Publications

the expression of human papillomavirus type 18 e6 protein in bacteria and the production of anti-e6 antibodies.	human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) has recently been closely linked with human malignant cervical lesions. the early region of the genome of the related bovine papillomavirus (bpv) has been shown to be important for the production of the transformed phenotype. bpv e6 has been shown to be a transforming protein. we report the primary structure of the hpv-18 e6 open reading frame and its predicted amino acid sequence. both e6 protein and e6-beta-galactosidase fusion protein were synthesized in ...	1986	3018129
detection of human papillomavirus dna by the nucleic acid sandwich hybridization method from cervical scraping.	cervical scrapes collected from 100 consecutive patients participating in a prospective follow-up study for cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections were tested for the presence of hpv 11 dna by the nucleic acid sandwich hybridization method, which allows testing the specimens in a crude form. part of each specimen was processed through phenol extraction and dna purification to a dot blot hybridization assay. the dot blots were serially hybridized with hpv 6, 11, 16, and 18 probes as well ...	1986	3023542
sequences homologous to two separate transforming regions of herpes simplex virus dna are linked in two human genital tumors.	ten human genital invasive squamous cell carcinomas and five human premalignant tissues were analyzed for the presence of selected sets of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) dna sequences. two vulvar tumors and one vulvar dysplastic tissue were found to contain dna sequences homologous to the bglii o fragment (coordinates 0.38-0.42) and the bglii n fragment (coordinates 0.58-0.63) of hsv-2 dna. these two fragments overlap the subsets of hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna sequences (respectively) shown previously t ...	1986	3022470
deceptive vulvar papillomavirus infection. a possible explanation for certain cases of vulvodynia.	use of the colposcope for vulvar and vaginal examination in four cases of long-standing vulvodynia led to the identification of lesions with an unusual appearance. in the vulvar vestibule, epithelial projections resembling cactus, camel humps or stony colonial pavement were observed. in the vagina, the lesions looked more like cerebral folds. biopsies of these lesions showed histopathologic changes diagnostic of human papillomavirus infection, scored according to reid's criteria. in one case, ca ...	1986	3023608
coexistent chlamydial infections related to natural history of human papillomavirus lesions in uterine cervix.	to assess the role of chlamydia trachomatis in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and to evaluate possible synergism between chlamydiae and human papillomavirus (hpv) in this process, 418 women who had been prospectively followed up for cervical hpv infections at our clinic since 1981 were tested for chlamydiae. at each visit the patients were examined by colposcopy, and other investigations, such as papanicolaou (pap) smears, punch biopsies, urethral, and cervical swabs ...	1986	3021608
colposcopy in assessment of the natural history of prospectively followed-up human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions in the uterine cervix.	as a part of the long-term prospective follow-up study conducted in our clinic since 1981 for women with cervical hpv (human papillomavirus) infections (either with or without cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, hpv-cin and hpv-ncin, respectively) the colposcopic data on 292 consecutive patients with a mean follow-up of 16 months are reported. the results are based on 786 colposcopies performed at 6-month intervals according to conventional methods. colposcopic findings are categorized into one ...	1986	3022539
genital tract papillomavirus type 6 in recurrent conjunctival papilloma.	an infant boy born of a mother who had condylomata (genital warts) during pregnancy and at delivery developed recurrent conjunctival papillomas and papillomas on the soft palate and the false vocal cords. a conjunctival lesion was first noticed by the mother when the infant was 4 months old and was excised and histologically diagnosed as a papilloma when he was 11 months old. the dna sequences of genital tract human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) were identified in conjunctival papilloma tissue b ...	1986	3024608
time trends in prevalence of cervical cytological abnormality in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and their relationship to trends in sexual activity and specific infections.	trends in prevalence of cytological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and cervical infection with human papilloma virus (hpv), as indicated by hpv infection and dyskeratosis, were studied in 2,992 new attenders at a sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic between 1978 and 1982. crude prevalence of cin increased from 1.3% to 4.3% (p less than 0.001) and crude prevalence of hpv infection increased from 2.8% to 9.3% (p less than 0.001). age adjustment had little effect on thes ...	1986	3022781
rat embryo fibroblast cells expressing human papillomavirus 1a genes exhibit altered growth properties and tumorigenicity.	human papillomavirus 1a (hpv1a) induces benign tumors (papillomas or warts) in humans under natural conditions of infection but has not been found to replicate significantly in cell culture or in experimental animals. to establish model systems to study the oncogenic properties and expression of hpv genes, we established cell lines by cotransfecting the 3y1 rat fibroblast cell line with hpv1a dna constructs containing an intact early gene region and the tn5 neomycin resistance gene. most cell li ...	1986	3023676
the frequency of papillomavirus infection in cervical precancerous lesions in japan: an immunoperoxidase study.	in order to establish the frequency of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in cervical precancerous lesions of japanese patients, cervical materials routinely biopsied in the past year were examined immunohistochemically for the papillomavirus genus-specific antigen. of a total of 832 cervical biopsy specimens, 46 (5.5%) were immunohistochemically positive for hpv. in this study, 206 patients were diagnosed as having dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (cis), and hpv antigen was found in 15% of thes ...	1986	3021698
human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix of women without cytological signs of neoplasia.	one hundred and six patients were studied whose cervical smears showed only non-specific inflammatory changes. screening for genital pathogens yielded only a few positive cases. histological examination of biopsy specimens taken by colposcopically directed tissue sampling showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 13 of the women (12.3%). deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridisation techniques were used to detect human papillomavirus, which was found in 24 patients (22.6%). in a second group of 1 ...	1986	3022864
different human cervical carcinoma cell lines show similar transcription patterns of human papillomavirus type 18 early genes.	transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) dna in the human cervical carcinoma cell lines hela, c4-1 and sw756 was studied by nucleotide sequence analysis of hpv18-positive cdna clones isolated from a hela, c4-1 and sw756 cdna library, respectively, and the cdna sequences were used to predict the potential encoded proteins. the cdna clones from all three cell lines were found to be derived from virus-cell fusion transcripts in which 3'-terminal host cell sequences (different for each ...	1986	3023067
genital tract papillomavirus infection in children.	genital tract papillomas in five children were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by molecular hybridization. papillomavirus dna was detected in each sample and was identified as hpv-6 (three cases), hpv-6 or hpv-11 (one case), or hpv-16 (one case). these viruses are the same as are responsible for genital papillomas (condylomata) of adults. the transmission of adult genital tract viruses to children occurs primarily by a venereal route but may occur by a nonvenereal rou ...	1986	3021069
the type of human papillomavirus present in cervical infections can be determined by the occurrence of specific marker proteins.	four different proteins have been identified on high resolution two dimensional gels of [35s] methionine labelled human cervical biopsies whose expression correlates with the presence of papillomavirus. they are all basic proteins having molecular weights in the region of 48 to 50 kd and are normally expressed individually in different lesions unless the lesion results from a co-infection of two virus types. comparison of the occurrence of these marker proteins with the actual hpv type present, ...	1986	3024849
immunocytochemical localization of human papilloma virus and cytomorphologic correlation in smears and biopsies of cervical flat condylomata.	the cytomorphologic features in cervical biopsies and smears associated with human papilloma virus antigen (ag) expression as demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining techniques are presented. there was good concordance between cytology and biopsy results with respect to immunoperoxidase staining for human papilloma virus ag. cytomorphologic scoring of low-grade lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, grades o and i) showed atypical mitoses, macronucleated koilocytes, superficial cell ker ...	1986	3024936
carbon dioxide laser vaporization of cervical subclinical papillomaviral infection and intraepithelial neoplasia: short-term effectiveness.	134 patients with biopsy-proved cervical subclinical papillomaviral infection (spi) (the so-called 'flat condylomas'), or with associated intraepithelial neoplasia (also called 'atypical condyloma' or 'cin with features of condyloma'), or with isolated, apparently 'non-warty' intraepithelial neoplasia were treated by means of the carbon dioxide laser between july, 1982, and january, 1985, following a planned approach and on an outpatient clinic basis, without the use of anesthesia or analgesia. ...	1986	3028881
in situ hybridization detection of human papillomavirus dnas and messenger rnas in genital condylomas and a cervical carcinoma.	routinely processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from anogenital condyloma acuminatum and an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were examined by in situ hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dnas and messenger rnas. asymmetric, single-stranded, tritium-labeled rna probes for both the coding and the nonsense strands of hpvs 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31 were hybridized and washed under stringent conditions and detected by autoradiography. type-specific hpv ...	1986	3025074
an improved in situ dna hybridization protocol for detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences in paraffin-embedded biopsies.	in situ dna hybridization is becoming rapidly an important technique for detection and typing of human papillomaviruses (hpv) in epithelial lesions, some of which (those due to hpv 16, 18 and 31) seem to possess an increased risk for progression into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. an improved in situ dna hybridization technique (technique ii) was described, and the results obtained in a series of cervical and penile hpv lesions were compared with those given by the in situ hybridization te ...	1986	3025241
detection of human papillomavirus dna in oral mucosal lesions using in situ dna-hybridization applied on paraffin sections.	the in situ dna hybridization technique, carried out under stringent conditions, was used to detect human papillomavirus (hpv) dna of types 6, 11, and 16 in paraffin sections of 32 surgically treated oral mucosal lesions. expression of hpv structural proteins was analyzed by means of the immunoperoxidase (ip-pap) method. a total of 10 (31.3%) of the 32 lesions proved to express hpv antigens, which were found in 4 of 7 squamous cell papillomas, in 2 of 2 classic condylomas, in 2 of 10 papillary h ...	1986	3025793
local immunoreactivity and human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral precancer and cancer lesions.	a retrospective longitudinal study was performed on 20 patients with oral leukoplakia, 10 of which developed an oral squamous cell carcinoma, to assess whether any alterations in the local immunologic reactivity could be found of value in predicting the subsequent behavior of the lesions. during the major period of follow-up, the relative frequency of in situ iga-producing plasma cells was significantly higher in biopsies from patients subsequently developing cancer than in patients showing no c ...	1986	3026028
human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients.	one hundred and twenty renal transplant recipients were investigated. fifty-eight (48%) were found to have warts, 13 (11%) keratoses and six (5%) to have, or recently to have had cancers. the longer the time of immunosuppression, the greater the prevalence of warts; of those patients who had had their transplant for at least 5 years, 87% had warts. those with a graft survival time of 10 years or more are at special risk of warts, keratoses and malignancy. five (10%) of 50 women had genital warts ...	1986	3026431
detection of human papillomavirus in epithelial cells of uterine cervix-frequency of types 16 and 18 hpv. preliminary results of a clinical cytological and virological study.		1986	3026741
human papillomavirus dna detected in squamous-cell carcinoma tissue of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.		1986	3028285
a novel type of human papillomavirus associated with genital neoplasias.	the role of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in the development of genital neoplasias has been well documented. the genomes of two hpv types, hpv16 and hpv18, have been found to be associated with about 70% of invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix. as, under non-stringent hybridization conditions, hpv dna sequences have been detected in about 90% of cervical carcinomas, it seems likely that additional hpv types are associated with these tumours. here we report the molecular cloning and characte ...	1986	3012352
persistence and expression of human papillomavirus dna in genital cancer.	there is mounting evidence that certain types of human papillomaviruses (hpv types 16 and 18) are associated with human genital cancer. other virus types, such as hpv-6 or hpv-11, are more regularly found in benign genital warts. since all viruses can be present in putative precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix (dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) it has been postulated that individual hpv types have different 'oncogenic potential'. the molecular basis for this difference is not ...	1986	3013522
[clinical significance of human papilloma virus (hpv) infections of the lower genital tract].	using filter in situ hybridisation for hpv-dna detection we found among 217 women with positive cervical cytology a positive result in 152 cases (70%). the distribution of the different hpv types showed an association of hpv 6/11 mainly with benign lesions and of hpv 16/18 with obligatory precancer and invasive cervical cancer. in 2652 swabs of cytologically negative patients hpv-dna was identified in 9.5%. the infection rate for hpv 16/18 in pregnant women was 6.4% against 2.3% in nonpregnant w ...	1986	3013712
evaluation of urinary cytology of male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection.	condylomas of the genital tract can be found in 70% of patients who have cytologic evidence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection or mild epithelial dysplasia (cin i). most male sexual partners of women with overt or subclinical hpv infections have no visible condylomas. presently, there is no therapy for subclinically infected male partners. a screening test capable of detecting such hpv infections in males would be of value should effective therapy be discovered. fifty-four men who were the ...	1986	3013733
peroxidase-antiperoxidase evaluation of human oral squamous cell papillomas.	in human beings, the viral origin of condylomatous lesions of the mouth and cervix, multiple papillomas, and verruca vulgaris of the larynx has been established. the viral origin of papillomatosis in rabbits and dogs has also been documented. the literature, however, shows no conclusive evidence of a viral origin of human oral squamous cell papillomas (scp). the purpose of this study was to use the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining technique to determine whether human papillomavirus (hpv) ...	1986	3014421
transcription of human papillomavirus type 16 early genes in a cervical cancer and a cancer-derived cell line and identification of the e7 protein.	human papillomavirus type 16 dna and rna were characterized in the cervical cancer-derived caski cell line, which contains only integrated dna, and in a cervical cancer, which contains predominantly plasmid dna. in both, a major rna can code for the early open reading frame e7 and a minor one can code for e6. the cervical cancer, but not the caski cell line, contains a minor rna that can code for an intact e2 protein, and this may relate to the continued presence of plasmid dna. the rna mapping ...	1986	3014503
natural killer (nk) cells with hnk-1 phenotype in the cervical biopsies of women followed-up for human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions.	local immunocompetent cell infiltrates in 263 cervical punch biopsies of women followed-up since 1981 (16 +/- 14 months, m +/- sd) for an established human papillomavirus (hpv) lesion with or without concomitant cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin) were analysed for presence of human natural killer (nk) cells, defined by the monoclonal antibody hnk-1 (leu-7) using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (abc) technique. hnk-1+ cells remained at a constant low level (1.8 to 3.0% of the cells) i ...	1986	3014803
papillomavirus dna in warts of immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients.	renal allograft recipients were shown to have an increased incidence of warts and skin cancers. we examined 148 patients for evidence of wart virus infections and tested for papillomavirus types, which are known to be associated with human malignancies. of the 148, 36 (24.3%) patients were afflicted with warts at the end of our study period, in contrast to 5 of 148 (3.3%) before transplantation. dna from 16 different biopsies was extracted by phenol treatment for further virological studies. dna ...	1986	3015050
demonstration of human papillomavirus dna in two keratoacanthomas.		1986	3015051
human papilloma virus and cervical cancer.		1986	3012295
dna sequences of human papillomavirus types 11, 16, and 18 in lesions of the uterine cervix in the west of scotland.	punch biopsy specimens of the cervix were examined both histologically and for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences. the presence of hpv dna sequences was sought with the southern blot technique using radioactively labelled hpv-6, 11, 16, and 18 dna probes, both together and separately. twenty six biopsy specimens were examined. histological examination showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 in 16 specimens, viral changes (koilocytosis) in four, and inflammati ...	1986	3015316
immunohistologic analysis of the phenomenon of spontaneous regression of numerous flat warts.	among various tumors induced by human papilloma virus (hpv), flat warts are unique in that they show a systemic regression phenomenon after sudden occurrence of inflammation in all the tumors, leaving permanent immunity to flat warts in the host. when studied immunohistochemically, the presence of hpv antigen using papilloma virus genus-specific antiserum in 31 cases of regressing flat warts was not found; whereas it was demonstrated in the nuclei of upper epidermal cells of ordinary flat warts ...	1986	3017534
epidermodysplasia verruciformis associated with type ii human papilloma virus.		1986	3009778
human papillomaviruses in buschke-löwenstein tumors: physical state of the dna and identification of a tandem duplication in the noncoding region of a human papillomavirus 6 subtype.	six buschke-löwenstein tumors, i.e., highly differentiated squamous cell tumors of the genital region, were shown to contain human papillomavirus 6 (hpv 6) or hpv 11 genomes. the viral dna was found in an episomal state, including a very small fraction of circular oligomers. hpv 6a and hpv 6d genomes were cloned from two of the tumors. comparison with hpv 6b, cloned from a benign genital wart (e. -m. de villiers, l. gissmann, and h. zur hausen, j. virol. 40:932-935, 1981) by restriction mapping ...	1986	3009899
butcher's wart virus (hpv 7) infections in non-butchers.	the analysis of a total of 654 benign and malignant lesions of the skin, genitalia, lungs and bronchi, intestine, kidneys, bladder, mammae, and of the head and neck region, resulted in the identification of human papilloma virus 7 (hpv 7) infections in 3 individuals. one of these was an ordinary "butcher's wart," whereas the other 2 patients have never been involved in meat-handling or farming. one of the latter revealed extensive verrucosis of hands, feet, axilla, neck, and face, persisting for ...	1986	3016103
human papillomavirus dna replication mediated by simian virus 40 t antigen in trans.	the putative e1 gene product of papillomaviruses is thought to be involved in the initiation of viral replication, as large-t antigen (t antigen) is in the case of polyomaviruses. mouse cell lines cloned after transformation by a plasmid consisting of the simian virus 40 (sv40) early region and the complete genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) maintained episomal plasmid dna. in contrast, the dnas of either sv40 or hpv16, when employed separately in transfection experiments, were consi ...	1986	3016153
human papillomavirus and lower genital neoplasia in renal transplant patients.	lower genital cytopathology was evaluated in 105 immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. evidence of human papillomavirus infection was found in 17.5% and of lower genital neoplasia in 9.5%. the rate of the virus infection in the immunosuppressed was nine times greater than in a general population and 17 times greater than in a matched immunocompetent population. the rate of cervical neoplasia was 16 times greater than in a general population and nine times greater than in a matched immuno ...	1986	3016625
human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences demonstrated by in situ dna hybridization in serial paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies.	an in situ dna hybridization technique was used to identify various types of human papillomavirus (hpv) in paraffin sections of serial punch biopsies taken from 64 patients having colposcopy because of abnormal smears. there women were in fact 64 consecutive patients out of 505 attending our clinic (at 6-month intervals) since 1981 for hpv infections. hpv 6 dna sequences were found in 20%, hpv 11 in 17%, hpv 16 in 8% and hpv 18 in 5% of the 64 biopsies analysed with this method so far. more than ...	1986	3017243
detection of human papillomavirus dna in genital warts, cervical dysplasias and neoplasias.	biopsies from human genital lesions in japan (108 samples), including condyloma acuminata, squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, and cervical cancer, were screened for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6-, 11-, 16-, and 18-related dnas by spot hybridization and southern blot hybridization under stringent conditions. by spot hybridization, hpv 6/11-related dna was found in 92.9% (13/14) of condyloma acuminata and in 6.7% (1/15) of cervical cancer biopsies. hpv 16/18-related dna was found in 37 ...	1986	3015831
human papilloma virus in condyloma acuminata of the anus.		1986	3018051
[pathological and clinical observations on precancerous lesions of the vulva].	the vulvar epithelial lesions which have been subjected to histological examinations in nagasaki university hospital (1965-1985) and its 5 affiliated hospitals (1975-1985) included 133 cases in vulvar dystrophies, 72 in other benign lesions, 18 in squamous cell carcinoma in situ, 10 in vulvar paget's disease, and 59 in invasive carcinoma. these lesions were studied pathologically and endocrinologically, and the pathogenesis of vulvar carcinoma and whose clinical problems were discussed. serum ho ...	1986	3018106
human papilloma virus and cervical cancer.		1986	3018462
human papillomavirus and cervical disease in a mexican-american community.		1986	3018950
human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia.		1986	3018951
human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of cervical lesions detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.	ten cases of cervical dysplasia, 13 cases of carcinoma in situ, nine cases of invasive carcinoma, and six cases of normal tissue were investigated for the presence of papillomavirus group-specific antigens and for viral dna. viral proteins were identified with genus-specific papillomavirus antibodies. cloned hpv 6, 11, and 16 dna labeled with 3h were used for in situ hybridization followed by autoradiographic detection of hybridized probes. in cervical dysplasias, five of ten samples were positi ...	1986	3017555
detection of human papillomavirus type 16 dna and evidence for integration into the cell dna in cervical dysplasia.	the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 dna in biopsies from precancerous lesions and from early lesions of human cervical cancer, and the integration of virus dna into host cell dna were analysed by dot blot and southern blot hybridizations. hpv 16 dna was detected in 23% of mild dysplasias, 32% of moderate dysplasias, 55% of severe dysplasias and 62% of carcinomas in situ by dot blot hybridization. digestion of the dna with restriction enzymes psti and bamhi followed by southern blo ...	1986	3018133
human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix.	this report describes the detection of human papillomavirus type 16 or 18 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in nine of 15 invasive tumors of the cervix, including three squamous carcinomas, four adenosquamous carcinomas, one glassy cell carcinoma, and one adenocarcinoma. the viral dna was identified by southern blotting and dna hybridization. human papillomaviruses may play an etiologic role in the development of at least some adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas as well as most squamous tumor ...	1986	3016624
immunobiology of human papillomavirus infection.		1986	3018839
immunohistochemical and electron microscopic demonstration of human papillomavirus in dysplasia of the uterine cervix.	twenty-five cases of dysplasia of the uterine cervix were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) by means of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. serial sections of the same histological specimen were examined in each case. hpv was detected in 14 cases by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, while 10 cases were negative with both methods. in only one case, there was a discrepancy in the results derived from these two methods. it was concluded tha ...	1986	3018963
herpes simplex virus and human papilloma virus in the development of cervical carcinoma.		1986	3019599
differential regulation of papilloma virus early gene expression in transformed fibroblasts and carcinoma cell lines.	treatment of bovine papilloma virus (bpv) 1-transformed mouse fibroblasts with cycloheximide led to a 10-fold increase in the amount of viral transcripts, after as little as 1 h of protein synthesis inhibition. northern blots revealed no qualitative changes in the rna pattern. nuclear run-on experiments showed about a 7-fold increase in specific transcriptional activity after cycloheximide treatment. the half-life of bpv1 mrna was twice as long as in untreated controls. these results indicate th ...	1986	3019673
human papillomavirus in clinically and histologically normal tissue of patients with genital cancer.	to study the association of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) with genital cancer, we collected specimens of cervical, vulvar, endometrial, and vaginal tumors at the time of operation in patients with cancer. in some patients, matched internal-control (histologically normal) tissue was also collected. dna extracted from the tissue was probed with radiolabeled hpv type 16 dna, hpv type 18 dna, and cloned fragments of hsv type 2 dna. hybridization to the hindiiia clone of h ...	1986	3020404
electron microscopy in assessment of the biological behavior of human papillomavirus infections in the uterine cervix.	to asses the natural history of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in uterine cervix, currently implicated in etiology of cervical cancer, a prospective follow-up study has been conducted for 418 women at our clinic since 1981. the present communication summarized the current follow-up data of these patients, with special emphasis on detection of the virus in cervical punch biopsies, as correlated with other characteristics pertinent to the clinical behavior of cervical hpv infections. on eac ...	1986	3020455
human papillomavirus type 16 dna-induced malignant transformation of nih 3t3 cells.	a biological function for human papillomavirus 16 (hpv 16) dna was demonstrated by transformation of nih 3t3 cells. hpv 16 dna has been found frequently in genital cancer and has been classified as a papillomavirus on the basis of dna homology. a recombinant hpv 16 dna (pshpv16d), which contains a head-to-tail dimer of the full-length hpv 16 genome, induced morphologic transformation; the transformed cells were tumorigenic in nude mice. expression of transforming activity was unique because of t ...	1986	3003388
characterization of a new type of human papillomavirus found in a lesion of bowen's disease of the skin.	the genome of a human papillomavirus (hpv) found in a patient with bowen's disease of the skin was molecularly cloned. blot hybridization experiments, performed under stringent conditions, revealed no cross-hybridization between this hpv dna and the other known hpv dnas, showing that this hpv represents a new type, tentatively named hpv34. in relaxed hybridization conditions, the highest cross-hybridization was observed with hpv16 dna. the physical map of hpv34 dna was aligned with the genetic m ...	1986	3003400
molecular cloning of two new hpv types (hpv 37 and hpv 38) from a keratoacanthoma and a malignant melanoma.	several benign and malignant skin tumors were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. by hybridization with different hpv dna probes under non-stringent conditions (tm -40 degrees c), two tumors were found to contain hpv-specific dna sequences in high copy numbers: (1) a keratoacanthoma from a patient who also suffered from a basalioma; (2) a superficial spreading malignant melanoma of an immunosuppressed patient. for further analysis of these dna sequences genomic libraries ...	1986	3007371
human papilloma virus and cervical cancer.		1986	3003546
verrucous carcinoma of the vulva associated with an unusual type 6 human papillomavirus.	an unusually rapid growing vulvar verrucous carcinoma found associated with human papillomavirus type 6 is described. both human papillomavirus structural antigens and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequences were detected in the tumor biopsy. the human papillomavirus genome was isolated and compared with the genome of human papillomavirus type 6b, which was cloned from an anogenital wart. the two genomes were extremely homologous in genomic organization and dna sequence, except for a region on the ...	1986	3003640
bilateral and synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in a patient with uterus didelphys.	reported herein is the case of a 30-year-old white woman who had a congenitally double uterus with two cervixes (uterus didelphys). each cervix was diffusely involved by squamous cell carcinoma in situ that had progressed to a microinvasive stage of the same depth (0.8 mm) on each side. this coincidence was the more remarkable because it had taken place synchronously. a transmissible coital factor of a viral nature, ie, human papillomavirus infection, was suggested by the presence of koilocytoti ...	1986	3003641
genital condylomas in immunosuppressed women: a therapeutic challenge.	of 30 immunosuppressed women with genital condylomas, 20 (67%) had associated neoplasia of the lower genital tract. we retrospectively studied 11 patients with flat condylomas confined to the cervix; all lesions were eradicated by conventional therapy. three patients studied retrospectively and 16 studied prospectively had condylomatous lesions involving several sites within the lower genital tract. these lesions were unusually resistant to various treatment methods. maintenance therapy with 5-f ...	1986	3003926
molecular cloning and characterization of human papillomavirus type 7 dna.	human papillomavirus type 7 (hpv-7) was first described in 1981 but so far could not be molecularly cloned. it has been found almost exclusively in hand warts of butchers. we have cloned the complete genome in pbr 322, established its physical map, demonstrated the colinear genome organization with hpv-18 and analyzed the degree of homology with other hpv types and bovine papillomavirus (bpv) types. in order to investigate whether hpv-7 might be a so far unidentified bovine virus, we screened 37 ...	1986	3004029
human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervical carcinoma from primary and metastatic sites.	tissue from 13 cervical cancers and pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes from the same patient were evaluated by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization with a human papillomavirus type 16 deoxyribonucleic acid probe for the presence of human papillomavirus-related deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. twelve of the primary malignancies were squamous cancers and one was an adenocarcinoma. eight of the primary tumors contained human papillomavirus type 16 deoxyribonucleic acid sequences, and five contained v ...	1986	3004214
presence of human papillomavirus type 16 related sequences in verrucous carcinoma of the larynx.	verrucous carcinoma of the larynx clinically resembles laryngeal papilloma in that both are wart-like masses on the vocal cords and may be characterized by multifocality and recurrence. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is an etiological factor in laryngeal papilloma, and recent evidence implicates hpv in squamous neoplasias. to determine whether hpv is also associated with verrucous carcinoma of the larynx, we analyzed tissue specimens from six patients with verrucous carcinoma of the larynx ...	1986	3004723
human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia: epidemiological considerations.	recent clinical research using new diagnostic and laboratory techniques indicates that human papillomavirus (hpv) infection may play a key role in the development of cervical neoplasia. cervical hpv infection is found in 1-3% of routine papanicolaou smears, and preliminary data suggest that women with cervical hpv infection have about a tenfold greater risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) compared with those with no hpv infection. this paper discusses how epidemiological s ...	1986	3007381
presence of human papillomavirus type-16 and type-18 dna sequences and their expression in cervical cancers and cell lines from japanese patients.	southern blot analyses of surgical specimens of cervical carcinoma from japanese patients showed that 3/9 samples contained human papillomavirus (hpv) type-16 dna sequences, and 2 contained hpv type-18 dna sequences. by northern blot analyses, rna transcripts of hpv dna sequences were demonstrated in some of the tissues containing hpv type-16 or hpv type-18 dna sequences. two cell lines established from cervical cancers of japanese patients also contained hpv type-18 genomes and these cell lines ...	1986	3007370
bowenoid papulosis. a clinicopathologic study with ultrastructural observations.	one hundred eight patients were studied who had anogenital lesions showing microscopic features as seen in bowenoid papulosis (bp), a recently described condition occurring most commonly in young adults. patients typically show multiple papules, small nodules, or plaques that clinically mimic verrucae or nevocellular nevi. although the lesions show microscopic cytologic atypia, a distinction from bowen's disease, erythroplasia of queyrat, and other forms of carcinoma in situ can usually be made ...	1986	3002589
human papilloma virus and the gynecologist.		1986	3002915
bowenoid papulosis of the male and female genitalia: risk of cervical neoplasia.	sixteen patients with bowenoid papulosis (eleven male patients with bowenoid papulosis of the penis and five female patients with bowenoid papulosis of the vulva) were studied clinically, histologically, and virologically and followed up from 12 months to 5 years. in eleven of sixteen cases of bowenoid papulosis, molecular hybridization disclosed the presence of human papillomavirus type 16. in four cases we found new, not fully characterized human papillomavirus, and in two cases, we found both ...	1986	3007587
isolation and characterization of a novel human papillomavirus type 6 dna from an invasive vulvar carcinoma.	human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) dna was detected in a rapidly growing vulvar verrucous carcinoma and two recurrent tumor samples. the viral dna (hpv-6vc) was molecularly cloned and found to have a high degree of dna sequence homology to hpv-6b dna. comparison of restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns between hpv-6b and hpv-6vc genomes and dna sequencing analysis demonstrated an additional 106 bases in the hpv-6vc genome. these additional nucleotides were located in the noncoding region o ...	1986	3001357
human papillomavirus (hpv) infections of the female genital tract and their associations with intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.	human papillomaviruses (hpv) consist of a heterogenic group of viruses (32 different hpv types currently recognized) known to induce a variety of squamous cell tumors (papillomas and warts) in the skin, and on mucous membranes of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. the most familiar hpv manifestation in the genital tract is the venereal wart (condyloma acuminatum) recognized since antiquity, and shown to be a sexually transmitted disease (std). in 1976, two other morphologic ...	1986	3001622
molecular cloning and characterization of the dna of a new human papillomavirus (hpv 30) from a laryngeal carcinoma.	dna from a human laryngeal carcinoma was molecularly cloned in lambda l47. the gene library was screened for human papillomavirus (hpv)-related sequences by hybridization analysis with 32p-labelled hpv 16 dna at conditions of low stringency (tm -40 degrees c). one of the clones (4-5) with an insert of 7.8 kb showed cross-hybridization with most of the known hpv types (tm -40 degrees c), and with several of them even under more stringent conditions (tm -30 degrees c). no signal was detected under ...	1986	3000955
detection of viral dna and rna by in situ hybridization.	using cloned restriction endonuclease fragments of herpes simplex virus (hsv), human papillomavirus (hpv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) dna as probes, viral dna and rna sequences have been detected in human tissues. the probes were labeled either with a radioactive isotope, for subsequent detection by autoradiography, or with biotin. this latter technique has been successfully used to visualize hpv dna in tissues that have been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin, and is therefore of value i ...	1986	3001177
human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in carcinomas of the penis from brazil.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type-16 dna sequences were found in 26/53 (49%) and hpv type-18 in 5/53 (9%) of penile cancers. in only one specimen was hpv18 found on its own. hpv16 sequences were integrated into the host cell chromosomes although some monomeric and oligomeric free forms of dna were detected in a few tissues. hpv18 was, as far as detectable, free and unintegrated in all tissues tested. hpv16 dna was also detected in 40% of cases of carcinoma of the cervix in 19 women from the same s ...	1986	3000954
squamous carcinoma of the anus in young homosexual men with t helper cell depletion.	two cases of squamous carcinoma of the anus in white homosexual men aged 36 and 47 years are reported, each with a short history of rapidly enlarging perianal lesions. immunological studies showed that both men had pronounced t helper lymphocyte depletion, and antibody to human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) was detected in both patients. in addition one patient had a long history of wart virus infection of the anal canal. the diminished cellular immunity associated with htlv-iii ...	1986	2950044
association between anorectal dysplasia, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection in homosexual men.	cells from the anorectal mucosa of 61 homosexual men were examined microscopically for evidence of papillomavirus infection and dysplastic changes. there was cytological evidence of dysplasia with concomitant features of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection on at least one occasion in 24 men and of papillomavirus infection without dysplasia on at least one occasion in a further 26: dysplasia was present for over one year in 9 of 14 men who were re-examined. dysplasia was associated with a histor ...	1986	2876137
failure of etretinate in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.	in a patient suffering from benign lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis due to human papillomavirus type 5 little clinical improvement could be observed after 6 months of oral etretinate. the drug was given 75 mg/day for 1 month before dosage was reduced to 50 mg/day. control biopsy after 3 months of treatment still revealed large quantities of virions and typical cytopathic effects in light and electron microscopic examination.	1986	3792602
risk factors for condyloma acuminatum in women.	we interviewed 49 women who had a history of condyloma acuminatum and 196 age-matched controls. for women who had ever smoked, the risk of developing condyloma was 3.7 times that of women who had never smoked (95% confidence interval, 1.8-7.6). the relative risk associated with long-term use (five or more years) of oral contraceptives was 9.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-65.6). condyloma acuminatum is caused by infection with human papilloma virus (hpv), usually types 6 or 11. infection with hp ...	1986	3952595
the association between vulvar condylomata acuminata, cervical wart virus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	vulvar condylomata acuminata are the commonest clinical expression of human papilloma virus infection of the female genital tract. various epidemiological factors were examined in a group of patients with vulvar warts in whom the incidence of biopsy proven human papilloma virus infection of the cervix was 39.7% and the incidence of biopsy proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was increased significantly (16.2%).	1986	3464255
squamous papilloma of the esophagus diagnosed by cytology. report of a case with concurrent occult epidermoid carcinoma.	esophageal material for cytologic smears was obtained by the gel-foam technique from an 84-year-old man with dysphagia and symptoms of obstruction in whom initial attempts at endoscopic biopsy were nondiagnostic. the smears contained cells with koilocytotic atypia, similar to those described in smears from uterine cervix lesions produced by human papilloma virus. the cytologic diagnosis of an esophageal papilloma of viral origin was confirmed by the second biopsy. a third biopsy, from a lower le ...	1986	3465138
evaluation of male consorts of women with genital human papilloma virus infection.	ninety male partners of women with genital condylomata were evaluated for evidence of condylomata by visual examination of the genitalia with the colposcope, urethroscopy, and biopsy. fifty-three men (59%) were found initially to have condylomata and nine other cases were found on reevaluation for a total prevalence of 69%. thorough evaluation with the use of acetic acid, magnification and liberal use of biopsy is stressed. urethroscopy may not be a necessary part of the routine screening evalua ...	1986	3763084
masking effect of hormonal contraceptives on discriminating quantitative features of visually normal intermediate cells in positive and negative cervical smears.	in quantitative studies of visually normal intermediate cells in smears from patients with cervical neoplasia, the contraceptive status of the patients has not previously been taken into account. in this study cervical smears from 151 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) iii or invasive carcinoma and from 360 normal controls were grouped according to week of menstrual or pill cycle and mode of hormonal contraception. the nuclear-cytoplasmic (n/c) ratio of visually normal interm ...	1986	3778614
many oncogenes are transcribed in the d98ah2 derivative of the hela carcinoma cell line.	as a first step in an ongoing study on the correlation of oncogene expression and tumorigenicity in hybrids made by fusing d98ah2 (d98) carcinoma cells with normal diploid human fibroblasts, we determined which oncogenes are expressed in the d98 cells. northern blot determinations of the rna levels of 21 oncogenes revealed moderate to abundant transcripts of 13 oncogenes. the remaining eight oncogenes for which no rna was found normally show a very restricted pattern of expression among cell typ ...	1986	3780321
systemic treatment of condylomata acuminata with recombinant interferon-alpha-2a: low-dose superior to the high-dose regimen.	fourteen patients with chronic genital warts were entered in a pair-matched crossover trial of recombinant interferon-alpha-2a. they received daily doses of either 1.5 x 10(6) u or 18 x 10(6) u interferon for one week by the subcutaneous route (abdominal skin). after an observation period of 4 weeks in case of no change or partial response, patients of the low-dose group were given 18 x 10(6) u and those of the high-dose group 3 x 10(6) u daily for another 7 days. eight of 14 patients had a comp ...	1986	3802956
prophylactic topical 5-fluorouracil following treatment of human papillomavirus-associated lesions of the vulva and vagina.	ninety patients were studied in a controlled, randomized fashion to evaluate the effectiveness of topical 5-fluorouracil in reducing the recurrence rate of human papillomavirus-associated lesions of the vulva and vagina. following complete ablation of the lesions by one or more treatment modalities, 45 patients applied a single dose of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream biweekly to the vagina and/or vulva for at least six months. forty-five patients used no prophylactic 5-fluorouracil cream. patients in bo ...	1986	3785797
a transmission model for aids.	mathematical and computer-simulation models of sexually transmitted diseases, which have been used to study gonorrhoea and human papilloma virus transmissions, are applied to the study of aids. the problems of adapting the general model to the new problem, within already established principles, are described; and solutions offered. the objective is to predict equilibrium levels for the prevalence and incidence of htlv-iii infection in the u.k. within the uncertainties of the available informatio ...	1986	3792516
the pathology of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma.	squamous cell carcinoma is far more common than verrucous carcinoma in the vulva. the clinical and morphologic distinctions between these neoplasms are important to understand because of their contrasting biologic behavior and treatment. both cancers present with symptoms of pruritus and a noticeable mass. on examination, both tumors commonly occur on the labia and are exophytic. if infection occurs in association with verrucous carcinoma, the resulting induration of the surrounding tissue as we ...	1986	3748617
cytologic detection of condylomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation.	human papillomavirus (hpv) has been implicated as an important etiologic factor in cervical carcinoma. this study evaluates the efficacy of cytology as a screening tool in the detection of cervical lesions with koilocytotic features. cervical smears and biopsy specimens from 76 women seen between january 1983 and october 1985 were reviewed. the histologic categories consisted of koilocytotic lesions (flat condylomas) with minimal cellular atypia, cin i, ii, iii, with surface koilocytes showing c ...	1986	3756823
oral contraceptives and cervical neoplasia: pooled information from retrospective and prospective epidemiologic studies.	a positive association between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of cervical neoplasia has been suggested by different sources. this paper examines epidemiologic evidence on this issue through pooled computation of relative risks emerging from 21 studies, subdivided into three main categories: studies based on routine cytologic screening programs, case-control investigations and prospective studies. the pooled estimates of the relative risks for ever vs never use of oral contraceptives ...	1986	3513407
quantitative assessment of langerhans' cells in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and wart virus infection.	langerhans' cell density was assessed quantitatively in cervical wart virus infection (cervical condyloma), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and koilocytic dysplasia with use of an antibody to s100 protein and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. when compared with normal ectocervix, langerhans' cell density was significantly decreased in cervical wart virus infection and significantly increased in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. in koilocytic dysplasia, intermediate langerhans' cell d ...	1986	3513580
[etiology of cancer of the cervix uteri. an account of 150 years' research].	one hundred and fifty years ago, a descriptive study showed that marriage was a risk factor in cervical carcinoma. more recent analytical epidemiological studies have shown that this carcinoma was a sexually transmitted disease. great strides in molecular biology have made it possible to assign to some human papillomavirus form a strong aetiological role in the disease.	1986	3517123
the treatment of warts.	warts are caused by the human papillomavirus and produce a variety of clinical manifestations, depending on the viral type and the site of the lesion. in this article, the pathophysiology of warts is reviewed briefly, and options for treatment, including liquid nitrogen, dinitrochlorobenzene, bleomycin, podophyllin, duofilm, and surgical excision, are examined. several case studies are also presented.	1986	3538084
in vitro models for studying the molecular biology of carcinogenesis.	although carcinogens cause various similar deleterious effects on rodent and human cells, only rodent cells can convert to malignancy in a quantitative, predictable fashion. therefore, the control mechanisms involving indefinite proliferation and tumorigenicity are different. human cell lines may exhibit normal or aneuploid chromosome constitutions with numerical or structural alterations frequently involving proto-oncogene loci, but fail to produce progressively growing tumors in nude mice. a n ...	1986	3544164
treatment of recurrent squamous papillomata of the conjunctiva by carbon dioxide laser vaporization.	complete resection of recurrent conjunctival squamous papillomata frequently may be exceedingly difficult, since such lesions are typically friable and multilobulated. recurrent lesions often fill the fornicies and spill onto the lid margins. moreover, since the human papillomavirus (hpv) has been linked to some of these lesions, there remains the further possibility of spread with "cold knife" resection. we discuss the benefits of carbon dioxide laser vaporization therapy for recurrent squamous ...	1986	3093950
epidemiologic aspects of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (l-l 1922) in japan.	a survey of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), a skin disease caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), was made by means of a questionnaire sent to 92 university hospitals. replies were obtained from 68 hospitals (74% recovery) reporting 66 patients. fewer patients were reported from north-eastern japan than from south-western japan. many ev patients were from families of consanguineous marriages (44%), showing a high incidence of intra-familial onset after consanguineous marriages. the complica ...	1986	3095286
[infection of the oral mucosa with human papilloma virus (hpv)].		1986	3034514
comparison of peroxidase-antiperoxidase and avidin-biotin complex methods for the detection of papillomavirus in histological sections of the cervix uteri.	a study was undertaken to determine the relative sensitivities of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) and avidin-biotin complex (abc) methods for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) antigens in acetic acid-ethanol fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissue. tissue sections prepared from 14 women suspected to have hpv infections with either atypia or dysplasia were stained immunohistochemically using an antiserum against genus-specific (common) antigen of bovine papillomavirus. detection of ...	1986	3029653
human papillomavirus type 2 dna in oral verrucous carcinoma.	tissues from patients with oral verrucous carcinoma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv). the tissues were stained for the presence of the type common papillomavirus antigen by immunohistochemical staining and the presence of hpv dna was determined by in situ hybridization with biotin-labelled hpv dna probes. seventeen tissue specimens were obtained from 9 patients, and included pre-malignant lesions and primary and recurrent tumors. one pre-malignant lesion was positive ...	1986	3027288