
| detection of viral infection by immunofluorescence in formalin-fixed tissues, pretreated with trypsin. | the presence of viral antigen in sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues was demonstrated by trypsin digestion followed by direct or indirect immunofluorescence. the specimens may be used for retrospective diagnosis. the immunofluorescence technique has to be adapted to the suspected virus infection on the basis of previous histopathologic study. variations of trypsin concentration time and temperature of incubation, expose different viral antigens and have to be previou ... | 1988 | 2687623 |
| interferon-independent increases in class i major histocompatibility complex antigen expression follow flavivirus infection. | infection of tertiary-passaged mouse embryo fibroblasts by four flaviviruses, west nile (wnv), kunjin, murray valley encephalitis and japanese b encephalitis, resulted in a six- to 10-fold increase in the expression of individual h-2k and h-2d class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens 16 to 48 h after infection. the mechanism(s) by which flaviviruses increased antigen expression has not been fully elucidated, but appears to be mediated partly independently of interferon-beta (ifn-b ... | 1988 | 2844965 |
| antigenic structure of the murray valley encephalitis virus e glycoprotein. | to complement our battery of st louis encephalitis (sle) virus monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we isolated and characterized mabs reactive with another member of the sle virus serocomplex, murray valley encephalitis (mve) virus. from 40 fusion products, we isolated 10 stable hybridomas. the combination of sle and mve virus mabs defined eight epitopes on the mve envelope (e) glycoprotein. six of these epitopes (e-1a, e-1c, e-1d, e-3, e-4a, e-4b) were identical to those previously demonstrated on sl ... | 1988 | 2453607 |
| epitope mapping of japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein using monoclonal antibodies against an indian strain. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against an indian strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus was used to map topographically the epitopes on the envelope protein. two separate clusters of epitopes were revealed. on the basis of reactivity in haemagglutination inhibition (hi), neutralization (nt), passive protection and antibody-dependent plaque enhancement (adpe) assays with the mabs, five functional domains (a, b, c, d and e) were delineated. the flavivirus cross-reactive domain ... | 1988 | 2460583 |
| protection of mice against japanese encephalitis virus by passive administration with monoclonal antibodies. | we have identified and characterized nine antigenic epitopes on the e envelope of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) by using mab. passive administration of most of the anti-jev mab protected mice from i.v. challenge with 1.5 x 10(3) plaque-forming units of jev, jagar-01 strain. some mab, which possess high neutralization activity in vitro, showed high protection, and jev-specific n mab 503 was found the most protective. even an injection of 2.5 micrograms/mouse of mab 503 protected all mice from ... | 1988 | 2460542 |
| type-specific monoclonal antibodies produced to proteins of murray valley encephalitis virus. | two monoclonal antibodies have been produced to the flavivirus, murray valley encephalitis (mve). immunofluorescent antibody and elisa tests revealed that one antibody was specific for mve while the other cross-reacted weakly with alfuy and kunjin viruses. these antibodies have neither haemagglutination inhibition nor neutralising activity. one of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the envelope glycoprotein (e) and a 45,000 mw protein, while the other reacted with a protein of 23,000 daltons ... | 1988 | 2453454 |
| from the world health organization. current approaches to the development of dengue vaccines and related aspects of the molecular biology of flaviviruses. | 1988 | 2452218 | |
| terminal sequences of the replicative form of rna of the japanese encephalitis virus. | the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of the replicative form (rf) of rna of a flavivirus, the japanese encephalitis (je) virus, strain ja0ars982, have been determined by in vitro labelling and mobility shift analysis. the plus strand sequence was 5'agaaguuuaucugugugaa...ucuoh3', while the minus strand sequence was 5'agauccuguguucuuccuca...ucuoh3'. these sequences were similar to those of west nile (wn) virus being identical in 12 nucleotides at the 5'terminal of the minus strand, and in the 5'termin ... | 1988 | 2897776 |
| antigenic classification and taxonomy of flaviviruses (family flaviviridae) emphasizing a universal system for the taxonomy of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis. | for many years the expression "tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus" has been used to denote viruses causing the clinical entity tbe. no virus with the name "tbe virus" has been registered in the international catalogue of arboviruses, the generally accepted reference for naming arthropod-borne viruses, and no formal agreement has been reached within the scientific community to use the expression "tbe virus"; this term is inaccurate for indicating the etiologic agent of the disease tbe and confus ... | 1988 | 2904743 |
| establishment and characterization of st louis encephalitis virus persistent infections in aedes and culex mosquito cell lines. | persistent infections with st louis encephalitis (sle) virus were established in three mosquito cell lines (aedes albopictus, a. dorsalis and culex tarsalis) and were maintained for over 2 years. all three persistently infected cell cultures shared two features: (i) no overt cytopathic effect and (ii) a relatively high proportion of cells infected (41 to 85%). the aedes persistently infected cultures were resistant to superinfection with the homologous virus but not heterologous viruses. two sig ... | 1988 | 2842432 |
| flavivirus vaccines. | diseases caused by flavivirus infection have been a scourge of mankind for over three centuries; with yellow fever, dengue fever and russian spring-summer encephalitis causing epidemics resulting in thousands of fatalities. due to the development of a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine against yellow fever, this disease is no longer such a threat in countries where adequate vaccination is practised. a similarly safe and efficacious inactivated vaccine against central-european tick-born ... | 1988 | 2854336 |
| sequence and secondary structure analysis of the 5'-terminal region of flavivirus genome rna. | the 5'-terminal noncoding region sequences were determined for the genome rnas of seven strains of st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and one strain of west nile virus (wnv) using a single synthetic cdna primer complementary to the 5'-terminus of the coding region of a strain of wnv rna. the 5'-terminal sequences obtained for the slev and wnv rnas were compared with published sequences for yellow fever virus (yfv), murray valley encephalitis virus (mvev), and dengue virus. while only short regi ... | 1988 | 2829420 |
| possible involvement of receptors in the entry of kunjin virus into vero cells. | the results obtained from electron microscopy, adsorbed and internalised virus assays and immunofluorescence studies supported that the most likely mode of entry of kunjin virus into vero cells was by receptor-mediated endocytosis. this was deduced indirectly from the time sequence of events that occurred. electron microscopy revealed that endocytosis of the virus through coated vesicles had occurred. the adsorbed and internalised virus assay and immunofluorescence studies showed that there were ... | 1988 | 2899998 |
| translation mapping with the flavivirus kunjin: gene order and anomalies in translation of ns5. | kunjin (kun) virus-infected cells were synchronized in translation by reversal of hypertonic inhibition; cells were then pulse-labelled with [35s]methionine. electrophoretic analyses defined the sequence of incorporation of label into all the known kun gene products shown previously to be unique and unrelated. gp44 or ns1 was inadequately labelled for analysis and was assumed to be translated sequentially after e in the polyprotein sequence. the relationship of the kun gene order obtained by tra ... | 1988 | 2837017 |
| cns pathogenesis following a dual viral infection with semliki forest (alphavirus) and langat (flavivirus). | mice inoculated intraperitoneally with the alphavirus semliki forest were protected against a subsequent challenge with the flavivirus langat. the protection was seen as a reduction in the langat virus titres, mortality index and percentage deaths. the severity of the brain pathology was greater in the simultaneously infected mice, or when the time interval between administration of the viruses was 7 days, compared to that seen following a single infection of either semliki forest or langat viru ... | 1988 | 2837265 |
| further observations on the mechanism of vertical transmission of flaviviruses by aedes mosquitoes. | as previously observed for dengue viruses, vertical (i.e., transgenerational) transmission of japanese and st. louis encephalitis viruses by aedes albopictus takes place when the fully formed egg, enclosed in the chorion, is oviposited. the demonstration of such a mechanism for three flaviviruses suggests that vertical transmission of all mosquito-borne flaviviruses may occur in the same manner. | 1988 | 2840833 |
| genetic variation of murray valley encephalitis virus. | the genomes of 21 isolates of murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) from australia and papua new guinea were characterized and compared using rnase t1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting. most australian isolates grouped in clusters that were linked with a similarity coefficient of greater than 75%, indicating substantial homogeneity. two isolates grouped as a cluster that linked with other isolates at a level of 67%. these two isolates, one from the north and one from the south-east of australia we ... | 1988 | 2841405 |
| detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with zika or langat virus. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with molecular specificities for either the viral envelope glycoprotein (mab 541) or the non-structural ns1 glycoprotein (mab 109) were derived using west nile and yellow fever (yf) viruses respectively. their antigenic reactivity with a large number of flaviviruses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. both produced cytoplasmic fluorescent staining patterns with the homologous virus against which they were raised. additionally, mab 541 reacted wi ... | 1988 | 2841406 |
| phenotypes of st louis encephalitis virus mutants produced in persistently infected mosquito cell cultures. | viral mutants that appeared during long-term persistent infections of mosquito cell cultures (aedes albopictus, a. dorsalis and culex tarsalis) with st louis encephalitis virus were characterized. evidence was obtained for the presence of temperature-sensitive mutants in the a. dorsalis and c. tarsalis persistently infected cultures, and small plaque mutants were predominant in all cultures except one of two cell cultures of c. tarsalis. virus from persistently infected a. albopictus cell cultur ... | 1988 | 2842433 |
| protection against japanese encephalitis by inactivated vaccines. | encephalitis caused by japanese encephalitis virus occurs in annual epidemics throughout asia, making it the principal cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the world. no currently available vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in preventing this disease in a controlled trial. we performed a placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized trial in a northern thai province, with two doses of monovalent (nakayama strain) or bivalent (nakayama plus beijing strains) inactivated, purified japanese encephaliti ... | 1988 | 2842677 |
| occurrence of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in berlin (west). | the main vector of central european tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), the hard tick ixodes ricinus, is very common in forests of berlin (west) all of which are frequently visited nearby recreation areas. while the presence of the causative agent, a flavivirus, has been demonstrated in all districts of the german democratic republic (gdr) there has been no corresponding investigation concerning berlin (west). in the present study, 4593 unengorged i. ricinus nymphs and adults were collected by the fl ... | 1988 | 2850694 |
| localization of arboviral antigen in brain tissues from patients with encephalitis. | brain tissues from 38 patients with a clinical suspicion of encephalitis or encephalopathy were examined by two immunoenzymatic techniques for the detection of arboviral antigen. group b arboviral antigen was identified in 23 of these tissues. this simple method could be used for the diagnosis of the causal agent of encephalitis. | 1988 | 2852405 |
| stability of st. louis encephalitis viral antigen detected by enzyme immunoassay in infected mosquitoes. | the use of enzyme immunoassay to detect st. louis encephalitis (sle) viral antigen in vector mosquitoes enhances the effectiveness of surveillance because infected mosquitoes can be identified more rapidly than with conventional virus isolation systems and because it is a simple and accessible procedure. infectivity among mosquitoes experimentally infected with sle virus was lost within 24 h after the mosquitoes were stored at 27 degrees c and 80% relative humidity; however, viral antigen remain ... | 1988 | 2852675 |
| heterologous flavivirus infection-enhancing antibodies in sera of nigerians. | human sera collected from nigerians were examined for plaque reduction neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies against dengue 2, yellow fever, and west nile viruses. neutralization tests showed that 17 of 19 sera contained flavivirus neutralizing antibody; 11 were positive to all 3 viruses, 5 to dengue and yellow fever, and 1 to dengue virus only. two sera had no detectable neutralizing antibody to any of the flaviviruses. enhancement assays showed that 17 flavivirus neutralizing antibod ... | 1988 | 2829637 |
| comparisons of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhoea virus with members of the flaviviridae. | the molecular features of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a member of the pestivirus genus currently classified in the togaviridae, were examined for characteristics resembling those of the flaviviridae family. like flaviviruses, bvdv possesses a single-stranded rna genome (approx. 4.3 x 10(6) mr) deficient in a 3' poly(a) tract. this rna has a single open reading frame spanning the length of the genome in the viral rna sense (positive polarity), implying an expression strategy involving th ... | 1988 | 2844971 |
| nucleotide sequence of dengue 2 rna and comparison of the encoded proteins with those of other flaviviruses. | we have determined the complete sequence of the rna of dengue 2 virus (s1 candidate vaccine strain derived from the pr-159 isolate) with the exception of about 15 nucleotides at the 5' end. the genome organization is the same as that deduced earlier for other flaviviruses and the amino acid sequences of the encoded dengue 2 proteins show striking homology to those of other flaviviruses. the overall amino acid sequence similarity between dengue 2 and yellow fever virus is 44.7%, whereas that betw ... | 1988 | 2827375 |
| evidence that the mature form of the flavivirus nonstructural protein ns1 is a dimer. | evidence is presented which indicates that the dengue-2 virus nonstructural protein ns1 (soluble complement fixing antigen) exists in infected bhk and mosquito cell cultures as part of a stable oligomer. identification of the dissociation products of the isolated oligomer and comparison of the number of n-linked glycans in native and denatured ns1 is consistent with the idea that the high-molecular-weight form of ns1 is a homodimer. by analyzing lysates of bhk cells infected with st. louis encep ... | 1988 | 2827377 |
| biochemical and biophysical characteristics of rio bravo virus (flaviviridae). | rio bravo (rb) virus has been assigned to the family flaviviridae on the basis of its antigenic relatedness to other members of this family. rb virus, unlike most members of the flaviviridae, is believed not to have an arthropod vector. we examined biochemical and biophysical characteristics of rb virus to determine whether it should be assigned to the flaviviridae and to compare it with arthropod-borne flaviviruses. purified rb virus banded at a density of 1.18 g/ml in sucrose and had a sedimen ... | 1988 | 2828514 |
| nucleotide and complete amino acid sequences of kunjin virus: definitive gene order and characteristics of the virus-specified proteins. | a kunjin (kun) virus cdna sequence of 10664 nucleotides was obtained and it encoded a single open reading frame for 3433 amino acids. partial n-terminal amino acid analyses of kun virus-specified proteins identified the polyprotein cleavage sites and the definitive gene order. the gene order relative to that proposed for yellow fever (yf) virus is as follows: kun 5'-c.gp20.e.gp44.p19.p10.p71.(?).p21.p98-3' yf 5'-c.prm.e.ns1.ns2a.ns2b.ns3.ns4a.ns4b. ns5-3'. the order of putative signal sequences ... | 1988 | 2826659 |
| gene mapping and positive identification of the non-structural proteins ns2a, ns2b, ns3, ns4b and ns5 of the flavivirus kunjin and their cleavage sites. | partial n-terminal amino acid analyses of five radiolabelled non-structural (ns) proteins specified by kunjin (kun) virus provided positive identification of ns3, ns5 and three previously hypothetical ns proteins of flaviviruses, ns2a, ns2b and ns4b. their correct gene order was obtained from their deduced amino acid sequences. thus the gene order for kun virus relative to that proposed for yellow fever (yf) virus was as follows: kun 5'...gp44.p19.p10.p71.(?).p21.p98-3', yf 5'...ns1.ns2a.ns2b.ns ... | 1988 | 2826667 |
| t cell-mediated cytotoxicity against dengue-infected target cells. | a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to dengue virus-infected target cells is described. effector cells were generated in an in vitro secondary culture and appeared to be t cells possessing both the lyt 1.1 and lyt 2.1 surface antigens. a stronger ctl response was noted with the h-2k haplotype compared to h-2d, and h-2 compatibility was required between ctl and target cells. ctl generated showed some cross-reactivity with target cells infected with japanese encephalitis virus (jev), another f ... | 1988 | 3262810 |
| prospects for a virus non-structural protein as a subunit vaccine. | the design of contemporary vaccines to date has been dependent upon our understanding of the process of stimulation of protective immunity by virion proteins. however, studies with the flaviviruses have demonstrated that protective immunity can be elicited by a non-structural protein, ns1. surprisingly, immunity to infection is stimulated in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. the information concerning ns1-induced immunity is described and is discussed with relevance to the role of the prot ... | 1988 | 3281388 |
| association between the ph-dependent conformational change of west nile flavivirus e protein and virus-mediated membrane fusion. | the major envelope protein (e) of west nile virus mediates fusion between the membranes of the viral envelope and the target cell at optimum ph values of just below neutrality. the fusion is critical for the entry mechanism, allowing virus to escape from the acidic endosomal compartment. to define the role of the viral e protein in the fusion reaction, the conformational change in e and concomitant change of viral infectivity were studied quantitatively, using protease digestion of the e protein ... | 1988 | 3385406 |
| enhanced neutralization of flavivirus by monoclonal antibodies against negishi virus. | ten monoclonal antibodies against negishi virus were classified into 3 groups and 7 types according to the reaction patterns to negishi virus by the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test and by several kinds of neutralization tests. when kinetic neutralization was applied to these monoclonal antibodies at the same hi titer of 1:64, the initial slope and the persistent fraction of the kinetic curve was varied in each antibody. in the double-kinetic neutralization test, neutralization did not proc ... | 1988 | 3393099 |
| comparative study of various immunomodulators for macrophage and natural killer cell activation and antiviral efficacy against exotic rna viruses. | several immunomodulators were compared for immunomodulatory and antiviral activity in b6c3f1 female mice. our results demonstrate that murine recombinant gamma interferon (rifn-g), human recombinant alpha a/d interferon (rifn-a), ampligen (a polyribonucleotide) and cl246,738 modulate nonspecific immunity and are effective antiviral agents in vivo. administration of each of these agents 1 day before cell harvest induced high levels of splenic natural killer (nk) cell activity against yac-1 target ... | 1988 | 3182149 |
| separation of functional west nile virus replication complexes from intracellular membrane fragments. | flaviviruses encode seven non-structural proteins for which functions have not yet been described. the identification of the viral and possible host proteins which may be involved in flavivirus replication has been impeded by the fact that the viral replication complexes are tightly associated with endoplasmic reticular membranes within infected cells and that in vitro polymerase activity is associated with large membrane fragments. to facilitate further study of flavivirus replication complexes ... | 1988 | 3199103 |
| nucleotide sequence of dengue type 3 virus genomic rna encoding viral structural proteins. | complementary dnas to the 5' proximal region of the dengue virus type 3 rna were cloned into bacterial plasmids and the nucleotide sequence of 3,000 bases from the 5' terminus of the genome were determined by dna and rna sequencing methods using dideoxy chain-termination reactions. comparison of the nucleotide sequence thus obtained with those of other flavivirus genomes revealed significant homology existing in nucleotide sequence of the flavivirus genomes. when we compared amino acid sequence ... | 1988 | 3227644 |
| molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of japanese encephalitis virus beijing-1 strain. | the genomic rna of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) beijing-1 strain was reversely transcribed and the synthesized cdna was molecularly cloned. six continuous cdna clones that cover the entire virus genome were established and sequenced to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the jev rna. the precise genomic size was estimated as 10,965 bases long. with flanking 95 bases at the 5' and 583 bases at the 3' non-coding regions, one long open reading frame (orf) was revealed encoding a ... | 1988 | 3245133 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, jamaica genotype: comparative analysis of the full-length genome. | the sequence of the 5'-end of the genome of dengue 2 (jamaica genotype) virus has been previously reported (v. deubel, r. m. kinney, and d. w. trent, 1986, virology 155, 365-377). we have now cloned and sequenced the remaining 75% of the genomic rna that encodes the nonstructural proteins. the complete genome is 10,723 bases in length with a single open reading frame extending from nucleotides 97 to 10,269 encoding 3391 amino acids. the 3'-noncoding extremity presents a stem- and loop-structure ... | 1988 | 3388770 |
| sequence of the structural proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (western subtype) and comparative analysis with other flaviviruses. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (western subtype strain neudoerfl) was cloned and the sequence of 2450 nucleotides of the 5'-terminal region of the genome was determined. by amino acid sequencing and sequence comparisons with other flaviviruses the amino-termini of the structural proteins and protein ns1 were localized. sequence homologies with other flaviviruses were determined and corresponded well to the established serological classification system of the flavivirus family. n-glycosylati ... | 1988 | 3413985 |
| the secondary in vitro murine cytotoxic t cell response to the flavivirus, west nile. | a secondary in vitro murine cytotoxic response to the flavivirus, west nile (wnv) is described. cytotoxic activity was obtained from spleen cells of mice primed 7 days previously with 10(6) p.f.u. wnv and boosted in vitro for a further 5 days with wnv-infected stimulator spleen cells. the cells responsible for lysis of wnv-infected target cells were restricted by class 1 h-2 antigens. the k region of the h-2k haplotype and both the k and d regions of the h-2d haplotype were permissive. the cytot ... | 1988 | 3259537 |
| development of a dot enzyme immunoassay for dengue 3: a sensitive method for the detection of antidengue antibodies. | partially purified den3 virus was used as antigen in a sensitive dot enzyme immunoassay (deia) for the detection of antibodies to flavivirus antigens. we describe here the method used to prepare and optimise the antigen-bearing nitrocellulose membranes and present the results obtained from screening 20 acute phase sera from patients shown to have had recent dengue infections by the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. sixteen pairs of acute and convalescent sera from dengue-negative patients ... | 1988 | 3058737 |
| yellow fever virus proteins ns2a, ns2b, and ns4b: identification and partial n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. | a series of fusion proteins corresponding to the hydrophobic ns2 and ns4 regions of yellow fever virus (yf) were generated in escherichia coli using trpe fusion vectors. antisera to ns2 and ns4 region fusion proteins recognize virus-specific proteins of 15 and 27 kda, respectively. n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the 27-kda protein indicates that the n-terminus of yf ns4b immediately follows a signalase-like cleavage site. additional sequence data generated by microsequence analysis o ... | 1989 | 2922923 |
| isolation of murray valley encephalitis and ross river viruses from aedes normanensis (diptera: culicidae) in western australia. | of eight viruses isolated from 28,909 female (643 pools) aedes normanensis collected from the north of western australia, two were identified as murray valley encephalitis virus and six as ross river virus. the two isolates of murray valley encephalitis virus represent the first confirmed isolations of this virus from an aedes species. the possible implications of these findings with regard to virus survival mechanisms during the dry season are discussed. | 1989 | 2540334 |
| positive identification of ns4a, the last of the hypothetical nonstructural proteins of flaviviruses. | a radiolabeled protein migrating in sds-polyacrylamide gels near the core protein c of kunjin virus-infected cells was isolated and subjected to n-terminal amino acid sequencing. comparisons with the translation sequence deduced from the known nucleotide sequence identified a hydrophobic protein of 149 amino acids located in the polyprotein sequence between ns3 and ns4b, thus establishing its identity as ns4a with a calculated mr 16,100. the cleavage sites identified at the n- and c-termini are ... | 1989 | 2541547 |
| the prevalence of antibodies against viruses causing kumlinge and pogosta diseases on the islands of iniö on the southwest coast of finland. | the prevalence of antibodies against viruses causing kumlinge (tick-borne encephalitis) and pogosta disease in the population of iniö, a small island community in southwest finland was measured. antibodies against kumlinge disease were found in 28% of the population, and increased from 10% in the 0-19 year age group to 42% in the 60-79 year age group. the prevalence varied markedly between different islands, being highest in the outer, bushy islands. antibodies against pogosta disease were detec ... | 1989 | 2543059 |
| flavivirus infection up-regulates the expression of class i and class ii major histocompatibility antigens on and enhances t cell recognition of astrocytes in vitro. | west nile virus (wnv) infection of astrocytes can up-regulate their expression of both class i and class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens as determined by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies specific for class i and class ii mhc antigens. the up-regulation of class i mhc antigen expression could be partly caused by interferon secreted after wnv infection because the synthetic interferon inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) has similar effects. in contrast th ... | 1989 | 2463998 |
| [antigen signature analysis of dengue-2 viruses strains in hainan china]. | in this paper, we try to define the extent of antigenic variation between dengue-2 viruses from hainan province, which had been isolated over a period of 3 years (1985-1987). the dengue-2 viruses were compared with the prototype new guinea b strain and were subjected to antigen signature analysis. eight strains of dengue-2 virus were analyzed by three monoclonal antibodies: flavivirus group, subcomplex dengue-2 type-specific reactive epitopes, over a range of antigen concentration. five out of e ... | 1989 | 2479176 |
| genome sequence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (western subtype) and comparative analysis of nonstructural proteins with other flaviviruses. | the genome sequence of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (western subtype vaccine strain neudoerfl) was determined. this extends the previously published sequence of the structural proteins to the nonstructural protein region and noncoding sequences at the 5'- and 3'-termini. the amino-termini of the individual proteins were assigned by comparison with other flavivirus sequences. amino acid homology calculations between tbe virus and mosquito-borne flaviviruses were performed for all nonstruct ... | 1989 | 2554575 |
| an analysis of the antibody response against west nile virus e protein purified by sds-page indicates that this protein does not contain sequential epitopes for efficient induction of neutralizing antibodies. | the large envelope (e) protein of flaviruses is the viral surface protein that contains neutralizing epitopes. we have analysed the e protein of the west nile (wn) flavivirus for neutralizing epitopes generated from linear segments of the protein; if effective, these might allow the synthesis of peptides suitable for vaccination. for this study we used the e protein and defined fragments thereof as antigens in rabbits. the sera thus obtained, containing antibodies to e protein as shown by wester ... | 1989 | 2471801 |
| synthetic peptides derived from the deduced amino acid sequence of the e-glycoprotein of murray valley encephalitis virus elicit antiviral antibody. | we used computer analysis to study hydrophilicity, homology, surface accessibility, molecular flexibility, and secondary structure of the deduced amino acid sequence of the flavivirus envelope (e)-glycoprotein. using the results, we modified the e-glycoprotein antigenic structure proposed by nowak and wengler (1987, virology, 156, 127-137). our model predicts considerable overlaps in the previously defined domains. we have prepared 11 synthetic peptides from the deduced amino acid sequence of th ... | 1989 | 2472704 |
| arbovirus infections and viral haemorrhagic fevers in uganda: a serological survey in karamoja district, 1984. | sera collected in may 1984 from 132 adult residents of karamoja district, uganda, were examined by haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibodies against selected arboviruses, namely chikungunya and semliki forest alphaviruses (togaviridae); dengue type 2, wesselsbron, west nile, yellow fever and zika flaviviruses (flaviviridae); bunyamwera, ilesha and tahyna bunyaviruses (bunyaviridae); and sicilian sandfly fever phlebovirus (bunyaviridae); and by immunofluorescence tests against certain hae ... | 1989 | 2559514 |
| identification of continuous epitopes of the envelope glycoprotein of dengue type 2 virus. | we reacted 490 hexapeptides homologous to the amino acid sequence of the dengue 2 (den-2) virus envelope glycoprotein with antisera from 7 patients with primary den-2 virus infections to identify the continuous epitopes recognized by human igg. there were 124 peptides in 25 clusters (domains) that bound 2 or more antisera. twenty-two peptides in 7 domains bound all 7 convalescent den-2 virus antisera tested, and thus appeared to represent immunodominant epitopes. the evidence that these domains ... | 1989 | 2472749 |
| seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis in dimapur, nagaland. | a seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis (je) in dimapur, nagaland was carried out following an outbreak of the disease between july, 1985 and february, 1986. altogether 50 persons were affected with 30 (60 per cent) deaths. the attack and death rates per 1000 were more in nagas viz. 0.55 and 0.34 than non-nagas viz. 0.33 and 0.20 respectively. all ages and both sexes were affected. of the nine mosquito species encountered culex vishnui showed the highest density (44.5/mh). culture o ... | 1989 | 2553798 |
| homologous potyvirus and flavivirus proteins belonging to a superfamily of helicase-like proteins. | comparison of the nucleoside triphosphate-binding motif(ntbm)-containing proteins of two groups of apparently distantly related positive-strand rna viruses (potyvirus and flavivirus), revealed significant sequence similarity. in addition, these two groups of viral proteins show amino acid motifs in common with those conserved in a group of five ntbm-containing proteins from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, some of which have been experimentally related to helicase activity. here we propose that ... | 1989 | 2555266 |
| [serologic study of arbovirus in 2 localities of the juventud island]. | a serologic study is made in two population groups in the isle of youth. a total 268 blood samples in blotting paper are subjected to the hemagglutination inhibition technique, using the eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, saint louis encephalitis, and dengue 2 viruses; 16% positivity to flavivirus was found. a second serum sample was taken in people positive by the hemagglutination inhibition technique in order to carry out the techniques of complement fixation a ... | 1989 | 2561798 |
| delaying virus maturation for a higher yield of cell associated virus antigens. | negligible amounts of virus were released when infected cells were maintained in low ionic strength medium. the cells accumulated a high titre of virus and its specific antigenic proteins, detected by complement-fixation test. the procedure has potential for production of virus subunit vaccines. | 1989 | 2481802 |
| epitope analysis of strains of japanese encephalitis virus by monoclonal antibodies. | twenty one strains of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, including 16 from india, were compared antigenically on the basis of their reactivity in immunofluorescence (if), haemagglutination inhibition (hi), elisa with captured antigen (eca), and neutralization (n) tests with je monoclonal antibodies (mabs). these mabs represented three domains of distinct epitopes on the envelope protein, designated as hs-1 to 4 (je specific in hi), hx-1 to 5 (flavivirus cross reactive in hi) and nhs-1 to 2 (non-h ... | 1989 | 2482831 |
| complement fixing antibodies against arboviruses in horses at lagos, nigeria. | sixty-two sera horse collected from two stables at lagos, nigeria, were tested for complement fixing antibody to 8 arbovirus antigens; chikungunya, igbo-ora, yellow fever, wesselsbron, west nile, potiskum, uganda s and rift valley fever. ten per cent of the horse sera examined contained cf antibody to one or more of the test antigens and indicated considerable arbovirus activity in the two stables. reactions with flavivirus antigens were most common and the highest antibody titres were obtained ... | 1989 | 2485538 |
| transcription of infectious yellow fever rna from full-length cdna templates produced by in vitro ligation. | yellow fever (yf) virus is the prototype member of the flavivirus family, a diverse group of human and animal pathogens. a live-attenuated strain of yf virus, called 17d, has been used successfully for human vaccination for more than 50 years. in this report we describe the construction of full-length yf 17d cdna templates that can be transcribed in vitro to yield infectious yf virus rna. because of the instability of full-length yf cdna clones and their toxic effects on escherichia coli, we dev ... | 1989 | 2487295 |
| two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of rnase t1 resistant oligonucleotides of flavivirus rna using ultrathin gels. | a convenient method employing a commercially available apparatus for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of rnase t1 resistant oligonucleotides using ultrathin gels has been developed. the methodology overcomes problems commonly associated with the establishment of good, bubble-free, fusion of the first and second dimension gels. the use of ultrathin gels results in autoradiograms with well resolved oligonucleotide spots. | 1989 | 2536383 |
| [results of infecting experimental animals and monkeys with karshi virus]. | the paper presents the results of a comparative experimental study of pathoginicity of the karshi virus (flaviviridae) isolated from ornithodoros papillipes ticks collected in uzbekistan, for white mice, syrian hamsters and green monkeys using various administration routes. localization and types of lesions (brain, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys) as well as the presence of viruses in blood and body organs are described basing on histological and virusological studies. specific antibodies are foun ... | 1989 | 2540406 |
| flaviviruses can mediate fusion from without in aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures. | flavivirus-induced polykaryocytes were detected in monolayers of aedes albopictus (clone c6/36) mosquito cells as early as 20 min after adsorbing virus to these cells. a high multiplicity of infection with dengue (den)-1, 2, 3, 4, japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses was required to demonstrate fusion from without (ffwo) with these flaviviruses. optimal conditions for ffwo included exposure of adsorbed virus to ph 6.0 and an incubation temperature of 39 degrees c. den-2 monoclonal ant ... | 1989 | 2543161 |
| antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. | the recently established virus family flaviviridae contains at least 68 recognized members. sixty-six of these viruses were tested by cross-neutralization in cell cultures. flaviviruses were separated into eight complexes [tick-borne encephalitis (12 viruses), rio bravo (six), japanese encephalitis (10), tyuleniy (three), ntaya (five), uganda s (four), dengue (four) and modoc (five)] containing 49 viruses; 17 other viruses were not sufficiently related to warrant inclusion in any of these comple ... | 1989 | 2543738 |
| n-terminal domains of putative helicases of flavi- and pestiviruses may be serine proteases. | recently we tentatively identified, by sequence comparison, central domains of the ns3 proteins of flaviviruses and the respective portion of the pestivirus polyprotein as rna helicases (a.e.g. et al., submitted). alignment of the n-proximal domains of the same proteins revealed conservation of short sequence stretches resembling those around the catalytic ser, his and asp residues of chymotrypsin-like proteases. a statistically significant similarity has been detected between the sequences of t ... | 1989 | 2543956 |
| [transmission cycles of arboviruses in madagascar]. | some arboviruses are highly pathogenic for men or animals. arboviruses epidemiological patterns in madagascar were determined by entomological, serological, and virological surveys. we listed potentials arboviruses vectors in madagascar. entomological results generated by us during five years, as well as prior to, are shown. we caught more than 150,000 hematophagous arthropods, belonging to 107 species at least. 3 of these species were new. 4183 inoculation pools were done. we studied serollogic ... | 1989 | 2576622 |