Publications

laboratory studies on the desiccation of immature stages of the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata.		1986	3753065
biological control studies: bacteria associated with moribund biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca) in the laboratory.		1986	3958509
[predatory activity of astronotus ocellatus (cichlidae) on biomphalaria glabrata (planorbidae)].		1986	3267857
schistosoma mansoni: comparison of a caribbean and african strain and experimental crossing based on compatibility with intermediate hosts and rattus rattus.	to elucidate changes relative to compatibility with intermediate and definitive hosts affecting schistosoma mansoni since it was introduced to the new world, the compatibility of s. mansoni from africa (the cameroons), from the caribbean (guadeloupe), and those resulting from experimental crosses with the gastropods biomphalaria glabrata and b. pfeifferi has been studied. results show that s. mansoni, regardless of its origin or its usual snail host, always infects b. pfeifferi more successfully ...	1986	3082664
echinostoma paraensei: hemocytes of biomphalaria glabrata as targets of echinostome mediated interference with host snail resistance to schistosoma mansoni.	earlier in vivo work by lie et al. (1977) indicated that the innate resistance of the 10r2 strain of biomphalaria glabrata to pr1 schistosoma mansoni could be interfered with if the snails were infected previously with another trematode, echinostoma paraensei. we have studied this interference phenomenon using in vitro methods in an attempt to understand its mechanistic basis. hemolymph, derived from 10r2 snails infected with e. paraensei for 14-28 days, killed 25% of s. mansoni sporocysts in vi ...	1986	3087765
comparative analysis of the schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma bovis cercarial production under the influence of praziquantel.	snails infected with schistosoma mansoni and s. bovis and fed with a food-praziquantel mixture stop shedding cercariae for several days. the cercarial production restarts at different levels after stopping treatment: for some biomphalaria glabrata, the restarting phase of production reaches a high level whereas for other b. glabrata and all of the p. metidjensis, the level of production remains low. histological studies revealed that at the exact moment of this treatment, there is a total destru ...	1986	3716542
quantification of parasite development in the host-parasite system biomphalaria glabrata and schistosoma mansoni.	the visceral mass of biomphalaria glabrata uninfected or infected with schistosoma mansoni was serially sectioned. the amount of hepatopancreas tissue and of parasite tissue was quantified. in pool-infected snails the volume of the whole visceral mass increased very significantly until week 6 and then decreased. due to the growing parasites the volume of the visceral mass in infected snails was at most times higher when compared with uninfected snails of the same dimensions. two weeks p.i. there ...	1986	3716543
comparison of starvation and infection by schistosoma mansoni on tissue viability and the 31p nmr spectrum of biomphalaria glabrata.		1986	3716546
interaction between the biomphalaria glabrata-schistosoma mansoni host-parasite system and the non-target molluscs: influence on cercarial production.	the cercarial production of schistosoma mansoni by biomphalaria glabrata (target mollusc: tm) was studied in relation to the presence of non-target molluscs (ntm). nine species of ntm were tested. whatever the type of tm-ntm association (lasting association, during prepatent period and production period, association only during the exposure of the molluscs to the miracidia), the presence of ntm involved a significant increase of s. mansoni cercarial production. this increased cercarial productio ...	1986	3746562
electron microscopic localization of chitin using colloidal gold labelled with wheat germ agglutinin.	the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (wga) has a binding site which is able to bind a sequence of three n-acetyl-glucosamine residues. therefore, it has a very strong affinity for the polymers of this sugar, especially chitin. colloidal gold can be labelled with wga and used as a specific electron-dense marker for the electron-microscopic localization of chitin. the specificity of the wga-gold binding can be checked by competitive inhibition with 5-10 mm triacetyl chitotriose. the reliability of thi ...	1986	3754855
shedding patterns of schistosoma mansoni and ribeiroia marini cercariae from a mixed infection of biomphalaria glabrata.	when the snail biomphalaria glabrata is doubly infected by two species of trematode, schistosoma mansoni and ribeiroia marini, each species keeps its own cercarial shedding pattern. emergence of s. mansoni cercariae occurs during the photophase while the r. marini cercariae are shed during the night. these results demonstrate the absence of interference between the mechanisms responsible for the cercarial shedding of each species. the only difference noted concerns a two-hour shift in the peak e ...	1986	3794287
increased oviposition and growth in immature biomphalaria glabrata after exposure to schistosoma mansoni.	biomphalaria glabrata snails are known to be castrated by infection with the trematode parasite schistosoma mansoni 4-6 weeks post-infection. the pattern of oviposition in the first 35 days post-exposure (p.e.) was investigated, in snails aged 14 weeks and measuring 7-10 mm diameter which had not commenced egg-laying, by counting the numbers of eggs laid in 7-day intervals. a group of exposed snails was compared with a control non-exposed group. the exposed group included both parasitized and no ...	1986	3797059
stimulation of schistosoma mansoni miracidia by a 80 kda glycoprotein from biomphalaria glabrata.	soluble extracts of biomphalaria glabrata stimulate in vitro incorporation of methionine in schistosoma mansoni miracidia. evidence is presented that a unique 80 kda glycoprotein representing less than 0.01% of total snail proteins and uniformly distributed in the snail body, is responsible for the observed stimulation. this protein specifically acts on the miracidia and this observation suggests that this glycoprotein influences snail penetration and development of miracidia. however, the prese ...	1986	3807942
[the discovery of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) in 2 municipalities of the state of são paulo, brazil].		1986	3809981
effects of environmental calcium on fecundity and cercarial production of biomphalaria glabrata (say) infected with schistosoma mansoni sambon.	biomphalaria glabrata were reared in stock culture and subjected to either 7-day or 60-day acclimation periods in complex caco3 media with calcium values ranging from 1.5 mg/l to 75 mg/l. following 60-day acclimation, snails from series i were each exposed to 8 miracidia of schistosoma mansoni. snails of series ii were each exposed to a single miracidium. snails of both experimental regimens were observed for mortality, growth, rate of infection, and number of cercariae shed. series i snails wer ...	1986	3819965
interactions between the plasma proteins of biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda) and the sporocyst tegument of schistosoma mansoni (trematoda).	the tegumental surface of schistosoma mansoni sporocysts is the site of both nutritive and immunological interactions with haemolymph cells and plasma of biomphalaria glabrata, the schistosome intermediate host. within minutes of being placed in host plasma, sporocysts acquire plasma antigens, and within 3 h host plasma antigens are present on the surface at near steady state. though a wide variety of peptides is acquired, there is selection. furthermore, some differences occur in the peptides a ...	1986	2426650
schistosoma mansoni shares a protective oligosaccharide epitope with freshwater and marine snails.	the expression of similar antigenic determinants by trematode parasites and their intermediate (invertebrate) or definitive (vertebrate) hosts has been previously reported. studies of experimental and human infection by the parasite schistosoma mansoni have revealed the strong immunogenicity of a surface antigen with a relative molecular mass (mr) 38,000 (38k). here we provide evidence that the important protective epitope of the 38k molecule is expressed by the uninfected intermediate host of s ...	1986	2429191
preliminary observations on a hemolymph factor influencing the infectivity of schistosoma mansoni miracidia.	it has been demonstrated that the infectivity of schistosoma mansoni miracidia for a highly susceptible strain of biomphalaria glabrata was reduced markedly when the miracidia were pretreated with hemolymph from the snail helisoma caribaeum. although the helisoma hemolymph factor(s) responsible for this phenomenon has not been identified with certainty, it appears to be a snail lectin associated with binding sites for n-acetyl-d-glucosamine on the surface of the miracidium. hemolymph from uninfe ...	1986	2872788
laboratory and field trials at ifakara (kilombero district, tanzania) on the plant molluscicide swartzia madagascariensis.	the molluscicidal activity of crushed seed pods of swartzia madagascariensis was assessed by laboratory and field trials. mature dry seed pods were ground and extracted in tap water for 24 h. water extracts exerted a significant molluscicidal activity against bulinus globosus up to dilutions of 100 mg of ground pods per litre. the chromatographically isolated saponin (1) responsible for the molluscicidal activity showed a toxicity of lc 100 at 3 mg/l after exposure of b. globosus and biomphalari ...	1986	2872789
lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in an invertebrate model: con a does not act as a bridge.	the plant lectin concanavalin a (con a) has been used in an invertebrate model of lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ldcc). macrophage-like cells from the susceptible host snail biomphalaria glabrata become cytotoxic effectors when they encounter sporocysts of the parasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni that have been treated with con a. the sugar alpha-methyl mannoside and rabbit anti-con a antibodies fail to block this ldcc. con a is effective only when the target, not the effector c ...	1986	3949370
latex of "coroa de cristo" (euphorbia splendens): an effective molluscicide.	an aqueous solution of the latex of "coroa de cristo" (euphorbia splendens var. hislopii) showed molluscicide action (ld90) at a concentration lower than 0.5 ppm on biomphalaria glabrata and b. tenagophila reared in laboratory and at a concentration lower than 4.0 ppm for field b. tenagophila.	1986	3613981
effect of schistosoma mansoni on the gross lipid composition of its vector biomphalaria glabrata.	1. the total lipid level of the digestive gland-gonad complex of biomphalaria glabrata was reduced by starvation and elevated following infection with schistosoma mansoni. 2. the lipid classes of b. glabrata were phospholipid, monoglyceride, free fatty acid, triglyceride, sterol ester and wax and a single unidentified lipid. the major lipid present in control, starved and infected tissue was sterol. triglyceride was a minor component of control tissue. 3. starvation reduced the relative level of ...	1987	3621903
biomphalaria glabrata: changes in calcium reserves following parasitism by larval schistosoma mansoni.	larval schistosoma mansoni have been shown to induce morphological changes to the internal calcium reserves (in particular the calcareous inclusions in type a calcium cells and to the inner, nacreous layer of the shell) of biomphalaria glabrata within 48 h of miracidial penetration. control experiments have shown that these changes were not due to either the experimental procedures used, mechanical damage or to starvation effects. the effects were, however, analogous to experimentally induced ac ...	1987	3696764
transient non-susceptibility to schistosoma mansoni associated with atrial amoebocytic accumulations in the snail host biomphalaria glabrata.	in some biomphalaria glabrata-schistosoma mansoni combinations snails are susceptible to infection as juveniles, but have variable susceptibility as adults. these snails become non-susceptible at the onset of egg-laying and typically revert to susceptibility in old age. certain stocks of b. glabrata have the capacity to form amoebocytic accumulations in the atrium, and this ability is under genetic control. the atrial amoebocytic accumulations are transitory, typically appearing at onset of egg- ...	1987	3696776
an evaluation of the interactions between freshwater pulmonate snail hosts of human schistosomes and macrophytes.	an account is given of a laboratory investigation designed to evaluate the extent to which the freshwater pulmonate snail biomphalaria glabrata (say) can utilize various species of aquatic plants, mainly macrophytes, when presented in the following forms over different time scales: normal plants; dried plant material; homogenized plant material in calcium alginate matrices; water-soluble filtrates of plant homogenates in the medium. the following propositions, derived from the theory of phased c ...	1987	2883688
widespread antigenic cross-reactivity between plasma proteins of a gastropod, and its trematode parasite.	evidence obtained earlier with immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy was interpreted to imply molecular mimicry of the host biomphalaria glabrata by the parasite schistosoma mansoni. using western blotting, we find that "mimicry" is due to widespread shared epitopes. furthermore, at least one individual plasma protein of b. glabrata shares epitopes with the majority of plasma proteins in the mollusc. the widespread antigenic determinants may be carbohydrates. caution is warranted when ...	1987	2442042
gp38, p28-i and p28-ii: candidates for a vaccine against schistosomiasis.	three antigens protective against schistosoma mansoni have been extensively characterized. the schistosomulum surface antigen gp38 possesses an immunodominant carbohydrate epitope of which the structure has been defined. protection can be achieved via the transfer of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the epitope or by immunization with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies. the glycan epitope is shared with the intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata as well as being present on other molluscs, in ...	1987	2474122
the effect of size of m line biomphalaria glabrata on the course of development of echinostoma paraensei.	m line biomphalaria glabrata snails of 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, or 20-mm shell diameter were individually exposed to 10 miracidia each of echinostoma paraensei. snails 10 mm in size or larger were found to be significantly less likely to harbor intraventricular sporocysts than snails in smaller size categories. the percentage of snails with intraventricular sporocysts that also developed hemocyte encapsulation responses generally increased with snail size, whereas the number of snails that ultimate ...	1987	3437347
the genetic variation of compatibility in biomphalaria glabrata and schistosoma mansoni.	interactions between different biomphalaria glabrata stocks and schistosoma mansoni strains were studied. a series of inbred stocks of b. glabrata were characterized as to genetic variations in susceptibility at different ages to a series of different s. mansoni strains. a series of inbred strains of s. mansoni were characterized as to genetic variations in infectivity for b. glabrata stocks at different ages. also described is a process of selection for substrains from a single s. mansoni isola ...	1987	3437352
[distribution of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) (pulmonata, planorbidae) in the state of são paulo, brazil].		1987	3452924
the effect of seasonal temperature and experimental illumination on reproductive rate in the snail biomphalaria glabrata.	1. reproduction in the snail biomphalaria glabrata, a vector of schistosoma mansoni, was measured by egg production and other parameters such as number of clutches, eggs per clutch and egg hatching, under laboratory conditions. 2. reproductive rates were highest in terms of total number of eggs, clutches and hatching under constant illumination, followed by conditions similar to the natural rhythm of illumination. the greatest reduction in reproduction occurred in constant darkness. in summary, ...	1987	3455251
behavior of biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host snail of schistosoma mansoni, at different depths in water in laboratory conditions.	using three columns of different depths (1.10m, 8.40m and 10.40m), we investigated the possibility of biomphalaria glabrata moving towards deep regions. in the 1.10m column, we noted that locomotion can occur in two manners: 1) when the foot is in contact with the substrate: a) sliding descent; b) sliding ascent; c) creeping descent; d) creeping ascent, 2) when the foot is not in contact with the substrate: a) sudden descent without emission of air bules; b) sudden descent with emission of air b ...	1987	3506633
[the influence of anhydrobiosis on the infestation of biomphalaria glabrata by schistosoma mansoni miracidium].	410 biomphalaria glabrata (caribbean strain of guadeloupe) have been infected with one miracidium of schistosoma mansoni, 110 snails, used as controls have been kept into water; the survival rate was 96.4% after 4 weeks and 25.4% produced cercariae. 300 snails were kept on wet soil, and submitted for 6 weeks to progressive desiccation. the survival rate was 23.4% but only 9 of them produced cercariae. periodic variations of the production of male and female larvae have been shown by the weekly t ...	1987	3507918
competitive displacement of biomphalaria glabrata by b. straminea.	data on the interaction between populations of closely related species of biomphalaria, b. glabrata and b. straminea, are presented in the current paper. laboratory and field observations and experiments have shown that b. straminea has competitive advantages over b. glabrata.	1987	3509179
analysis of the interacting components between larval schistosoma mansoni and schistosome-susceptible and resistant biomphalaria glabrata.	cell-free hemolymph (serum) and hemocytes from schistosoma mansoni-susceptible (pr albino m-line) and resistant (10-r2) strains of biomphalaria glabrata were compared by sds-page, immunoblotting and radioiodination. whole serum of both snail strains is dominated by hemoglobin (hb) (mw = 160 kd). sds-page. of hb-depleted serum indicated that the 10-r2 strain has dominant polypeptides in the 50 to 30 kd range whereas pr albino snails have few low mw proteins. antibodies raised to whole pr albino a ...	1987	3509183
population dynamics of aquatic snails in pampulha reservoir.	an attempt was made to determine more accurately the density of molluskan populations in the pampulha reservoir, using the quadrate method, intending to detect the fluctuation of the populations density, the habitat conditions and the possible competitive interactions among biomphalaria tenagophila, melanoides tuberculata, pomacea haustrum and biomphalaria glabrata, through the analysis of populational parameters. among the most significative facts observed in the reservoir it has to be mentione ...	1987	3509186
experimental infection of physa heterostropha, helisoma trivolvis, and biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda) with echinostoma revolutum (trematoda) cercariae.	gross and histologic studies were done on laboratory-raised physa heterostropha, helisoma trivolvis, and biomphalaria glabrata snails exposed individually to 100 cercariae of echinostoma revolutum. cercariae showed a predisposition for the kidneys of snails. they entered the nephridiopore, migrated up the tubular kidney, and encysted in the saccular kidney within 2 hr. considerably more cysts were in the kidney of b. glabrata at 24 hr than in h. trivolvis or p. heterostropha kidneys. encysted me ...	1987	3572665
characterization of the 31p nmr spectrum of the schistosome vector biomphalaria glabrata and of the changes following infection by schistosoma mansoni.	the 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrum of the digestive gland-gonad complex (dgg) of the schistosome vector biomphalaria glabrata was characterized and the effects of infection by schistosoma mansoni noted. the in vivo spectrum was comprised of 11 peaks, 5 downfield and 6 upfield of an external 85% phosphoric acid standard. based on a variety of analytical procedures, the upfield peaks from the standard were demonstrated to be composed of carbamoyl phosphate + a mixture of 3 phosphati ...	1987	3572667
alterations in biomphalaria glabrata plasma induced by infection with the digenetic trematode echinostoma paraensei.	alterations in the noncellular hemolymph components of m line biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with the trematode echinostoma paraensei for 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, or 60 days were monitored by direct microscopical examination, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) in conjunction with quantitative densitometry. a prominent particulate substance was first noted in the hemolymph of infected snails at 1 day postexposure (pe), persisted through day 15, and subsi ...	1987	3598800
serological studies of the antigens prepared from biomphalaria glabrata snails infected and uninfected with schistosoma mansoni. i. indirect immunofluorescent antibody test using infected snail and adult worm antigens.		1987	3106521
[current risks in the introduction of schistosomiasis into french guiana].	at the moment, it seems unlikely that there is a possibility for schistosomiasis implantation in french guiana. the reasons to this are both the number of the immigrants infested by schistosoma mansoni which is quite low and the disappearance of the intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata. the disappearance of the species may be a temporary one.	1987	3111733
serological studies of the antigens prepared from biomphalaria glabrata snails infected and uninfected with schistosoma mansoni. ii. double diffusion technique using cercarial, adult worm, infected and uninfected snail antigens.		1987	3121764
schistosomiasis mansoni in the dominican republic; prevalence and intensity in the city of higuey by coprological and serological methods.	the prevalence and intensity of infection with schistosoma mansoni were determined in a sample of the population of the city of higuey, dominican republic. the quantitative formol-ether stool sedimentation technique of ritchie, as modified by knight et al., was performed on stools from 1,025 (65.5%) of 1,563 individuals greater than 1 year old. the highest prevalence rates (21.4%) were observed in women 25-29 years old and in men 15-19 years old (20%). the maximum fecal egg count was in the 15- ...	1987	3124312
[susceptibility of biomphalaria glabrata, b. straminea and b. tenagophila to various strains of schistosoma mansoni].		1987	3130655
drug resistance in schistosomiasis: a review.	drug resistance associated with the treatment of human schistosomiasis appears to be an emerging problem requiring more attention from the scientific community than the subject currently receives. drug-resistant strains of schistosoma mansoni have been isolated by various investigators as a result of laboratory experimentation or from a combination of field and laboratory studies. review of this data appears to indicate that the lack of susceptibility observed for some of the isolated strains ca ...	1987	3151088
why it is difficult to control biomphalaria glabrata, the vector snail of schistosomiasis.	the author studied some protective behaviors of biomphalaria glabrata (vertical movements, response to molluscicides and response to water currents) and demonstrated how these activities hamper the control of this snail, which is the main vector of schistosomiasis in brazil.	1987	3151094
[isolation of a human strain of schistosoma mansoni, sambon,1907].	in this paper the authors briefly describe a human schistosoma mansoni strain from pará state, brazil. the cirene's strain was capable of infecting 71.4% of the snail vector biomphalaria glabrata (telegrafo's strain) provided by the "evando chagas" institute, belém. the cycle was completed by the infection of six mice. the thoracic and abdominal organs were examined microscopically which demonstrated the passage of the worm into the liver and lungs. the authors discuss the importance of these re ...	1987	3151112
anthelmintic properties of polygonum glabrum.	a pure anthelmintic substance (pga) has been isolated from the methanol-aqueous extract of the leaf of polygonum glabrum willd., a semi-aquatic sudanese species of the family polygonaceae. the antiparasitic in-vitro activity of several fractions isolated from the plant, has been examined comparatively with that of pga. pga also showed molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata and limnea truncatula müll. structural determination of pga was attempted following data analysis of uv, ir, 1 ...	1987	2884294
alkylphosphonates as unique compounds in the metabolism of the schistosomal vector biomphalaria glabrata.	examination of intact freshly laid egg masses of the schistosomal snail vector biomphalaria glabrata by both 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and colorimetric phosphorus analysis indicated that 98% of the phosphorus in the egg masses was present in the form of alkylphosphonic acids. at least 87% of the total phosphorus originally present was comprised of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid. during 11 days of embryonic development, alkylphosphonate-phosphorus decreased from 98% to 50% of the t ...	1987	3826495
structure and function of the spermatheca in a snail host of schistosomiasis, biomphalaria glabrata.	the histochemistry and ultrastructure (sem and tem) of the spermatheca of biomphalaria glabrata was investigated to elucidate the function of this organ and to compare its structure and function to similar organs found in other species. the spermatheca has a debris-filled lumen surrounded by a thin wall of tissue. the cells adjacent to the lumen are of three columnar epithelial cell types. two cell types have abundant microvilli and mammalian cell-like organelle distribution and morphology. the ...	1987	3646339
the two-phase recognition process of allografts in a brazilian strain of biomphalaria glabrata.		1987	3559261
analysis of biomphalaria glabrata (gastopoda) hemolymph by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and immunoblotting.		1987	3549910
biomphalaria glabrata: respiration, calcium and end products of carbohydrate metabolism.	1. lactic acid and succinic acid (end products of anaerobiosis) also occur under aerobic conditions in the haemolymph and excretion products of biomphalaria glabrata. this phenomenon has been investigated in more detail. 2. experiments on oxygen uptake, and analyses of organic acid, amino acid and calcium were carried out under various aerating conditions, various temperatures and in various water qualities. 3. no differences were found in the concentrations of the organic acids and calcium in t ...	1987	2887362
prey selection by molluscivorous cichlids foraging on a schistosomiasis vector snail, biomphalaria glabrata.	this paper considers prey size selection by four molluscivorous cichlids feeding on the intermediate host snail of schistosoma parasites, biomphalaria glabrata. haplochromis ishmaeli obtains its prey by crushing the snails between the pharyngeal jaws, whereas h. xenognathus, h. sauvagei and macropleurodus bicolor apply both pharyngeal crushing and oral shelling. the fishes crushed significantly more snails with the highest reward in biomass per second of crushing. oral shelling occurred far less ...	1987	28311990
morphology of neurosecretory cells in basommatophoran snails homologous with egg-laying and growth hormone-producing cells of lymnaea stagnalis.	in a light and electron microscope study, neurosecretory cells morphologically homologous with the egg-laying hormone-producing caudodorsal cells (cdc) and growth hormone-producing dorsal cells (dc, light green cells) of the freshwater basommatophoran snail lymnaea stagnalis have been found in five genera (seven species) of basommatophora, viz. in lymnaea palustris and lymnaea ovata, in planorbis planorbis and planorbis vortex, in planorbarius corneus, in bulinus truncatus, and in biomphalaria g ...	1987	3623071
enhanced potency of a molluscicidal glycoside isolated from tetrapleura tetraptera on biomphalaria glabrata.		1988	3212090
imp synthesis using immobilized adenosine (phosphate) deaminase.	inosinic acid (imp) has been prepared by the deamination of adenosine monophosphate (amp) with an immobilized adenosine (phosphate) deaminase extracted from the snail biomphalaria glabrata. the enzyme has been immobilized in polyacrylamide beads. the preparation and characterization of this system are described.	1988	3202624
effect of prolonged administration of sublethal concentrations of aridanin isolated from tetrapleura tetraptera and bayluscide on the glycogen and protein content of biomphalaria glabrata.	the effect of chronic application of sublethal concentrations of aridanin isolated from tetrapleura tetraptera (0.25-0.125 ppm) and of bayluscide (0.05-0.025 ppm) on the glycogen and protein content of biomphalaria glabrata was determined. aridanin and bayluscide produced significant reductions in the glycogen content of b. glabrata, but a significant decrease in the protein content of the snails was not apparent until after 4 weeks of continuous exposure. the results indicate that the molluscic ...	1988	3199835
molluscicidal effect of ivermectin on biomphalaria glabrata.		1988	3183416
identification of hemeproteins in the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda) separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.		1988	3418135
[protein composition of the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca, gastropoda). influence of the method of sampling and relation to the protein composition of different organs].	the blood composition of b. glabrata is analyzed by electrophoresis. its proteic composition differs in relation with the blood sampling method. most of the supplementary fractions also have been found in the gut, some proteins possibly come from the hepatopancreas, whereas others could have their origin in the albumen gland. the sampling method must be selected according to these observations.	1988	3421646
biomphalaria glabrata: influence of selected abiotic factors on leukocytosis.		1988	3351323
decline of a sylvatic focus of schistosoma mansoni in guadeloupe (french west indies) following the competitive displacement of the snail host biomphalaria glabrata by ampullaria glauca.	grand etang lake in guadeloupe is a focus of intestinal schistosomiasis characterized by the virtual absence of human contact and the presence of a heavily infested rat population. the lake, with a surface area of 0.03 km(2), is situated in rain forest at an altitude of 450 m. originally it contained an extensive belt of the floating plant pistia stratiotes which provided a favourable habitat for biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host snail of schistosoma mansoni. in 1974 and 1975, a low p ...	1988	28311831
[resistance of biomphalaria peregrina of santa rita do sapucaí, minas gerais, brazil to infection with 3 strains of schistosoma mansoni].	the descendants of the planorbid snail biomphalaria peregrina, collected in the region of santa rita do sapucaí, minas gerais, brazil, were exposed to miracidia of three strains of schistosoma mansoni: "le" strain from belo horizonte, state of minas gerais; "sj", strain from são josé dos campos, state of são paulo and "al" strain from state of alagoas. of 300 snails exposed to miracidia of the three strains, none was infected. on the other hand, 300 biomphalaria glabrata of the control groups sh ...	1988	3152277
the production of toxic oxygen metabolites by hemocytes of different snail species.	the phagocytic hemocytes of four snail species were investigated for their ability to generate reactive oxygen metabolites upon stimulation by foreign material. hemocytes of the pond snail lymnaea stagnalis and of the garden snail helix aspersa showed a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (cl) when they phagocytosed zymosan particles. this cl was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (sod) and sodium azide, indicating the involvement of oxygen intermediates. hemocytes of the planorbid snails planorb ...	1988	3169350
strain variation in the infectivity of schistosoma mansoni for biomphalaria glabrata.		1988	3201064
the host-parasite interface in molluscan schistosomiasis: biotin as a probe for sporocyst and hemocyte surface peptides.	hemocytes of biomphalaria glabrata mediate the internal defensive response which, in resistant snail strains, kills sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni. lacking a gut, the sporocyst has only its tegument to interact with the host milieu (hemolymph). we have, therefore, focused our study on the surface-exposed proteins of hemocytes and sporocyst tegument. using gentle biotinylation of living systems, labelled proteins were studied after sds-page electrophoresis and transfer to nitrocellulose. resul ...	1988	3201703
linkage relationships of seven enzyme and two pigmentation loci in the snail biomphalaria glabrata.	crossing experiments with inbred stocks of the snail (biomphalaria glabrata) demonstrated that variants at two loci determining pigmentation and seven enzyme-determining loci exhibited normal mendelian segregation ratios in f2 progeny. among 39 pairwise comparisons for joint segregation, there was evidence of genetic linkage between a locus controlling mantle pigmentation (s) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd) and confirmation of a previously described linkage between esterase-2 (est-2) ...	1988	3209852
comparison of haemolymph proteins from schistosoma mansoni (trematoda)-susceptible and resistant biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda).	1. whole and haemoglobin (hb)-depleted serum fractions from schistosoma mansoni-resistant (10-r2) and schistosome-susceptible (pr albino, m-line) strains of biomphalaria glabrata were studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and protein assays. 2. whole serum of the pr albino strain had more total protein (11.4 +/- 1.9 mg protein/ml) than the 10-r2 strain (7.8 +/- 3.0 mg protein/ml). 3. there are specific differences in the polypeptide profiles of ...	1988	3224503
influence of experimental illumination and seasonal variation on crossbreeding mating in the snail biomphalaria glabrata.	the crossbreeding activities of the schistosoma mansoni vector snail biomphalaria glabrata were counted in a laboratory aquarium throughout the year under two regimes of 12h light: 12h dark from 7 a. m. to 10 p. m. mating increased significantly in autumn and winter and just missed a significant inverse correlation with temperature and a direct one with locomotion. other similar experiments were carried out to compare mating under various illumination conditions in complete daily cycle measureme ...	1988	3249562
schistosoma mansoni: relationship between cercarial production levels and snail host susceptibility.	two populations of biomphalaria glabrata snails differing slightly in their susceptibility to schistosoma mansoni infection showed dramatic differences in cercarial output per snail. exposed to five or more miracidia, snails from a group with a 90-100% susceptibility rate (group a) produced nearly twice the number of cercariae as those from a group with a 70-80% susceptibility rate (group b). exposure of individual snails to known numbers of miracidia resulted in higher numbers of primary (mothe ...	1988	3366217
systemic infection of laboratory-reared biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda) with an acid-fast bacillus.		1988	3373006
secretory protein biosynthesis in snail hemocytes: in vitro modulation by larval schistosome excretory-secretory products.	circulating hemocytes of the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, synthesize and secrete a variety of polypeptides when maintained in vitro in serum-free medium containing [35s] methionine. sds-page/fluorographic analysis of supernatants from resistant snail (10-r2-ok strain) hemocyte cultures revealed the presence of numerous labeled polypeptides ranging in mr from 220 to 14 kda. most of these same proteins were also produced by hemocytes of a susceptible b. glabrata strain (m-line), but the overall r ...	1988	3397815
experimental maintenance of the schistosome vector biomphalaria glabrata on an improved alginate gel.	an improved alginate formulation containing spirulina algae or freeze-dried lettuce is described for experimental maintenance of biomphalaria glabrata. snail growth, food consumption and assimilation were higher on the gel containing spirulina. the increased growth was not entirely the result of the higher food consumption observed with spirulina, but appeared to be due to nutritional differences between the two nutrient sources. snails responded to decreased dietary spirulina concentration by i ...	1988	3401070
schistosoma mansoni: characterization of clones maintained by the microsurgical transplantation of sporocysts.	five male and 5 female clones of schistosoma mansoni were established and maintained for 3 yr by the serial microsurgical transplantation of sporocysts from infected to uninfected biomphalaria glabrata snails. the clones were initially derived from 10 randomly selected snails with monomiracidial infections. clones were characterized by several criteria, including their infectivities for mice and snails, their cercarial outputs, and their ability to produce immunity in mice. the mean infectivitie ...	1988	3142991
biological control of biomphalaria glabrata and b. straminea by the competitor snail thiara tuberculata in a transmission site of schistosomiasis in martinique, french west indies.	in martinique, intestinal schistosomiasis was discovered at the beginning of this century. the intermediate host snail, biomphalaria glabrata, was considered in the past as a common species in the different habitats of the island, but during the last decade it has been found only in water-cress beds. several of these water-cress cultures contained mixed populations of b. glabrata and b. straminea. moreover, these habitats also constituted transmission sites for schistosoma mansoni infection. in ...	1989	2513787
[resistance to desiccation of biomphalaria glabrata adults infested by various miracidia of schistosoma mansoni].	1200 adult biomphalaria glabrata were submitted during 6 weeks to anhydrobiosis condition. some snails were healthy, some were previously infected 3 days or 12 days ago with 8 +/- 2 miracidia of schistosoma mansoni, others were shedding cercariae. the snails were put on soil or buried into hermetically closed, or ventilated, plastic boxes. there was no survival of snails kept in sealed boxes, or among positive snails, but 44% of control healthy snails and 40.6% of infected (for 3 or 12 days) sna ...	1989	2517564
[natural infection of wild rodents by schistosoma mansoni].	in planalto, a small locality in the interior of the bahia state, brazil, 47% of sylvatic rodents were found to be naturally infected with schistosoma mansoni, whereas the prevalence of the infection in the inhabitants of the area was 3.26%. the rodents (nectomys) live near the houses, in contact with water, passing viable schistosome eggs in the stools. worm burden is variable amongst such rodents. periovular granulomas are small, especially in liver and intestines, and hepatic fibrosis is mild ...	1989	2517565
a potential vector of schistosoma mansoni in uruguay.	susceptibility experiments were carried out with a biomphalaria straminea-like planorbid snail (biomphalaria aff. straminea, species inquirenda) from espinillar, near salto (uruguay), in the area of the salto grande reservoir, exposed individually to 5 miracidia of schistosoma mansoni (sj2 and bh2 strains). of 130 snails exposed to the sj2 strain, originally infective to biomphalaria tenagophila, 30 became infected (23%). the prepatent (precercarial) period ranged from 35 to 65 days. the cercari ...	1989	2520826
schistosoma rodhaini: intramolluscan larval development, migration and replication processes of daughter sporocysts.	the larval development of schistosoma rodhaini in biomphalaria glabrata presents two features of interest. the first concerns the migration of daughter sporocysts: only a fraction of the daughter sporocysts produced by the mother sporocyst migrate directly towards the digestive gland of the snail and become cercariogenous; the others remain in the anterior region of the snail where the majority transforms into small sporocystogenous sporocysts. the second point concerns the replication processes ...	1989	2566260
the biochemical ecology of biomphalaria glabrata, a snail host of schistosoma mansoni: short chain carboxylic and amino acids as phagostimulants.	1. a buccal mass olfactometer was used to investigate the responses of the fresh-water pulmonate snail biomphalaria glabrata to carboxylic and amino acids. 2. the snails proved very discriminating as only 6 (14.6%) of the 41 chemical species tested were effective as phagostimulants. these are ranked as follows in order of potency:- butanoate greater than propanoate greater than d-malate greater than 2-hydroxybutanoate = l-tartrate = l-aspartate. 3. the structure-activity relationships of the act ...	1989	2570673
effect of infection with trichobilharzia ocellata and schistosoma mansoni on the ultrastructure of the albumen gland of their respective hosts, lymnaea stagnalis and biomphalaria glabrata.	the albumen gland, a female accessory sex gland of pulmonate snails, produces the perivitelline fluid. the ultrastructure of the albumen glands of control and infected specimens of lymnaea stagnalis and biomphalaria glabrata was studied. the albumen gland of l. stagnalis contains two types of secretory cells--light (active) and dark (inactive)--and two types of supporting cells--centroacinar and myoepithelial. the secretory cells apparently represent two activity stages of one type of cell. the ...	1989	2606384
ultrastructural evidence for the destruction of schistosoma mansoni sporocysts associated with elevated lysosomal enzyme levels in biomphalaria glabrata.	the activity levels of serum acid phosphtase, aminopeptidase, and lysozyme in a brazilian strain of biomphalaria glabrata were ascertained at 1, 2, and 3 hr after mechanical wounding or injection with albumin on the 30th day postexposure to a compatible strain of schistosoma mansoni miracidia and found to be elevated. parallel transmission electron microscope studies on daughter sporocysts and developing cercariae at these time intervals revealed progressive disintegration of the parasites that ...	1989	2614603
structural analysis of hemolymph proteins from schistosoma mansoni (trematoda)-susceptible and resistant biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda).	1. five different molecular weight polypeptides from serum (cell-free hemolymph) of schistosoma mansoni-resistant and susceptible strains of biomphalaria glabrata, were examined by two-dimensional 125i-peptide mapping and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). 2. peptide mapping indicated that all five radiolabeled polypeptides within and between the two snail strains had similar migration patterns when cleaved with pepsin or alpha-chymotrypsin, thus revealing a shared structural homolog ...	1989	2620499
phagocytosis of yeast by biomphalaria glabrata: carbohydrate specificity of hemocyte receptors and a plasma opsonin.	in vitro phagocytosis of yeast cells by hemocytes of the mollusc biomphalaria glabrata can occur in the absence of plasma, but is enhanced by opsonization in plasma from certain snail strains. we have investigated the carbohydrate specificity of the hemocyte-bound receptor for phagocytosis and the free plasma opsonin using two dominant carbohydrate components of the yeast cell wall (laminarin and mannan). phagocytic uptake in the absence of plasma of both untreated and opsonized yeast is strongl ...	1989	2670623
opsonization of yeast by the plasma of biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda): a strain-specific, time-dependent process.	phagocytosis of yeast by haemocytes of biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, is influenced strongly by host plasma components, although it can occur without involvement of such factors. plasma from two strains of b. glabrata which are resistant to s. mansoni differs in its opsonic properties from the plasma of a susceptible strain. this may reflect the principles which determine compatibility or incompatibility in this host-parasite system. opsonization is a time-depen ...	1989	2671868
schistosoma mansoni: effect of infection on reproduction and gonadal growth in biomphalaria glabrata.	sexually mature biomphalaria glabrata were exposed to 12 miracidia of schistosoma mansoni, and egg production of snails was monitored over a period of 5 weeks. during the study period, exposed snails grew at approximately the same rate as unexposed controls. castration, as measured by a reduction in the mean number of eggs laid per snail occurred between 14 and 21 days postexposure (pe). the reduction in fecundity in infected snails coincided with the migration and establishment of daughter spor ...	1989	2703029
alterations in hemolymph components in biomphalaria glabrata during long-term infection with schistosoma mansoni.	total protein, hemoglobin, glucose, and urea concentrations in hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata were studied during a 12-week infection of the snails with schistosoma mansoni. the results suggest an equilibrium between host and parasite metabolism, which is reached after about 6 weeks of infection. during the period studied, the protein spectrum of infected snails showed no difference in quality compared with that of noninfected snails; all fractions were present, and no additional fractions a ...	1989	2710775
effects of infection with echinostoma paraensei on the circulating haemocyte population of the host snail biomphalaria glabrata.	circulating haemocytes from echinostoma paraensei-infected m line biomphalaria glabrata snails, or from age- and size-matched control snails, were studied on plastic slides with phase-contrast optics. granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and round cells were consistently present; granulocytes were further categorized as 'fully spread' (fs) or 'partially spread' (ps). among control snails, the relative percentage and estimated number/mm3 of round cells declined significantly with increased snail size, and ...	1989	2717217
re-establishing a life cycle of schistosoma mansoni from cryopreserved larvae.	to study the feasibility of re-establishing a life cycle of schistosoma mansoni (nmri strain) from cryopreserved larvae, schistosomules were suspended in the cryoprotectant 1,2-ethanediol and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. mice were injected intramuscularly with samples thawed after 3 days, 3 wk, or 6 mo in liquid nitrogen storage. two to 5% of the cryopreserved larvae and approximately 18% of corresponding unfrozen control larvae developed into adult worms. infectivity did not decrease as a ...	1989	2723921
schistosoma rodhaini: dynamics and cercarial production for mono- and pluri-miracidial infections of biomphalaria glabrata.	no significant difference in cercarial production was noted when biomphalaria glabrata from brazil were exposed to one or several miracidia of schistosoma rodhaini from burundi, even though the dynamics seemed different. the minor differences can be explained by the intramolluscal larval development of this parasite characterized by the production of a high number of daughter sporocysts over a long period.	1989	2738384
identification of snails infected with schistosomes by elisa employing monoclonal antibodies: schistosoma mansoni in laboratory snails (biomphalaria glabrata) and in field snails (biomphalaria pfeifferi) from kenya.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing monoclonal antibodies was used for detecting schistosoma mansoni antigens in hemolymph of laboratory snails (biomphalaria glabrata) in kenya. infected laboratory snails shedding cercariae were differentially identified by elisa from uninfected snails with 100% sensitivity and specificity. prepatent infections were detected by elisa from 2 weeks after exposure to miracidia. thus, elisa revealed infection 3 weeks before maximal patency was rea ...	1989	2742038
differential adherence of m line biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes to schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei larvae, and experimental manipulation of hemocyte binding.	the ability of m line strain biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes to adhere to mother sporocysts (ms) of pr1 schistosoma mansoni or to ms or daughter rediae (dr) of echinostoma paraensei was studied using an in vitro hemocyte adherence assay. hemocytes were significantly more likely to bind to s. mansoni ms than to e. paraensei ms or dr. hemocyte adherence to e. paraensei ms or dr was significantly increased if glutaraldehyde-fixed larvae were used as targets. also, e. paraensei ms pretreated with th ...	1989	2768830
changes in plasma opsonization of yeast after isolation of biomphalaria glabrata in small volumes of water.		1989	2768831
schistosoma mansoni antigens recognized in biomphalaria glabrata hemolymph by monoclonal antibodies.	in order to identify and characterize schistosoma mansoni antigens in biomphalaria glabrata, we examined 19 murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for specific binding to schistosome larvae. none of the murine mabs induced by infection or by immunization with a crude cercarial antigen (cca) served this purpose. two mabs out of 9 (kcsme22-3 and kcsme22-4) induced by soluble egg antigens reacted with cca but not with normal snail (nsn) extract. we selected these 2 for studies on detection and charact ...	1989	2472748
schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata express a common 39 kilodalton acidic protein.	two schistosoma mansoni proteins of 43 and 39 kda (sm43 and sm39) were shown to react with rabbit antibodies produced against biomphalaria glabrata proteins. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of miracidial proteins indicated that sm43 and sm39 were acidic proteins (pi 4.8 and 4.9 respectively) and were in vitro translated from miracidial messenger rna in the same molecular forms. sm43 and sm39 were expressed by all parasite stages of s. mansoni. using anti-sm43 and anti-sm39 mouse sera, we dem ...	1989	2911278
phagocytic activity of hemocytes of m-line biomphalaria glabrata snails: effect of exposure to the trematode echinostoma paraensei.	the phagocytic activity of hemocytes from 6-8-mm m-line biomphalaria glabrata snails was studied in an in vitro assay using glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes (srbc) as target cells. for individual snails, the percentage of hemocytes ingesting srbc during a 1-hr interval, termed the phagocytic activity index (pai), was determined. hemocytes from snails infected for 1 day with echinostoma paraensei had a slightly elevated pai, but at both 8 and 30 days postexposure (dpe), hemocytes from infe ...	1989	2926593
effects of schistosoma mansoni on the nutrition of its intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata.	biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni and maintained on an artificial diet of spirulina alga displayed reduced growth during the 5 wk following patency. food consumption per unit snail weight was unaffected. infected snails also failed to lay eggs. no difference in percentage of assimilation was observed between control and infected individuals, but infected snails had significantly decreased gross conversion efficiencies. the effects of infection on nutrition of b. glabrata we ...	1989	2926600
resistance to millettia molluscicide in biomphalaria glabrata: a quantitative genetical approach.	this paper demonstrates the use of a quantitative genetical technique to assess genetic variance in molluscicide resistance in a millettia thonningii-biomphalaria glabrata system. results indicated that there were significant genetic variances in both snail size and survival time in 10 p.p.m. molluscicide suspension. the possibility of wider applications of this technique in examining the genetic basis of molluscicide or pesticide resistance in target species is discussed.	1989	2717215
[competitive behavior of biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila--laboratory studies].	observation about cohabitation among b. glabrata and b. tenagophila revealed a greater vulnerability of b. tenagophila population during the process of competition when its density was severely decreased in 12 trials, moderate in 2 trials. it was higher than b. glabrata in only one trial. some snail water chemical parameters analysed such as ph, alkalinity, conductivity and oxygen dissolved, and the viability rate of batch of eggs didn't give subsidy to explain the competition mechanism. the new ...	1989	2638725