Publications

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the bony labyrinth of the early platyrrhine primate chilecebus.we document the morphology of the bony labyrinth of chilecebus carrascoensis, one of the best preserved early platyrrhines known, based on high resolution ct scanning and 3d digital reconstruction. the cochlea is low and conical in form, as in other anthropoids, but has only 2.5 spiral turns. when the allometric relationship with body mass is considered, cochlear size is similar to that in extant primates. the relative size of the semicircular canals, which is well within the range of other prim ...201020952046
retraction notice. rule learning by cotton-top tamarins. cognition, 86(1), b15-b22. 201020839386
variation in oxytocin is related to variation in affiliative behavior in monogamous, pairbonded tamarins.oxytocin plays an important role in monogamous pairbonded female voles, but not in polygamous voles. here we examined a socially monogamous cooperatively breeding primate where both sexes share in parental care and territory defense for within species variation in behavior and female and male oxytocin levels in 14 pairs of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). in order to obtain a stable chronic assessment of hormones and behavior, we observed behavior and collected urinary hormonal samples ac ...201020600045
socially biased learning among adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus).we presented adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with a novel foraging task that had been used previously to examine socially biased learning of juvenile observers [humle & snowdon, animal behaviour 75:267-277, 2008]. the task could be solved in one of two ways, and thus allowed for an analysis of behavioral matching between an observer and a skilled demonstrator (trained to use one of the two methods exclusively). because the demonstrator was an adult in both this study and the juvenile ...201020014273
observational methods to measure behaviors of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).the purpose of this study was to identify efficient sampling methods for establishing accurate activity budgets for zoo animals. seven cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) from two zoos were videotaped for multiple 90 min sessions, 3 to 4 days per week for 12 weeks. an activity budget was constructed for each animal using a continuous sampling method to analyze 30 hr of video recording of each animal. these master datasets, reflecting actual behavior, were re-sampled using interval sampling le ...201019653282
novel survey method finds dramatic decline of wild cotton-top tamarin population.the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) is a critically endangered primate, endemic to the tropical forests of colombia. population monitoring is essential to evaluate the success of conservation efforts, yet standard survey methods are ineffective because animals flee silently before they are seen. we developed a novel technique that combines the use of playbacks of territorial vocalizations with traditional transect surveys. we used remote sensing to identify potential habitat within the spe ...201020975684
long-term memory for calls of relatives in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).recognition of relatives is important for dispersing animals to avoid inbreeding and possibly for developing cooperative, reciprocal relationships between individuals after dispersal. we demonstrate under controlled captive conditions that cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) have a long-term memory for long calls of relatives from which they had been separated for periods ranging from 4 to 55 months. tamarins responded with lower levels of arousal behavior to playbacks of long calls from curr ...201121574684
increased positive selection pressure within the complementarity determining regions of the t-cell receptor ß gene in new world monkeys.because of the long-term co-evolution of tcr and mhc molecules, numerous nucleotide substitutions have accumulated within the domains of tcrß genes. we previously found that nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions occurred more frequently in complementarity determining region (cdr)ß than in cdra, even though only a limited number of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and human t-cell receptor ß variable (trbv) sequences were compared. this interesting finding raised the question of whether the ...201121769905
herpesvirus saimiri infection of rhesus macaques: a model for acute rhadinovirus-induced t-cell transformation and oncogenesis.herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) causes acute lymphoma and leukemia upon experimental infection of various monkey species. hvs strain c488 is also capable of transforming human t-lymphocytes to stable growth in culture. the most susceptible species for oncogenesis are new world primates, in particular the cottontop tamarin (saguinus oedipus). however, old world monkeys such as macaques are the most used animal model for the close-to-human situation. the limited data on hvs infection in old world monkey ...201121915869
kin preference in marmosets and tamarins: saguinus oedipus and callithrix jacchus (callitrichidae, primates).field studies on callitrichid primates have suggested that some species may exhibit a communal breeding system in which two or more males mate with a single female and cooperatively participate in infant rearing. however, high levels of aggression have been observed between males under both laboratory and field conditions. in avian models for communal breeding, cooperating males are often closely related. in a laboratory test of a hypothesis of the amelioration of aggression based on kinship, fo ...20113147598
chronic colitis in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (saquinus oedipus). 20113122405
colorectal cancer in the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus): how do they evade liver metastasis?a major cause of cancer-related deaths is the development of liver metastasis. to better understand the metastatic process, we studied the cotton top tamarin as an animal model, which spontaneously develops colorectal cancer but rarely liver metastasis.201120645001
septic tularemia in 2 cottontop tamarins(sanguinus oedipus).two captive cottontop tamarins (sanguinus oedipus) died within 5 d of each other from systemic infection by francisella tularensis (tularemia). one tamarin experienced mild clinical signs, including malaise, anorexia, and a mucoid nasal discharge for 4 d before death, whereas the other experienced a more rapid progression of disease that lasted less than 24 h. differential diagnoses included gram-negative septicemia by an organism such as escherichia coli, salmonella, or yersinia; protozoal infe ...201222776056
a beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide from the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri.a novel beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide (β-defensin 1tb) containing 36 amino acid residues was purified and characterized from the serum of the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri. its amino acid sequence was determined as dhylcvknegiclysscpsytkiegtcyggkakcck, by edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis, and cdna cloning. evolution analysis indicated that β-defensin 1tb showed maximal similarity to the β-defensin 1 identified from cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus. β-defensin 1tb exe ...201222939868
normal hematologic and serum biochemical values of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).we obtained whole-blood hematologic and serum biochemical values from 38 captive-bred cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). data were analyzed to determine the effect of sex on blood parameters. significant differences between either the means or medians of male and female tamarins were found for creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, rbc count, and pcv. these results establish baseline hematologic and serum biochemical values and provide a useful resource not previously available in the peer-rev ...201222776113
identification of a novel adenovirus in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus).a novel adenovirus was identified in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with diarrhea by negative-staining electron microscopy of feces, consensus polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. partial sequences were obtained from the dna-dependent dna polymerase, the p52k gene, and the hexon. bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus is a member of the genus mastadenovirus, and is herein termed saguinus siadenovirus 1. the phylogeny of the mastadenoviruses ...201222379053
quantitative molecular assessment of chimerism across tissues in marmosets and tamarins.marmosets are playing an increasingly large and important role in biomedical research. they share genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans and other primate model species, but their smaller sizes, reproductive efficiency, and amenability to genetic manipulation offer an added practicality. while their unique biology can be exploited to provide insights into disease and function, it is also important that researchers are aware of the differences that exist between marmosets ...201222429831
distribution of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in a german zoological garden determined by is900 semi-nested and quantitative real-time pcr.little data concerning the distribution of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in zoological gardens is available. the presence of map in captured wildlife might provide further information on non-ruminant hosts and expand the list of animals susceptible to map being potential sources of map transmission. therefore, a german zoological garden with recent history of clinical paratuberculosis in barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia) and an alpaca (lama pacos) was selected to estimate the d ...201323298700
the repertoire of mhc class i genes in the common marmoset: evidence for functional plasticity.in humans, the classical antigen presentation function of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules is controlled by the human leukocyte antigen hla -a, hla-b and hla-c loci. a similar observation has been made for great apes and old world monkey species. in contrast, a new world monkey species such as the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) appears to employ the g locus for its classical antigen presentation function. at present, little is known about the classical mhc class i ...201324018468
social effects via olfactory sensory stimuli on reproductive function and dysfunction in cooperative breeding marmosets and tamarins.most primates are social species whose reproduction is influenced by their social relationships. the cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus, and the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, are cooperative breeding species where the family structure alters reproductive function in many ways. while primates receive social effects on reproduction via all sensory stimuli, the marmosets and tamarins are particularly influenced by olfactory/chemosensory stimuli. the olfactory sensory processing is the "soc ...201322890774
characterization of circulating natural killer cells in neotropical primates.despite extensive use of nonhuman primates as models for infectious diseases and reproductive biology, imprecise phenotypic and functional definitions exist for natural killer (nk) cells. this deficit is particularly significant in the burgeoning use of small, less expensive new world primate species. using polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood nk cells as cd3-negative and expressing a cluster of cell surface molecules characteristic of nk cells (i.e., nkg2a, nkp46, nkp30) ...201324244365
whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate.in humans, whispering has evolved as a counteractive strategy against eavesdropping. some evidence for whisper-like behavior exists in a few other species, but has not been reported in non-human primates. we discovered the first evidence of whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), in the course of investigating their use of human-directed mobbing calls. we exposed a family of captive cotton-top tamarins to a supervisor who previously elicited a str ...201324038444
catching up with cotton-top tamarins. 201323877601
predicting how individuals approach enrichment: regulatory focus in cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus).evidence is mounting that personality is associated with health and well-being in humans and other animals. in a step towards increasing our understanding of this link, we applied regulatory focus theory, a motivational perspective from social psychology, to the behavior of zoo-housed cotton top tamarins. we tested whether regulatory focus "personality," that is stable differences in whether an individual is motivated by gains versus safety, would 1) produce individual differences in behavior an ...201323649664
pulling to scale: motor planning for sequences of repeated actions by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).previous research has demonstrated that nontool-using primates are capable of sophisticated motor planning for a single action. the present study extends this work by asking whether monkeys are capable of planning a sequence of repetitive motor actions to accommodate a task demand. we presented tamarins with a tape measure baited with a food reward at near or far distances and measured their manual intergrasp distances as they reeled in the food. in condition 1, subjects viewed the reward as the ...201323586538
implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with elements equated for probability of reinforcement.three experiments examined the implicit learning of sequences under conditions in which the elements comprising a sequence were equated in terms of reinforcement probability. in experiment 1 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) experienced a five-element sequence displayed serially on a touch screen in which reinforcement probability was equated across elements at .16 per element. tamarins demonstrated learning of this sequence with higher latencies during a random test as compared to baseline ...201323344718
vocal modifications in primates: effects of noise and behavioral context on vocalization structure.during increased noise, modifications of the acoustic structure of vocalizations (amplitude, temporal, and spectral parameters) may allow release from masking, potentially conferring fitness benefits to vocally flexible signalers. among primates, humans have demonstrated extreme vocal flexibility during noise, with modifications to all three speech parameters affected by both noise type and motivational state of the signaler. while non-human primates have also demonstrated changes to call amplit ...201325411588
natural history and pathology of colon cancer in saguinus oedipus oedipus. 20133933926
the use of long acting subcutaneous levonorgestrel (lng) gel depot as an effective contraceptive option for cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered species that have been bred successfully in captivity for many years. for two decades, the cotton-top tamarin ssp(©) has been challenged with a high rate of reproduction combined with a history of contraceptive failures and nonrecommended births using the current depo provera(®) (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injection followed by mga (melengestrol acetate) implant contraception combination. to address these issues we have develop ...201320938969
does effort influence inequity aversion in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus)?the human sense of fairness entails sensitivity not just to equality, the equal division of resources, but also to merit, the relationship between an individual's share of resources and how hard they worked for their share. recent evidence suggests that our sensitivity to equality has deep phylogenetic roots: several nonhuman animal species show an aversion to unequal reward distributions. however, the extent to which nonhuman animals share sensitivity to merit remains poorly understood, largely ...201424894192
histology of the suprapubic and anogenital cutaneous glands in male cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).in cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), scent glands have been mostly studied in females from museum collections. this work aims to extend the investigation to male specimens, introducing a novel source of skin samples. two adult males from zoo populations, one intact and one castrated, were immediately frozen after natural death. skin samples were later collected at the thawing onset, soaked with cold fixative and processed for light microscopy. sebaceous units of scent glands showed phasic ...201424852065
fecal concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone in cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks: relationships among physiological data, environmental conditions, and behavioral patterns.the aim of this investigation was to study the welfare of 3 captive groups of cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks. ethological observations were conducted during 1 year. in addition, fecal samples were collected and the concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, and progestogens were measured. within each group, no significant differences in fecal cortisol concentrations were found between subjects. the fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone significantly d ...201424836597
gestalt principle use in college students, children with autism, toddlers (homo sapiens), and cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).the use of gestalt principles of proximity, similarity, and closure to recognize objects by configural superiority was examined in college students, low- and high-functioning children with autism, toddlers, and adult cotton top tamarin monkeys. at issue was whether the monkeys showed differences from humans in perceptual processing and whether they showed any similarities with clinical or developmental groups. the method required a pointing response to discriminate an odd item in a 4-item visual ...201424491175
twinning and survivorship of captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).here we present the results of a demographic analysis of 25 y (1985 to 2010) of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) records from the new england primate research center. summaries of longevity and survivorship are analyzed by birth-type category (including singletons, twins, triplets, and quadruplets) and sex. in addition, a brief evolutionary review is presented. surrogates of hematopoietic chimerism, twinning, and reproductive output are explored in a ...201424411773
fatal cowpox virus infection in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in germany.cowpox virus (cpxv) was isolated from a fatal outbreak among cotton-top tamarins. samples from healthy common marmosets in contact were also cpxv genome positive. the cpxv isolated from the cotton-top tamarins exhibited a unique hemagglutinin sequence. pathogenicity investigations using a wistar rat model characterized the isolate as low pathogenic.201424689730
species specificities among primates probed with commercially available fluorescence-based multiplex pcr typing kits.to assess species specificities among primates of signals from short tandem repeat (str) loci included in two commercially available kits, mainly the ampflstr identifiler kit and additionally the geneprint powerplex 16 system, we analyzed 69 dna samples from 22 nonhuman primate species representing apes, old world monkeys (owms), new world monkeys (nwms), and prosimians. each prosimian species and the nwm cotton-top tamarin apparently lacked all str loci probed. only one peak, the amelogenin-x p ...201525899252
pulmonary arterial disease associated with right-sided cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in zoo mammals housed at 2,100 m above sea level.subacute and chronic mountain sickness of humans and the related brisket disease of cattle are characterized by right-sided congestive heart failure in individuals living at high altitudes as a result of sustained hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. adaptations to high altitude and disease resistance vary among species, breeds, and individuals. the authors conducted a retrospective survey of right-sided cardiac hypertrophy associated with pulmonary arterial hypertrophy or arteriosclerosis in zoo mam ...201526667539
implicit learning in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and pigeons (columba livia).there is considerable interest in the conditions under which human subjects learn patterned information without explicit instructions to learn that information. this form of learning, termed implicit or incidental learning, can be approximated in nonhumans by exposing subjects to patterned information but delivering reinforcement randomly, thereby not requiring the subjects to learn the information in order to be reinforced. following acquisition, nonhuman subjects are queried as to what they ha ...201525673101
tail function during arboreal quadrupedalism in squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis) and tamarins (saguinus oedipus).the need to maintain stability on narrow branches is often presented as a major selective force shaping primate morphology, with adaptations to facilitate grasping receiving particular attention. the functional importance of a long and mobile tail for maintaining arboreal stability has been comparatively understudied. tails can facilitate arboreal balance by acting as either static counterbalances or dynamic inertial appendages able to modulate whole-body angular momentum. we investigate associa ...201526173756
noise-induced frequency modifications of tamarin vocalizations: implications for noise compensation in nonhuman primates.previous research suggests that nonhuman primates have limited flexibility in the frequency content of their vocalizations, particularly when compared to human speech. consistent with this notion, several nonhuman primate species have demonstrated noise-induced changes in call amplitude and duration, with no evidence of changes to spectral content. this experiment used broad- and narrow-band noise playbacks to investigate the vocal control of two call types produced by cotton-top tamarins (sagui ...201526107515
variation in prolactin is related to variation in sexual behavior and contact affiliation.prolactin is associated with both maternal and paternal care and appears important in developing a bond between parent and infant. in contrast with oxytocin, another hormone important in infant care, there is scant information on the role of prolactin in maintaining adult heterosexual relationships. we present here the first results demonstrating a relationship between prolactin levels and sexual and contact affiliation behavior in a pair-bonded species. we studied cotton-top tamarins, a sociall ...201525799436
do mothers prefer helpers or smaller litters? birth sex ratio and litter size adjustment in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).sex allocation theory has been a remarkably productive field in behavioral ecology with empirical evidence regularly supporting quantitative theoretical predictions. across mammals in general and primates in particular, however, support for the various hypotheses has been more equivocal. population-level sex ratio biases have often been interpreted as supportive, but evidence for small-scale facultative adjustment has rarely been found. the helper repayment (hr) also named the local resource enh ...201525691984
isolation and characterization of a novel helicobacter species, helicobacter jaachi sp. nov., from common marmosets (callithrix jaachus).purpose-bred common marmosets from domestic sources housed in a us research facility, and used in multiple drug discovery programmes, were noted to have a high incidence of spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease and sporadic cholecystitis and cholangiohepatitis. inflammatory infiltrates increased in incidence and severity with age. because helicobacter spp. have been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, samples from the gastrointestinal tracts of 39 marmosets were screened for helicobacter spp. ...201526297446
helicobacter saguini, a novel helicobacter isolated from cotton-top tamarins with ulcerative colitis, has proinflammatory properties and induces typhlocolitis and dysplasia in gnotobiotic il-10-/- mice.a urease-negative, fusiform, novel bacterium named helicobacter saguini was isolated from the intestines and feces of cotton-top tamarins (ctts) with chronic colitis. helicobacter sp. was detected in 69% of feces or intestinal samples from 116 ctts. the draft genome sequence, obtained by illumina miseq sequencing, for h. saguini isolate mit 97-6194-5, consisting of ∼2.9 mb with a g+c content of 35% and 2,704 genes, was annotated using the ncbi prokaryotic genomes automatic annotation pipeline. h ...201627245408
an assessment of the population of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and their habitat in colombia.numerous animals have declining populations due to habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, and climate change. the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) is a critically endangered primate species, endemic to northwest colombia, threatened by deforestation and illegal trade. in order to assess the current state of this species, we analyzed changes in the population of cotton-top tamarins and its habitat from 2005 to 2012. we used a tailor-made "lure strip transect" method to survey 43 accessible fo ...201628030570
fluctuating and directional asymmetry in the long bones of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).skeletal asymmetries reflect developmental stability and mechanical, functional, and physiological influences on bone growth. in humans, researchers have documented the greatest limb bone bilateral asymmetry in diaphyseal breadths, with less asymmetry in articular and maximum length dimensions. however, it remains unclear as to whether the pattern observed for humans is representative of nonhuman primates, wherein bilateral loading may minimize directional asymmetry. this study adds to the small ...201626801822
non-human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal androgen exposure in mixed-sex litters: combined demographic, behavioral, and genetic analyses.producing single versus multiple births has important life history trade-offs, including the potential benefits and risks of sharing a common in utero environment. sex hormones can diffuse through amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, and females with male littermates risk exposure to high levels of fetal testosterone, which are shown to have masculinizing effects and negative fitness consequences in many mammals. whereas most primates give birth to single offspring, several new world monkey and s ...201627434275
environmental complexity and feeding enrichment can mitigate effects of space constraints in captive callitrichids.non-human primates housed in zoos and laboratories often exhibit reduced activity and this poses welfare concerns. we examined the effects of enclosure types of differing size and environmental complexity on the activities of two species of callitrichids. we found that cotton-top tamarins housed in an enclosure of larger size and more environmental complexity showed higher activity levels, which was mainly contributed by more feeding/foraging activity. by contrast, goeldi's monkeys housed in an ...201626025915
avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: lessons from the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus).much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. in terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. the current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. until relatively recently there has not been a ...201627350726
identification of igh gene rearrangement and immunophenotype in an animal model of epstein-barr virus-associated lymphomas.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a human oncogenic herpesvirus associated with lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. because the susceptible hosts of eb virus are limited to human and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), there have been no appropriate animal models until the lymphoma model induced by ebv in human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hu-pbl)/scid chimeric mice was reported. however, it is still controversial whether the ebv-associated lymphoma induced in hu-pbl/scid mice is a monoclonal t ...201626991077
fatal angiostrongylus dujardini infection in callitrichid monkeys and suricates in an italian zoological garden.this paper reports four fatal cases of metastrongylid nematode angiostrongylus dujardini infection observed in a saguinus oedipus and a callimico goeldii monkey and in two suricates (suricata suricatta). all animals were kept in captivity in a zoo of central italy. the two monkeys died with no premonitory signs, while the two-month-old suricates showed malaise, anorexia and tachypnea for a few days prior to death. cardiomegaly and/or granulomatous pneumonia were the major anatomo-pathological fi ...201627094227
bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. nov., bifidobacterium avesanii sp. nov. and bifidobacterium ramosum sp. nov.: three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus l.).forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus l.). all isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. in this study, only eight out of the forty-five strains were characterized more deeply, whereas the others are still currently under investigation. they were grouped by box-pcr into thr ...201627236565
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non-human primates.due to a sporadic occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in non-human primates (nhp), the susceptibility of different nhp to map should be investigated.201728444886
[chromosomal aberrations in a subfertile cotton-top tamarin].the present case report describes a female cotton-top tamarin which was taken over by the zoo basel to form a new breeding pair. the animal demonstrated increased marking behavior without any obvious medical reasons, dominant behavior, failure to become pregnant and its external genitals were ambiguous. a disorder of the sexual development (dsd) was suspected by the zoo veterinarians and in a first step, the chromosomes of the monkey were analyzed. six cell lines with different karyotypes were o ...201728703709
classification of cowpox viruses into several distinct clades and identification of a novel lineage.cowpox virus (cpxv) was considered as uniform species within the genus orthopoxvirus (opv). previous phylogenetic analysis indicated that cpxv is polyphyletic and isolates may cluster into different clades with two of these clades showing genetic similarities to either variola (varv) or vaccinia viruses (vacv). further analyses were initiated to assess both the genetic diversity and the evolutionary background of circulating cpxvs. here we report the full-length sequences of 20 cpxv strains isol ...201728604604
artificial grammar learning in tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in varying stimulus contexts.the human ability to detect regularities in sound sequences is a fundamental substrate of our language faculty. however, is this an ability exclusive to human language processing, or have we usurped a more general learning mechanism for this purpose, one shared with other species? the current study is an attempt to replicate and extend hauser, weiss, and marcus's (2002) retracted study (2010) of artificial grammar learning in tamarins to determine if tamarins can detect an underlying grammatical ...201728277720
stick-weaving: innovative behavior in tamarins (saguinus oedipus).some captive cotton-top tamarins spontaneously weave sticks in the mesh of their enclosures so that the stick is lodged between two mesh openings. sticks are broken from natural branches placed in the enclosures and often modified by biting them in the center before weaving through the mesh. to investigate this further, we systematically surveyed all animals in our colony and found that all successful stick-weaving tamarins were descendants from only 2 of the 16 breeding groups contributing to t ...201728277719
how long does it take? reliable personality assessment based on common behaviour in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).individual variation in behaviour has been shown to have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. research on animal personality has therefore received considerable attention, yet some methodological issues remain unresolved. we tested whether assessing personality by coding common behaviours is as time-consuming method as some researchers believe it to be. altogether, 300 hours of observation were collected on 20 captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). we first examined the r ...201830157466
bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov., bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov., bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. and bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov.: four novel taxa isolated from the faeces of the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) and the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator).four novel gram-stain-positive, non spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains were isolated from the faeces of a cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) and an emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna revealed that bifidobacterial strains tre 1t exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to bifidobacterium catulorum dsm 103154 (96.0%) and bifidobacterium tissieri dsm 100201 (96.0%); tre dt and tre ht were closely related to bifidobacte ...201830150092
corrigendum to "bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. nov., bifidobacterium avesanii sp. nov. and bifidobacterium ramosum sp. nov.: three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus l.)" [syst. appl. microbiol. 39 (2016) 229-236]. 201829784440
systems underlying human and old world monkey communication: one, two, or infinite.using artificially synthesized stimuli, previous research has shown that cotton-top tamarin monkeys easily learn simple ab grammar sequences, but not the more complex anbn sequences that require hierarchical structure. humans have no trouble learning anbn combinations. a more recent study, using similar artificially created stimuli, showed that there is a neuroanatomical difference in the brain between these two kinds of arrays. while the simpler ab sequences recruit the frontal operculum, the a ...201931551849
positional encoding in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).strategies used in artificial grammar learning can shed light into the abilities of different species to extract regularities from the environment. in the a(x)nb rule, a and b items are linked, but assigned to different positional categories and separated by distractor items. open questions are how widespread is the ability to extract positional regularities from a(x)nb patterns, which strategies are used to encode positional regularities and whether individuals exhibit preferences for absolute ...201931264123
inferential reasoning in the visual and auditory modalities by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).nonhuman primate species appear to vary markedly in inferential reasoning abilities as measured by a classic inference-by-exclusion cup task. even within species, individuals who can solve the cup task in the visual domain often struggle to use analogous auditory cues. here we tested five cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), cooperatively breeding new world monkeys that use both visual and auditory information when foraging, to investigate whether they might be able to solve the inference-by- ...201931094534
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase expression by helicobacter saguini, an enterohepatic helicobacter species isolated from cotton top tamarins with chronic colitis.helicobacter saguini is a novel enterohepatic helicobacter species isolated from captive cotton top tamarins with chronic colitis and colon cancer. monoassociated h. saguini infection in gnotobiotic il-10-/- mice causes typhlocolitis and dysplasia; however, the virulent mechanisms of this species are unknown. gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) is an enzymatic virulence factor expressed by pathogenic helicobacter and campylobacter species that inhibits host cellular proliferation and promotes inf ...201930365223
postcranial skeletal differences in free-range and captive-born primates.skeletal morphology is important in evolutionary, genetic, developmental, physiological, and functional studies. although samples from free-ranging individuals may be preferable, constraints of sample size, demography, or conservation status may necessitate the inclusion of captive-born individuals. captivity may be associated with physical, physiological, or behavioral differences that may affect skeletal form. this study assesses differences in postcranial skeletal form between free-range and ...201930312525
a comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys.in many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same-age siblings have been less-studied in primates because most species bear single young. however, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variati ...201931389057
nonhuman primate welfare: can there be a relationship between personality, lateralization and physiological indicators?measuring personality is being used to improved nonhuman primate welfare. to expand its use, it is important to identify traits that are shared between species and that measures are reliable, easy to use and less time consuming. combining personality and other indicators strong validation of the results can be obtained. in the present study, we sought to determine if there is a link between physiological stress response (fecal cortisol metabolites), personality (ratings made by animal keepers an ...201931271769
evolution of the human chromosome 13 synteny: evolutionary rearrangements, plasticity, human disease genes and cancer breakpoints.the history of each human chromosome can be studied through comparative cytogenetic approaches in mammals which permit the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species. comparative banding, chromosome painting, bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) mapping and genome data permit researchers to formulate hypotheses about ancestral chromosome forms. human chromosome 13 has been previously shown to be conserved as a single syntenic element in the ancestral prima ...202032244767
comparative assessment of behaviorally derived personality structures in golden-handed tamarins (saguinus midas), cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).one way to address questions about the origins and adaptive significance of personality dimensions is by comparing the personality structures of closely related species that differ in their socioecological circumstances. for the present study, we compared the personalities of captive golden-handed tamarins (saguinus midas; n = 28), cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus; n = 20), and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus; n = 17). all 3 species are new world monkeys of the family callitrichidae. t ...202032391706
draft genome sequences of novel campylobacter species isolated from nonhuman primates.campylobacter species are being increasingly isolated and associated with disease in humans and animals. here, we describe four draft genome sequences of campylobacter species from nonhuman primates. these include campylobacter troglodytis, isolated from wild chimpanzees, and two likely new campylobacter species isolated from a lemur, common marmoset, and cotton-top tamarin.202032273357
full-length mhc class ii alleles in three new world monkey species.thirty newly identified full-length mhc class ii alleles in three new world monkey species.202031705598
natural transmission of helicobacter saguini causes multigenerational inflammatory bowel disease in c57/129 il-10-/- mice.cotton-top tamarins (ctts) are an ideal model of human inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) because these animals develop multigenerational, lower bowel cancer. we previously isolated and characterized a novel enterohepatic helicobacter species, helicobacter saguini, from ctts with ibd and documented that h. saguini infection in germfree c57bl il-10-/- mice recapitulates ibd, suggesting that h. saguini influences ibd etiopathogenesis. in this study, we utilized a germfree il-10-/- model to illustrat ...202032213619
in vivo characterization of a bank vole-derived cowpox virus isolate in natural hosts and the rat model.cowpox virus (cpxv) belongs to the genus orthopoxvirus in the poxviridae family and is endemic in western eurasia. based on seroprevalence studies in different voles from continental europe and uk, voles are suspected to be the major reservoir host. recently, a cpxv was isolated from a bank vole (myodes glareolus) in germany that showed a high genetic similarity to another isolate originating from a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). here we characterize this first bank vole-derived cpxv iso ...202032093366
angiostrongylus cantonensis central nervous system infection in captive callitrichids in texas.angiostrongylus cantonensis is a tropical lungworm of rats known for central nervous system migration in aberrant primate hosts. here, we describe a. cantonensis infection in three captive callitrichids from a texas zoo. the affected animals included a goeldi's monkey (callimico goeldii), a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), and a pied tamarin (saguinus bicolor) that ranged from 8 to 18 years old. clinical signs included lethargy, ataxia, and seizures. histologically, these animals had an eo ...202032057389
gum feeder as environmental enrichment for zoo marmosets and tamarins.tamarins and marmosets are small-bodied social callitrichines. wild callitrichines feed on exudates, such as sap and gum; particularly, marmosets are mainly gummivores, while tamarins consume gums only occasionally and opportunistically. zoo marmosets and tamarins are usually provided with gum arabic as an alternative to the exudates normally found in the wild. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a gum feeder on the behavior and well-being of four zoo-managed callitrichines. we ...202031944345
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