Publications

hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california.	during a screening program to determine the extent of hantavirus activity in orange and san diego counties, california, serum samples from 2,365 rodents representing nine genera and 15 species were tested for hantavirus antibodies. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on selected seropositive rodents was used to identify the specific hantavirus. rodents positive for sin nombre virus (snv) antibodies by western blot included 86 (9.1%) of 948 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), four ( ...	1999	9988327
genetic diversity and distribution of peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in north america.	the 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states was associated with sin nombre virus, a rodent-borne hantavirus; the virus' primary reservoir is the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). hantavirus-infected rodents were identified in various regions of north america. an extensive nucleotide sequence database of an 139 bp fragment amplified from virus m genomic segments was generated. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that snv-like hantaviruses are widely d ...	1999	10081674
relationships of deer mouse movement, vegetative structure, and prevalence of infection with sin nombre virus.	the effects of vegetative structure on movement of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were examined in two distinct vegetation associations, one near hesperus and the other near molina in western colorado (usa) from june-october 1994 to october 1998. we monitored movement by live-trapping small mammals within gambel's oak/mixed-grass (hesperus) and sage brush/juniper (molina) vegetation types. vegetative structure differed between the sites with molina having more cover provided by shrubs and he ...	1999	10231758
sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus.	sin nombre virus (snv), a member of the hantavirus genus, causes acute viral pneumonia in humans and is thought to persistently infect mice. the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, has been identified as the primary reservoir host for snv. to understand snv infection of p. maniculatus, we examined wild deer mice for localization of viral antigens and nucleic acid. morphologic examination consistently revealed septal edema within lung tissue and mononuclear cell infiltrates in portal areas of the ...	1999	9847363
natural history of sin nombre virus in western colorado.	a mark-recapture longitudinal study of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to sin nombre virus (snv) in rodent populations in western colorado (1994-results summarized to october 1997) indicates the presence of snv or a closely related hantavirus at two sites. most rodents (principally deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, and pinyon mice, p. truei) did not persist on the trapping webs much beyond 1 month after first capture. some persisted more than 1 year, which suggests that even a few infected deer ...	1999	10081680
endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations.	this paper describes the results of 5 years of research on interactive effects of mixtures of aldicarb, atrazine, and nitrate on endocrine, immune, and nervous system function. the concentrations of chemicals used were the same order of magnitude as current maximum contaminant levels (mcls) for all three compounds. such levels occur in groundwater across the united states. dosing was through voluntary consumption of drinking water. we used fractional and full factorial designs with center replic ...	1999	10188196
mus and peromyscus chromosome homology established by fish with three mouse paint probes.	fluorescence-labeled dna probes constructed from three whole house mouse (mus domesticus) chromosomes were hybridized to metaphase spreads from deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) to identify homologies between the species. mus chr 7 probe hybridized strongly to the ad-centromeric two-thirds of peromyscus chr 1q. most of mus 3 probe hybridized principally to two disjunct segments of peromyscus chr 3. mus chr 9 probe hybridized entirely to the whole peromyscus chr 7. three peromyscus linkage grou ...	1999	10384049
modulation of endocrine pathways by 4,4'-dde in the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus.	4,4'-ddt and 4,4'-dde are widespread environmental contaminants that cause eggshell thinning in birds, altered sex ratios in the american alligator, and changes in the anal-genital distance in rodents. these contaminants are known to cause some of their toxicity by altering steroid receptor-mediated mechanisms. however, chemical-specific alterations in the expression of hormone-metabolizing enzymes may also be a mechanism for endocrine disruption, by altering the half-life of hormones in critica ...	1999	10492900
temporal and spatial analysis of sin nombre virus quasispecies in naturally infected rodents.	sin nombre virus (snv) is thought to establish a persistent infection in its natural reservoir, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), despite a strong host immune response. snv-specific neutralizing antibodies were routinely detected in deer mice which maintained virus rna in the blood and lungs. to determine whether viral diversity played a role in snv persistence and immune escape in deer mice, we measured the prevalence of virus quasispecies in infected rodents over time in a natural setti ...	1999	10516063
cross-transmission studies with eimeria arizonensis, e. arizonensis-like oocysts and eimeria langebarteli: host specificity at the genus and species level within the muridae.	cross-transmission experiments were done using sporulated oocysts of eimeria arizonensis from peromyscus truei and peromyscus maniculatus, and oocysts of 2 putative species that resemble e. arizonensis, i.e., eimeria albigulae from neotoma albigula, and eimeria onychomysis from onychomys leucogaster. oocysts of each species were inoculated into representatives of p. maniculatus and the latter 2 rodent species. other experiments were conducted wherein oocysts of eimeria langebarteli from peromysc ...	1999	10577723
effects of morphine on electrically evoked contractions of the vas deferens in two congeneric rodent species differing in sperm competition intensity.	an early prediction of sperm competition theory was that males should adjust the number of sperm they deliver according to the risk of double mating and this has received empirical support in recent years. it has been suggested that adaptive regulation of sperm delivery in mammals may depend on changes in vas deferens contractility. in laboratory mice, the vas deferens is sensitive to opioid agonists and the secretion of endogenous opioid peptides can be affected by social interactions that may ...	1999	10518324
role of maternal antibody in natural infection of peromyscus maniculatus with sin nombre virus.	data from naturally infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were used to investigate vertical transmission of sin nombre virus (snv) and snv-specific antibody. the antibody prevalence in juvenile mice (14 g or less) was inversely proportional to the mass of the animal, with juvenile deer mice weighing less than 11 g most likely to be antibody positive (26.9%) and juvenile mice weighing between 13 and 14 g least likely to be antibody positive (12.9%). although a significant sex bias in seropo ...	2000	10666274
fecal glucocorticoids: a noninvasive method of measuring adrenal activity in wild and captive rodents.	to determine the utility of fecal corticosteroid concentration as a measure of chronic stress under laboratory and field conditions, we biochemically and physiologically validated a radioimmunoassay for corticosteroids in three rodent species, house mice (mus musculus), deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), and red-back voles (clethrionomys gapperi). the biochemical validations demonstrated that the assay accurately and precisely measured corticosteroid concentration in the feces. the physiologica ...	2000	10685902
vector competence of ixodes angustus (acari: ixodidae) for borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto.	the vector competence of ixodes angustus for borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) was investigated in the laboratory. the larval progeny of female ticks from washington state were placed on swiss-webster mice that had been inoculated intravenously with 10(8) spirochetes each of a californian isolate of b. burgdorferi. spirochetes were detected in 6 (12%) of 50 nymphs derived from larvae that had fed on these animals. ten nymphs from the same cohort of experimentally infected ticks were plac ...	2000	10823359
remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting sin nombre virus infections in deer mice.	we tested environmental data from remote sensing and geographic information system maps as indicators of sin nombre virus (snv) infections in deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations in the walker river basin, nevada and california. we determined by serologic testing the presence of snv infections in deer mice from 144 field sites. we used remote sensing and geographic information systems data to characterize the vegetation type and density, elevation, slope, and hydrologic features of ea ...	2000	10827114
sin nombre virus in deer mice captured inside homes, southwestern montana.	from 1996 through 1999, 35 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were captured in 25 urban and suburban homes in southwestern montana. mice were captured throughout the year except for january; seven mice (20%) from seven (28%) of the homes were seropositive for sin nombre virus. the infected mice were mostly adult males captured in the spring and fall.	2000	10905973
transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by ixodes spinipalpis ticks: evidence of an enzootic cycle of dual infection with borrelia burgdorferi in northern colorado.	previous work described an enzootic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (hereafter referred to as b. burgdorferi) maintained by the rodent neotoma mexicana and the tick ixodes spinipalpis in northern colorado. we investigated the incidence of coinfection among rodents with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aohge). aohge was detected in 23.5% of 119 rodent spleens examined. biopsy results indicated that 78 (65.5%) of the 119 rodents were positive for b. burgdorferi, whereas 22 (7 ...	2000	10915099
experimental infection model for sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoir hosts is not well understood. we successfully passaged a mouse-adapted strain of sin nombre virus from deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) by i.m. inoculation of 4- to 6-wk-old deer mouse pups. after inoculation with 5 id(50), antibodies to the nucleocapsid (n) antigen first became detectable at 14 d whereas neutralizing antibodies were detectable by 7 d. viral n antigen first began to appear in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and/or kidney by ...	2000	10973478
microsatellite markers for the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus.		2000	11050566
sex differences in conditioned taste aversion and in the effects of exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus.	although conditioned taste aversion (cta) has been investigated and described in laboratory rodents and domestic animals, less is known regarding wild rodents. here, we describe cta in males and females of a "wild" species of rodent, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). in addition, as cta has often been induced by exposure to intense electromagnetic, x or gamma, radiation, in a second study, we also investigated the effects of a specifically designed, pulsed extremely low-frequency and low- ...	2000	11150555
a comparative study of mammalian and reptilian alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the potential bactericidal activity of the alternative complement pathway of mammalian and reptilian sera to borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) was evaluated in vitro. complement-mediated killing was observed when cultured spirochetes were inoculated into sera from the western fence lizard (sceloporus occidentalis) and from the southern alligator lizard (elgaria multicarinata), but not when they were inoculated into serum from either the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) or from humans. ...	2000	11191895
arenavirus antibody in rodents indigenous to coastal southern california.	the purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge on the geographic and natural rodent host ranges of new world arenaviruses in california. sera from 1,094 sigmodontine and 112 murine rodents were tested for antibody against whitewater arroyo and amapari viruses. antibody was found in 55 (4.6%) of the 1,206 rodents: 4 from northwestern san diego county, 3 from los angeles county, and 48 from orange county. the antibody-positive rodents included 8 (7.8%) of 103 neotoma fuscipes, 1 (0.6%) of 1 ...	2000	11289675
the incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	in 1993 sin nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. surveillance by the centers for disease control and prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. as of december 31, 1998, there were 200 ...	2000	11304061
non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology.	release of exotic insects as biological control agents is a common approach to controlling exotic plants. though controversy has ensued regarding the deleterious direct effects of biological control agents to non-target species, few have examined the indirect effects of a "well-behaved" biological control agent on native fauna. we studied a grassland in west-central montana infested with spotted knapweed (centaurea maculosa) to examine the effects of knapweed invasion and two gall flybiological ...	2000	28307949
genetic and epigenetic incompatibilities underlie hybrid dysgenesis in peromyscus.	crosses between the two north american rodent species peromyscus polionotus (po) and peromyscus maniculatus (bw) yield parent-of-origin effects on both embryonic and placental growth. the two species are approximately the same size, but a female bw crossed with a male po produces offspring that are smaller than either parent. in the reciprocal cross, the offspring are oversized and typically die before birth. rare survivors are exclusively female, consistent with haldane's rule, which states tha ...	2000	10802670
genetic (rapd) diversity in peromyscus maniculatus populations in a naturally fragmented landscape.	we assessed the effects of long-term habitat fragmentation on genetic (random amplified polymorphic dna) diversity in 11 peromyscus maniculatus populations in the lake superior watershed. we analysed genetic structure at two spatial scales and the effect of island size and isolation on genetic diversity. at the regional scale, island populations differed from mainland populations (fst = 0.36), but mainland populations did not differ from each other (fst = 0.01). at the local scale, populations o ...	2001	11251785
spontaneous "regression" of enhanced immune function in a photoperiodic rodent peromyscus maniculatus.	short days inhibit reproduction and enhance immune function in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). their reproductive inhibition is sustained by an endogenous timing mechanism: after ca. 20 weeks in short days, reproductive photorefractoriness develops, followed by spontaneous recrudescence of the reproductive system. it is unknown whether analogous seasonal timing mechanisms regulate their immune function or whether enhanced immune function is sustained indefinitely under short days. in order t ...	2001	11674869
body and organ mass in agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	body, adrenal, brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and testis masses were determined for agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) of both sexes. body mass was highest for non-agouti females and lowest for agouti females; and sex differences in body mass were significant for agouti, but not non-agouti, deer mice. adrenal, brain and liver masses were similar between color morphs; heart mass was greater in agouti males; and kidney, spleen and testis masses were all signific ...	2001	11544076
thyroxine levels in agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	total thyroxine was assessed by radioimmunoassay for 58 female deer mice of two subspecies (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii and p. m. gracilis) and two color morphs (agouti and non-agouti). p. m. bairdii of both color-morphs had significantly higher mean thyroxine levels than p. m. gracilis. non-agouti deer mice of both subspecies had significantly higher mean thyroxine levels than agouti deer mice. this is the first report of thyroid hormone differences associated with the non-agouti allele.	2001	11544074
effects of altitude and temperature on organ phenotypic plasticity along an altitudinal gradient.	small mammals living in high-altitude environments must endure decreased ambient temperatures and hypoxic conditions relative to sea-level environments. previously, it was noted that heart, lung and digestive tract masses and blood hematocrit increase along an altitudinal gradient in small mammals. increases in digestive organ mass were attributed to lower ambient temperatures and greater food intake, and increases in lung mass and hematocrit were attributed to hypoxia, but these assumptions wer ...	2001	11441040
a novel mechanism of body mass regulation.	while significant attention has been devoted to the identification of hormonal factors that control body mass, little attention has been paid to the role of mechanical loading on animal mass. here, we provide evidence that intraperitoneal implantation of metabolically inert mass results in a compensatory reduction in tissue mass. deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were surgically implanted with weights of 1, 2 or 3 g. there was a resulting loss of tissue mass (total body mass minus implant mass) ...	2001	11316493
nonlethal method for forensic evaluation of aldicarb exposure in wildlife.	forensic evaluation of aldicarb exposure is difficult due to the rapid hydrolysis and oxidation of the parent compound. oxidation products-aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone-are commonly analyzed, but hydrolytic products-aldicarb nitrile, aldicarb nitrile sulfoxide, aldicarb nitrile sulfone-are infrequently analyzed even though they are the primary stable products of aldicarb degradation. nitrile analyses provide an important avenue to verify aldicarb exposure or aldicarb-induced mortality. ...	2001	11116343
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in manitoba.	the first confirmed case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in manitoba was diagnosed in 1999. to define better the risk of exposure to hantaviruses in this area, the clinical features and epidemiological factors pertaining to this case were described, and a serological survey of rodents collected near the patient's residence was undertaken. small mammals were collected using live traps, were anesthetized via inhalation of isoflurane and were bled. human and mouse serologies were undertaken using ...	2001	18159335
do unusual site-specific population dynamics of rodent reservoirs provide clues to the natural history of hantaviruses?	between january 1995 and november 1997, longitudinal mark-recapture studies of rodent hosts of hantaviruses in a disturbed microhabitat within a shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern colorado (usa) were conducted. the site was distinguished by edaphic and floristic characteristics unique to this area and associated with historical land use patterns, as well as the year-around availability of water from a functioning windmill. populations of two common rodent species that are hosts for han ...	2001	11310878
serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in sigmodontine rodents in mexico.	antibodies to hantaviruses in two species of sigmodontine rodents (peromyscus maniculatus and reithrodontomys sumichrasti) collected in central mexico are reported. peromyscus maniculatus, a common species throughout much of mexico, is the reservoir of sin nombre virus (snv), the etiologic agent of the great majority of cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north america. although the identity of the virus detected in p. maniculatus in mexico could not be determined by these serologic ...	2001	11310896
mercury concentrations in deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) tissues from isle royale national park.	we used deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) to investigate variation in mercury exposure across the terrestrial ecosystem of isle royale national park (michigan, usa). although previous work suggested that mercury (hg) levels may be higher inside the sargent lake watershed of isle royale than outside the watershed, hg concentrations in livers were higher outside the sargent lake watershed (100.13 ng hg/g dry tissue) than inside the watershed (35.50 ng hg/g dry tissue; p = 0.06). mercury levels in ...	2001	11443999
pathogenesis of experimental vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection has not been investigated previously in native new world rodents that may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease. in the present study, 45 juvenile and 80 adult deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were inoculated intranasally with vsv new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) and examined sequentially over a 7-day period. virus was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in all tissues containing histologic lesi ...	2001	11467473
genetic and serotypic characterization of sin nombre-like viruses in canadian peromyscus maniculatus mice.	in canada, hantavirus infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) have been collected from british columbia to newfoundland. partial sequencing of g1 and n protein encoding regions from canadian peromyscus maniculatus-borne hantaviruses demonstrated the existence of significant genotypic divergence among strains. phylogenetic analysis showed that sin nombre (sn)-like viruses from eastern and western canadian deer mice can be divided into at least two broad-based genogroups. sequencing of mitocho ...	2001	11311430
experimental infection of nontarget species of rodents and birds with brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine.	the brucella abortus vaccine strain rb51 (srb51) is being considered for use in the management of bnucellosis in wild bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus) populations in the greater yellowstone area (usa). evaluation of the vaccines safety in non-target species was considered necessary prior to field use. between june 1998 and december 1999, ground squirrels (spermophilus richardsonii, n = 21), deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus, n = 14), prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster, n = 21), and ...	2001	11504226
embryo implantation during the short luteal phase of the corn mouse, calomys musculinus, and the apparent lack of a lactational diapause in south american murid rodents.	as the corn mouse, calomys musculinus, has a short luteal phase (2-3 days) that is not prolonged after copulation, it was hypothesized that (i) implantation would occur at the end of this phase, that is, earlier than it occurs in most murid species that have been studied, and (ii) a lactational embryonic diapause would not occur during the luteal phase. these hypotheses were tested in females that had copulated during postpartum oestrus and were either lactating or not lactating. data were recor ...	2001	11427171
safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 in deer mice.	brucella abortus strain rb51 is an approved brucellosis vaccine for use in cattle that may have potential as an oral vaccine for use in elk (cervus elaphus) and/or bison (bison bison). this study was designed to determine effects of strain rb51 on deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), a nontarget species that could have access to treated baits in a field situation. in february 1994, 90 mice were orally dosed or intraperitoneally injected with 1 x 10(8) colony forming units strain rb51 and 77 contr ...	2001	11504238
antibody to sin nombre virus in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central montana.	most human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are acquired in the peridomestic environment, yet studies of the ecology and infection dynamics in the reservoir host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), have focused on sylvan populations. we describe a 2.5-year study of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central montana. antibodies reactive with sin nombre virus (snv) were found in five species. overall snv antibody prevalence was highest among d ...	2001	11442208
longitudinal studies of sin nombre virus in deer mouse-dominated ecosystems of montana.	sin nombre virus (snv), hosted by the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), is the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north america. to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of hps in the western united states, we conducted studies of population dynamics and snv antibody prevalence in deer mouse populations for 6 years on 12 mark-recapture grids in montana. monthly numbers of deer mice ranged from zero to over 170 on 1-hectare grids. snv antibody prevalence ...	2001	11504405
microevolution in island rodents.	we perform a meta-analysis on morphological data from four island rodent populations exhibiting microevolution (< approximately/= 100 years). data consisting of incidences of skeletal variants, cranial, and external measurements are from house mice (mus musculus) on one welsh and one scottish island, black rats (rattus rattus) on two galapagos islands, and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) on three california channel islands. we report extremely high rates of microevolution for many traits; 60% ...	2001	11838768
effect of capture and season on fecal glucocorticoid levels in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and red-backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi).	the effect of confinement and season on fecal glucocorticoid (gc) levels in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and red-backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi) was determined. deer mice confined in a sherman trap more than 4 h had fecal gc levels that were significantly higher than those in individuals that remained in a trap 4 h or less. however, this treatment may not be stressful for red-backed voles as neither plasma nor fecal gc levels were significantly elevated after 12 h of confinement. in a ...	2001	11589634
mhc class ii beta sequence diversity in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus): implications for models of balancing selection.	we studied population polymorphism at a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii beta gene in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). we found that: (i) a single population of p. maniculatus has significantly higher levels of dna and protein sequence diversity than worldwide samples from homologous genes in other taxa, including humans and mice; and (ii) the genealogy of allelic sequences in p. maniculatus deviates significantly from theoretical expectation under a model of symmetric bal ...	2001	11903890
establishment of a deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus rufinus) breeding colony from wild-caught founders: comparison of reproductive performance of wild-caught and laboratory-reared pairs.	the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is a natural reservoir for several human pathogens, but little is known about the mechanisms by which such pathogens are maintained in nature. as a first step toward developing a colony of deer mice that were permissive for infection with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus, we collected 68 wild p. maniculatus rufinus from central new mexico. mice from this cohort were used to establish 26 breeding pairs, of which 85% were fertile. in subsequent generations, fertil ...	2001	11924788
pneumocystosis in wild small mammals from california.	cyst forms of the opportunistic fungal parasite pneumocystis carinii were found in the lungs of 34% of the desert shrew, notiosorex crawfordi (n = 59), 13% of the ornate shrew, sorex ornatus (n = 55), 6% of the dusky-footed wood rat, neotoma fuscipes (n = 16), 2.5% of the california meadow vole, microtus californicus (n = 40), and 50% of the california pocket mouse, chaetodipus californicus (n = 2) caught from southern california between february 1998 and february 2000. cysts were not found in a ...	2001	11310900
sequence and expression analysis of deer mouse interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin-alpha.	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal host species of sin nombre (sn) virus, the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in north america. the disease is a cytokine-mediated immunopathology characterized by pulmonary mononuclear infiltrates without discernible viral pathology. infected deer mice remain life-long carriers and virus is found in many organs, including the lungs, but without pathology. it is unclear how deer mice respond to sn virus because no t ...	2002	11991673
influences of inbreeding and genetics on telomere length in mice.	we measured telomere lengths of blood leukocytes in several inbred and outbred mammalian species, using a telomere-specific fluorescent probe and flow cytometry. humans, non-human primates, and three outbred populations of peromyscus mice ( peromyscus leucopus, peromyscus maniculatus, and peromyscus polionotus) have short telomeres. two common strains of laboratory mice, c57bl/6j and dba/2j, have telomeres several times longer than most other mammals surveyed. moreover, the two inbred laboratory ...	2002	12016510
assessment of ecologic and biologic factors leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, colorado, u.s.a.	to understand the ecologic parameters of sin nombre virus (snv; family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) infections in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), environmental variables impacting the rodent populations, and the conditions under which snv is amplified. this may help us understand the antecedents of human risk for developing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) as a consequence of snv infection.	2002	12035141
novel potential reservoirs for borrelia sp. and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in colorado.	previous work demonstrated that ixodes spinipalpis ticks maintained an enzootic cycle of borrelia bissettii and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aohge) within woodrats (neotoma mexicana) and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) in northern colorado (usa). because i. spinipalpis is the only known vector of b. bissettii and aohge in colorado, this study was designed to determine the reservoir status of other hosts of i. spinipalpis in five distinct ecological zones along the front range ...	2002	12038153
genetic vaccines protect against sin nombre hantavirus challenge in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	we used a deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) infection model to test the protective efficacy of genetic vaccine candidates for sin nombre (sn) virus that were known to provoke immunological responses in balb/c mice (bharadwaj et al., vaccine 17, 2836-2843, 1999 ). protective epitopes were localized in each of four overlapping cdna fragments that encoded portions of the sn virus g1 glycoprotein antigen; the nucleocapsid gene also was protective. the protective efficacy of glycoprotein gene fragm ...	2002	12075094
shedding and intracage transmission of sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model.	the mechanism(s) by which sin nombre (sn) hantavirus is maintained in deer mouse populations is unclear. field studies indicate that transmission occurs primarily if not exclusively via a horizontal mechanism. using an experimental deer mouse infection model in an outdoor laboratory, we tested whether infected rodents shed sn virus in urine, feces, and saliva, whether infected mice transmit infection to naïve cage mates, and whether infected dams are able to vertically transmit virus or antibody ...	2002	12097572
elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a life-threatening respiratory disease characterized by profound pulmonary edema and myocardial depression. most cases of hcps in north america are caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried asymptomatically by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). the underlying pathophysiology of hcps is poorly understood. we hypothesized that pathogenic snv infection results in increased generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (rons), which contribute ...	2002	12134039
spatiotemporal patterns in the hantavirus infection.	we present a model of the infection of hantavirus in deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, based on biological observations of the system in the north american southwest. the results of the analysis shed light on relevant observations of the biological system, such as the sporadical disappearance of the infection, and the existence of foci or "refugia" that perform as reservoirs of the virus when environmental conditions are less than optimal.	2002	12241389
infection dynamics of sin nombre virus after a widespread decline in host populations.	many researchers have speculated that infection dynamics of sin nombre virus are driven by density patterns of its major host, peromyscus maniculatus. few, if any, studies have examined this question systematically at a realistically large spatial scale, however. we collected data from 159 independent field sites within a 1 million-hectare study area in nevada and california, from 1995-1998. in 1997, there was a widespread and substantial reduction in host density. this reduction in host density ...	2002	12408674
adrenal gland differences associated with puberty and reproductive inhibition in peromyscus maniculatus.	laboratory populations of the prairie deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus) reach a growth asymptote due primarily to the failure of more than 90% of the young born into the population to mature sexually. this inhibition is reversible; when young are removed from the inhibiting influence of the population more than 75% will reproduce within 80 days of pairing. interestingly, the mechanism of this inhibition does not involve the degree of adrenal hypertrophy as reported in rats and housemice. we rep ...	2002	12441120
satellite imagery characterizes local animal reservoir populations of sin nombre virus in the southwestern united states.	the relationship between the risk of hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (hps), as estimated from satellite imagery, and local rodent populations was examined. hps risk, predicted before rodent sampling, was highly associated with the abundance of peromyscus maniculatus, the reservoir of sin nombre virus (snv). p. maniculatus were common in high-risk sites, and populations in high-risk areas were skewed toward adult males, the subclass most frequently infected with snv. in the year after an el niño so ...	2002	12473747
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to residents in a native american community in new mexico.	we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of rodent proofing continuously occupied homes as a method for lowering the risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) among residents of a native american community in northwestern new mexico. rodent proofing of dwellings was paired with culturally appropriate health education. seventy homes were randomly assigned to treatment or control categories. treatment homes were rodent-proofed by sealing openings around foundations, doors, roofs, and ...	2002	12653299
rapid and sensitive handheld biosensor for detection of hantavirus antibodies in wild mouse blood samples under field conditions.	hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an acute, life threatening viral illness that was first recognized in the spring of 1993 during an outbreak in the four corners region of the southwest united states. the etiologic agent, sin nombre (sn) virus, is a zoonotic infection that is enzootic in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). both human and rodent infections lead to specific antibody responses, and detection of such antibodies is the mainstay of diagnosis of infection in both species. m ...	2002	18968779
dissociation between spontaneously emitted and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in peromyscus maniculatus bairdii.	stereotyped behavior is repetitive, topographically invariant motor activity that lacks an obvious function. we have previously characterized the spontaneous and persistent stereotypies that occur in deer mice housed in standard laboratory cages. providing these animals with enriched environments markedly reduces their vulnerability to develop stereotypic behavioral repertoires, thus enabling us to generate behaviorally distinct (stereotypic and nonstereotypic) mice of the same species. as stere ...	2002	11897261
effects of in utero and lactational ammonium perchlorate exposure on thyroid gland histology and thyroid and sex hormones in developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) through postnatal day 21.	thyroid gland hormone levels and histology and sex hormone levels in developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were measured following in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate (ap), a component of rocket fuel and a thyroid toxicant. breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nm, 1 micro m, or 1 mm concentrations of ap in drinking water from the time of cohabitation until pups from the third litter were weaned. pups from the second litter were used for evaluation in thi ...	2002	12515590
developmental plasticity in aerobic performance in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	while several studies have examined the abiotic effects of altitude (low ambient temperatures and hypoxia) on the aerobic performance of small mammals, few have explored the effects of development and maturation at different altitudes on aerobic performance as adults. we examined the basal metabolism and aerobic performance of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) under four different developmental and testing regimes: (1) reared (gestation through weaning) and tested at high altitude; (2) reared a ...	2002	12208296
in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate in drinking water: effects on developing deer mice at postnatal day 21.	the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate (ap), a component of rocket fuel and a thyroid toxicant, on developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were evaluated. breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nm, 1 micro m, or 1 mm ap in drinking water, from cohabitation until pups were euthanized at postnatal day (pnd) 21. pups from the second litter were used for evaluation in this study. no significant differences were observed in any analysis performed when ...	2002	12167219
fecal corticosteroids in agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	total and per gram fecal corticosteroid concentrations were determined for agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) over 24 h under normal caging conditions and after exposure to the stress of novel caging. per gram corticosteroid concentrations, fecal output, and 24-h corticosteroid production were greater in stressed compared with unstressed deer mice of both color morphs, whereas stressed agoutis had a greater increase in per gram corticosteroid concentrations when co ...	2002	12020660
relative roles of mutation and recombination in generating allelic polymorphism at an mhc class ii locus in peromyscus maniculatus.	the mhc class ii loci encoding cell surface antigens exhibit extremely high allelic polymorphism. there is considerable uncertainty in the literature over the relative roles of recombination and de novo mutation in generating this diversity. we studied class ii sequence diversity and allelic polymorphism in two populations of peromyscus maniculatus, which are among the most widespread and abundant mammals of north america. we find that intragenic recombination (or gene conversion) has been the p ...	2003	14768893
testicular histopathology in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl.	adult deer mice testes were subjected to routine histopathology following exposure to aroclor 1254 supplemented diet (5 ppm), for 30 days. body and testicular weight revealed no statistical significance between the control and treated animals. from a histological standpoint the testes of the controls were similar to normal murids and other animals. in contrast, the testes from treated animals displayed seminiferous tubules with significant degenerative alterations. these alterations included few ...	2003	12729713
spontaneous gallstone formation in deer mice: interaction of cholesterol, bile acids, and dietary fiber.	a study of the physiologic and ecologic factors involved in a spontaneous seasonal gallstone cycle of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gambelii) was conducted at the tulelake national wildlife refuge (california, usa) from march 1991 to june 1992. the specific hypothesis examined was whether or not seasonal increases in dietary fiber intake provides the necessary conditions for a solubility defect, or supersaturation mechanism, resulting in precipitation of cholesterol gallstones. results indic ...	2003	12685073
age and aerobic performance in deer mice.	age impacts the phenotype of all multicellular animals, but lifetime changes in physiological traits are poorly understood for all but a few species. here, we describe a cross-sectional study of age effects on body composition, aerobic performance and ventilation in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus. this species lives considerably longer in captivity (in excess of 5 years) than most laboratory rodents, and the adaptational biology of its aerobic physiology is well studied. our deer mice grew thr ...	2003	12604582
persistent sin nombre virus infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model: sites of replication and strand-specific expression.	to address sin nombre (sn) virus persistence in deer mice, we sacrificed experimentally infected deer mice at eight time points from day 21 to day 217 postinoculation (p.i.) and examined their tissues for viral nucleocapsid (n) antigen expression and both negative-strand (genomic) and positive-strand (replicative/mrna) viral s segment rna titers. all the animals that we inoculated developed persistent infections, and sn virus could be isolated from tissues throughout the course of infection. the ...	2003	12502867
bartonella strains from ground squirrels are identical to bartonella washoensis isolated from a human patient.	the most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in washoe county, nev., was identified by comparison of dna sequences of three genes (citrate synthase glta, 60-kda heat shock protein gene groel, and 16s rrna gene) of bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of bartonella isolates obtained from the following nevada rodents: peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), tamias minimus (11 isolates), spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and spermophilus beechey ...	2003	12574261
hantavirus.	sin nombre virus (snv), an emerging pathogen in the united states, was identified in 1993. this hantavirus, a member of the bunyaviridae family of rna viruses, is transmitted by its reservoir host peromyscus maniculatus, the deer mouse. transmission is by inhalation of aerosolized feces, urine, or saliva from the infected mice. the illness that pursues, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), is characterized initially by mild flu-like symptoms, followed by rapid progression to respiratory distress ...	2003	12587657
marine resources subsidize insular rodent populations in the gulf of california, mexico.	inputs of energy and nutrients from one ecosystem may subsidize consumers in adjacent ones, with significant consequences for local communities and food webs. we used stable isotope and faecal pellet analysis to quantify use of ocean-derived resources by small mammals on islands in the gulf of california, mexico. rodents were live-trapped on grids originating near shore and extending 125-200 m inland to evaluate the extent to which rodents transport marine nutrients inland, and to determine whet ...	2003	12647121
rapid and simple method for screening wild rodents for antibodies to sin nombre hantavirus.	sin nombre hantavirus (snv) is the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the united states and canada. hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a zoonotic disease. the most common reservoir is the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), although numerous other species of wild rodent can carry the viruses that cause hcps throughout the americas. infected rodents show no signs of clinical disease but they develop persistent infection. sin nombre virus can be contracte ...	2003	12910753
analyses of gene flow among populations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) at sites near hantavirus pulmonary syndrome case-patient residences.	gene flow and potential for sin nombre virus (snv) trafficking of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) was studied in delta and mesa counties of western colorado (usa). the study areas included grand mesa and surrounding grazing and agricultural areas. this area has several natural potential barriers to rodent gene flow, including rivers, cliffs, and mountains. ten study sites were utilized in a spatially nested design ranging from 0.65-81 km apart; four of these sites were at or near human h ...	2003	12910755
vector competence of ixodes pacificus and i. spinipalpis (acari: ixodidae), and reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), for borrelia bissettii.	we investigated the experimental vector competence of ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls and ixodes spinipalpis hadwen and nuttall, and the reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes baird) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus [wagner]), for borrelia bissettii postic, marti ras, lane, hendson, and baranton. both rodent species are capable reservoirs for b. bissettii; infection rates for i. pacificus or i. spinipalpis nymphs fed as larvae on infected animals ranged fr ...	2003	12943110
generation of a recombinant cytomegalovirus for expression of a hantavirus glycoprotein.	a cytomegalovirus (cmv) was isolated from its natural host, peromyscus maniculatus, and was designated peromyscus cmv (pcmv). a recombinant pcmv was constructed that contained sin nombre virus glycoprotein g1 (snv-g1) fused in frame to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene inserted into a site homologous to the human cmv ul33 (p33) gene. the recombinant cmv was used for expression and immunization of deer mice against snv-g1. the results of the study indicate that p. maniculatus cou ...	2003	14581557
juvenile ataxia--a new behavioral mutation in the deermouse.	an autosomal recessive behavioral mutation designated juvenile ataxia (ja) was first isolated from f2 progeny of four blonde (bl) peromyscus maniculatus bairdi siblings. juvenile ataxic homozygotes exhibit an ataxic gait without an associated tremor from 15 days postpartum. this ataxia continues but does not increase noticeably in severity until between 35 and 43 days of age. thereafter, a rapid and dramatic improvement in the behavior pattern is seen, so that juvenile ataxic deermice over 45 da ...	2003	6863895
blonde, a new mutation in peromyscus maniculatus affecting fur, skin, and eye pigmentation.	an autosomal recessive mutation affecting hair and eye pigmentation was discovered in the f2 progeny of wild-type deer mice, (peromyscus maniculatus), trapped near east lansing, michigan. when homozygous, the mutation (designated as blonde, bl), reduces both black and yellow pigmentation deposited in the fur, reduces or eliminates pigmentation in the non-follicular melanocytes of the outer ear, peri-orbital skin and tail, slightly reduces the amount of pigmentation in the choroidal melanocytes, ...	2003	7069191
cold-acclimation in peromyscus: temporal effects and individual variation in maximum metabolism and ventilatory traits.	thermal acclimation in small endotherms provides an excellent model for the study of physiological plasticity, as energy requirements can be easily manipulated and the results are relevant for natural conditions. nevertheless, how physiology changes throughout acclimation, and how individuals vary in their response to acclimation, remain poorly understood. here we describe a high temporal-resolution study of cold acclimation in the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. the experimental design was b ...	2004	14668313
cloning and characterization of deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) cytokine and chemokine cdnas.	sin nombre virus (snv) establishes a persistent infection in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. a strong antibody response occurs in response to snv infection, but the role of the innate immune response is unclear. to address this issue, we have initiated an effort to identify and characterize deer mouse cytokine and chemokine genes. such cytokines and chemokines are involved in various aspects of immunity, including the transition from innate to adaptive responses, type i and type ii respo ...	2004	14720307
life-history studies on two molecular strains of mesocestoides (cestoda: mesocestoididae): identification of sylvatic hosts and infectivity of immature life stages.	life-cycle studies were conducted on 2 molecular strains of mesocestoides tapeworms that represent different evolutionary lineages (clades a and b). wild carnivores, reptiles, and rodents were examined for tapeworm infections at 2 enzootic sites: (1) san miguel island (smi), a small island off the coast of southern california and (2) hopland research and extension center (hrec), a field station in northern california. results indicate that deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and coyotes (canis la ...	2004	15040675
genetic relatedness of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) infected with sin nombre virus.	the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is the primary rodent host of sin nombre virus (snv), the principal etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states. many characteristics of snv infections of deer mice are unknown. to better understand the transmission mechanisms of snv in deer mice, we conducted mark-recapture sampling and genetic analyses to study deer mouse population density and genetic relatedness from 2001 to 2002. we genotyped each deer mouse at 10 microsatell ...	2004	15228816
detection and characterization of borrelia bissettii in rodents from the central california coast.	this is the first report of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from san luis obispo county, with most isolates obtained from a previously unreported host, neotoma lepida thomas. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was identified in seven rodent species, including the california vole, microtus californicus peale; dusky-footed woodrat, neotoma fuscipes baird; desert woodrat, neotoma lepida thomas; brush mouse, peromyscus boylii baird; california mouse, peromyscus californicus gambel; deer mouse, per ...	2004	15311469
effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at edwards air force base, california, usa.	effects of inhalation of volatilized trichloroethylene (tce) or perchloroethylene (pce) were assessed based on the health and population size of wild, burrowing mammals at edwards air force base (ca, usa). organic soil-vapor concentrations were measured at three sites with aquifer contamination of tce or pce of 5.5 to 77 mg/l and at two uncontaminated reference sites. population estimates of kangaroo rats (dipodomys merriami and d. panamintinus) as well as hematology, blood chemistry, and histop ...	2004	15378993
effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (pinus monophylla).	the effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (pinus monophylla) was investigated in field enclosures. the rodent species were panamint kangaroo rat (dipodomys panamintinus), great basin pocket mouse (perognathus parvus), pinyon mouse (peromyscus truei), deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), least chipmunk (tamias minimus), and white-tailed antelope ground squirrel (ammospermophilus leucurus). five measures of seed harvesting and caching behavior were assessed ...	2004	14534782
generation of competent bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells from the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	human infections with sin nombre virus (snv) and related new world hantaviruses often lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), a sometimes fatal illness. lungs of patients who die from hcps exhibit cytokine-producing mononuclear infiltrates and pronounced pulmonary inflammation. deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal natural hosts of snv, in which the virus establishes life-long persistence without conspicuous pathology. little is known about the mechanisms snv employs t ...	2004	15458574
rodent-flea-plague relationships at the higher elevations of san diego county, california.	rodent-flea-plague relationships were examined at sites located at higher elevations of san diego county during 1991-2002. the most frequently sampled rodents were the california ground squirrel, spermophilus beecheyi, and white-footed mice, peromyscus spp. higher seasonal mean dependent variables (prevalences of squirrels and indices of o. montana), higher mean amounts of seasonal rainfall, and lower seasonal mean ambient temperatures were found at sites during 1991--1993 compared with 2000--20 ...	2004	15707283
maximal aerobic performance of deer mice in combined cold and exercise challenges.	in nature, animals frequently need to deal with several physiological challenges simultaneously. we examined thermoregulatory performance (body temperature stability) and maximal oxygen consumption of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) during intense exercise at room temperature, acute cold exposure, and exercise during cold exposure. results with exercise and cold exposure alone were consistent with previous studies: there was little difference between maximal metabolism elicited by exercise al ...	2004	14569409
natural selection drives altitudinal divergence at the albumin locus in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	in populations that are distributed across steep environmental gradients, the potential for local adaptation is largely determined by the spatial scale of fitness variation relative to dispersal distance. since altitudinal gradients are generally characterized by dramatic ecological transitions over relatively short linear distances, adaptive divergence across such gradients will typically require especially strong selection to counterbalance the homogenizing effect of gene flow. here we report ...	2004	15266982
postimplantation pregnancy disruption in microtus ochrogaster, m. pennsulvanicus and peromyscus maniculatus.		2004	321775
microsatellite variation and evolution in the peromyscus maniculatus species group.	variation at 12 pure-repeat dinucleotide microsatellites from peromyscus maniculatus was analyzed for samples of all species in the p. maniculatus species group and p. leucopus. except for one locus (pml08) that amplified a product only for p. maniculatus, these microsatellites yielded reliable estimates of variation across these species; per-locus polymorphism and allele-size distribution were not significantly different among or between any of the species sampled from mainland populations. sig ...	2005	15619451
mystr: an endogenous retrovirus family in mammals that is undergoing recent amplifications to unprecedented copy numbers.	a large percentage of the repetitive elements in mammalian genomes are retroelements, which have been moved primarily by line-1 retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses. although line-1 elements have remained active throughout the mammalian radiation, specific groups of endogenous retroviruses generally remain active for comparatively shorter periods of time. identification of an unusual extinction of line-1 activity in a group of south american rodents has opened a window for examination of ...	2005	16282470
epizootiology of sin nombre and el moro canyon hantaviruses, southeastern colorado, 1995-2000.	sin nombre virus (snv) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to better understand the natural history of this virus we studied population dynamics and temporal pattern of infection of its rodent hosts in southeastern colorado (usa) from 1995 to 2000. we present evidence for the presence of two hantaviruses, snv in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and el moro canyon virus in western harvest mice (reithrodontomys megalotis), at our study sites. sin nombre virus appeared only sp ...	2005	15827206
population dynamics of a diverse rodent assemblage in mixed grass-shrub habitat, southeastern colorado, 1995-2000.	we followed seasonal and year-to-year population dynamics for a diverse rodent assemblage in a short-grass prairie ecosystem in southeastern colorado (usa) for 6 yr. we captured 2,798 individual rodents (range, one to 812 individuals per species) belonging to 19 species. the two most common species, deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and western harvest mice (reithrodontomys megalotis), generally had population peaks in winter and nadirs in summer; several other murid species demonstrated autumn ...	2005	15827207
ants as first intermediate hosts of mesocestoides on san miguel island, usa.	this study tested the hypotheses that ants (formicidae) function as a first intermediate host of mesocestoides (cestoda: mesocestoididae) and that deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) develop metacestode infections after ingesting cysticercoid or procercoid-infected ants. field studies were conducted at an island fox (urocyon littoralis littoralis) breeding facility located on san miguel island, california channel islands national park, usa, where > 40% of captive foxes were infected with adult me ...	2005	15831116
development and evaluation of serological assays for detection of human hantavirus infections caused by sin nombre virus.	the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) was first recognized in 1993 after a cluster of acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the southwestern of the united states. the major causative agent of hcps in north america is the sin nombre virus (snv) carried by the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. the first hcps case imported to europe was reported in 2002.	2005	15911448
two-phase seed dispersal: linking the effects of frugivorous birds and seed-caching rodents.	frugivorous birds disperse the seeds of many fruit-bearing plants, but the fate of seeds after defecation or regurgitation is often unknown. some rodents gather and scatter hoard seeds, and some of these may be overlooked, germinate, and establish plants. we show that these two disparate modes of seed dispersal are linked in some plants. rodents removed large (>25 mg) seeds from simulated bird feces (pseudofeces) at rates of 8-50%/day and scatter hoarded them in soil. ants (formica sibylla) also ...	2005	15959820
peromyscus populations and their cuterebra parasites display congruent phylogeographical structure.	the relationships between populations of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) and the white-footed mouse (p. leucopus) and their respective cuterebra parasites were examined. population genetic structure of hosts and parasites was inferred using cytochrome oxidase mitochondrial sequences of specimens from 7 populations. genetic analyses revealed that isolation-by-distance applies for p. maniculatus and its associated parasite (c. grisea). a significant correlation was also observed between th ...	2005	16145940