Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| activity of pentamidine-loaded methacrylate nanoparticles against leishmania infantum in a mouse model. | the use of drug delivery systems may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of antileishmanial compounds. in view of such a strategy, we loaded the antileishmanial agent pentamidine on polymethacrylate nanoparticles. the activity of pentamidine-loaded nanoparticles was compared with that of free pentamidine in a balb/c mice model of visceral leishmaniasis induced by leishmania infantum. on day 0, mice were infected intravenously with 10(7) promastigotes and then treated via the tail vein o ... | 1997 | 9421724 |
| hepatobiliar and renal failure in a dog experimentally infected with leishmania infantum. | 1997 | 9423240 | |
| vector-host-parasite inter-relationships in leishmaniasis. i. the effect of leishmania parasites on rate of digestion of blood proteins from various vertebrate hosts by the sand fly phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae). | protein digestion in the gut of phlebotomus langeroni (nitzulescu) was studied at four subsequent 24 hour intervals post feeding on human, dog (canis familiaris), rat (rattus rattus) and turkey (melagris gallopava) bloods with and without leishmania infantum or l. major promastigotes. most of the proteins of the studied blood meals were digested within 96 hours. the percent of blood proteins digested in the first 48 hours was higher than in the second 48 hours in all cases of the studied blood m ... | 1997 | 9425809 |
| vector-host-parasite inter-relationships in leishmaniasis. ii. influence of blood meal from natural vertebrate hosts with and without leishmania infantum and l. major on the proteolytic activity in the gut of phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae). | proteolytic activity in the gut of phlebotomus langeroni (nitzulescu) was studied at four subsequent 24 hours intervals post feeding on human, dog (canis familiaris), rat (rattus rattus) and turkey (melagris gallopava) bloods with and without leishmania infantum or l. major promastigotes. the gut proteolytic activity increased gradually after feeding to reach a maximum at 48 hours post feeding on any of the 12 studied blood meals. in all cases, the activity declined after 48 hours and almost ter ... | 1997 | 9425810 |
| evidence of sexual reproduction in the protozoan parasite leishmania of the old world. | three leishmania strains of the old world were the subject of this study. both the amastigote and promastigote stages were subjected to staining by feulgen procedure and examined by computerized image analyser system to determine their nuclear dna content. results of this study showed that, in the promastigote stage there is a single cell population, whereas in the amastigote stage there are two population of parasite nuclei. one with low level of dna resembling that of the promastigote and a se ... | 1997 | 9425811 |
| histopathological studies of syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum. | in the 1980s, infantile visceral leishmaniasis was documented in al agamy (alexandria). the causative agent is leishmania d. infantum and the insect vector is phlebotomus langeroni. in this paper, syrian golden hamsters were chosen as a model animal for histopathological studies of l. d. infantum. twenty four male hamsters were experimentally infected with l.d. infantum. every week, two hamsters were sacrificed and parts from the liver, heart, lung, spleen, small intestine and kidney were paraff ... | 1997 | 9425815 |
| vector-host-parasite inter-relationships in leishmaniasis. iii. impact of blood meal from natural vertebrate hosts on the survival and the development of leishmania infantum and l. major in phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus langeroni collected from a leishmaniasis endemic focus at et agamy, alexandria, egypt, were found to have fed on blood from man, dogs (canis familiaris) and rats (rattus rattus). the effect of the kind of blood meal on the development and the life-cycle of l. infantum and l. major in laboratory reared p. langeroni was therefore investigated. a membrane feeding technique was used to infect sand flies. gut smears of infected females were examined immediately after feeding and daily for ... | 1997 | 9425822 |
| vector-host-parasite inter-relationships in leishmaniasis. iv. electrophoretic studies on proteins of four vertebrate bloods with and without leishmania infantum or l. major. | fifty five protein bands with relative mobilities of 8,954 to 245,471 kilo daltons (kd) were electrophoretically separated from 12 feeding media of blood from 4 natural vertebrate hosts of phlebotomus langeroni. the feeding media included human, dog (canis familiaris), rat (rattus rattus) and turkey (melagris gallopava) bloods without or with leishmania infantum or l. major promastigotes. protein bands were identical among the feeding media of one host's blood but varied in number (24-28 bands) ... | 1997 | 9425823 |
| prevalence and epidemiological significance of trypanosoma cruzi infection among latin american immigrants in berlin, germany. | a survey was conducted among latin american immigrants living in berlin to investigate the presence of trypanosoma cruzi infection and to evaluate possible risk factors. one hundred persons were interviewed about risk factors (rural origin, contact with the reduviid bug) and evaluated serologically. the sera were tested with indirect immunofluorescence (iif). all samples seroreactive with iif were additionally evaluated with an elisa for t. cruzi antibodies. to rule out cross-reactivity all sero ... | 1997 | 9427054 |
| leishmania infantum promastigotes: flow cytometry as a possible tool for assessing the effects of drugs on cellular functions. | the capacity of flow-cytometric techniques to detect drug-specific biochemical targets and side effects in leishmania infantum promastigotes was estimated by assessing the effects of three antileishmanial drugs (pentamidine, allopurinol, and amphotericin b) on parasite metabolism. cell cycle and total protein content were estimated by staining cells with propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate, nonprotein thiols were stained by mercury orange, and membrane potential was measured by the a ... | 1997 | 9287952 |
| short report: leishmania tropica: etiologic agent of a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in northern morocco. | the domestic dog has been previously demonstrated to be the reservoir of leishmania infantum, the etiologic agent of human visceral leishmaniasis around the mediterranean basin. it can also be infected with l. tropica, the etiologic agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco. we report a canine l. tropica visceral infection for the first time in morocco. | 1997 | 9288811 |
| treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children with liposomal amphotericin b. | we used liposomal amphotericin b as first-choice treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in 106 immunocompetent children who acquired the infection in a temperate region of southern europe (italy) where leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. the aim of the study was to identify the minimum total dose of liposomal amphotericin b needed to cure the infection in children and reduce the period of hospitalization. we conclude that the optimal regimen in immunocompetent children with l. in ... | 1997 | 9290615 |
| hiv/leishmania co-infections in portugal: diagnosis and isoenzyme characterization of leishmania. | 1997 | 9290851 | |
| epidemiology of human visceral leishmaniasis in taounate, a northern province of morocco. | we report the preliminary results of an epidemiological survey carried out in the locality of ouled hcein, province of taounate (north morocco) around one visceral leishmaniasis infant case. the strain isolated from the child was characterized by three methods as leishmania infantum and its isoenzyme pattern was indistinguishable from zymodeme mon-1. the human survey in the locality of origin of the index case did not show any additional case and the serology was negative for the whole people sa ... | 1997 | 9296060 |
| comparison of aminosidine (paromomycin) and sodium stibogluconate for treatment of canine leishmaniasis. | twelve dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum were treated subcutaneously with aminosidine at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 per day for four weeks. antimonial compounds were used as reference drugs in twelve leishmania-infected dogs. eleven of the twelve dogs submitted to aminosidine therapy responded within 30 days. the treatment with the aminoglycoside antibiotic presented a marked decrease of anti-leishmania antibody titres than the controls. aminosidine also reduced urinary protein, serum i ... | 1997 | 9299695 |
| efficacy of aminosidine administered alone or in combination with meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum. | balb/c mice with an experimental visceral leishmaniasis produced by leishmania infantum were treated with aminosidine sulphate alone or combined with meglumine antimoniate. parasite burdens in the liver and spleen were determined by subculturings using a sensitive microtitration method. treatments with aminosidine alone decreased the parasite burdens compared with those observed in the untreated mice, but were less efficacious than meglumine antimoniate. aminosidine combined with meglumine antim ... | 1997 | 9301998 |
| asymptomatic leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | the frequency of asymptomatic infection among relatives and neighbors of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was compared and characterization of the immunological response in these subjects was performed. cases were from a new endemic area close to the beach and near salvador capital of the state of bahia, brazil. the characterization of asymptomatic infection was made using a skin reaction test and detection of antibody to leishmania chagasi by the elisa test. to characterize the immunologica ... | 1997 | 9302407 |
| canine leishmaniasis in northern lebanon. | 1997 | 9307665 | |
| rapid identification of causative species in patients with old world leishmaniasis. | conventional methods for the identification of species of leishmania parasite causing infections have limitations. by using a dna-based alternative, the present study tries to develop a new tool for this purpose. thirty-three patients living in marseilles (in the south of france) were suffering from visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. dna of the parasite in clinical samples (bone marrow, peripheral blood, or skin) from these patients were amplified by pcr and were directly sequenced. the sequen ... | 1997 | 9316906 |
| epidemiologic surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in sicily, italy. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic in sicily. although it is a notifiable disease, there is evidence that the actual number of cases is higher than that reported. in 1987, a regional reference center for active surveillance of vl was established and it recorded a total of 284 cases through 1995, a mean of 31.5 cases/year and about four-fold more than previously reported. of the 284 cases, 150 (53%) were children (< or = 14 years of age), and of the 134 adults, 39 (29%) were coinfected with h ... | 1997 | 9242323 |
| cloning of the gp63 surface protease of leishmania infantum. differential post-translational modifications correlated with different infective forms. | the leishmania cell surface virulence factor gp63 is a protease family that plays an important role in the survival of the parasite protozoon into the host macrophages. we have cloned and characterised the gp63 gene from l. infantum. the sequence analysis of the gene indicates the existence of a high degree of conservation with the other old world species l. major and l. donovani. the similarity is lower with new world species with the exception of l. chagasi which shows a strikingly high percen ... | 1997 | 9247093 |
| activity of a new liposomal formulation of amphotericin b against two strains of leishmania infantum in a murine model. | the efficacy of a new liposomal formulation of amphotericin b was compared to that of amphotericin b deoxycholate (fungizone) in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis induced by leishmania infantum. median effective doses (ed50) were determined with two different strains: strain 1 was obtained from an untreated patient, and strain 2 was obtained from a patient who had received 12.5 g of amphotericin b over 3 years. balb/c mice were infected intravenously on day 0 with promastigotes and then t ... | 1997 | 9257750 |
| visceral leishmaniasis with special reference to egypt (review and comment). | the leishmaniases comprise several diseases of wide diversity of manifestations caused by different species of the genus leishmania. they are grouped under three main headings: cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. leishmania donovani complex which visceralize in man with a predilection for infecting cells in the viscera, particularly in the spleen and the main vectors are phlebotomus of the "major" group. these include l.d. donovani (asia, mainly india ... | 1997 | 9257976 |
| immunological pattern in syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with schistosoma mansoni and leishmania d. infantum. | the immunoglobulins (igg, igm, ige, & iga) and the complements (c3 & c4) were studied in hamsters as result of a single infection (s. mansoni or l.d. infantum) and as concomitant infection (l.d. infantum on top of s. mansoni). the immunological pattern showed profound igg and iga increase in the concomitant group than either infection alone. also, concomitant infection induced more ige increase than either infection alone. on the other hand, c3 and c4 showed more decrease in concomitant infectio ... | 1997 | 9257989 |
| confirmation of clinical differentiation of three leishmania strains by computerized image analyser system. | three human strains of leishmania, one visceral and two cutaneous leishmaniasis were prepared from both culture and tissue of infected animals and subjected to analysis by computerised image analyser system. the results showed differences in the morphology and nucleic acid contents of the three strains. | 1997 | 9257994 |
| a new experimental in vitro culture medium for cultivation of leishmania species. | a new liquid culture medium prepared with chemicals that can be obtained economically and commercially was tested in in vitro cultivation of leishmania promastigotes to obtain a large number of organisms to use in serological studies. the number of leishmania infantum and leishmania tropica promastigotes taken from novy-macneal-nicolle (nnn) medium reached 1 x 10(7)/ml at the end of the 8th day in our new medium, though in nnn medium the number of organisms reached only 5 x 10(6)/ml. after 10 su ... | 1997 | 9276434 |
| leishmaniasis in malta and the mediterranean basin. | leishmaniasis is a public-health problem in most countries bordering the mediterranean littoral. in malta, where the disease has been recognized for many years, phlebotomus perniciosus is the established vector and dogs act as reservoir hosts. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was the only form of the disease recorded in malta until the early 1980s, when cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was recognized. although the incidence of cl has recently increased, the overall numbers of cases of leishmaniasis have ... | 1997 | 9625930 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in the north of italy. | 1997 | 9071629 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis. | 1997 | 9072707 | |
| leishmania chagasi: genotypically similar parasites from honduras cause both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. | in the mediterranean region leishmania infantum causes both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. these two pathologies tend to be caused by distinct parasite zymodemes. we have studied 33 isolates of leishmania, 2 from sandflies, 5 from visceral cases, and 26 from cutaneous cases in honduras, to determine if there is a correlation between pathology and parasite type in the new world similar to that in the mediterranean region. nine of the 26 cutaneous cases were caused by l. mexicana parasites, ... | 1997 | 9085923 |
| in vitro and in vivo resistance of leishmania infantum to meglumine antimoniate: a study of 37 strains collected from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | primary and secondary unresponsiveness to meglumine has long been described in human visceral leishmaniasis. however, no studies have been performed to elucidate if these therapeutic failures were due to strain variability in meglumine sensitivity or were related to host factors. we have studied the in vitro sensitivity of 37 strains of leishmania infantum isolated from 23 patients (11 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 12 immunocompetent patients) with visceral leishmaniasis. sensitivity ... | 1997 | 9087498 |
| experimental pathogenicity of viscerotropic and dermotropic isolates of leishmania infantum from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in a murine model. | the pathogenicity of 22 strains of leishmania infantum from 11 hiv-infected and 11 immunocompetent patients with visceral (vl, n = 16) or cutaneous (cl, n = 6) leishmaniasis, belonging to 3 zymodemes (mon-1, n = 14; mon-29, n = 5; mon-33, n = 3), was studied using a murine model. for each strain 16-20 balb/c mice were infected at day 0 (d0) by i.v. injection of 10(7) stationary-phase promastigotes. parasite burdens were quantified in the spleen and liver of 4-5 mice of each strain at d7, d20, d6 ... | 1997 | 9093833 |
| transmission of l. infantum by blood donors. | 1997 | 9095161 | |
| activity of ifn-gamma in experimental leishmania infantum murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) on leishmania infantum infection was investigated in vivo. balb/c mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with 10(7) promastigotes of leishmania infantum. rifn-gamma, 10(6) u given intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily on 3 consecutive days or 4 times on alternate days from day 7 (d7) post infection, had no detectable effect on the parasite burdens in liver, spleen, and lungs as compared to untreated mice. however rifn-gamma enhanced the activity ... | 1997 | 9097846 |
| leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. | over 850 leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfection cases have been recorded, the majority in europe, where 7 to 17% of hiv-positive individuals with fever have amastigotes, suggesting that leishmania-infected individuals without symptoms will express symptoms of leishmaniasis if they become immunosuppressed. however, there are indirect reasons and statistical data demonstrating that intravenous drug addiction plays a specific role in leishmania infantum transmission: an anthropon ... | 1997 | 9105756 |
| leishmania infantum is clonal in aids patients too: epidemiological implications. | to test, in aids patients, a previously proposed hypothesis of clonal population structure in leishmania infantum, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1997 | 9108937 |
| [intestinal leishmaniasis in aids patients]. | 1997 | 9115826 | |
| interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 inhibit intracellular killing of leishmania infantum and leishmania major by human macrophages by decreasing nitric oxide generation. | the host response to leishmania infection is regulated by a specific pattern of local cytokine production. we investigated the effect of interleukin (il)-10 and il-4 on the leishmanicidal activity of human macrophages (m phi). as with l. major, intracellular killing of l. infantum by human m phi was obtained following ligation of surface cd23 or cell treatment with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). this leishmanicidal activity required nitric oxide (no) generation by activated m phi, and it was part ... | 1997 | 9130636 |
| a region containing repeated elements is associated with transcriptional termination of leishmania infantum ribosomal rna genes. | a novel repetitive dna element has been isolated from the leishmania infantum genome. the 348 bp long element, designated lir3, was found to be located downstream from the 3'-end of the ribosomal rna (rrna) genes. this lir3 element has short sequences with potential to form stem-loop structures similar to those of the bacterial rho-independent transcriptional terminators. given both the structural features and the genomic location of this element we searched for a possible functional implication ... | 1997 | 9041525 |
| axenically cultured amastigote forms as an in vitro model for investigation of antileishmanial agents. | using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide microassay, previously described as a means of quantifying leishmania amazonensis in vitro at the amastigote stage (d. sereno and j. l. lemesre, parisitol. res., in press), we have compared the activities of seven drugs, including those currently used to treat leishmaniasis, against axenically grown amastigote and promastigote forms of three leishmania species (l. amazonensis, l. mexicana, and l. infantum, responsible for diffu ... | 1997 | 9145854 |
| leishmania spp.: nitric oxide-mediated metabolic inhibition of promastigote and axenically grown amastigote forms. | the antimicrobial effect of activated macrophages on parasites involves nitric oxide (no). no induces intracellular parasite killing in murine leishmaniasis. nevertheless, the mechanisms of action of no as a final effector molecule on intracellular forms of leishmania are unknown. the recent development of axenically grown amastigote forms of different leishmania species allowed direct investigation of no activity on active and dividing populations of the mammalian stage of various leishmania sp ... | 1997 | 9149241 |
| analysis of post-transcriptional regulation operating on transcription products of the tandemly linked leishmania infantum hsp70 genes. | the genomic organization and expression of the hsp70 genes of leishmania infantum were examined. in the cluster there are at least six copies of the hsp70 genes arranged in a head-to-tail tandem of 3. 8-kilobase repetition units. the hsp70 gene copy (gene 6) located at the 3' end of the tandem has a 3'-untranslated region highly divergent in sequence relative to the 3'-untranslated region of the rest of hsp70 gene copies (genes 1-5). nuclease s1 protection assays indicated that the steady-state ... | 1997 | 9020174 |
| cloning of genes and expression and antigenicity analysis of the leishmania infantum kmp-11 protein. | 1997 | 9024210 | |
| leishmaniasis. | 1997 | 9039195 | |
| a case of visceral leishmaniasis in austria. | we report a patient aged 41 years with fever of unknown origin. notable aspects of his travel history were a trip to the philippines and a sailing trip around sicily. the patient presented with fever up to 40 degrees c since 4 weeks, weakness, headache, hepatosplenomegaly and night sweat. no specific cause could be found. based on clinical findings tuberculosis was suspected and empirical tuberculostatic treatment was started. however, during the following 6 weeks the patient's condition deterio ... | 1998 | 9629627 |
| disseminated feline leishmaniosis due to leishmania infantum in southern france. | a fortuitously discovered case of feline leishmaniosis is reported. the parasites were found in the skin and the bone marrow of a domestic female cat that spontaneously died after a few weeks of evolution. serological tests for felv, fiv and pif virus detection gave negative results. by using western blot serology, a characteristic pattern of leishmaniosis was obtained and by performing an isoenzyme electrophoresis, a leishmania infantum mon-1 strain was identified. the same zymodeme is implicat ... | 1998 | 9637231 |
| [localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum mon-1 contracted in northern algeria]. | classically, the agent of the sporadic skin leishmaniasis in northern algeria is leishmania infantum mon-24. this paper reports the first documented observation of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-1 in northern algeria. the interest of using the western blot serological analysis to guide the diagnosis and the usefulness of the hamster inoculation to isolate leishmania from pauciparasitized lesion is demonstrated. | 1998 | 9642468 |
| trypanosoma cruzi tubulin eliminated in the urine of the infected host. | in previous studies we have identified and characterized an 80-kda trypanosoma cruzi urinary antigen (uag) eliminated during acute infection. polyclonal antibodies raised against this antigen revealed by western blotting and immunoprecipitation analyses showed the existence of another antigenic component of 50-55 kda in the uag preparation. the antiserum was also used for screening of a t. cruzi expression library. sequencing of inserts from selected cdna clones showed high homology with the 3' ... | 1998 | 9645865 |
| haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in hiv-negative and hiv-positive patients: interest for parasite identification. | between may 1993 and june 1996, 65 adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and 30 hiv-negative patients (8 children and 22 adults) from the mediterranean region with symptoms that included at least fever were examined for leishmania. a total of 128 bone marrow and 128 peripheral venous blood samples were taken and cultured on nnn medium. at the initial diagnosis, 14 (6 hiv-positive and 8 hiv-negative) of 15 patients with a positive blood culture also had a positive bone marrow cu ... | 1998 | 9648362 |
| diagnosis of kala-azar by nested pcr based on amplification of the leishmania mini-exon gene. | to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), we have developed a nested pcr method based on amplification of the mini-exon gene, which is unique and tandomly repeated in the leishmania genome. nested pcr was sufficiently sensitive for the detection of dna in an amount equivalent to a single leishmania parasite or less. we examined the usefulness of this pcr method using bone marrow aspirates and buffy coat cells collected from kala-azar patients who had or had not received chemotherapy in nor ... | 1998 | 9665985 |
| evolution of serum albumin/globulin ratio after antimonial therapy in canine leishmaniasis. | 1998 | 9668510 | |
| studies on control of visceral leishmaniasis: impact of dog control on canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in jacobina, bahia, brazil. | to assess the effect of removing leishmania-infected dogs on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis, a controlled intervention study was performed in northeast brazil. the attempted elimination of seropositive dogs resulted in an initial significant decrease in the annual incidence of seroconversion among dogs from 36% to 6% over the first two years. in the following two years, the incidence increased to 11% and 14%, respectively. in a control area in which dogs were surveyed but seropositive d ... | 1998 | 9684628 |
| the role of serology in the diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | to define the possible role of serology in the diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection, the dynamics of humoral immune responses was investigated in 20 coinfected patients. sequential sera obtained before, during, and after vl diagnosis were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat), a recombinant elisa (using the rk39 protein), and immunoblotting. during the active course of the disease, p ... | 1998 | 9684645 |
| leishmania infantum: lack of parasite resistance to amphotericin b in a clinically resistant visceral leishmaniasis. | amphotericin b (amb) has been used as a second-line treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. amb median effective doses (ed50s) were determined on an isolate obtained before any treatment and on a second isolate obtained 4 years later from the same amb-treated patient. ed50s were similar (0.059 and 0.067 mg/kg of body weight, respectively), demonstrating the first evidence of amb ed50 stability of leishmania infantum after a long-term d ... | 1998 | 9687425 |
| study of haemostatic disorders in experimentally induced leishmaniasis in beagle dogs. | haemostatic alterations in dogs experimentally infected with leishmania infantum were studied before and after therapy with meglumine antimonate. haemostatic function tests including platelet count, collagen-induced platelet aggregation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen determination, and serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products concentration were performed. in the course of infection and before treatment, moderate thrombocytopenia (p< ... | 1998 | 9690602 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of leishmania parasites isolated from an endemic focus in eastern sudan. | twelve leishmania isolates from visceral leishmaniasis patients in eastern sudan were characterized using isoenzyme analysis, southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) 'fingerprinting'. isoenzyme analysis revealed the presence of 3 zymodemes: mon-18, mon-30 and mon-82, corresponding to leishmania donovani sensu stricto, l. infantum and l. archibaldi (still of uncertain taxonomic status), respectively. southern blotting and pcr 'fingerprinting' revealed identical patterns for all 3 zy ... | 1998 | 9692173 |
| urban visceral leishmaniasis in venezuela. | 1998 | 9698836 | |
| cloning and structural analysis of the gene encoding the ribosomal protein s6 from the parasite leishmania infantum. | we have cloned the s6 ribosomal protein encoding gene from a leishmania infantum cdna library. this parasite protozoon, responsible for leishmaniasis in europe, is able to undergo developmental changes in vitro and results a good model to study cell differentiation processes. the lis6 protein sequence indicates its pertinence to the s6 protein family, related to the early mechanisms of cell division, differentiation and activation, and shows an intermediate position between the yeasts and higher ... | 1998 | 9703947 |
| interaction of cationic diamidines with leishmania infantum dna. | the interaction of a series of potent leishmanicidal aromatic diamidines resembling pentamidine, was studied with leishmania infantum dna and polynucleotides. the diamidines viz., cgp040215a, cgp033829a and cgp039937a, interacted with leishmania dna as well as with the polynucleotides poly(da)-poly(dt), poly(da-dt) and poly(dg-dc). the thermodynamic analysis to determine the association constants and the binding enthalpy pointed toward binding of the diamidines at at regions of the dna. the resu ... | 1998 | 9705158 |
| prevalence of and factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in southern spain. | the actual prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among human immunodeficiency type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients in the mediterranean basin remains unknown. there is also controversy about the risk factors for leishmania infantum and hiv-1 coinfection. to appraise the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with hiv-1 in southern spain and to identify factors associated with this disease, 291 hiv-1 carriers underwent a bone marrow aspiration, regardless of their symptoms. giemsa-s ... | 1998 | 9705366 |
| the histopathology of the intestine in hamsters infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of pre-existing schistosomiasis mansoni. | in general, both schistosoma mansoni and leishmania, d. infantum affect more or less the same human organs. while the liver is the main organ affected, the intestine follows in importance. in the present study, l.d. infantum on tip of pre-existing s. mansoni in syrian golden hamsters had delayed the appearance of both schistosomal and leishmanial granulomas in the intestine the positive control with either parasite alone. however, the leishmanial infection suppressed the schistosomal infection. ... | 1998 | 9707663 |
| a sero-epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniosis in izmir district, turkey. | visceral leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum have been reported in turkey. a total of 2055 blood samples collected in izmir and six surrounding villages were tested for anti-leishmania antibodies. three established immunodiagnostic techniques, indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and direct agglutination test (dat), were employed using promastigotes and rk39 as antigens for the detection of anti-leishmania antibodies. five sero-positive cases (0 ... | 1998 | 9707668 |
| the pathology of the heart and lung in syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of pre-existing schistosoma mansoni infection. | no doubt, double and triple infections are not uncommon features in some of the developing countries. in this paper, the effect of leishmanial infantum and schistosomal mansoni infection on the heart and lung of hamsters promoted many changes not seen in positive control with either parasite alone. of these important changes, were the presence of leishmanial cardiac granulomas and earlier pulmonary granulomas in the lung were more or less the same as in positive schistosomal control. no doubt, w ... | 1998 | 9707669 |
| mixed infection of human u-937 cells by two different species of leishmania. | mixed infections by different leishmania species could explain differences in the clinical course of these infections. moreover, mixed infections of the same macrophage could be the basis for parasite recombination. we stained three strains of leishmania (l. mexicana amazonensis, l. donovani dd8, and l. infantum d2, respectively) with different fluorescent dyes and analyzed them using a fluorescence-activated cell scanner. the simultaneous infection of one cell by leishmania belonging to two dif ... | 1998 | 9715931 |
| influence of the host and parasite strain in a mouse model of visceral leishmania infantum infection. | we investigated the respective roles of the host and parasite strain in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were selected for their respective 'non cure' and 'cure' haplotypes vis-a-vis leishmania major. mice were infected with 10(7) stationary-phase promastigotes of four strains of leishmania infantum with different infection profiles in mice: visceralization or regulation, as established by sulahian et al. (sulahian et al. (1998) fems immunol. med. microbiol. 17, ... | 1998 | 9718213 |
| incrimination of lutzomyia cruzi as a vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. | 1998 | 9737605 | |
| [disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis revealing human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | unlike visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis is uncommonly described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. diffuse cutaneous forms due to leishmania infantum are always accompanied by visceral parasite infection. | 1998 | 9747266 |
| anti-leishmanial ige antibodies: a marker of active disease in visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is characterized by a depression of the t helper cell type 1 immune response. although mrna expression for interleukin-4 (il-4) is observed, evidence of the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of vl has been lacking. since il-4 is involved in ige synthesis, we measured the total ige and leishmania antigen-specific ige antibody levels in sera from patients with vl. specific ige antibodies detected by an elisa technique after absorbing the sera with purified sheep ... | 1998 | 9749638 |
| investigations on the in vitro metacyclogenesis of a visceral and a cutaneous human strain of leishmania infantum. | the in vitro metacyclogenesis of a visceral (vl) and cutaneous (cl) human strain of leishmania infantum was monitored in order to find out the kinetics of this process and the in vitro infective capacity for macrophages of the metacyclic promastigotes developed. to identify, enumerate, and separate the metacyclic population, the complement-dependent lysis by normal serum and the agglutination by peanut agglutinin (pna) were used, as they were shown to be useful for the purpose of this study. max ... | 1998 | 9777720 |
| regulatory sequences and a novel gene in the msp (gp63) gene cluster of leishmania chagasi. | the surface protease gp63 of leishmania chagasi is encoded by a cluster of more than 18 tandem major surface protease (msp) genes belonging to three classes (mspl, msps, mspc). mspl and msps transcripts are differentially expressed during parasite growth. rnas from msps genes predominate during stationary phase, the time when parasite virulence and gp63 expression are maximal. we hypothesized that the unique regions downstream of msps genes contain signals important for gene expression. the 2.8 ... | 1998 | 9803417 |
| the expression of the leishmania infantum kmp-11 protein is developmentally regulated and stage specific. | transcription of the gene coding for the kmp-11 protein of leishmania infantum results in the production of a mature rna transcript of 1.3 kb in length. the expression of kmp-11 mrna is strongly down-regulated not only during the parasite growth from the logarithmic to the stationary phase but also during the differentiation transit from promastigotes to amastigotes. the estimated concentration of kmp-11 is one order of magnitude higher in promastigotes than in amastigotes. the analysis of the t ... | 1998 | 9804960 |
| skin rash for 15 years. | 1998 | 9807991 | |
| canine leishmaniosis in cyprus due to leishmania infantum mon 1. | during a serological survey in 1996, a total of 601 dogs (group i) distributed all over the government controlled southern area of cyprus was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of specific antibodies directed against soluble antigens of promastigote stages of leishmania infantum. the overall seroprevalence rate in this group was 1.7%. a second group (group ii) of dogs was selected from regions where seropositive dogs where determined within the first gro ... | 1998 | 9821465 |
| a sensitive and specific 30-min dot-elisa for the detection of anti-leishmania antibodies in the dog. | a very rapid, sensitive and specific dot-elisa was developed for diagnosing visceral leishmaniosis in dogs infected with leishmania infantum. sera from 26 healthy dogs and 127 dogs with different infectious disease including 40 dogs with leishmaniosis, and 87 dogs with other suspected or confirmed infectious diseases, was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase elisa on a nitrocellulose membrane, sensitized with soluble promastigote antigen. the test procedure lasted only 30 min. distinction betwee ... | 1998 | 9823062 |
| visceral leishmaniosis in hiv-positive patients: primary infection, reactivation and latent infection. impact of the cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts. | to discriminate cases of visceral leishmaniosis (vl) following a primary infection from cases originating in a reactivation of a latent leishmania infection and to assess the impact of cd4+ t-cell counts on the occurrence of vl in patients with hiv disease. | 1998 | 9833855 |
| the importance of tgf-beta in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | ifn-gamma is critical for the cure of leishmaniasis in humans and mice. balb/c mice are genetically susceptible to infection with the visceralizing species of leishmania, l. chagasi. we have evidence that a soluble factor(s) inhibits ifn-gamma production by cultured liver granuloma cells from balb/c mice during l. chagasi infection. in contrast, liver granulomas from c3h.hej mice, which are genetically resistant to l. chagasi infection, produce abundant ifn-gamma. according to elisas and neutral ... | 1998 | 9834100 |
| axenically grown amastigotes of leishmania infantum used as an in vitro model to investigate the pentavalent antimony mode of action. | the mechanism(s) of activity of pentavalent antimony [sb(v)] is poorly understood. in a recent study, we have shown that potassium antimonyl tartrate, a trivalent antimonial [sb(iii)], was substantially more potent than sb(v) against both promastigotes and axenically grown amastigotes of three leishmania species, supporting the idea of an in vivo metabolic conversion of sb(v) into sb(iii). we report that amastigotes of leishmania infantum cultured under axenic conditions were poorly susceptible ... | 1998 | 9835497 |
| emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in central israel. | in 1994-1995, a child and five dogs from villages located between jerusalem and tel-aviv, israel were diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). based on these findings, the distribution of vl in domestic and wild canids in central israel was examined. in the two villages where canine index cases were identified, a substantial proportion (11.5%, 14 of 122) of the dogs examined were seropositive. however, the rate of infection in five neighboring villages was only 1% (1 of 99). parasites were cu ... | 1998 | 9840588 |
| analysis of the antigenic properties of the l. infantum hsp70: design of synthetic peptides for specific serodiagnosis of human leishmaniasis. | the 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) is a major target of the humoral immune response during leishmania infections. in the present paper, it is shown that 84.6% of sera from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) patients and 78.9% of sera from visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients reacted with the l. infantum hsp70. the mapping of the antigenic determinants indicated that this protein is highly rich in linear b-epitopes. as the complete protein cannot be used for specific serodiagnosis of vl because ... | 1998 | 9840686 |
| [canine leishmaniasis from leishmania infantum: value and production of the latex test. ecoepidemiologic applications]. | the authors relate the realization, evaluation and eco-epidemiological applications of a "field-test": the agglutination of latex particles coated with a soluble antigen of leishmania infantum in the presence of homologous antibodies. evaluated on 1,035 canine sera, the sensitivity of the latex agglutination test (lat) was 93.4% compared to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). 90 node cultures were carried out on dogs with positive or negative lat and/or positive or negative ifat. the ... | 1998 | 9846221 |
| [intestinal parasitic infections and leishmaniasis in patients with hiv infection]. | intestinal parasite infections are very frequent in hiv patients with severe immunodeficiency (cd4 < 100/mm3) causing chronic diarrhea and malabsorption in the majority of cases. the most frequent microorganisms are microsporidia and cryptosporidium parvum while cyclospora cayetanensis and isospora belli are more prevalent in subtropical and tropical areas and rare in industrialized areas. the diagnosis can be obtained by stool examination (differences in size and form of cysts), although micros ... | 1998 | 9859620 |
| multicomponent chimeric antigen for serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | in this work, we describe the assembly of a synthetic gene coding for several antigenic determinants found in different leishmania infantum antigens. selected epitopes were derived from the ribosomal proteins lip2a, lip2b, and lip0 and from the histone h2a. the resulting gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli either as a fusion protein (with the vector pmal-c2) or alone (with the vector pqe). in both cases, high-level bacterial production of the recombinant protein was achieved and the produ ... | 1998 | 9431920 |
| characterization of the immunostimulatory properties of leishmania infantum hsp70 by fusion to the escherichia coli maltose-binding protein in normal and nu/nu balb/c mice. | leishmania infantum hsp70 has been described as an immunodominant antigen in both humans and dogs suffering from visceral leishmaniasis. in this study, we used l. infantum hsp70 fused to escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (mbp), as the reporter protein, to analyze the influence of hsp70 on the immunogenicity of mbp in balb/c mice. plasmids were constructed to produce the three recombinant proteins used in this study, namely, mbp, l. infantum hsp70, and mbp-hsp70, which consists of mbp fuse ... | 1998 | 9423878 |
| a cloned antigen (recombinant k39) of leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. | serologic assays using crude antigens for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-seropositive patients have been shown to lack sensitivity and specificity, particularly in aids patients. antibodies to a cloned antigen, recombinant (r) k39, of leishmania chagasi are specific for members of the leishmania donovani complex and have been shown to indicate active disease in immunocompetent persons. this study demonstrated that antibodies to rk39 were also ... | 1998 | 9593022 |
| canine leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum mon-1 in northern morocco. | a seroprevalence study of canine leishmaniasis was carried out in five provinces in northern morocco: taounate, al hoceima, zouagha moulay yacoub, chefchaouen and ouezzane. 55 localities have been concerned and a total of 1,013 dogs were screened, which represents almost 100% of the canine census. of the screened dogs: 87 showed antibody titer > or = 100 when tested by ifat (seroprevalence of 8.6%) and were distributed in 83 asymptomatics (without clinical symptoms) and four symptomatics (with o ... | 1998 | 9879555 |
| prolonged administration of dexamethasone induces limited reactivation of visceral leishmaniasis in chronically infected balb/c mice. | leishmania parasites persist in their vertebrate host after the treatment-induced clinical cure and in the asymptomatic infection. they confer resistance to reinfection but represent a risk of occurrence of acute leishmaniosis in immunosuppressed conditions. we examined the effects of prolonged dexamethasone administration on a chronic leishmania infantum infection. splenic t cell populations from the long-term-infected balb/c mice were reduced by 55%, whereas those from uninfected controls were ... | 1998 | 9889410 |
| evaluation of killing, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production by leishmania infantum-infected dog monocytes. | protozoa of the genus leishmania infect reticuloendothelial cells of several mammalian species, including dogs, in which they often give rise to a chronic, not self-healing visceral disease. the parasitocidal mechanism of peripheral blood monocytes towards leishmania in the dog has not been investigated in detail. consequently, leishmania infantum-infected monocyte cultures of healthy dogs were evaluated using the following parameters: (1) phagocytosis and killing capacities; (2) oxidative burst ... | 1998 | 10093201 |
| [first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis from leishmania infantum in corsica]. | canine leishmaniasis is endemic in corsica. sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum have been reported in humans, but no case of cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported to date. in august 1994, a 42-year-old woman living in orleans (france) presented with two nodular lesions on the face. these lesions appeared two months after a stay near the gulf of ajaccio in corsica. histopathological examination revealed intracellular amastigotes. the culture isolate was identif ... | 1998 | 10399697 |
| [serologic cross-reactions to leishmania infantum using indirect immunofluorescence in hiv+ and hiv- patients with active tuberculosis]. | clinical presentation of disseminated tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniosis can be very similar, mainly in those infected with hiv, being serology a useful tool in making a differential diagnosis. cross-reactions of ifat serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniosis with other diseases are well known, but few data is available with tuberculosis. | 1998 | 9611875 |
| the immunology of canine leishmaniosis: strong evidence for a developing disease spectrum from asymptomatic dogs. | asymptomatic mixed breed dogs (49) from a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniosis in portugal were examined for the presence of leishmania-specific cellular immunity using a proliferation assay and humoral immunity using an indirect antibody fluorescent test (ifat) and an elisa. the results were compared directly with 25 mixed breed dogs permanently residing in a non-endemic region (scotland). unlike similar studies in humans from non-endemic areas, there was no evidence of any immuno ... | 1998 | 9615951 |
| the histopathological picture of the liver of hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of schistosoma mansoni infection. | no doubt, double and triple infection in a patient is not an uncommon phenomenon in the old world. consequently, the histopathological picture of the liver of syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania. d. infantum on top of pre-infection with s. mansoni was studied. the results showed that the liver was markedly affected by the concomitant infection than infection with either parasite alone. the superadded leishmania infection caused the early appearance of cell necrosis and ... | 1998 | 9617047 |
| renal changes in golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of schistosoma mansoni infection. | in egypt, schistosomiasis mansoni is one of the most important parasitic disease of man. besides, in the last two decades, indigenous cases of infantile visceral leishmaniasis have been reported. these two parasites affect the kidney causing renal histopathological changes. thus, it was aimed to study the concomitant infection of l. d. infantum on top of s. mansoni infection in syrian golden hamsters, the model animal for both parasites. the results showed that the renal changes were more or les ... | 1998 | 9617054 |
| comparative efficacy of meglumine antimoniate and aminosidine sulphate, alone or in combination, in canine leishmaniasis. | thirty-two domestic dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum and showing viscero-cutaneous signs of canine leishmaniasis were treated with aminosidine sulphate (11 dogs) meglumine antimoniate (10 dogs) or with a combination of the two drugs (11 dogs) for 21 consecutive days. clinical and laboratory assessments, made on day 21 and at 2, 4 and 6 months after initiation of treatment, showed that the drug combination gave the best score in terms of clinical efficacy, incidences of early clin ... | 1998 | 9625912 |
| diffuse necrotic hepatic lesions due to visceral leishmaniasis in aids. | a rare case of an aids patient who developed scattered necrotic involvement of the liver caused by leishmania infantum is described. of interest, marked splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia and serum anti-leishmania antibodies were absent and an incomplete response to therapy was observed. diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was achieved by the demonstration of numerous amastigotes in both hepatocytes and macrophages on liver biopsy. hepatic necrotic lesions, which when extensive could lead ... | 1998 | 9570648 |
| clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmania in an area of madrid, spain. | from 1987 to 1995, a retrospective case study was conducted at the ramon y cajal hospital in madrid, spain, a public teaching hospital with 1,100 beds, to determine the clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, survival, and prognostic factors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the prevalence of vl in hiv+ patients compared with hiv- patients was studied. epidemiologic, clinical, and parasitologic characteristics, as well as the effects of ... | 1998 | 9574788 |
| diagnostic potential of western blot analysis of sera from dogs with leishmaniasis in endemic areas and significance of the pattern. | serum samples collected from 237 dogs in catalonia (northeastern spain) were screened by western blot analysis to detect the presence of antibodies specific to different leishmania infantum polypeptide fractions. leishmaniasis was confirmed in 72 of these dogs by direct examination and/or culture. another 165 animals from the priorat region were studied periodically for 2-8 years between 1987 and 1995, giving a total of 565 determinations. a control group of 93 dogs from nonendemic areas was als ... | 1998 | 9502597 |
| lack of a nitric-oxide response during the course of leishmania infantum infection in the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), with or without treatment with liposomal amphotericin b. | liver and spleen volumes and serum concentrations of nitrate (the end-product of no in vivo), albumin, gamma-globulin, protein, creatine and urea were measured during the course of progressive infections with leishmania infantum mon-1 (mhom/pr/93/cre29) in 10 syrian golden hamsters. each hamster was infected by intraperitoneal injection with 4 x 10(7) promastigotes. five of the infected animals were treated, with 6 mg liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb)/kg given by intracardiac injection, on day 10 ... | 1998 | 9924547 |
| serological response to leishmania infantum in a patient treated with prednisone. | 1998 | 9924553 | |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum. case reports and literature review. | leishmania infantum recently has been identified as a possible agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). this species has been isolated from cutaneous lesions of patients from the mediterranean basin. however, little is known about the clinical, biological, or therapeutic features of this newly recognized cl. | 1998 | 9487211 |
| short- and long-term efficacy of hexadecylphosphocholine against established leishmania infantum infection in balb/c mice. | in the immunocompetent host, visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a fatal disease if untreated. in immunosuppressed patients, vl is an opportunistic infection for which there is no effective treatment for relapses. here we report on the long-term activity of orally administered hexadecylphosphocholine (hdpc) against established leishmania infantum infection in balb/c mice. hdpc is a synthetic phospholipid with antiproliferative properties that has been extensively studied for its cancerostatic activit ... | 1998 | 9517947 |