Publications

[clinical, hematologic and serologic findings in puppies after prenatal infection with toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae)].		1986	3799098
the prevalence of parasitic helminths in stray dogs in the baghdad area, iraq.	the prevalence of parasitic helminths in 20 stray dogs from the area of baghdad was recorded. taenia spp. were found in 12 dogs, dipylidium caninum in ten dogs, toxocara canis in eight dogs, ancylostoma caninum in seven dogs and echinococcus granulosus in five dogs. spirocerca lupi and dirofilaria immitis were found in three dogs, mesocestoides lineatus in two dogs and strongyloides stercoralis in one dog.	1986	3800471
fine structure of buccal cavity and esophagus in toxocara canis (nematoda, ascarididae) infective larvae.	the ultrastructure of the alimentary tract of toxocara canis infective larvae, with emphasis on the buccal cavity and vestibular-esophageal region, is described. the buccal opening which extends to the vestibule is lined by a thick cuticle. between the buccal opening and the vestibule there are three cuticular projections which might function either as a valve or for grinding food. cells associated with the triradiate vestibule show an elaborate system of narrowed cytoplasmic lamellae differenti ...	1986	3453367
dirofilaria immitis: diethylcarbamazine-induced anaphylactoid reactions in infected dogs.	the immunopathogenesis of the anaphylactoid mazzotti reactions has been studied by comparing physiologic and immunologic aspects of diethylcarbamazine-induced shock in dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with antigen induced anaphylaxis in infected and uninfected controls. filarial antigen, specific host igg antibody, and c1 and c3 complement levels were quantitatively measured over time in relation to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin d2 in the blood and changes in mean blood pressure. d. ...	1986	3458592
epidemiological characteristics of toxocara canis zoonotic infection of children in a caribbean community.	the study reports the results of a summary of the prevalence and symptomatology of paediatric toxocariasis in anse-la-raye, st. lucia. the seroprevalence of toxocara canis among the children, as determined by elisa, was 86%, the highest level recorded to date. in contrast, the prevalence of infection in dogs was not abnormally high, although the canine population was large and unconstrained compared to that in industrial countries. the presence of infective ova in peridomestic areas and the wide ...	1986	3488844
biochemical properties of larval excretory-secretory glycoproteins of the parasitic nematode toxocara canis.	toxocara canis larvae, infective to man, secrete a number of antigenic macromolecules into culture medium over prolonged periods of time. these antigens have been collected and characterised with respect to molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following extrinsic and intrinsic radiolabelling, or electrophoresis followed by gel staining or immunoblotting. panels of enzymes and lectins have been applied to examine protease sensitivity and carbohydrate comp ...	1986	3515176
the sonographic evaluation of the great vessels' interspace in the pediatric retroperitoneum.	the great vessels' interspace, in the pediatric retroperitoneum, deserves special attention during abdominal sonographic examination. by rotating the child into the right anterior oblique position, the full length of this interspace is demonstrated. normally, it has a uniform appearance. when invaded by disease, the sonographic pathology can be identified and differentiated from the surrounding structures. the studies were gathered from experience with 1658 retroperitoneal sonographic examinatio ...	1986	3529017
the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against dirofilaria immitis in dogs.	antisera prepared in mice by injection of antigens from dirofilaria immitis, toxocara canis, dipylidium canium and fasciola hepatica and sera from dirofilaria-infected and non-infected dogs were tested at different dilutions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). for this elisa, adult d. immitis antigen was fractionated by gel filtration methods and then absorbed with immunoadsorbent-fixed igg fractions from mouse sera immunized with various parasites. the results indicated satisfac ...	1986	3529601
tissue localization of excretory-secretory antigens of larval toxocara canis in acute and chronic murine toxocariasis.	the distribution of excretory-secretory antigens of larval toxocara canis (tex) in tissue was studied in cases of both acute and chronic experimental murine toxocariasis. liver samples were collected from balb/c byj mice killed either 2 days (acute) or 8 months (chronic) after intragastric inoculation with infective t. canis eggs. cryostat sections of liver were stained using biotin-conjugated, rabbit anti-tex antibody with an avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate indicator. in both acute and chroni ...	1986	3532850
[trials on the infectibility with toxocara canis of puppies raised nematode free or with few nematodes].		1986	3536418
prevalence of toxocara canis ova on playgrounds of nursery schools in nsukka, nigeria.	soil samples taken from playgrounds in the eleven nursery schools in nsukka were examined for the prevalence of toxocara canis ova. t. canis ova were identified from 6 out of the 11 schools samples, a prevalence of 54.5%. the public health risk of this finding to the children in these schools with regards to visceral larva migrans in highlighted and recommendations made for prevention and control.	1986	3557826
visceral larva migrans involving the myocardium: report of two cases and review of literature.	two cases of asymptomatic visceral larva migrans (vlm) involving the myocardium, discovered during open heart surgery, are reported. only 7 cases of vlm myocarditis were found in recent english publications. all 7 cases involved children, with most of the patients acutely ill. our 2 asymptomatic cases, coupled with the high rate of positive serologic tests in the general population, stress the widespread nature of toxocara canis infection in human and the large number of subclinical, undetected ...	1986	3588440
biochemical and immunologic characterization of a major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis infective larvae.	a 35 kd major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae was characterized biochemically and immunologically. living larvae were iodinated by using iodo-gen, iodosulfanilic acid, lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase, and bolton-hunter reagents. detergent extracts of larvae labeled by the first three methods showed one major 35 kd component and a number of smaller components of about 6 kd, as analyzed by one-dimensional sds-page. in contrast, extracts from larvae labeled with the bolton ...	1986	2419445
specificity of scolex and oncosphere antigens for the serological diagnosis of taeniid cestode infections in dogs.	groups of dogs raised free of helminths were monospecifically infected with the common nematodes toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. serums from these dogs, and a group of dogs of unknown history but infected with dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum, had levels of antibody to their homologous nematode antigens readily detectable by elisa. no cross-reactions were apparent when these serums were tested by elisa using oncosphere antigens of taenia hydatigena, t. pisifor ...	1986	2421704
biochemical polymorphism in parascaris equorum, toxocara canis and toxocara cati.	vertical starch gel electrophoresis was used to resolve proteins encoded by 18 gene loci in ascaridoid nematodes. estimates of genetic variability were made from population samples of the dog ascarid (toxocara canis), cat ascarid (toxocara cati), and the horse ascarid (parascaris equorum). levels of polymorphism and mean heterozygosity were high, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that the intestinal environment selects for monomorphism among endoparasites. most observed allele frequenc ...	1986	2938002
comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in some helminths.	comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity were carried out in clonorchis sinensis, eurytrema pancreaticum, fasciola hepatica, dipylidium caninum, hymenolepis nana, ascaris suum, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and dirofilaria immitis. the enzymes examined were: n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ec 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31) and beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23). there were variations in enzyme distribution and intensity among the species and als ...	1986	3084622
[the hygiene of keeping dogs in city apartments].	16 family households with school-aged children and 15 elderly couples without children were questioned about their views on the hygienics of holding dogs in their apartment. the dogs of each household were clinically treated three times at intervals of four weeks. samples were taken of dog feces and smears were made of the oral mucosa, skin, feeding dishes, water bowls and of their resting places for parasitological, bacteriological and mycological examinations. families with children had a more ...	1986	3107273
biochemical and immunological systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes: genetic divergence between congeners.	vertical starch gel electrophoresis and trefoil immunodiffusion were used to study the systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes. within the ascarididae, the time scale of divergence was too great for intergeneric electrophoretic comparisons. congeneric electrophoretic comparisons of baylisascaris procyonis (host--raccoon) versus baylisascaris transfuga (host--black bear), and toxocara canis (host--domestic dog) versus toxocara cati (host--domestic cat) yielded nei genetic distance coefficients o ...	1987	3114467
comparative study of amino acid contents and ldh isozyme by electrophoresis and slab-page in adult worms of ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum and toxocara canis.		1987	3127150
role of a mouse monoclonal ige antibody in passive transfer of immunity to schistosoma japonicum infection.	we have been able to produce a mouse monoclonal ige antibody specific to an adult worm antigen extracted from schistosoma japonicum (sj). the antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against sj with the highest titer of 1:256,000 but did not cross-react with s. mansoni antigen. the antibody recognized a 97-kda molecule expressed on the surface of mechanically transformed schistosoma of s. japonicum. passive transfer of the antibody into mice in the early stage of ...	1987	3151097
analysis of toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens: physicochemical characterization and antibody recognition.	toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens (tex) were resolved by gradient pore polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed using silver, periodic acid-schiff, and immunoperoxidase stains. at least 15 bands between 29 and 94 kilodaltons (kda) were detected by silver stain, all of which were recognized by antibodies in serum of a patient with visceral larva migrans. immunoperoxidase stain detected an additional band at 92 kda and 4-6 others above 200 kda. periodic acid-schiff stain al ...	1987	3298601
toxocara canis: monoclonal antibodies to larval excretory-secretory antigens that bind with genus and species specificity to the cuticular surface of infective larvae.	when maintained in culture, the infective-stage larvae of toxocara canis produce a group of excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies to these antigens have been produced and partially characterized. hybridomas were made using spleens from mice that had been given 250 embryonated eggs of t. canis followed by immunization with excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies were first screened against excretory-secretory antigens using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ...	1987	3315735
[the disease picture and treatment of toxocara canis uveitis in childhood].	the disease process of uveitis due to toxocara canis infection has a much more severe course in children than in adults. it can be cured by special drugs (mintezol) and corticosteroids, which at the same time also reduce the inflammatory symptoms. in patients with endophthalmitis, vitrectomy may be indicated. the improvement in visual acuity depends both on the localization of the degenerations and on the duration of the disease. the authors consider sonographic examination indispensable for dif ...	1987	3323637
ascarid infections of cats and dogs.	the ascarids toxocara canis, toxocara cati, and toxascaris leonina are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in small animal practice. both t. canis and t. cati can cause serious disease in kittens and puppies; t. leonina is generally less pathogenic. prenatal transmission assures that virtually all puppies are born infected with t. canis. transmammary transmission is probably the major route of infection for kittens with t. cati. in addition, all three species of worm ...	1987	3328391
eosinophilia in chimeric mice infected with toxocara canis.	a marked strain variation in eosinophilia following oral infection with toxocara canis eggs was observed in mice. mutual radiation chimeras between high and low responder mice in terms of eosinophilia were made and compared with the respective donor and recipient for eosinophilia after the infection. as a result, the degree and time course of eosinophilia in chimeric mice were similar to those in donors. the result suggested that genes which regulate inheritance of the trait, marked eosinophilia ...	1987	2956318
metabolite mapping of toxocara canis using one- and two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	one- and two-dimensional proton (1h) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopic techniques have yielded detailed in vitro profiles of the metabolites present in the parasitic nematode toxocara canis. the major intracellular metabolites were found to include trehalose, alanine, succinate, acetate, propionate and alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine.	1987	2827022
alteration in immune response of mice with dual infection of toxocara canis and japanese encephalitis virus.	concurrent dual infections of mice with toxocara canis and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) showed a distinct synergistic effect of the parasite on sublethal jev infection. dose-dependent effects were evident in the mice infected dually and with t. canis alone; leucocytosis with suppression of eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and reduction in migration inhibition factor produced by spleen cells in response to t. canis and jev antigens were recorded, particularly in the former group. these c ...	1987	2835835
use of bronchoalveolar lavage to compare local pulmonary immunity with the systemic immune response of toxocara canis-infected mice.	following infection of mice with larvae of the canine roundworm toxocara canis, there is a persistent pneumonitis. heretofore, nothing was known about the immunologic potential of the cells that constitute this inflammatory exudate. by performing bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), enough inflammatory cells were obtained to compare the local pulmonary immune response to t. canis infection with the systemic immune response as reflected in the peripheral blood and spleen cells of the same mice. groups o ...	1987	2887514
shared carbohydrate epitopes on distinct surface and secreted antigens of the parasitic nematode toxocara canis.	the nematode parasite toxocara canis is found in all dog populations and poses a poorly defined health hazard to humans. we have studied excretory-secretory antigen (es) and surface antigens of the infective larval stage which is tissue-invasive in mammalian hosts. antigens were probed with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies raised in mice to whole es. six of eight antibodies reacted with periodate-sensitive carbohydrate epitopes on es molecules, and the remaining two (tcn-3 and tcn-6) recog ...	1987	2438350
species-specific and common epitopes on the secreted and surface antigens of toxocara cati and toxocara canis infective larvae.	it is widely accepted that the major cause of visceral larva migrans (vlm) in man is toxocara canis infection. this has been largely based on the detection of antibodies to this species. we have compared the antigens of t. canis and toxocara cati in order to establish whether assay for the former might be compromised by infection with the latter. comparisons were made by radioiodination of the surface and excretory/secretory (es) glycoproteins of the infective larvae of both species, immunopreci ...	1987	2442693
[pleural effusion and toxocara canis].	toxocariasis is an infrequent disease which particularly affects children. toxocara canis is an uncommon parasite of man, who is not the normal host for the nematode. without doubt toxocara will be recognised more and more thanks to specific serological tests, in particular the elisa-esa test. the authors observed the association of a pleural reaction and a generalised hypereosinophilia (blood, pleural fluid and broncho-alveolar lavage). they noted a complete regression on mebendazole.	1987	3589105
the effect of radiation on the viability and migratory ability of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis in mice.	larval counts were made on mice 2 days after oral inoculation with x-ray (0-320 krad) or of gamma ray (0-6 mrad) irradiated eggs containing second-stage toxocara canis larvae. the majority of the larvae irradiated with 0-40 krad were recovered from the liver and lungs, while most of the larvae irradiated with 80 or 160 krad remained in the digestive tract, mainly in the stomach and the proximal half of the small intestine. only a small number of the 320 krad irradiated larvae was recovered from ...	1987	3590613
[larva migrans visceralis--occurrence of ascarid eggs in sandboxes in the east german district city of cottbus].	between 1982 and 1985 18 sand-pits were examined for toxocara canis eggs. eggs were found in 4 sand-pits. this implies a risk of larva migrans visceralis infection for children playing in these sand-pits. some measures for diminishing the contamination are recommended.	1987	3619114
ocular toxocara canis infections: diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay.	an enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) was used to establish the sero-prevalence of toxocara canis infection in several new zealand populations including those who, through environment or occupation, had close contact with dogs. the prevalence of positive elisa values found reflected the degree of dog contact, e.g. positive elisa's occurred in 2.8% of urban adults, 13.9% of dog breeders and 28.4% of hydatid control officers emphasizing that a history of dog contact needs to be considered when elis ...	1987	3620188
homology and heterology between the secreted antigens of the parasitic larval stages of ascaris lumbricoides and ascaris suum.	the materials released in vitro by the tissue-parasitic larval stages of the large roundworm of man, ascaris lumbricoides, were analysed by radio-iodination, immunoprecipitation, and sds-page. the antigens were found to be heterogeneous, ranging in molecular weight from 14 to 410 kd, and were found to alter radically during the parasites' migration to the lungs. the antigens secreted by the infective and lung-stage larvae of the pig homologue, ascaris suum, were compared with those of the human ...	1987	3621674
asymptomatic toxocariasis in children. a prospective study and treatment trial.	screening of 153 hispanic children attending a hospital-based primary care clinic revealed a 16 percent prevalence of toxocara canis infection. infections were found in other household occupants for half of these children. follow-up of 20 children (for periods of up to 7 years) with asymptomatic t. canis infection failed to demonstrate any clinical sequelae. however, longer periods would be necessary to entirely discount the possibility of latent ocular disease. treatment with thiabendazole did ...	1987	3621769
[comparative studies on slab-page of proteins of ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum and toxocara canis].		1987	3623535
[differential diagnosis between retinoblastoma and ocular toxocariasis].	we studied the sensitivity for toxocara canis (elisa technique) in 5 cases of retinoblastoma confirmed by anatomopathological examination. some presented with a positive reaction in serum and/or in aqueous. now that surgical technique are available that permit to functionally save eyes affected by toxocariasis, we felt that a safe and reliable differential diagnosis between toxocariasis and retinoblastoma is of major importance. a positive elisa test even in the aqueous fluid does'nt seem reliab ...	1987	3624795
toxocara canis infection of children: epidemiologic and neuropsychologic findings.	sera from 4,652 children whose blood was submitted to the new york city department of health for lead analysis were tested for antibodies to toxocara canis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). standardized to the age distribution of the study population, t. canis seropositivity (inverse titers greater than or equal to 16) was 5.7 per cent in males and 5.1 per cent in females. t. canis antibody titers and lead exposures as measured by centers for disease control lead classes were p ...	1987	3565646
maternal transmission by alaria marcianae (trematoda) and the concept of amphiparatenesis.	the term amphiparatenic host was coined originally for hosts of alaria marcianae that as adults are paratenic hosts, but as juveniles serve as definitive hosts. in this study the concept of amphiparatenesis is placed in a theoretical context, maternal transmission shown to be the basic mechanism, and the concept extended to include toxocara canis, t. cati, t. pteropodis, neoascaris vitulorum, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria lucasi, various species of strongyloides, pharyngostomoides procyonis, an ...	1987	3572644
radiolabeling and autoradiographic tracing of toxocara canis larvae in male mice.	artificially hatched infective larvae of toxocara canis were labeled with 75se in medium 199 (gibco) containing 75se-methionine. male cd-1 mice were infected with radiolabeled larvae by intragastric intubation or by intraperitoneal injection. at intervals of 3-56 days mice were killed and the organs prepared for compressed organ autoradiography. radioactivity of parasitic larvae showed an exponential decrease with time, reflecting catabolism of label with a biological half life of 26 days (effec ...	1987	3572645
effects of irradiation on the biology of the infective larvae of toxocara canis in the mouse.	mice were infected with either 2,000 normal or irradiated embryonated eggs of toxocara canis and the number of larvae in their livers, lungs, brains, and carcasses investigated at 5, 20, and 33 days of infection. mortality of mice infected with normal eggs was 33% between day 4 and 8 postinfection but there was no mortality among mice infected with irradiated eggs. irradiation with 60, 90, or 150 kr of x-rays inhibited the migration of larvae from the livers and lungs and their accumulation in b ...	1987	3572671
cryopreservation and long-term in vitro maintenance of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.	second stage larvae of toxocara canis were isolated from developed eggs, frozen in eagle's minimal essential medium with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide or 10% glycerol as cryoprotectants according to two cooling schedules and maintained in liquid nitrogen for 1 week. after thawing, the previously frozen larvae (fl) and unfrozen controls (cl) were maintained in a chemically defined medium in vitro for 35 weeks. while cl had motility rates around 95% to 97% throughout the experiment, previously frozen larv ...	1987	3575291
visceral larva migrans in french adults: a new disease syndrome?	visceral larva migrans is apparently an endemic disease among adults in southwest france. thirty-seven adults living in the midi-pyrenees region of france were confirmed as having visceral larva migrans based on an increased specific antibody titer to toxocara canis as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by the western blot method. the disease was characterized clinically by weakness, pruritus, rash, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, and pathologically by allergic manif ...	1987	3578244
presumed toxocara canis with peripheral retinal granuloma and secondary macular hole.	ocular manifestations of a presumed parasitic infection toxocaris canis were discovered in the eye of a 53-year-old male presenting for a routine examination. current serologic and skin tests were of little value in establishing the diagnosis, although the elisa immunosorbent agglutination serologic test was helpful but not definitive. the clinician therefore was forced to diagnose this disease based on the characteristic clinical findings.	1987	3584809
control of toxocara canis in puppies: a comparison of screening techniques and evaluation of a dosing programme.	conventional chemoprophylaxis of canine toxocariasis is based upon the treatment of young puppies. it is proposed that physiological considerations and the complexity of the host-parasite relationship in the case of toxocara canis demand that anthelmintic evaluation should properly be conducted in such animals rather than in adolescent or adult dogs. a screening model using the critical trial technique in early weaned pups gave variable results even with compounds known to be of high efficacy in ...	1987	3586119
human toxocariasis. review with report of a probable case.	a 23-year-old woman with fever, myalgias, stridor, pelvic cramping, lower abdominal pain, and profound eosinophilia was presumed to have toxocariasis. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of 1:64 and an elevated ige level supported the diagnosis. the patient became asymptomatic without treatment, and the eosinophil count returned to normal over several months. a stool sample from her dog was found to contain toxocara canis ova, but the patient had no history of geophagia. presumably, she a ...	1987	3543902
immune-mediated adherence of eosinophils to toxocara canis infective larvae: the role of excretory-secretory antigens.	the participation of toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens in immune-mediated adherence was determined in vitro. adsorption of immune sera with excretory-secretory antigens removed some complement components, removed igg antibody directed against larval surfaces, and abrogated all adherence observed with untreated immune serum. at least four antigens could be implicated in adherence, by western blot analysis of adherence mediating sera. scanning and transmission electron microscopic ...	1987	3550601
zoonotic visceral and ocular larva migrans.	infection of children with the larval stage of the dog roundworm toxocara canis usually produces few, if any, clinical signs. in some children, however, the disease may be severe, with permanent ocular or neurologic sequelae. because the prevalence of infection may exceed 10 per cent in some population subgroups, it is important to understand the modes of transmission and risk factors for infection. the clinical presentations of toxocariasis as well as recommendations for their prevention are de ...	1987	3551310
eosinophil response in mast cell-deficient w/wv mice.	the combination of cyclophosphamide treatment and toxocara canis infection is known as an effective way of causing a high level of eosinophilia in mice. when this treatment was applied to congenitally anemic, mast cell-deficient w/wv mice, eosinophil response was far less than that of their normal littermate +/+ mice. the degree of the defective eosinophil response in the peripheral blood of w/wv mice was severer than that in the bone marrow. the defective eosinophil response of w/wv mice was co ...	1987	3553034
biophysical properties of the surface lipid of parasitic nematodes.	the biophysical properties of the surface lipid layer (the epicuticle) of living parasitic nematodes (trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) were examined using fluorescent lipid analogues. a variety of such probes were screened, and only 5-n-(octadecanoyl)-aminofluorescein was found to insert into the outer lipid layer. fluorescence quenching experiments showed that this probe was confined to the surface, and the rate of its lateral diffusion was then measured by fluorescence recovery after p ...	1987	3553935
computed tomography of toxocara canis endophthalmitis.	many lesions, termed pseudogliomas, may mimic the appearance of retinoblastoma, both clinically and on computed tomography. the appearance of toxocara canis endophthalmitis on computed tomography is presented. the role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients presenting with leukokoria is discussed.	1987	3492334
a rapid detection of toxocaral antibodies by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) in dogs.	this study describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antigen-coated nitrocellulose (nc) paper (dot-elisa) for detecting antibodies against toxocara canis infection in dogs. some advantages could be achieved by using a dot-elisa; 1) antigen could be directly and immediately bound on nc paper, 2) this assay could be carried out within 1.5 h, 3) all assay steps could be performed at room temperature, 4) the well-defined blue spots formed on nc paper could be evaluated by both visual obse ...	1987	3439389
age-relationships of toxocara canis seropositivity and geohelminth infection prevalence in two communities in st. lucia, west indies.	sera were examined from an age-stratified sample of two caribbean communities using the toxocara-elisa with larval es antigen. seropositivity was markedly age dependent, attaining maximal values (40 and 60%) in 5-15 year olds and declining in adults. the rate of acquisition of infection with toxocara canis and the age-prevalence profile are similar to those of ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura. it is suggested that toxocariasis is likely to be prevalent in tropical areas with endemic ...	1987	3441737
an immunochemical investigation of the allergens from ascaris suum perienteric fluid. cross-reactivity, molecular weight distribution and correlation with phosphorylcholine-containing components.	an extract of ascaris suum perienteric fluid was fractionated on sephadex g-200 and the resulting high molecular weight (approx. 600,000 daltons) and low molecular weight (approx. 16,000 daltons) fractions examined for allergenicity using human sera. radioallergosorbent (rast) and rast-inhibition assays showed that the high molecular weight fraction was 15- to 40-fold more potent than the low molecular weight fraction. crossed radio-immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed that the high molecular w ...	1987	3804458
intestinal parasites in pet store puppies in atlanta.	we examined 143 pups from 14 atlanta area pet stores for intestinal parasites and reviewed deworming practices and information given to customers. seventy-four (52 per cent) of the pups had at least one parasite including giardia sp. (34 per cent), toxocara canis (12 per cent), and isospora sp. (9 per cent). eighty-eight per cent received some form of anthelminthic treatment while at the store. only six (43 per cent) of the stores routinely informed clients of the need to continue deworming proc ...	1987	3812843
circulating excretory-secretory antigen levels and specific antibody responses in mice infected with toxocara canis.	circulatory excretory-secretory antigen levels and igm and igg responses to larval antigens were monitored in the serum of 20 balb/c mice that had been given approximately 500 infective eggs of toxocara canis by stomach tube. other groups of mice received different doses of infective eggs, ranging from 5 to 1,250 eggs. excretory-secretory antigens were collected from culture fluid in which mechanically hatched larvae of t. canis were maintained. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was ...	1987	3812886
anthelmintic effect of levamisole hydrochloride or ivermectin on tissue toxocariasis of mice.	paranatal transmission of toxocara canis infection could be prevented in pups if an effective drug were administered to pregnant bitches. this drug also could eliminate the larvae in dogs that have been experimentally infected repeatedly to produce protective immunity. for these reasons, we assayed the effect of 2 doses of levamisole hydrochloride or ivermectin on t canis larvae. mice (5 groups) were infected with 1,000 infective t canis larvae and then treated with 2 different dosages of levami ...	1987	3826867
the impact of single versus repeated exposure of mice to toxocara canis.	infection with t. canis can alter dramatically the brain and behavior of the host. previous results suggest that if the mammalian host is exposed either simultaneously to lead, or has a history of prior exposure to that toxic substance, the magnitude of the behavioral reaction to t. canis may be modified or even reduced. the present data suggest that the magnitude of both the behavioral and tissue/immune reactions may be less if the organism has multiple, instead of a single exposure, to t. cani ...	1987	3659146
parasitic infections in yakima indians.	two hundred and five yakima indians (age range: one to 66 years) were examined for parasitic infections, and various environmental exposures to infection. a questionnaire was completed by each participant and an anal swab, blood specimens and a single faecal sample were obtained. eight of 181 swabs (4.4%) contained eggs of enterobius vermicularis. of 89 faecal specimens submitted, 12 (13.5%) and 1 (1.1%) respectively contained giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium. sera were screened for antibodie ...	1987	3662670
the consequences of parasitic infection for the behavior of the mammalian host.	as many as one billion people may be infected with animal parasites. the behavioral consequences of such infection, or of illness in general, is poorly understood. this issue is discussed using as an example infection of mice with toxocara canis, the common roundworm of dogs. current literature suggests that two-thirds of all dogs have been infected with this parasite, and 7% of all humans have antibodies to t. canis. t. canis completes its life cycle in dogs, but when it infects aberrant mammal ...	1987	3665867
comparative study of assays detecting circulating immune complexes and specific antibodies in patients infected with toxocara canis.	a sandwich elisa method using previously described e/s antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies has been developed to detect circulating immune complexes in patients infected with toxocara canis. this technique could be used for the study of the dynamics of the parasite-host relationship, as we believe the detection of immune complexes and/or soluble antigen to be an improvement over detection of antibodies only. in this parasitosis, antibodies may be present in residual levels for prolonged perio ...	1987	3668209
superoxide dismutase activity in nematodes.	the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (e.c.:1.15.1.1) and catalase (e.c.:1.11.1.6) were studied in purified extracts of four nematodes: ascaris suum, toxascaris leonina, toxocara canis and t. cati adult males and females. no catalase activity was found in any of the extracts. the results reveal that the sod activities of the four parasites presented species differences and also sexual differences within each species. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern analysis confirmed that ...	1987	3668213
[ocular form of toxocara canis infection in children].		1987	3669545
parasites of stray dogs in the rabat region, morocco.	eighteen parasites were identified from 57 stray dogs from the urban and rural areas of rabat. the prevalence of the species of parasites was: ctenocephalides (c. canis, c. felis) 94.7%, rhipicephalus sanguineus 68.5%, linguatula serrata, babesia canis, isospora canis each 3.5%, toxocara canis 7%, dirofilaria immitis, taenia hydatigena, t. pisiformis each 12.3%, dipetalonema dracunculoides 10.5%, ancylostoma caninum 17.5% echinococcus granulosus 22.8%, toxascaris leonina 33.3%, dipylidium caninu ...	1987	3675044
detection of circulating parasite antigen and specific antibody in toxocara canis infections.	serological surveys, measuring humoral antibody responses, have indicated significant levels of human infection with the zoonotic nematode toxocara canis, and raised concern about the resultant risk of ocular and neurological damage. such measurements do not distinguish with certainty current infection from past exposure. thus, we have developed a test for circulating toxocara antigen released by parasites in the host. this monoclonal antibody-based two-site 'sandwich' assay discriminates betwee ...	1988	2465108
the surfaces of the parasitic nematodes trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-c3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway.	the binding of human complement components c3, c5 and c9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. this showed that although c3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of c5 and c9; c5 bound only minimally to t. spiralis, and c9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. in contrast, both early and ...	1988	2971916
cryopreservation of parasites.	in this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1-2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. infective larvae of the nematode toxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. although motility of previously deep-frozen la ...	1988	3053232
the secreted and somatic antigens of the third stage larva of anisakis simplex, and antigenic relationship with ascaris suum, ascaris lumbricoides, and toxocara canis.	the in vitro-released 'excretory/secretory' (es) and somatic antigens of the third stage (infective) larva of anisakis simplex were characterised by radioiodination, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. oral infection with the parasite elicited a substantial igg antibody response to es in infected rabbits and humans, with a minimal response to somatic materials. serial serum sampling in experimental infection showed that there was a sequential reco ...	1988	3054540
a critical look at the importance, prevalence and control of toxocariasis and the possibilities of immunological control.	the visceral infection of humans with toxocara canis is particularly prevalent in children and may cause a variety of symptoms that commonly persist for 6-24 months. the ocular infection usually causes permanent loss of visual acuity. human infection is acquired by ingestion of embryonated t. canis eggs with contaminated dirt. review of recent reports indicates that patent t. canis infection is widely prevalent in the general population of dogs all over the world (3-81%) and results in a substan ...	1988	3059669
comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of baylisascaris procyonis, toxocara canis and ascaris suum by western blotting and enzyme immunoassay.		1988	3366527
[visceral larva migrans syndrome. description of a case caused by toxocara canis].	visceral larva migraine syndrome in most often caused by the migration of toxocara canis larvae in the tissues after ingestion of the embryonated eggs. the disease, characterised by granulomas, is most commonly found among children in whom it causes fever, hepatomegaly, respiratory disturbances and eosinophilia. diagnosis is by biopsy and serum tests and prophylaxis is essential since no specific therapy exists. the case of toxocariasis described was encountered in a middle aged women and is unu ...	1988	3368113
a survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in the area of thessaloniki, greece.	faecal specimens randomly taken from 232 healthy dogs living in the area of thessaloniki were screened for internal parasites. in 39.2% of the examined dogs excretion of sarcocystis bovicanis (1.3%), isospora ohioensis/burrowsi (3.9%), giardia lamblia (0.8%), hammondia heydorni (0.4%), dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.8%) diplopylidium nolleri (0.4%), joyeuxiella pasqualei (0.8%), taeniids (0.4%), toxocara canis (22.4%), toxascaris leonina (1.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (3.0%), trichuris vulpis (2.6% ...	1988	3372979
excretory/secretory antigen of toxocara canis: recognition profiles of polyclonal and larvicidal monoclonal antibodies.	five monoclonal antibodies against the excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen of toxocara canis were obtained and characterized. immunoprecipitating activity was demonstrated in an in-vitro microprecipitating assay using live t. canis larvae. their capacity to kill larvae was also shown in an in-vitro assay. two zones of reactivity were observed in 7.5 and 12.5% sds-page (177-77 kd, 43-15 kd) of immunoprecipitates of human and mouse positive polyclonal antisera. the murine monoclonal antibodies showe ...	1988	3374963
seroepidemiologic survey of toxocara canis infection in urban and rural children.		1988	3375411
ige and igg antibodies in toxocara canis infection. a clinical evaluation.	the relationship between ige and igg antibodies against the metabolic exoantigen of toxocara canis (tex antigen) in sera of selected patients with the ocular and visceral form of the disease have been investigated. the specificity and sensitivity of the tex antigen employed in immunoenzymatic and radioimmunologic assays have been verified. six hundred and forty-one sera from healthy donors were tested as controls. our data emphasize the importance of ige antibodies to ocular larva migrans syndro ...	1988	3389570
[the so-called "ocular histoplasmosis syndrome"].	the authors describe seven patients presenting with ophthalmoscopic findings typical of "presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome." however, no humoral antibodies could be demonstrated. moreover, the results of skin tests were all negative even after "boostering." hence, the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis had to be ruled out. tests for listeriosis, lues, leptospirosis, ornithosis, toxocara canis, toxoplasmosis, larva migrans, and candida albicans were also negative. there are evidently other, ...	1988	3404947
specificity of toxocara elisa in tropical populations.	the diagnosis of human infection by toxocara canis relies heavily upon serological tests, the specificity of which can be inadequate in regions of endemic helminthiasis. when different population groups of tropical venezuela were evaluated using elisa based upon toxocara excretory-secretory antigen (tcesa), solid-phase adsorption of the sera with extracts of a wide variety of non-homologous parasites revealed the existence of significant cross-reactivity. this was effectively and conveniently ov ...	1988	3412787
seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection in tropical venezuela.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to determine the seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection in different socio-economic groups of the tropical population of venezuela. the lack of definitive independent diagnostic criteria for toxocariasis required the establishment of operational upper limits of normality for toxocara elisa values, based upon their log-normalized distribution in a presumptive "non-toxocariasis" sub-population. only 1.8% of urban subjects of medium-high soc ...	1988	3188156
pulmonary granuloma formation in murine toxocariasis: transfer of granulomatous hypersensitivity using bronchoalveolar lavage cells.	a major drawback to studying granuloma formation in murine toxocariasis is the ability of the second-stage larva of toxocara canis to escape from a developing granuloma, migrate elsewhere, and initiate granuloma formation anew. in an attempt to circumvent this difficulty, 2 different t. canis-derived antigenic preparations were covalently attached to sepharose 4b beads and embolized into the microvasculature of the lungs of cba/j mice that had been infected 10 days previously with 25 t. canis ov ...	1988	3193334
[the geography of toxocariasis in the ussr. 1. the geographic range of toxocara canis (werner, 1782)].		1988	3193928
studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. iii. the bursting activity of tannins on dog roundworm larva.		1988	3203418
disseminated granulomatous disease in a cat caused by larvae of toxocara canis.	the gross and histological findings of a case of disseminated granulomatous disease caused by larval nematode infection in a cat are presented. the larvae were identified as those of toxocara canis and the lesions associated with infection of cats with various ascaridoid larvae are discussed.	1988	3204169
effects of milbemycin on adult toxocara canis in dogs with experimentally induced infection.	to determine the efficacy of a formulation of milbemycins in treating patent infection with toxocara canis, 8 male and 7 female, 10-week-old, ascarid-free beagles each were given 125 embryonated eggs of t canis. all dogs developed patent infection within 56 days. on post-infection day 70, the dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups of 5 dogs each; members of 1 group were given a placebo, while dogs of the other 2 groups were given either 5.68 or 34.08 mg of the milbemycin formulation, respectively. ...	1988	3247924
the epidemiology of toxocara canis.	bred as hunter, companion and pet, the dog has a long and honourable association with man. yet the domestic dog can host a wide range of parasites - many of which can also infect humans. one of these, the ascarid nematode toxocara canis (fig. 1), is of particular interest because of retinal damage that may result from larvae becoming trapped in the eye. at the hospital for tropical diseases in london, about 20-30 patients with toxocariasis are treated annually. widespread fouling of public parks ...	1988	15463080
enhancement of neutrophil adherence to toxocara canis larvae by the c3 component of complement and igg antibodies.	in the present study, the binding human neutrophils to toxocara canis larvae was examined in vitro. it was found that igg and/or the c3 component of complement were able to enhance the attachment of the cells to the parasites. this was associated with the generation of strong chemiluminescence reactions. despite the binding of the cells, the larvae were able to escape and to maintain their infectivity. this was apparent, since the parasites could survive and migrate into different organs includi ...	1989	2929192
antigenic relationships between the surface-exposed, secreted and somatic materials of the nematode parasites ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis.	the cosmopolitan nematode parasites ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis are closely related phylogenetically, and are all pathogenic to man. in the case of the latter, the antigens released by the tissue-invasive parasitic larvae in vitro ('excretory/secretory' or 'es' antigens) are routinely used for serodiagnostic purposes. here we have found, using radioimmunoprecipitation with defined rabbit antiserum, and sds-page, that there is a significant antigenic similarity between ...	1989	2467777
effects of temperature on the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of adult muscle of toxocara canis.	purified mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (m-mdh) of toxocara canis muscle presented maximum activity at 48 degrees c. a clear change in slope of the arrhenius plot was observed. the energy of activation calculated for the catalytic process showed values of 3.2 kcal/mol and 10.5 kcal/mol. thermal inactivation of m-mdh showed that it is more thermolabile than the s-isoenzyme. the inactivation of the enzyme by heat could be reduced at least in part by the addition of 0.1 mm nadh. the h ...	1989	2483804
eosinophilia, granuloma formation, migratory behaviour of second stage larvae in murine toxocara canis infection. effect of the inoculum size.	experimental infection of mice with toxocara canis provides one of the best models for immunological and pathological studies of the visceral larva migrans syndrome. blood eosinophilia, the migratory behaviour of second stage larvae and granuloma formation were studied in swiss mice infected with toxocara canis. eosinophilia, spleen, liver and lung indexes were followed during a primary infection with different inoculum sizes (500 and 1500 eggs) while the migratory behaviour of larvae was studie ...	1989	2486994
[antibodies against toxocara canis in human serum from western sicily].	335 human sera of western sicily were examined with an elisa method for the prevalence of antibodies anti-toxocara canis. the results (13% pos. in psychiatric patients,9.4% in farmers, 1.9% in children and 1.2% in blood donors) seem to indicate a strong correlation between style of life and infestation risk.	1989	2491292
helminth ova in soil from children's playgrounds in calabar, nigeria.	a study was undertaken to examine the helminth ova in soil from children's playgrounds in calabar, nigeria. a total of 150 soil samples were collected from the playgrounds studied. ova of ascaris lumbricoides (10 percent, 12 percent and 20 percent) were found in these playgrounds. in addition, each of the following helminth ova was found respectively in each of the playgrounds: trichuris vulpis (4 percent), toxocara canis (8 percent) and strongyloides stercoralis (6 percent). the public health a ...	1989	2582487
[behavior and pathogenicity of larva of toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae) in the mouse].	to evaluate the interdependence between pathological changes and the level of infection the behaviour of toxocara canis larvae in the host, the course of the disease as well as quality and quantity of histological changes were investigated after experimental infection with 1,000, 500, 250, and 125 larvae respectively. the main places where the larvae of toxocara canis were found at any time after infection were musculature and brain. regardless of the level of infection the absolute and relative ...	1989	2596202
a rapid method for hatching infective eggs of toxocara canis.		1989	2609374
efficacy of nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, against natural infections of canine gastrointestinal helminths.	nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, was highly efficacious against natural infections of all the major canine gastrointestinal helminths. at single oral dosages of 0.2-0.4 mg kg-1 body weight (bw), a liquid formulation administered in gelatin capsules was 100% effective in eliminating natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. tablets (267 mg) containing 4.6% nemadectin given at a rate of 1/3 tablet per 20 kg bw (0.2 mg nem ...	1989	2617829
effect of albendazole in experimental toxocariasis of mice.	fifty-five mice were each infected with 800 embryonated eggs of toxocara canis. beginning on the second day of the infection, one group received a single 9 mg dose of albendazole every 24 hours for an eight-day period while a second group received 3 mg of albendazole every eight hours for the same period. on the tenth day of infection, mice in each treatment group and their corresponding controls were sacrificed, and the presence and motility of t. canis larvae in the brain were determined. with ...	1989	2619377
a survey of helminths in domestic cats in the pretoria area of transvaal, republic of south africa. part 1: the prevalence and comparison of burdens of helminths in adult and juvenile cats.	the helminths found in 1,502 necropsied cats were examined. the findings indicated that 65% of the cats were infested. the most prevalent helminths encountered were ancylostoma tubaeforme (41%), ancylostoma braziliense (25%), dipylidium caninum (23%), toxocara cati (11%), taenia taeniaeformis (7.7%), ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), joyeuxiella fuhrmanni (2.5%), ancylostoma ceylanicum (1.4%), and physaloptera praeputialis (1.3%). the following helminths were recorded in fewer than 1% of the cats: cen ...	1989	2634770
toxocara canis: proteolytic enzymes secreted by the infective larvae in vitro.	second-stage larvae of the dog nematode toxocara canis are infective to man and cause the syndromes of visceral larva migrans and ocular toxocariasis. larvae cultured in vitro secrete proteases which degrade components of a model of extracellular matrix and basement membranes. these enzymes have been characterized using a variety of techniques. multiple enzyme activities were demonstrated by substrate gel electrophoresis, associated with proteins of molecular weights of 120 and 32 kda. the enzym ...	1989	2659374
physicochemical characterization and monoclonal and polyclonal antibody recognition of baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory antigens.	baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens consisted of complex glycoproteins ranging from 10 kda to over 200 kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin binding. five monoclonal antibodies (bapr1-bapr5) produced against b. procyonis es antigens were assayed by western blotting with larval es antigens from b. procyonis, baylisascaris melis, baylisascaris transfuga, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis. bapr1 and bapr2 recognized per ...	1989	2668490
elisa for diagnosis of gnathostomiasis using antigens from gnathostoma doloresi and g. spinigerum.	elisa was developed for the detection of igg antibody in sera obtained from patients in japan and in a foreign country. gnathostoma doloresi adult antigen was less specific than g. spinigerum advanced third-stage larval antigen but their sensitivity were similar. cross reactivity was observed in toxocara canis-, anisakis-, paragonimus westermani- and fasciola-infected sera when g. doloresi adult worms but not g. spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae were used as antigens.	1989	2692193
[simultaneous toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis infection in the czechoslovak population].	the authors discuss the coexistence of infection with toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis in man. both these zoonoses are the most widespread and most serious of all tissue parasitoses on the territory of the cssr. knowledge of the incidence and frequency of concurrent infections is important for the differential diagnosis and therapy. in the introduction the authors mention briefly the incidence of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in animal hosts on the territory of the cssr, deals with the dev ...	1989	2713903