Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| selective breeding of house musk shrew (suncus murinus) lines in relation to emesis induced by veratrine sulfate. | 2000 | 10894492 | |
| peroxidase activity in the submandibular gland of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (soricidae, insectivora). | endogenous peroxidase activity in the submandibular gland of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus was cytochemically investigated by light and electron microscopy using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride salt (dab). the submandibular glands of male suncus murinus at 8-month-olds were excised and diced into small pieces. in general, salivary glands are structurally divided into a terminal portion comprising a secretory portion and duct system. the submandibular gland of the suncus murinus, ... | 2000 | 10860402 |
| the development of the emetic reflex in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the emetic (retching and vomiting) reflex is an important component of the body's defence system against accidentally ingested toxins and emesis is also a common symptom of disease and a side-effect of a number of pharmacological therapies. the development of the reflex has been the subject of few systematic studies. the aim of this study was to characterise the development of the emetic reflex in suncus murinus (the house musk shrew) using emetic stimuli acting via three different afferent path ... | 2000 | 10837890 |
| olfactory bulbectomy blocks mating-induced ovulation in musk shrews (suncus murinus). | in many species, reproductive function can be modified by olfactory inputs. we employed bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (bulbx) to examine the effects of disruption of olfactory inputs on mating behavior and ovulation in female musk shrews. on several measures, sexual behavior was delayed in bulbx females compared to controls. when females were mated on five consecutive days, the majority of unoperated and sham-operated (sham) shrews ovulated; only one female subjected to bulbx ovulated. administ ... | 2000 | 10727277 |
| the suncus (suncus murinus) shows poor metabolic phenotype for trimethylamine n-oxygenation. | in vitro and in vivo n-oxygenation of trimethylamine (tma) in the suncus (suncus murinus) was investigated. the n-oxygenation of tma has been thought to be catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo). in a previous study, we found that the levels of mrnas for fmos were extremely low in the suncus. thus, we intended to evaluate the capacity of the suncus to n-oxygenate tma compared to the rat. eadie-hofstee plots of the tma n-oxygenation by suncus liver microsomes showed a biphasic pattern ... | 2000 | 10631126 |
| a high-level expression of cyp2a in the lung of the suncus (suncus murinus) and its role in the activation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. | northern blot analysis of mrna prepared from the lung of suncus murinus (suncus), which was classified as an ancestor of primates, revealed that the expression level of cytochrome p450 2a (cyp2a) mrna was about 100-fold higher than in the lung from rats and mice. to confirm that the pulmonary cyp2a of the suncus had a catalytic activity, the metabolism of a specific substrate for cyp2a6, (+)-cis-3,5-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl) thiazolidin-4-one hydrochloride (sm-12502), was determined. the intrinsic ... | 2000 | 10708563 |
| the effects of cyclophosphamide on neurotransmission in the urinary bladder of suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. | this study has shown that cyclophosphamide treatment of the insectivore suncus murinus, causes a down regulation in both muscarinic and p2x receptors, together with a reduced responsiveness to exogenous histamine (0.3 mm) in the urinary bladder. electrical field stimulation (70 v, 0.3 ms, 0.5-16 hz, 10 s every 5 min) of bladders from both control and cyclophosphamide-treated animals showed identical responses. since post-junctional alterations have been revealed by the reduced responsiveness to ... | 2000 | 10785278 |
| association of the developing acrosome with multiple small golgi units, the golgi satellites, in spermatids of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the spermatozoa of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, have a fan-like giant acrosome with a diameter of approximately 20 mm. the aim of this study was to investigate how this giant acrosome is constructed in the musk shrew spermatid and, in particular, how the golgi apparatus involved in acrosome formation behaves. the behaviour of the golgi apparatus was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy with antibody against a golgi-associated rab6 small gtpase. in the early golgi phase, small golgi ... | 2000 | 10864813 |
| effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and vasopressin on female sexual behavior. | the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of four neuropeptides on female sexual behavior were examined in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus). in the first experiment, (icv) infusion of 100 ng of the mammalian form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mgnrh) facilitated rapid display of receptivity. gonadotropin-releasing hormone-infused females had shorter latencies to rump present and tail wag, compared with controls. in a second experiment, icv administration of the other form o ... | 2000 | 10868484 |
| pathogenicity of helicobacter species isolated from the stomach of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | 2000 | 10987673 | |
| the house musk shrew (suncus murinus): a unique animal with extremely low level of expression of mrnas for cyp3a and flavin-containing monooxygenase. | expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes including cytochrome p450 (cyp) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) in various tissues of suncus murinus (suncus) were examined. northern blot analysis showed that mrnas hybridizable with cdnas for rat cyp1a2, human cyp2a6, rat cyp2b1, human cyp2c8, human cyp2d6, rat cyp2e1, human cyp3a4 and rat cyp4a1 were expressed in various tissues from suncus. the mrna level of cyp2a in the suncus lung was very high. furthermore, it was found that the level of c ... | 2000 | 11048672 |
| [plague in the port of mahajanga: 6 inhabitants out of 1000 carry the anti-f1 antibody in 1999]. | the authors report the results of a randomized epidemiological survey aiming to assess the sero-prevalence of plague in the general population > or = 2-year-old in mahajanga. in 656 sera tested (by elisa), the prevalence of anti-f1 antibodies was found to be 6.1%@1000 inhabitants, close to the expected prevalence in the area, where plague reappeared in 1991 after 62 years of absence. the study also demonstrated that the shrew, suncus murinus, is an important reservoir in the plague transmission ... | 2000 | 12463025 |
| accumulation of the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion in suncus (suncus murinus) brain: implication for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in brain microvessels. | the metabolism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) was examined in an effort to evaluate the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) expressed in the brain of suncus (suncus murinus) and rats. mptp was metabolized to generate both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (mpp(+)) and mptp n-oxide by brain homogenates from rats. although the level of mpp(+)-producing activity was similar in suncus and rats, a remarkable difference was found between the animal species in mptp n-oxy ... | 2001 | 11258972 |
| analysis of the epitopes on staphylococcal enterotoxin a responsible for emetic activity. | to identify which region of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) is responsible for the emetic activity, twelve synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire sea amino acid sequence and their respective anti-peptide antibodies were prepared and tested. the anti-peptide antibodies were tested for neutralization of sea-induced emesis in suncus murinus (shrew mouse). the results indicate that sea-induced emesis was neutralized by the mixture of three anti-peptide antibodies to a-7 (corresponding to ... | 2001 | 11307922 |
| comparison of sucrase-free isomaltase with sucrase-isomaltase purified from the house musk shrew suncus murinus. | we purified sucrase-isomaltase and sucrase-free isomaltase from a normal and a sucrase-deficient line, respectively, of the house musk shrew suncus murinus and examined the effects of mutation on enzyme structure and activities. recent cdna cloning studies have predicted that sucrase-free mutant isomaltase lacks the c-terminal 69 amino acids of normal isomaltase, as well as the entire sucrase. on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purified sucrase-free isomaltase gave a single protein band o ... | 2001 | 11341943 |
| chromosomal mapping of 18s-28s rrna genes and 10 cdna clones of human chromosome 1 in the musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the direct r-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method was used to map 18s-28s ribosomal rna genes and 10 human cdna clones on the chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). the chromosomal locations of 18s-28s ribosomal rna genes were examined in the five laboratory lines and wild animals captured in the philippines and vietnam, and the genes were found on chromosomes 5, 6, 9, and 13 with geographic variation. the comparative mapping of 10 cdna clones of human chromosome 1 d ... | 2001 | 11447248 |
| [two new species of stivalius (siphonaptera--pygiopsyllidae--pygiopsyllinae) from indonesia]. | the fleas, s. meridionalis n. sp. from timor and s. franciscae n. sp. from sulawesi, indonesia are described and illustrated. s. meridionalis was collected in central timor (timor tengah) at elevations between 930 m and 1,520 m, mainly from the murine rodent rattus tanezumi, although one specimen was recovered from a house shrew, suncus murinus. s. franciscae was collected in central sulawesi (sulawesi tengah) at known elevations between 950 m and 2,255 m from six species of native endemic murin ... | 2001 | 11474982 |
| [resurgence of the plague in the ikongo district of madagascar in 1998. 2. reservoirs and vectors implicated]. | our survey of mammals and fleas arose as a result of an outbreak of bubonic plague at an usually low altitude in the ikongo district (madagascar), while a previous study had found anti-f1 antibodies in an endemic hedgehog. animals were sampled with live traps in two hamlets (antanambao-vohidrotra, 540 m alt. and ambalagoavy, 265 m alt.) and with pitfall traps in a neighbouring forest (750 m alt.). rat fleas were collected by brushing the fur and free-living fleas by use of light traps. the intro ... | 2001 | 11475029 |
| conditioned food aversion in suncus murinus (house musk shrew) - a new model for the study of nausea in a species with an emetic reflex. | the lack of a small animal model with an emetic reflex in which the relationship between conditioned food aversion and emesis could be investigated prompted a study of the insectivore, suncus murinus (the house musk shrew). a novel food (either tuna or chicken cat food) was paired (c+) with a single exposure to either nicotine (4 mg/kg sc), motion (1 hz, 4 cm, 10 min) or lithium chloride (100 mg/kg ip) or was paired (c-) with either saline or sham exposure to motion. nicotine and motion both ind ... | 2001 | 11495664 |
| comparative fish mapping of human cdna clones to chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora). | forty-one cdna clones of human functional genes were newly mapped to chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and a comparative cytogenetic map of 51 genes, including 10 genes reported in our previous study, was constructed between human (hsa) and musk shrew (smu) chromosomes. in this comparative map, the 51 genes localized to human autosomes, except hsa 8, 16, and 20, were mapped to 15 shrew autosomes, except smu 4, 16, 17 and 18. twelve ... | 2001 | 11528122 |
| role of autonomic nervous system for development and suppression of motion sickness in suncus murinus. | to clarify the role of autonomic nervous function in motion sickness, the effect of agents that act on the autonomic nervous system on the motion stimuli-induced emesis was studied in two strains of suncus murinus (jic:sun-her and jic:sun-ler) with congenitally different sensitivity to veratrine sulfate. we demonstrated significant differences between the two strains in sensitivity to motion stimuli. isoproterenol (2.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) significantly prolonged the latency to the first emetic epis ... | 2001 | 11775707 |
| diabetic cataract of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) exhibiting spontaneous non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). | the eds colony, developed as a new laboratory colony of the musk shrew, is characterized by a high incidence of early-onset spontaneous non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). in this colony, a few diabetic shrews exhibited a cataract at 1 month after the onset of diabetes, and all diabetic shrews had bilateral cataracts at 5 months after the onset of diabetes. in contrast, cataractous animals were never observed among non-diabetic shrews. these results suggest that the cataract in the ... | 2001 | 11769547 |
| opioid receptor involvement in the adaptation to motion sickness in suncus murinus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate an opioid receptor involvement in the adaptation response to motion sickness in suncus murinus. different groups of animals were treated intraperitoneally with either saline, morphine (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg), naloxone (1.0, 10.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) or a combination of naloxone plus morphine in the absence or 30 min prior to a horizontal motion stimulus of 1 hz and 40 mm amplitude. for the study of adaptation, different groups received saline on the first tr ... | 2001 | 11526974 |
| effects of acetylcholine and gaba on neurons in the area postrema of suncus murinus brainstem slices. | slices (400 microm) containing the area postrema were prepared from three japanese house musk shrews. data reported are from 16 representative units. units fell into one of three separate groups with spontaneous firing rates of 36-41/s, 16-18/sec. and 6-8/sec., possibly reflecting different set points of an endogenous pacemaker. most neurons did not respond to ionophoresis of gaba or ach. in those that did, ach briefly increased spike frequency in a dose-dependent manner. the firing pattern sugg ... | 2001 | 11502349 |
| cardiorespiratory reflexes in a working heart-brainstem preparation of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | in this study, we adapted the working heart-brainstem preparation (whbp) from rodents to the insectivore, suncus murinus. suncus whbps had a baseline heart rate of 333 +/- 8 beats min(-1), a perfusion pressure of 69 +/- 2 mm hg and a respiratory cycle length of 6.5 +/- 0.7 s. administration of atropine produced an increase in heart rate of 26 +/- 9 beats min(-1) indicative of the presence of cardiac vagal tone. activation of baroreceptors produced pressure-dependent reflex falls in heart rate an ... | 2001 | 11474647 |
| spermatozoa of the shrew, suncus murinus, undergo the acrosome reaction and then selectively kill cells in penetrating the cumulus oophorus. | in the musk shrew, suncus murinus (and other shrews), the cumulus oophorus is ovulated as a discrete, compact, matrix-free ball of cells linked by specialized junctions. in examining how they penetrate the cumulus, suncus spermatozoa were observed to first bind consistently by the ventral face over the acrosomal region to the exposed smooth surface of a peripheral cumulus cell. this was apparently followed by point fusions between the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes. thereafter, spermatozoa ... | 2001 | 11466224 |
| calbindin-d28k and calretinin immunoreactive neurons in the olfactory bulb of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the distribution, morphological features, and postnatal development of calbindin-d28k (cb) and calretinin (cr) immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb (mob) of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, were studied by immunostaining to determine the degree of colocalization of cb and cr, and the relationship of cb and cr to neuron development in the mob of animals of the order insectivora. in adults, cb-positive neurons were identified as periglomerular and perinidal cells in the periglomerular ... | 2001 | 11454409 |
| genital grooming and emesis induced by vanilloids in suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. | the potential of resiniferatoxin and capsaicin to modulate emesis and genital grooming was investigated in suncus murinus. resinifertoxin (3-30 nmol, i.c.v.), e-capsaicin (10-100 nmol, i.c.v.) and z-capsaicin (100 nmol, i.c.v.) induced emesis (p<0.05) and subsequently antagonised the emetic response induced by intragastric copper sulphate (480.6 micromol/kg; p<0.05). however, resiniferatoxin failed to affect nicotine-induced (30.7 mol/kg, s.c.) emesis (p>0.05). only resiniferatoxin induced genit ... | 2001 | 11430930 |
| apoptosis in regressive deciduous tooth germs of suncus murinus evaluated by the the tunel method and electron microscopy. | apoptosis in regressive primary (deciduous) dental primordia was examined in the embryos of suncus murinus, which is a monophyodont. the primary tooth germs of s. murinus are temporarily formed and disappear during the embryonic period before they are calcified. most primary tooth germs reach the bell stage and degenerate by embryonic day 22 (e22). light microscopy on haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections revealed that intensely labelled granular substances are frequently present in the epithelial ... | 2001 | 11369320 |
| tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) interferes with conditioned retching in suncus murinus: an animal model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (anv). | little is understood about effective countermeasures to the expression of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (anv) in chemotherapy patients. we present a model of anv based on the emetic reactions of the suncus murinus (musk shrew). following two pairings of a novel distinctive contextual cue with the emetic effects of an injection of lithium chloride, the context acquired the potential to elicit retching in the absence of the toxin. the expression of this conditioned retching reaction was complet ... | 2001 | 11277577 |
| possible involvement of 5-ht4 receptors, in addition to 5-ht3 receptors, in the emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin in suncus murinus. | to clarify the mechanism for the severe emesis concomitant with intensive chemotherapy, we investigated the effects of 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonists on the emesis induced by the high-dose of cisplatin in suncus murinus. the emesis induced by 50 mg/kg of cisplatin was reduced by the oral pretreatment with tropisetron, which is known as a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor dual antagonist in vitro, with the id50 value of 0.52 mg/kg. on the contrary, granisetron, a selective 5-ht3-receptor antagonis ... | 2001 | 11243577 |
| nidus and tasseled cell: distinctive neuronal organization of the main olfactory bulb of the laboratory musk shrew (suncus murinus). | we revealed the structural features of particular synaptic regions, nidi, and newly found neurons, tasseled cells, in the main olfactory bulb (mob) of the laboratory musk shrew (suncus murinus). nidi were intensely immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) and calbindin d28k (cb), were 30-80 microm in diameter, and were located beneath glomeruli, appearing to make glomerulus-nidus unit-like complexes. in contrast to glomeruli, they contained few or no olfactory nerves. nidi were distr ... | 2001 | 11169486 |
| an arterially perfused decerebrate preparation of suncus murinus (house musk shrew) for the study of emesis and swallowing. | arterially perfused, decerebrate preparations of the insectivore, suncus murinus were made to determine whether the emetic reflex could be activated in such a preparation using a range of stimuli shown to be emetic in conscious or anaesthetised suncus. efferent phrenic and vagus nerve activities and electromyograms (emgs) from the temporalis, abdominal oesophagus and trapezius muscles were recorded, as well as longitudinal shortening of the oesophagus and dorso-ventral movements of the thorax. t ... | 2002 | 12481931 |
| role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in suncus murinus. | to clarify the role of the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular and emetic responses, we studied the influence of drugs that act on autonomic nervous function on emetic and cardiovascular responses induced by chemical or mechanical stimulation to the stomach in two strains of suncus murinus, jic:sun-her and jic:sun-ler. latency to the first retching in jic:sun-her was significantly shorter than that in jic:sun-ler to both mechanical and chemical stimulation. this result indicated that ther ... | 2002 | 12422958 |
| the effect of serotonin and serotonin receptor antagonists on motion sickness in suncus murinus. | in the present study, we investigated the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) and 5-ht receptor agonists and antagonists on motion sickness in suncus murinus, and the possibility that the emetic stimulus of 5-ht can alter the sensitivity of the animals to the different emetic stimulus of motion sickness. 5-ht (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg ip) induced emesis and that was antagonised by methysergide (1.0 mg/kg ip), the 5-ht(4) receptor antagonist sulphamate[1-[2-[(methylsulphonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-pi ... | 2002 | 12213545 |
| the force driving mating behavior in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the mating behavior of the domesticated house musk shrew was observed in detail under laboratory conditions. the observations revealed that the house musk shrew has a series of behaviors before copulation. tactile, auditory and chemical senses appear to function as flags for the recognition of conspecifics and to promote the development of an interaction between the sexes. the tactile senses and the use of the snout were particularly important in the mating sequence, and mutual contact appeared ... | 2002 | 12193801 |
| vasopressin induces emesis in suncus murinus. | this paper reports that vasopressin is emetogenic in the house musk shrew suncus murinus. either intravenous or intracerebroventricular administration of vasopressin caused vomiting within a few minutes. the ed50 of intravenous vasopressin was as high as 4.67 microg/kg, whereas intracerebroventricularly injected vasopressin was effective at a low dose of 20 ng/brain. the emetogenic target of vasopressin may therefore be present in the central nervous system. we propose the suncus as a useful ani ... | 2002 | 12184741 |
| structure of the palate and pharynx in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | anatomical features of the palates and pharynges in suncus murinus were examined through a dissecting microscope. the palatopharyngei (pp) on both sides join at the caudal, median line of the palatine velum and converge in an area immediately caudal to a mucosal notch, the pharyngeal torus before radiating into the dorsal wall of the esophagus. some muscle bundles of the pp are attached to the veli palatini cartilage. the nasopharyngeal cartilage is situated rostral to curved mucosal plicae of t ... | 2002 | 12169826 |
| origin and migration of interneurons of the olfactory bulb in the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the olfactory bulb of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is characterized by the presence of various interneurons. our previous report (kakuta et al., 2001) demonstrated that positive immunoreactions for calretinin were observed in periglomerular and perinidal cells in the glomerular layer, small ovoid neurons in the external plexiform layer, and granule cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb in the musk shrew aged 1 to 5 weeks, in addition to calretinin-immunoreactive bipolar cells ... | 2002 | 12164339 |
| three-dimensional distribution patterns of prl, gh and acth cells in the house musk shrew ( suncus murinus). | despite a multitude of reports on the classification and distribution of anterior pituitary cells, no previous study has attempted to obtain the three-dimensional (3d) and computer-graphic distribution pattern of each cell type in the whole pituitary. therefore, we mapped the anterior pituitary cells of the house musk shrew ( suncus murinus) and found a distinct cellular distribution pattern. serial horizontal sections of whole shrew pituitaries were stained immunohistochemically for prolactin ( ... | 2002 | 12021918 |
| developmental study of the anal tonsil in the laboratory shrew, suncus murinus. | the laboratory shrew, suncus murinus, which lacks such gut associated lymph organs as the appendix and peyer's plates, was recently demonstrated (kubo and isomura, 1996) to possess a pair of anal tonsils at the end of its rectum. the present paper deals with the development of this lymphoid organ as observed by light and electron microscopy. the anal tonsil was characterized by the initial postnatal development. on neonatal day 1, a pair of epithelial crypts formed at the dorsal boundary between ... | 2002 | 12002615 |
| diurnal fluctuations of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | diurnal fluctuations of heart rate (hr), body temperature (bt) and locomotor activity (la) in the unanaesthetized and unrestrained house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were studied using a telemetry system. six adult male shrews (jic:sun) weighing 60-70 g were used in the present study. they were housed under conditions of 24 c and a 12/12-hr light-dark cycle. hr, bt and la were recorded over 10 days, following the post-implantation period (10 days or more) of the telemetric transmitter. a clear no ... | 2002 | 11871153 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of c-fos protein in neurons of the medulla oblongata of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) after veratrine administration. | we subcutaneously injected 0.5 mg/kg veratrine into the musk shrew (suncus murinus), observed the presence or absence, latency, and the incidence of vomiting in each animal for 90 min, and selected animals that frequently vomited (fv group) and those that did not vomit (nv group). subsequently, animal brains were removed, and the induction of c-fos protein (fos) was immunohistochemically examined to evaluate neuronal activity in the medulla oblongata. the distribution of fos-positive neurons in ... | 2002 | 11871148 |
| mating behavior is controlled by acute changes in metabolic fuels. | mild food restriction for 48 h inhibits mating behavior in female musk shrews (suncus murinus). however, mating behavior is restored after a 90-min feeding bout. in this series of experiments, we examined the role of metabolic fuels in this behavioral restoration. first, drugs reported to block glycolysis or fatty acid oxidation were given 2 h before mating. both treatments inhibited mating in food-restricted females that were refed after treatment. blood glucose levels were assessed in females ... | 2002 | 11832399 |
| amphetamine and morphine produce a conditioned taste and place preference in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | rats have been shown to avoid consuming a flavor, but prefer a location, previously paired with amphetamine or morphine. a series of 4 experiments evaluated the hedonic properties of amphetamine and morphine in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), an insectivore that (unlike rats) is capable of vomiting when exposed to toxins. unlike rats, amphetamine (20 mg/kg) and morphine (20 mg/kg) produced both a conditioned sucrose (0.3 m) and saccharin (0.1%) preference in shrews (administered intraperi ... | 2002 | 11868236 |
| type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora: soricidae): cloning and characterization of complementary dna, unique tissue distribution and regulation by t(3). | the house musk shrew suncus murinus (insectivora: soricidae) has been reported as having low thyroxine to 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (t(3)) converting activity in liver and kidney homogenates and was assumed to be type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (d1)-deficient. to study whether this is due to structural abnormality of shrew d1, we cloned the cdna and characterized the enzyme. the deduced amino acid sequence of shrew d1 was found to be highly homologous to other known d1s and the enzyme itself to hav ... | 2002 | 12161201 |
| effects of testosterone on neuromuscular transmission in rat isolated urinary bladder. | testosterone was examined for its effects on neuromuscular transmission in rat and shrew urinary bladder. in isolated preparations of detrusor muscle from sexually immature male rats (8-10 weeks old) at concentrations of 100-300 microm, it inhibited neuromuscular transmission in a concentration-dependent manner and it also inhibited responses to applied carbachol and diadenosine pentaphosphate (ap(5)a, a p2x receptor agonist). ethanol (at or above 38 mm), the solvent for testosterone, also cause ... | 2002 | 12167473 |
| positional relationships between the masticatory muscles and their innervating nerves with special reference to the masseter and zygomaticomandibularis in suncus murinus. | in the present study, we investigated the structure and nerve innervation of the masseter, temporalis and zygomaticomandibularis of suncus murinus which has no zygomatic arch. detailed dissection of eight head halves of four s. murinus was performed. in s. murinus, small muscle bundle was observed to be adjoined with the lateral surface of the temporalis. this muscle bundle was completely separated from the masseter. based on the positional relationships between the muscle bundle and supplying n ... | 2002 | 12199532 |
| evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis e have been reported recently in the united states and other industrialized countries. the source of hev infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. antibodies to hev have been detected in many animals in areas where hev is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the united states. there is evidence supporting h ... | 2002 | 12454141 |
| comparison of expression patterns of fibroblast growth factor 8, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and sonic hedgehog in jaw development of the house shrew, suncus murinus. | to elucidate the mechanism underlying jaw development in mammals, we used a new laboratory animal, suncus murinus (house shrew, an insectivore) as the subject for the investigation, because suncus has all types of teeth (incisor, canine, premolar and molar) in its upper and lower jaws and is thought to be a good model animal having a general mammalian tooth pattern. at the start, by use of degenerate primers we cloned suncus homologues of fibroblast growth factor 8 (sfgf8), bone morphogenetic pr ... | 2002 | 12643446 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in urban and rural areas in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | 2003 | 12678151 |
| blood vascular architecture of the palatine tonsil in the musk shrew (suncus murinus): scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. | the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is one of the primitive mammals and has a pair of palatine tonsils. in the present study, we investigated the blood microvascular architecture of the tonsil in this animal by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. the paranodular arterioles entered the lymph nodule to form a coarse capillary plexus within the nodule. some of the arterioles reached the dome region to give rise to a fine meshwork of dome subepithelial capillaries. this dome subepithelial c ... | 2003 | 12680471 |
| development of a recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its applications in field surveillance of rodent mice for presence of immunoglobulin g against orientia tsutsugamushi. | a recombinant protein containing the immunodominant conserved epitope region of the 56-kda outer membrane protein of the karp strain of orientia tsutsugamushi was purified to near homogeneity using recombinant dna techniques. the purified protein was used to immunize rabbits and produced an antibody that could recognize different strains of o. tsutsugamushi, as demonstrated both by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on this recombina ... | 2003 | 12738648 |
| anatomical study of the pancreas in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), with special reference to the blood supply and innervation. | to examine the macroscopic structure, blood supply, and innervation of the pancreas in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), we performed gross anatomical dissection and whole-mount immunostaining of the autonomic nerve of suncus pancreases based on neurofilament protein (nfp) immunoreactivity. the adult suncus pancreas is clearly separated into right and left lobes that are not fused. the right lobe of the suncus pancreas is located in the dorsum of the duodenum and to the right of the common ... | 2003 | 12808647 |
| analysis of pancreatic polypeptide cdna from the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, suggests a phylogenetically closer relationship with humans than for other small laboratory animal species. | pancreatic polypeptide was isolated and sequenced from endocrine cells of the pancreas from an insectivore, the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. the primary sequence was aplepaypgd(10)natpeqmaqy(20)aaelrkyinm(30)vtrpryamide. this is the first polypeptide hormone to be characterised from this species and is typical of the primary sequences of pancreatic polypeptide of other animals, being a c-terminal-amidated peptide with 36 residues. comparison with several vertebrate sequences shows that it h ... | 2003 | 12832102 |
| an evolutionarily conserved form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone coordinates energy and reproductive behavior. | gnrh is the master neuropeptide that coordinates and regulates reproduction in all vertebrates and in some nonvertebrate species. sixteen forms of gnrh have been isolated in brain. in the vast majority of species, two or more forms occur in anatomically and developmental distinct neuronal populations. in mammalian brain, two gnrh forms, mammalian (gnrh-i) and chicken-ii (gnrh-ii), exist. the distribution and functions of gnrh-i have been well characterized and intensively studied. however, the f ... | 2003 | 12488325 |
| induction of emetic response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), seb, sec2, sed, see, seg, seh, and sei in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were investigated. sea, see, and sei showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other ses. seb, sec2, sed, seg, and seh also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. the house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by ses. | 2003 | 12496213 |
| surveillance of commensal rat and shrew populations in the bangkok area with references to flea index as the risk indicator of plague. | commensal rats and shrews were trapped from 47 fresh food markets in bangkok during the two study periods in the same markets: 21st june to 28th december 1999 and 1st march to 31st may 2000. trapping was performed using wire live traps on three consecutive nights in each period. the trapped animals were identified for taxonomic species and flea infestation. fleas were collected, identified and counted. four species of rodents: rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus, rattus exulans and mus musculus, an ... | 2003 | 14649963 |
| emetic action of the prostanoid tp receptor agonist, u46619, in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the emetic action of the prostanoid tp receptor agonist, 11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano-15s-hydroxyprosta-5z,13e-dienoic acid (u46619; 300 microg/kg, i.p.), was investigated in suncus murinus. the emetic response was reduced by 76% following bilateral abdominal vagotomy (p<0.001) and by reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p., 24 h pretreatment; p<0.05) but u46619 administered i.c.v. (30-300 ng) was not emetic, suggesting a peripheral mechanism involving monoamines. however, fenfluramine (5 mg/kg, repeated treatm ... | 2003 | 14660035 |
| action of prostanoids on the emetic reflex of suncus murinus (the house musk shrew). | several prostanoids were investigated for a potential to induce emesis in suncus murinus. the tp receptor agonist 11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano-15s-hydroxyprosta-5z,13e-dienoic acid (u46619) induced emesis at doses as low as 3 microg/kg, i.p. but the dp receptor agonist 5-(6-carboxyhexyl)-1-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) hydantoin (bw245c) was approximately 1000 times less potent. the emetic action of u46619 (300 microg/kg, i.p.) was antagonized significantly by the tp receptor antagonist, vapipro ... | 2003 | 14522363 |
| effects of fusel oil on animal hangover models. | fusel oil has been reported to have undesirable side effects such as hangover. however, the relationship between fusel oil and hangover has been investigated insufficiently. in this study, we investigated the effects of fusel oil and their ingredients contained in alcoholic beverages by using animal hangover models. | 2003 | 12960505 |
| induction of fos protein in neurons in the medulla oblongata after motion- and x-irradiation-induced emesis in musk shrews (suncus murinus). | to clarify the anatomical location of medullary neurons associated with vomiting, the musk shrew (suncus murinus), a small animal used as a model for emesis, was exposed to various emetic stimuli and patterns of neuronal excitation were investigated by fos immunohistochemistry. in motion experiments, musk shrews were shaken for 30 min on a tabletop shaker (displacement=25 mm and frequency=1.2 hz). ten of fifteen animals vomited frequently (mo-fv group); the other five animals did not vomit (mo-n ... | 2003 | 12927221 |
| action of 5-ht3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone to modify cisplatin-induced emesis in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | ondansetron (1-3 mg/kg), granisetron (0.3-1 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.3-1 mg/kg), administered at 12-h intervals, were investigated for their potential to prevent cisplatin (30 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced emesis during a 72-h observation period. ondansetron appeared more active than granisetron to antagonise the emetic response occurring in the first 4-h (p<0.05) period, but none of the regimens significantly antagonised emesis during the 0-24- and 24-72-h periods (p>0.05). however, ondansetron was m ... | 2003 | 12860482 |
| surveillance of scrub typhus in the fringe areas around pune : potential for transmission does exist. | a field based epidemiological study was undertaken to assess the potential of transmission of scrub typhus in the sylvatic and transitional (fringe) areas at ten different locations around pune. parameters studied included rodent trapping and identification, entomological parameters, immunological studies on rodent sera, and rodent organ impression smears. the study revealed that rattus r rufescence, rattus meltada, suncus murinus and rattus blanfordi were the predominant sylvatic rodent species ... | 2003 | 27407483 |
| possible involvement of peripheral serotonin 5-ht3 receptors in fluvoxamine-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, as well as serotonin (5-ht), induced vomiting in suncus murinus (a house musk shrew). fluvoxamine- and fluoxetine-induced vomiting gradually decreased with their repeated administration. vomiting induced by serotonin also decreased with repeated treatment with serotonin. in these shrews, fluvoxamine-induced vomiting was partially inhibited. fluvoxamine might induce vomiting, at least partially, by indirectly activating periphera ... | 2003 | 12631420 |
| mating-induced cumulus-oocyte maturation in the shrew, suncus murinus. | the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is an induced ovulator, the cumulus oophorus of which is unusual in several respects: it has no matrix, it always induces the acrosome reaction and it appears to be essential for fertilization. the present study documents distinctive features of the cumulus oophorus before and after ovulation, and of copulation-induced maturation of the ovulatory follicle, which has no antrum. in unmated females, potentially responsive ovarian follicles are distinguishable from la ... | 2003 | 14748701 |
| the endotheliochorial interhemal membrane of the indian musk shrew, suncus murinus: an ultrastructural study. | even though the chorioallantoic placenta of suncus has been previously investigated with light and electron microscopy, controversies related to its structure still remain. to resolve these, suncus murinus placentae from several (early and late limb bud, advanced pregnancy, and full term) were examined by electron microscopy. the interhemal membrane of suncus comprises a maternal endothelium with basal lamina, syncytial trophoblast with its basal lamina, fetal mesenchyme, and fetal capillary end ... | 2003 | 9719774 |
| behavior of sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew. | the behavior of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew, suncus murinus, shows some interesting features. both x- and y-chromosomes are large and biarmed and have huge segments of c-band material in noncentromeric areas. a distinct chiasma is formed between the short arms of the x and y chromosomes and the heterochromatic regions in the bivalents show desynapsis in the form of a bulge. | 2003 | 6715866 |
| cream, a new coat-color mutant in the musk shrew. | a coat-color mutant was found in the wild musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora). five musk shrews with gray pelage, the common coat color of this species, were captured in the village of tambum near jakarta, indonesia. two males and two females were transported to japan and mated. matings between one male and two females segregated several cream-colored offspring, a color that had never been seen before in this species. from the pedigree record and data on mating experiments, it was confirmed ... | 2003 | 6715865 |
| inter-male mating-like behavior in the domesticated house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | in the present study, inter-male interaction of the domesticated house musk shrew was observed in detail under laboratory conditions. in most cases, during inter-male interaction, male house musk shrews exhibited a sequence of behavior items including tail-wagging, following, mounting and thrusting. in the minority of cases, males did not progress beyond following. offensive behavior was not sufficiently violent to cause injury. it appeared that role assignment was decided by contact manner and ... | 2004 | 14745103 |
| fine structure of the anal tonsilliar epithelium in the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). | the epithelium of the anal tonsil of the laboratory shrew was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with particular attention focused on the structure of the epithelium lining the anal tonsillar crypt. the tonsillar crypt surface is lined by two kinds of epithelia: squamous epithelium, which is located mainly at the neck of the crypt and includes keratohyalin granules in the superficial layer, and reticular epithelium, which is invaded by many immigrating cells and has severa ... | 2004 | 15248562 |
| copulatory behavior and fertility of male house musk shrews (suncus murinus) paired with one, two and four females each. | in order to improve the productivity of house musk shrews, we investigated whether a male could impregnate more than one female within 24 h. eighteen males and 40 females aged one year were used in this experiment. the mating systems were as follows: one male was paired with one female, one male was paired with two females, and one male was paired with four females. in the fertility rate, six out of 6, 4 of 12 and 4 of 20 females became pregnant and gave birth under three systems, respectively. ... | 2004 | 14993742 |
| the musk shrew (suncus murinus): a model species for studies of nutritional regulation of reproduction. | 2004 | 14752205 | |
| cellular localization of endocrine cells in the adult pancreas of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus: a comparative immunocytochemical study. | the right and left lobes of the pancreas in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, were found to be completely separated. a morphologic study of the pancreas in s. murinus in terms of the blood supplies and innervation of the right and left lobes was performed in our previous study. it revealed clearly different blood supply and innervation patterns in the right and left lobes, suggesting that the right lobe of the pancreas corresponded to the ventral pancreas, and the left lobe related to the do ... | 2004 | 15028519 |
| new genomospecies related to borrelia valaisiana, isolated from mammals in okinawa archipelago, japan. | in 2000 and 2001, a survey was conducted of borrelia isolated from various mammals in the southernmost islands of japan, including okinawa (main island), izena, iriomote and ishigaki. isolates obtained from the ear tissues of suncus murinus (10 isolates), mus calori (four isolates), rattus norvegicus (one isolate) and crocidura watasei (one isolate), were characterized by rflp of the 5s-23s rdna intergenic spacer and sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer, 16s rdna and flagellin gene. while ... | 2004 | 15096552 |
| differential activity of drugs to induce emesis and pica behavior in suncus murinus (house musk shrew) and rats. | we have previously reported that emetic stimuli induce kaolin ingestion behavior (pica behavior) in rats and mice (i.e., species that do not have the emetic reflex) and that the behavior may be analogous to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea and emesis. we hypothesized that pica behavior may also occur in species capable of vomiting and that it may serve as an additional index of discomfort relevant to antiemetic drug development. the present experiments were conduced using suncus murin ... | 2004 | 15501502 |
| [unique structure of the esophago-gastric junction of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus)]. | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) belongs to the order insectivora, and has been used for the research in comparative anatomy as one of the most primitive placental mammals. another feature of this shrew is its ability to easily vomit which mimics the human emesis or motion sickness response. the house musk shrew has thus been utilized as a rare small experimental animal for studies on the neurophysiological mechanism of vomiting. however, there is no report investigating the morphological b ... | 2004 | 15678992 |
| outbreak investigation of scrub typhus in himachal pradesh (india). | scrub typhus outbreak investigation was undertaken during september 2003 in the three worst affected districts shimla, solan and sirmaur in himachal pradesh (india). a total of 113 cases and 19 deaths (17.27 percent case fatality rate) were reported from the eight districts, which were reporting cases. cases were prevalent in all age groups and in both the sexes among the persons frequenting forest for occupational work. 35.7 percent of the patients serum samples showed a titer of > 1: 80 agains ... | 2004 | 16506551 |
| a comparative analysis of the potential of cannabinoids and ondansetron to suppress cisplatin-induced emesis in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the 5-ht3 antagonist, ondansetron (ond), and the cannabinoid, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-thc), have been shown to interfere with emesis; however, their relative and/or combined effectiveness in suppressing vomiting produced by the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, is unknown. | 2004 | 14740147 |
| effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | marijuana has been reported to interfere with nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. the principal cannabinoids found in marijuana include the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and the non-psychoactive compound cannabidiol (cbd). the experiments reported here evaluated the potential of thc and cbd to interfere with vomiting in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew) produced by lithium chloride (licl), which is the most commonly employed unconditioned stimulus for tas ... | 2004 | 13680081 |
| evaluation of the anti-emetic potential of anti-migraine drugs to prevent resiniferatoxin-induced emesis in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | activation of vanilloid receptors has commonly been used to facilitate neurogenic inflammation and plasma exudation to model components of the pathogenesis of migraine; however, these studies have been performed mainly in species lacking the emetic reflex. in the present studies, therefore, we used suncus murinus, a species of insectivore capable of emesis, to investigate if the vanilloid receptor agonist resiniferatoxin is capable of modeling the emesis associated with migraine. resiniferatoxin ... | 2005 | 15680276 |
| antiemetic activity of fk1052, a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonist, in suncus murinus and ferrets. | we investigated the effect of fk1052 [(+)-8,9-dihydro-10-methyl-7-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]pyrido[1,2-a]indol-6(7h)-one hydrochloride], a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonist, on the emesis induced by motion stimuli, copper sulfate, or cisplatin in either suncus murinus or ferrets and also clarified the role of the 5-ht3 and 5-ht4 receptors in these models. in suncus murinus, oral administration of fk1052 (100 microg/kg) completely prevented emesis induced by cisplatin (18 mg/kg, i.p.) ... | 2005 | 16079468 |
| surgical anatomy of the innervation of the major duodenal papilla in human and suncus murinus, from the perspective of preserving innervation in organ-saving procedures. | few studies have focused on the detailed surgical anatomy of the innervation of the major duodenal papillary region, especially in relation to duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (dpphr) and its modified procedures, which is crucial to preserving the innervation of the papillary region. the aim of this study is to clarify the neural distribution of the major duodenal papilla in humans. | 2005 | 15782096 |
| development and characterization of cats markers for genetic linkage mapping in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | to serve as an initial step in developing an ideal genetic marker map for the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, 318 comparative anchor tagged sequence (cats) primer pairs were assessed for polymorphism ascertainment and linkage mapping. of the 112 (35.2%) cats primer pairs that were successfully amplified by pcr in the shrew, 18 (16.1%) showed polymorphism between two mutant strains, ban-kc, oeb and wz. linkage analysis of the polymorphic cats markers and three visible mutant genes, kc, oeb and ... | 2005 | 15897627 |
| pica--a model of nausea? species differences in response to cisplatin. | rats lack the emetic reflex but exhibit pica in response to stimuli that induce emesis in species with an emetic reflex, hence it has been proposed that pica may be analogous to emesis in species lacking the reflex. in the present study, we investigated whether pica was present in suncus murinus (with an emetic reflex) as well as in rats and mice (without emetic reflex) to provide a further insight to the validity of pica as a model for nausea/vomiting. cisplatin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) induced pica in ... | 2005 | 15939445 |
| ondansetron and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol interfere with the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | considerable evidence suggests that rats can learn to avoid a taste in the absence of nausea. the current experiments evaluated the potential of the antiemetic agents, ondansetron (ond) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), to interfere with lithium chloride (licl)-induced taste avoidance in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, an insectivore that, unlike rats, is capable of vomiting. at a dose that did not modify saccharin (experiment 1) or sucrose (experiment 2) intake, ond prevented the es ... | 2005 | 16187826 |
| localization of aquaporin water channels in the airway of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) and the rat. | aquaporins (aqps) constitute a family of water channels that facilitate membrane water permeability in various tissues of animals. in this study, we compared the expression and localization of aqps in the respiratory system of the musk shrew (suncus murinus), which is an insectivore, and the rat by immunohistochemical methods. in both the musk shrew and the rat, aqp1 was expressed throughout the airway in endothelial cells of subepithelial blood vessels and in nasal submucosal fibroblasts. aqp3 ... | 2005 | 16276052 |
| effect of dl-6-(n-alpha-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxyindane maleate (pmhi) on the testis of the musk shrew suncus murinus l. | 2005 | 544447 | |
| action of ondansetron and cp-99,994 on cisplatin-induced emesis and locomotor activity in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | species possessing the emetic reflex are useful for anti-emetic screening. assessing the potential of novel drugs to simultaneously reduce nausea and emesis in animals is problematic, however. in the present studies, therefore, the behavioural repertoire of suncus murinus in response to the emetic chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was studied in an attempt to characterize behaviours (including spontaneous locomotor activity) that may be relevant to nausea status. cisplatin at 30 mg/kg, intraperito ... | 2005 | 16286811 |
| emetic responses and neural activity in young musk shrews during the breast-feeding/weaning period: comparison between the high and low emetic response strains using a shaking stimulus. | the high emetic response (her) strain and low emetic response (ler) strain of musk shrews (suncus murinus) markedly differ in the emetic reflex in adults. however, there have been no studies on young musk shrews. we gave a shaking stimulus to young musk shrews aged 10 days or more that were obtained by mating within each strain and observed emetic responses. in the her strain, no animal aged 10 days vomited, but vomiting was observed in 1 of 5 animals each aged 12 and 14 days, 2 of 5 animals age ... | 2005 | 16093643 |
| the morphological and histological characters of the male external genitalia of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | external genitalia are the reproductive organs necessary for efficient copulation and internal fertilization in various mammalian species. their morphogeneses display significant morphological and developmental differences among species. the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (hereafter described as suncus) is a species of the order insectivora, which has been considered as primitive and one of the earliest eutheria phylogenetically. comparative anatomical analyses of phylogenetically different ma ... | 2005 | 15846055 |
| potential energetic implications of emesis in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | during the course of studies investigating novel anti-emetic therapies we serendipitously observed a previously unreported behaviour related to emesis in the house musk shrew. this behaviour consisted of spontaneous ingestion of vomit in about half of the animals (males and females) in which emesis was induced by either nicotine (4 mg kg-1 sc.) or horizontal motion (1 hz, 4 cm, 10 min). analysis of vomit samples and gastric contents revealed that in a "typical" individual the gastric contents wo ... | 2005 | 15811386 |
| the effect of the 5-ht1a receptor agonist, 8-oh-dpat, on motion-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | in the present study we evaluated the role of 5-ht(1a) receptors in mediating the inhibitory action of 8-oh-dpat, a 5-ht(1a) receptor agonist, in motion sickness in suncus murinus. 8-oh-dpat (0.1 mg/kg, i. p) attenuated motion-induced emesis which was associated with an increase in the latency of the onset to the first emetic episode. pre-treatment with methysergide (a 5-ht(1/2/7) receptor antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg, i. p.), way-100635 (a 5-ht(1a) receptor antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg, i. p.), sb269970a (a ... | 2006 | 17188742 |
| change in ucp1 mrna expression following long-term cold exposure under normal or high-fat diet regimes in the cold-intolerant mammal, suncus murinus. | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), or suncus, is a unique experimental mammal that is cold intolerant. however, even basic knowledge of brown adipose tissue (bat), which is important for non-shivering thermogenesis (nst), is minimal. therefore, we exposed suncus for 18 days to mild cold temperatures (8-14 degrees c) and/or a high-fat diet, which are factors that increase nst, and measured two mrnas that are critical for nst in bat, uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and type ii 5'-deiodinase (d2). ... | 2006 | 17090963 |
| modulation of emetic response by carotid baro- and chemoreceptor activations. | we hypothesized that baroreceptor or chemoreceptor activation might be involved in the emetic, and prodromal cardiovascular and respiratory responses. to test this hypothesis, we induced the emetic responses by gastric distension in anesthetized suncus murinus (house musk shrew), that had intact and absent baroreceptor and chemoreceptor afferents. secondly, we stimulated the aortic depressor nerve (adn) and the carotid sinus nerve (csn) with or without gastric distension. internal carotid artery ... | 2006 | 16490404 |
| changes in the renal morphology after calcitonin treatment in the house shrew, suncus murinus. | 2006 | 6677197 | |
| fine structure of the atrial cardiocytes in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes of the house musk shrew were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the right atrium containing the auricle was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the atrial natriuretic peptide (anp)-granules of the cardiocytes in the auricle and the rest of the atrium were also analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry. on immunohistochemistry, anp immunoreactivity was detected in the atria, with the most intensely reacting cardiocytes being localized in the right ... | 2006 | 1828432 |
| adrenal contribution to the induction of sexual behavior in the female musk shrew. | sexually experienced female musk shrews (suncus murinus) lack an ovarian, vaginal, and behavioral estrous cycle. females, once induced by their initial contact with a male, are able to display copulatory behavior whenever a male is present (rissman, silveira, and bronson, 1988). based on plasma levels of steroids, and on hormone replacement studies conducted after ovariectomy (ovx), we have shown that testosterone (t) plays an essential role in the regulation of female sexual behavior (rissman a ... | 2006 | 1563731 |
| functions of tonsils in the mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract using a novel animal model, suncus murinus. | the human palatine tonsils and the nasopharyngeal tonsil were considered the defense mechanism against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens. the current findings suggest that the tubal tonsils possess abilities of active transportation of foreign antigens, and will act as inductive and effector sites in the mucosal immune system. our results also indicated a significant difference in roles of immune responses among individual tonsillar organs, suggesting functional sub-compartmentalization. | 2006 | 17050308 |
| unique regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism during fasting in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora: soricidae). | the active hormone, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (t3) is derived from thyroxine (t4) by the action of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases (5'-d). by now two types of 5'-d have been identified; type 1 (d1) and type 2 (d2). a relative contribution of these isotypes to the circulating t3 levels in the human remains to be determined whereas a number of reports indicate that, under physiological conditions, d1 plays a major role in maintaining circulating t3 levels in rodents. in both human and rodents, sickness ... | 2006 | 16426605 |