Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antidepressants cause lethal disruption of membrane function in the human protozoan parasite leishmania. | the antidepressant compounds clomipramine and nitroimipramine were cidal to extracellular promastigotes of both human protozoan parasites leishmania donovani and leishmania major. clomipramine also killed amastigotes of both species within murine macrophages with no apparent toxicity to the host cells. further, amastigotes were more sensitive than promastigotes to clomipramine. clomipramine (100 micromoles per liter or 0.2 nanomole per 1 x 10(6) cells) inhibited l-proline transport in promastigo ... | 1984 | 6505677 |
| histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of interstitial pneumonitis of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | golden hamsters inoculated with leishmania donovani developed interstitial pneumonitis. three developmental phases were characterized: exudative, cellular and fibrotic. from the sequence of events, a relationship between the types of cellular proliferation and the appearance of fibrosis could be established. the participation of septal interstitial cells with lipid inclusions (icli) in the process and their possible role in the development of fibrosis was demonstrated. | 1984 | 6506158 |
| the effect of bcg-vaccine upon experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. | stimulation with bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine has been reported to enhance resistance of mice against leishmania donovani infection. such infection is usually lethal in hamsters, thus providing a more stringent animal model to assess the effect of bcg upon visceral leishmaniasis. animals receive two ip injections (2-8 x 10(7) bcg) pre or post ic challenge with 4 x 10(6) amastigotes. controls received bcg alone (with no infection) or were untreated (nt). pretreated animals exhibited sig ... | 1984 | 6508226 |
| natural infection of the opossum didelphis albiventris (marsupialia, didelphidae) with leishmania donovani, in brazil. | an opossum, didelphis albiventris, from jacobina, bahia state, was found naturally infected with leishmania donovani, being the first non-canid wild mammal to be detected with the agent of kala-azar in the new world. | 1984 | 6533423 |
| effect of passage level in the immunization of hissar strain albino mice with eh9 strain against leishmania donovani. | 1984 | 6535787 | |
| comparison of three culture media for isolating leishmania donovani from splenic aspirates in kenyan visceral leishmaniasis. | 1984 | 6545198 | |
| identification of cross-reactive promastigote cell surface antigens of some leishmanial stocks by 125i labeling and immunoprecipitation. | externally oriented surface membrane constituents of promastigotes from several leishmania species were radiolabeled with 125i. autoradiographs of cell surface-labeled and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of the stocks revealed distinctive patterns of bands in the molecular weight range of 6,000 to 240,000. immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of the labeled promastigote stocks with anti-leishmania donovani membrane serum demonstrated that each of ... | 1984 | 6363295 |
| production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis. | sixteen species-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced against membranes of leishmania donovani. these antibodies only reacted with determinants present on l. donovani. no cross-reactions were found with any other species of leishmania or with membranes of trypanosoma cruzi. an extensive analysis of the binding specificities of selected antibodies was carried out by using whole promastigote homogenates as antigen. monoclonal antibodies d-1, d-2, d-3, and d-4 correctly identified all 44 l. ... | 1984 | 6373932 |
| transfer of innate resistance and susceptibility to leishmania donovani infection in mouse radiation bone marrow chimaeras. | reciprocal radiation bone marrow chimaeras were made between h-2-compatible strains of mice innately resistant or susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis. in initial experiments, susceptibility but not resistance to leishmania donovani could be transferred with donor bone marrow into irradiated recipients. in subsequent experiments it was possible to transfer both resistance and susceptibility. this was achieved either by selecting more radiosensitive mouse strains as susceptible recipients, or al ... | 1984 | 6378765 |
| production of hybrids of mouse myeloma cells and protozoa which express parasite antigens. | mouse myeloma cells were fused with blood stage forms of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium chabaudi and with promastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of kala-azar in man. the fusion was carried out by polyethylene glycol treatment. the parasites provided the enzyme which enabled the hybrids to grow in selective medium containing aminopterin. clones of parasite-myeloma hybrids grown in continuous culture for up to 5 months expressed parasite antigen and induced anti-parasite ... | 1984 | 6378772 |
| immune complex decomplementation of canine sera for use in a complement-fixation test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | canine sera frequently become anti-complementary when heat-inactivated at 56 degrees c for 30 min, and generally cannot be used in standard complement-fixation (cf) assays. therefore, a procedure was developed for decomplementing canine sera by absorption with particulate immune complexes consisting of sheep erythrocyte stroma optimally sensitized with anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody (hemolysin). canine sera incubated for 20 min at 30 degrees c with sensitized stroma consistently showed less tha ... | 1984 | 6383094 |
| leishmaniasis in greece i. isolation and identification of the parasite causing human and canine visceral leishmaniasis. | three human and 19 canine leishmanial stocks were typed according to their excreted factor serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their mdh, gpi, g6pdh and 6pgdh and shown to be identical with regard to these characters and, thus with leishmania donovani infantum. this verifies the opinion of earlier researchers, who suggested that the parasites which cause human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in greece are the same organism and that dogs are the reservoir for the human infection. the c ... | 1984 | 6383236 |
| [experimental infection of calomys callosus (rodentia-cricetidae) with leishmania donovani chagasi (laison, 1982)]. | 1984 | 6393312 | |
| surface membrane localization of 3'- and 5'-nucleotidase activities in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | distinct 3'- and 5'-nucleotidase activities were localized to the surface membrane of leishmania donovani promastigotes using enzymatic reactions with live intact cells and fine structure enzyme-mediated cytochemical reactions with intact cells, cell homogenates, and isolated surface membranes. the results indicated that virtually all activity of both enzymes was restricted to the parasite surface membrane. cytochemical localization results demonstrated that both activities were externally dispo ... | 1984 | 6321980 |
| [immunologic findings in juvenile mediterranean kala-azar]. | the course of immunological parameters in a 2 year old patient with mediterranean kala-azar is reported. plasma-fibronectin was reduced to 33% of the normal value at the time of diagnosis. when the clinical symptoms of the disease were most severe, a marked activation of complement without demonstrable circulating immune complexes was observed. therapy with sodium-stibogluconate lead to improvement of the child's condition, normalization of complement reaction and fibronectin levels, and detecti ... | 1984 | 6328286 |
| a case of tonsillar leishmaniasis. | primary mucous leishmaniasis of the tonsil with satellite lymphatic spread but without visceral diffusion is presented. from fragments of the tonsils and from the satellite cervical lymph nodes it was possible to find, isolate and culture a strain of leishmania donovani 'bo 72'. the diagnostic problems are discussed caused by the lack of specific clinical findings and the rarity of mucous leishmaniasis in an area frequently the site of other pathological processes. | 1984 | 6693825 |
| pathologic changes in murine leishmaniasis (leishmania donovani) with special reference to the dynamics of granuloma formation in the liver. | the histopathologic changes in liver, spleen, and bone marrow of balb/c mice infected for 6 months with leishmania donovani are described. granulomas were the most important histologic lesions found; and the dynamics of their formation, collagen deposition, and resolution in the liver were studied. the number of hepatic granulomas increased until the eighth week and then decreased steadily. in contrast to the liver granulomas, those of spleen and bone marrow do not mature or show collagen deposi ... | 1984 | 6696043 |
| expression of the natural resistance gene lsh in resident liver macrophages. | innate resistance and susceptibility to leishmania donovani infection in mice is controlled by a single gene (lsh) thought to be identical to the genes ity and bcg which control the early response to salmonella typhimurium and mycobacterium bovis infections, respectively. in the present study, three new aspects of lsh gene activity were demonstrated. first, it was shown that liver macrophages continue to express lsh gene activity in vitro after their extraction from mice infected in vivo, althou ... | 1984 | 6698599 |
| expression of an unusual acidic glycoconjugate in leishmania donovani. | an acidic glycoconjugate containing mannose, galactose and phosphate in approximately equimolar amounts was extracted from leishmania donovani promastigotes and partially characterized. the glycoconjugate could be metabolically labeled with either [3h]mannose or [3h]galactose and was extractable from a delipidated residue fraction with water/ethanol/diethyl ether/pyridine/concentrated nh4oh (15:15:5:1:0.017) at 25 degrees c. the radioactively labeled glycoconjugate was found to possess the follo ... | 1984 | 6706985 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the german shepherd dog. i. infection, clinical disease, and clinical pathology. | two groups of three german shepherd dogs each were inoculated with leishmania chagasi or leishmania donovani amastigotes and the infection was followed for 82 days. the dogs developed a persistent infection, became thin, and developed splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly by 55 days after inoculation. all dogs developed a normocytic, normochromic anemia of increasing severity. thrombocytopenia and leukopenia occasionally occurred. blood tryptophan levels were decreased significantly in infected dogs ... | 1984 | 6710816 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the german shepherd dog. ii. pathology. | three german shepherd dogs were inoculated with leishmania chagasi and three with leishmania donovani and the infection was followed for 82 days. all infected dogs developed splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. in lymph nodes there was a reduction in lymphocyte population in paracortical areas, extensive proliferation of macrophages in paracortical areas and medullary cords, follicular hyperplasia, and increased numbers of plasma cells. the spleen had decreased numbers of lymphocytes in periarteri ... | 1984 | 6710817 |
| biological action of inosine analogs in leishmania and trypanosoma spp. | previous investigations have suggested that inosine analogs would be good models for the development of chemotherapeutic agents active against pathogenic hemoflagellates. we have systematically modified the five-membered heterocyclic ring of six inosine analogs and tested them for their antiprotozoal activities and toxicity to a mammalian cell line. all six analogs were very active against the three protozoan pathogens leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and trypanosoma gambiense. two of the ... | 1984 | 6712205 |
| cold agglutinin syndrome and hemophagocytosis in systemic leishmaniasis. | a 3-year-old male child with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, haemolysis, striking histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspiration and high titre of cold agglutinin is described. cold agglutinins were defined as polyclonal igm with anti-i specificity. diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was made on the basis of typical leishman-donovan bodies found in the patient's bone marrow, high titre of anti-leishmania antibodies and excellent response to treatment. visceral leishm ... | 1984 | 6719046 |
| single cell cloning of leishmania parasites in purine-defined medium: isolation of drug-resistant variants. | a simple technique for the isolation of leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica promastigote clones derived from a single cell involves the use of semi-solid agar. both species of leishmania form discrete colonies at high efficiency in completely defined medium lacking serum. visible colonies appear between eight and fourteen days. viability of colonies transferred from semi-solid agar to liquid suspension culture is 100%. using these techniques, we have isolated clonal populations of cells r ... | 1984 | 6720386 |
| affinity separation and partial characterization of serologically active leishmania donovani antigens. | leishmania donovani-soluble antigens capable of antibody production in rabbits were separated from the total antigenic make-up of the parasite by adsorption on to anti-leishmania immunoglobulins coupled to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b (alig). immune rabbit sera were produced either by intravenous inoculation of living promastigotes or by intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation of soluble antigens. approximately four times as much soluble antigen was bound to alig produced by i.v. than i.d. and s ... | 1984 | 6721613 |
| treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis with lymphokine encapsulated in liposomes. | highly susceptible mice were infected with leishmania donovani chagasi and were treated with supernatants, free or encapsulated in liposomes, from concanavalin a-stimulated or unstimulated mouse spleen cell cultures. treatment consisted of multiple i.v. injections beginning 2 days before to 2 days after infection. mice treated with lymphokine-rich supernatants encapsulated in liposomes had significantly fewer liver parasites than the control groups, demonstrating in vivo activity of lymphokine a ... | 1984 | 6725947 |
| intracellular destruction of leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica amastigotes by activated macrophages: dissociation of these microbicidal effector activities in vitro. | resident peritoneal macrophages were exposed to amastigotes of leishmania donovani and l. tropica and treated with soluble products of antigen or mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (lymphokines, lk). macrophages infected with l. donovani were responsive to lower concentrations of lk for elimination of this parasite than cells infected with l. tropica, and the disappearance of l. donovani amastigotes from activated macrophages preceded that of l. tropica by at least 24 hr. that the differential elimi ... | 1984 | 6725948 |
| antileishmanial activity of liposome-encapsulated meglumine antimonate in the dog. | experimental infections of leishmania donovani in mixed-breed dogs were induced to determine the antileishmanial efficacy of liposome-encapsulated meglumine antimoniate ( lema ). each dog was inoculated iv with 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(8) amastigotes of a khartoum strain of l donovani/kg of body weight. the antileishmanial agents ( lema or unencapsulated meglumine antimoniate ) were given once daily, iv, for 1, 4, or 10 consecutive days beginning the 12th day after inoculation. the dogs were killed 3 or ... | 1984 | 6732008 |
| antileishmanial activity of chlorpromazine. | the antiprotozoal activity of chlorpromazine against the pathogenic protozoan leishmania donovani, in both its amastigote and promastigote stages, was characterized. chlorpromazine at concentrations greater than or equal to 3.12 micrograms/ml (9.8 x 10(-6) m) produced a significant reduction in viable promastigotes. the minimal protozoacidal concentration for promastigotes, defined as that concentration which produced greater than or equal to 90% reduction in viable parasites after 18 h, was 13. ... | 1984 | 6732225 |
| monophosphates of formycin b and allopurinol riboside. interactions with leishmanial and mammalian succino-amp synthetase and gmp reductase. | formycin b 5'-monophosphate (form b-mp) and allopurinol riboside 5'-monophosphate ( hppr -mp) are isomers of imp that are metabolically produced when leishmania spp. are incubated with the antileishmanial agents formycin b and allopurinol or allopurinol riboside. the interactions of form b-mp with succino -amp synthetase and gmp reductase from both leishmanial and mammalian sources were compared with the data of earlier studies with hppr -mp. both analogs could substitute for imp as a substrate ... | 1984 | 6732835 |
| enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in leishmania donovani amastigotes. | a method for the isolation of leishmania donovani amastigotes from infected hamster spleen and liver tissues is described. over 85% of the isolated amastigotes were viable as judged by acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining and in vitro transformation to the promastigote form. a comprehensive survey of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in l. donovani amastigotes and promastigotes was conducted. amastigotes and promastigotes possess all of the enzymes of the embden-meyerhof pathway, hexos ... | 1984 | 6737317 |
| leishmania donovani infection in athymic mice derived from parental strains of the susceptible (lshs) or resistant (lshr) phenotype. | 1984 | 6593394 | |
| characterization of leishmania donovani acid phosphatases. | a crude membrane fraction from promastigotes of leishmania donovani grown in a liquid culture medium containing 20% fetal calf serum was prepared by freeze-thawing, centrifugation (200,000 x g, 30 min), and extraction with 2% (w/v) sodium cholate. after removal of the bile salt by chromatography on a sephadex g-75 column, the solubilized membrane protein fraction, rich in acid phosphatase activity, was chromatographed on columns containing concanavalin a-sepharose, qae-sephadex, and sephadex g-1 ... | 1985 | 3968070 |
| primary isolation and growth patterns of leishmania donovani in mammalian non-phagocytic cell lines. | 1985 | 3981343 | |
| lipid analyses of isolated surface membranes of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | constituent lipids of surface membranes (sm) isolated from leishmania donovani promastigotes were analyzed and compared with those obtained from whole cells and an isolated kinetoplast-mitochondrion fraction (km). on a dry weight basis, the total extractable lipids constituted approximately 47%, 12% and 24% of the sm, cells and km, respectively. the total lipids of sm, cells and km all were composed of approximately 70% phospholipids (pl), 20-25% neutral lipids and 5-10% glycolipids. sterols and ... | 1985 | 3982233 |
| enhancement of glucantime therapy of murine leishmania donovani infection by a synthetic immunopotentiating compound (cp-46,665-1). | the therapeutic efficacy of cp-46,665-1, a synthetic lipoidal amine with proven immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties, in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated in l. donovani-infected c57bl/6 mice. immunostimulation and drug treatment resulted in a 10-fold lesser infection level than in untreated mice, while animals treated with glucantime alone exhibited only a modest amelioration of the infection. we also studied the capacity of cp-elicited peritoneal macrophages of c57bl/6 mice cul ... | 1985 | 3985270 |
| chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis (leishmania donovani) in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | the relationship of the numbers of amastigotes in the liver to the duration of infection with two lines of a khartoum strain of leishmania donovani [designated the parent (p) line and the meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) resistant (mar) line] and the effect of meglumine antimoniate on these two lines of leishmania were studied in the squirrel monkey. all experimental monkeys were inoculated via the saphenous vein with 32.5 x 10(6) amastigotes (per kg body weight), obtained from heavily-infecte ... | 1985 | 3985702 |
| synergistic effect of glucantime and a liposome-encapsulated muramyl dipeptide analog in therapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | a regimen of immunostimulation with 6-0-stearoyl-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alpha-aminobutyryl-d-isoglutamine, a lipophilic analog of muramyl dipeptide, combined with antimonial drug therapy was evaluated in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis of mice and hamsters. the combined treatment was found to be more effective in the elimination of leishmania donovani amastigotes from infected tissue macrophages than was either of the two treatments applied individually. in mice, it was found that immunostimu ... | 1985 | 3988341 |
| effects of long-term in vitro cultivation on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | promastigotes of leishmania donovani that had been subcultured in modified tobie's medium for 2 to 3 years showed decreased infectivity and lack of virulence for hamsters and mice compared to newly transformed promastigotes. amastigotes derived from these long-term promastigote cultures decreased in number rapidly in hamsters, but only slightly in mice, over a 48-day period. in cultured mouse and hamster macrophages infected in vitro, amastigotes derived from long-term cultures rapidly decreased ... | 1985 | 3989752 |
| imported canine visceral leishmaniasis in denmark. | the first case of imported visceral leishmaniasis in the dog in denmark, and probably in scandinavia, is described. the dog, a 5-year-old female wire-haired bird dog, became ill about 21 months after it had returned from a year's stay in spain (malaga). the clinical signs were fever, lameness, enlargement of the popliteal lymph nodes and weight loss. a tentative clinical diagnosis of leukaemia was discarded after the microscopic recognition of leishmania organisms in a biopsy from a popliteal ly ... | 1985 | 3991351 |
| anti-leishmanial effect of allopurinol ribonucleoside and the related compounds, allopurinol, thiopurinol, thiopurinol ribonucleoside, and of formycin b, sinefungin and the lepidine wr6026. | allopurinol and allopurinol ribonucleoside tested in vitro and in vivo for activity against leishmania donovani. activity in vitro was low against the amastigote form of this parasite with ed50 values of the order of 54 and 96 microm and 86 and 213 microm respectively for the two compounds. in vivo inhibition of up to 47% was achieved with allopurinol ribonucleoside given in the drinking water. however, low blood levels were found in the mouse relative to those in man. low in vivo activity was a ... | 1985 | 3992630 |
| an h-11-linked gene has a parallel effect on leishmania major and l. donovani infections in mice. | the courses of visceral infection following intravenous injection of leishmania donovani amastigotes, or lesion growth following subcutaneous injection of l. major promastigotes, were examined in b10.129(10m) (h-2b, h-11b) mice and compared with disease profiles observed in congenic c57bl/10scsn(= b10) (h-2b, h-11a) and b10.d2/n (h-2d, h-11a) mice, and in balb/mice. possession of alternative alleles at h-11 and closely linked loci transformed the normal curing/healing phenotype of b10 mice into ... | 1985 | 3997209 |
| leishmania donovani parasitaemia in kenyan visceral leishmaniasis. | twenty kenyan patients with visceral leishmaniasis were evaluated for the presence of leishmania donovani in their peripheral blood. smears, cultures and hamster inoculations detected parasitaemia in 11, 10 and six patients, respectively, and at least one method detected parasitaemia in 15 patients (75%). the likelihood of detecting parasitaemia correlated with the density of parasites in splenic aspirate smears. it is apparent that parasitaemia with l. donovani occurs frequently in kenyan patie ... | 1985 | 4002290 |
| leishmaniasis in bolivia. i. lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in los yungas. | a relatively high leishmanial infection rate was found in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis collected from three villages of the los yungas region (department of la paz, bolivia). 2,578 female sandflies were dissected. in three houses surveyed in santa barbara promastigote infection rates of lu. longipalpis were 4.2, 2.2 and 3.2% respectively. anatomical localization of the infection in the insect, and biochemical characterization of the strains indicate that the parasite belongs to ... | 1985 | 4002292 |
| enhancement of infectivity of leishmania donovani promastigotes by serial mouse passages. | 1985 | 4009354 | |
| relationship between delayed hypersensitivity response and acquired cell-mediated immunity in c57bl/6j mice infected with leishmania donovani. | the relationship between the development of acquired cell-mediated immunity and the concomitant level of specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) in c57bl/6j mice infected with the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania donovani was studied. it was determined that the intradermal injection of leishmania antigen (heat- or phenol-killed flagellated forms of l. donovani) could elicit a dh response as early as day 10 and as late as day 120 postinfection in mice infected by the intravenous route. ... | 1985 | 4018876 |
| inosine analogs. their metabolism in mouse l cells and in leishmania donovani. | the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes and mouse l cells is differentially inhibited by several inosine analogs with modifications in the imidazole ring. the protozoal and mammalian cells also demonstrate differential metabolism of these analogs. 7-deazainosine, 7-thia-7,9-dideazainosine, and formycin b were converted to their respective atp analogs by both cell types. 8-azainosine was converted to a gtp analog by mouse l cells; l. donovani did not metabolize this nucleoside. 9-deazaino ... | 1985 | 4019491 |
| mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with progressive amyloid deposition in hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania donovani. | in the present work, 42 golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were infected by intracardiac injection of 5 x 10(6) amastigote forms of leishmania donovani. another group of 28 animals served as uninfected controls. six hamsters of the infected group and four hamsters of the control group were selected randomly and sacrificed at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after inoculation. the kidneys were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. the levels of serum and u ... | 1985 | 4025511 |
| inhibition of in vivo and in vitro infectivity of leishmania donovani by tunicamycin. | leishmania donovani 2s strain promastigotes were rendered non-infectious to mice and mouse peritoneal macrophages by treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of n-linked protein glycosylation. concentrations of tunicamycin (1-10 micrograms ml-1) that reduced promastigote infectivity to 2% or less of control levels had little or no measurable effect on the in vitro growth of the promastigotes. tunicamycin has no apparent effect on the entry of promastigotes into macrophages. these results indicat ... | 1985 | 4033693 |
| immunosuppression associated with visceral leishmaniasis of hamsters. | immunosuppression was demonstrated during the course of leishmania donovani infection of outbred and inbred hamsters. proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes to the mitogen concanavalin a (con a) and to promastigote antigens were used as indicators of immune responsiveness. although splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to parasite antigens were demonstrable 3 weeks after challenge, antigen specific lymphocyte responses diminished as the infection progressed. two types of immunosuppr ... | 1985 | 4034238 |
| enhanced metabolism of leishmania donovani amastigotes at acid ph: an adaptation for intracellular growth. | amastigotes (tissue forms) of leishmania donovani isolated from infected hamster spleens carried out several physiological activities (respiration, catabolism of energy substrates, and incorporation of precursors into macromolecules) optimally at ph 4.0 to 5.5. all metabolic activities that were examined decreased sharply above the optimal ph. promastigotes (culture forms), on the other hand, carried out the same metabolic activities optimally at or near neutral ph. this adaptation to an acid en ... | 1985 | 4035350 |
| the interaction of leishmania donovani promastigotes and human fibroblasts in vitro. | leishmania donovani promastigotes derived from infected hamster spleens, in either log phase or stationary phase growth, associated with human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro and assumed the morphological characteristics of amastigotes. this apparent conversion was noted within hours at 26 degrees c, 32 degrees c or 37 degrees c; in the continued presence of promastigotes, increasing numbers of amastigote-like forms were seen for 2 weeks at 26 degrees c or 32 degrees c. at 37 degrees c amastigote- ... | 1985 | 4037177 |
| an ultrastructural investigation of leishmania donovani infection in genetically resistant and susceptible mouse strains. | natural resistance to the growth of leishmania donovani in mice is controlled by a gene (lsh) which is expressed, in an unknown fashion, in macrophages. early net growth rate of the parasite is much higher in mice strains bearing the susceptible allele (lshs) than in resistant (lshr) mice. intracellular events occurring in the kupffer cells during this period have been studied at the ultrastructural level. it was found that the number of dividing amastigotes per thin section of infected cell was ... | 1985 | 4039968 |
| amidoximes of pentamidine: synthesis, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. | for the study of the biotransformation of pentamidine and the evaluation of its trypanocidal and leishmanicidal properties the n-hydroxylated derivatives ii and iii were prepared. in ii and iii, one or both the terminal amidine moieties of pentamidine are replaced by an amidoxime. these amidoximes ii and iii were tested against various trypanosoma species and leishmania donovani in mice and golden hamsters, respectively. the studies demonstrate that the pentamidine derivatives ii and iii were ac ... | 1985 | 4052136 |
| [the role of phlebotomus alexandri in the transmission of kala-azar]. | 1985 | 4053323 | |
| genetic control of systemic leishmania major infections: dissociation of intrahepatic amastigote replication from control by the lsh gene. | systemic disease induced by leishmania major was estimated by microscopic examination of liver impression smears and determination of numbers of intrahepatic amastigotes in intravenously or subcutaneously infected inbred, hybrid, and congenic mice. the distribution of susceptible phenotypes among these mice, particularly the susceptibility of a strain congenic for lshr, strongly suggested that lsh, a gene which controls intrahepatic replication of leishmania donovani, does not influence systemic ... | 1985 | 4055035 |
| leishmania donovani: clinical, hematologic and hepatic changes in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | clinical signs, parasite densities, and hematologic and hepatic changes were studied in 7 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) each of which was inoculated intravenously with amastigotes (5.0 x 10(7) per kg body weight) of a khartoum strain (wr 378) of leishmania donovani. one control monkey was inoculated with uninfected hamster spleen homogenate. five of the infected monkeys recovered spontaneously from visceral leishmaniasis by 8 to 15 wk postinoculation (wk pi) and 2 of the infected monkeys d ... | 1985 | 4057001 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 21. influence of temperature on the development of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 in phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. experimental study]. | the influence of temperature on the life-cycle of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 (isolated from a dog in the cévennes) in a known vector (phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921) was studied with special reference to the proportion of flies infected and the intensity and localization of parasites in the sandfly. wild female sandflies were caught at night by active searches and were put with a heavily infected dog in a mosquito net on the night of capture. on the following morning, engorged females w ... | 1985 | 4062175 |
| a study of the sensitivity of leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes to hydrogen peroxide. i. differences in sensitivity correlate with parasite-mediated removal of hydrogen peroxide. | the sensitivities of promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani to reagent or glucose oxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) were examined in a phagocyte-free system and compared with direct measurements of loss of h2o2 due to reaction with the parasite. using a combined fluorescence dye uptake/dye exclusion viability assay in conjunction with motility and transformation data it was shown that log-phase promastigotes harvested from recently transformed cultures were intermediate in ... | 1985 | 4069751 |
| a study of the sensitivity of leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes to hydrogen peroxide. ii. possible mechanisms involved in protective h2o2 scavenging. | different hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-scavenging mechanisms, and the conditions under which they operate, have been examined in promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani. for promastigotes, the ability of the parasite to remove h2o2 was completely ablated by sonication whereas for sonicated amastigotes substantial loss of h2o2 from the phagocyte-free test system still occurred. in direct contrast, the ability of amastigotes, but not promastigotes, to remove h2o2 was markedly inhibited by ... | 1985 | 4069752 |
| differential effect of sinefungin and its analogs on the multiplication of three leishmania species. | sinefungin and seven analogs were evaluated in vitro for activity against promastigote multiplication of leishmania donovani, l. tropica, and l. enrietti. of these compounds, sinefungin, the cyclic derivative, and a9145c were leishmanicidal at concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 2.6 microm. sinefungin was the most active of these three compounds against l. donovani, and a9145c was most active against l. enrietti. none of the remaining derivatives exhibited significant activity against any one of ... | 1985 | 4073875 |
| participation of natural killer cells in the recovery of mice from visceral leishmaniasis. | after infection with the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, c57bl/6j bg/bg (beige) mice, which are deficient in natural killer (nk) activity, were unable to control splenic parasite loads relative to phenotypically normal c57bl/6j bg/+ and +/+ mice, particularly beyond 21 days of infection. when beige mice were injected intravenously with 2 or 3 x 10(6) syngeneic, cloned nk cells (nkb61b10 cell line), they displayed splenic parasite burdens which did not differ significantly from those of n ... | 1985 | 4075411 |
| leishmania donovani: amastigote inhibition and mode of action of berberine. | berberine, an alkaloid from berberis aristata linnaeus, may be a useful drug for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. in both the 8-day and long-term models of leishmania donovani infection in hamsters, it markedly diminished the parasitic load and proved to be less toxic than pentamidine. it rapidly improved the hematological picture of infected animals. like pentamidine, it inhibited in vitro multiplication of amastigotes in macrophage culture and their transformation to promastigotes in c ... | 1985 | 4076392 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the netherlands. | 1985 | 4080049 | |
| induction and detection of leishmanial infections in rattus norvegicus. | weanling sprague-dawley rats were injected intradermally with leishmania major or with l. donovani promastigotes. parasites could be cultivated from the skin at times from 2 to 28 days after infection. at necropsy, no parasites were observed in spleen or liver impression smears, nor could they be cultivated from heart blood or spleen, even when skin cultures were positive. rats were not highly susceptible to infection with l. donovani, since parasites could be cultured from skin only at 2 days a ... | 1985 | 4082256 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern algeria]. | a resurgence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is presently noted in northern algeria. this form of oriental sore is caused by a parasite belonging to the leishmania donovani complex. its epidemiological and clinical characteristics allow distinction with the l. major zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis known to occur in the steppe regions of algeria. preliminary results of a clinical trial involving the use of ketoconazole, indicate that this drug is rapidly effective. | 1985 | 4085100 |
| [isoenzyme characteristics of strains of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the territory of the ussr]. | 1985 | 4088147 | |
| a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect haemagglutination tests for the immunoepidemiological investigation of kala-azar. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) using cell-free extracts of leishmania donovani promastigotes and trypanosoma brucei as antigens and indirect haemagglutination (iha) using commercially prepared reagents were compared for their diagnostic efficacy and applicability to immunoepidemiological studies in an area of bangladesh where kala-azar is present. the cie was positive for all parasitologically confirmed cases whereas the iha positivity was only 60%. the t. brucei antigen was equally as good, ... | 1985 | 4095600 |
| the causative organism of infantile kala-azar in egypt. | 1985 | 4095759 | |
| evaluation of complement fixation procedures for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | three complement fixation (cf) procedures were evaluated for their ability to detect serum antibodies to visceral leishmaniasis. these tests differ in their use of buffers, volumes of complement and sensitized erythrocyte concentrations, incubation times and percentage haemolysis endpoints. freeze-thawed sonicates of leishmania donovani promastignotes were used as antigen. test sensitivity was determined using sera from 46 kenyans with parasitologically proven leishmaniasis. the frequencies of p ... | 1985 | 4096564 |
| enzyme regulation in a trypanosomatid: effect of purine starvation on levels of 3'-nucleotidase activity. | crithidia fasciculata, a nonpathogenic relative of the leishmanial and trypanosomal pathogens of humans and animals, showed a 3'-ribonucleotidase activity similar to that in leishmania donovani. the level of 3'-nucleotidase activity in crithidia was regulated by the availability of purines in the culture medium. specifically, organisms obtained from culture medium depleted of purines contained elevated levels of enzyme activity compared to those grown in complete medium. the 3'-nucleotidase, loc ... | 1985 | 2981117 |
| human mononuclear phagocyte antiprotozoal mechanisms: oxygen-dependent vs oxygen-independent activity against intracellular toxoplasma gondii. | to determine if the oxygen-dependent and -independent antiprotozoal mechanisms with which the human mononuclear phagocyte is equipped to act against leishmania donovani operate against other intracellular parasites, oxidatively intact and deficient cells were challenged with toxoplasma gondii. fresh monocytes and lymphokine- or gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma)-activated macrophages from normal individuals killed 35% and 50% of t. gondii within 6 hr, respectively, and each of these cell populations i ... | 1985 | 2981929 |
| [leishmaniasis in dogs. clinical course of infection, diagnosis and therapy trials following experimental infection of beagles with leishmania donovani (calcutta strain)]. | 1985 | 2983657 | |
| protonmotive force-driven active transport of d-glucose and l-proline in the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. | midlogarithmic phase leishmania donovani promastigotes accumulate 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dglc) and l-proline, maintaining concentration gradient factors across the surface membrane of 78.7 and 60, respectively. cyanide (1 mm) and iodoacetate (0.5 mm) inhibited the transport of both substrates. l-proline uptake was also inhibited by 2-dglc (10 mm). transport of neither substrate was affected by na+, phlorizin, or ouabain, indicating the sodium-independent transport of both systems. however, n',n'-d ... | 1985 | 2984665 |
| the respiratory burst is not required for killing of intracellular and extracellular parasites by a lymphokine-activated macrophage cell line. | the macrophage cell line, ic-21, was found to be incapable of producing the oxygen products associated with the respiratory burst. however, ic-21 cells were activated by lymphokine (lk) to kill intracellular (leishmania donovani amastigotes) and extracellular (schistosoma mansoni larvae) parasites, as well as tumor cells. in each case, the cytotoxicity exhibited by activated ic-21 cells and activated peritoneal macrophages was indistinguishable. however, nonactivated ic-21 cells were unable to k ... | 1985 | 2988973 |
| resistance of leishmanial phosphatases to inactivation by oxygen metabolites. | leishmania donovani promastigotes produce large quantities of two distinct acid phosphatases; a tartrate-resistant enzyme is localized to the external surface of the plasma membrane, and a tartrate-sensitive enzyme is secreted into the growth medium. it was shown previously that preincubation of human neutrophils and macrophages with the tartrate-resistant phosphatase markedly reduced the ability of these host cells to produce superoxide anions in response to stimulation with the activator formy ... | 1985 | 2995435 |
| electron microscopy of leishmania donovani in splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during treatment with sodium stibogluconate. | studies were made of the ultrastructure of amastigotes of leishmania donovani before and during treatment of patients with sodium stibogluconate. the most consistent effects of treatment on the amastigotes were a reduction in average size, greater irregularity of the cell outline, and a moderate increase in the electron density of the cytoplasm associated with a greater concentration of ribosomes. it is suggested that the drug affects active transport functions or permeability of the plasma memb ... | 1985 | 3000304 |
| leishmania donovani: surface membrane acid phosphatase blocks neutrophil oxidative metabolite production. | we show that a purified preparation of the prominent tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (e.c.3.1.3.2), isolated from the external surface of the intracellular parasite leishmania donovani (promastigote form), inhibits toxic oxidative metabolite production of neutrophils. preincubation of a neutrophil suspension (2.5 x 10(6) cells/ml) for 15 min at 37 c with 250 units (1 unit equals 1 nmole of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate cleaved per hr at ph 5.5) of the acid phosphatase in krebs-ringer phosph ... | 1985 | 3000810 |
| [big spleen, big problems]. | the history of a moroccan girl is described with splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia after a holiday in her native country. bone marrow smears were considered negative for leishmaniasis in four different laboratories. all other diagnostic options could also not be confirmed. reexamination of the bone marrow smears in a laboratory for tropical diseases revealed leishmania donovani organisms. treatment with sodium antimony gluconate was successful. epidemiology, symptoms and diagnostic ... | 1985 | 3006280 |
| prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. v. mechanism of the anti-protective blocking effect induced by subcutaneous immunization against leishmania major infection. | the responsiveness of balb/c mice to protective i.v. immunization with 150,000-rad irradiated or heat-killed leishmania major promastigotes can be totally suppressed by prior subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the same "vaccine." induction of this effect is leishmania specific for although prevention of protection against l. major infection can be obtained with either homologous or leishmania donovani promastigotes, it does not follow s.c. administration of an immunogenic trypanosoma cruzi epimast ... | 1985 | 3160786 |
| bulk production and comparison of promastigote and amastigote antigens of leishmania donovani for serodiagnosis and value of serum protein and immunoglobulin changes in diagnosis of kala-azar cases. | 1985 | 3831071 | |
| immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar egg homogenate (eh9) cultured l. donovani--a probable prophylactic. | 1985 | 3831072 | |
| monoclonal antibodies to leishmania parasite (a preliminary report). | 1985 | 3831073 | |
| cell cycle of leishmania donovani. | 1985 | 3833679 | |
| brazilian leishmania stocks phenotypically similar to leishmania major. | screening by enzyme electrophoresis of isolates of new world leishmania from different geographic areas revealed a number of stocks with enzyme profiles different from those produced by reference strains of described subspecies of l. mexicana, l. braziliensis, and l. donovani. analysis by six enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; malate dehydrogenase; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; phosphoglucomutase; and glucose-phosphate isomerase) showed that these stocks have ide ... | 1985 | 3834794 |
| adoptive transfer of vaccine-induced resistance to leishmania donovani. | balb/c mice were immunized with three subcutaneous injections combining killed parasites and glucan, or were untreated. spleen cells were transferred to syngeneic recipients. mice which received 5 x 10(8) spleen cells from vaccinated donors demonstrated significant protection against leishmania donovani challenge as compared to untreated mice receiving immune sera, or mice which received untreated spleen cells. | 1985 | 3834795 |
| the activity of plumbagin and other electron carriers against leishmania donovani and leishmania mexicana amazonensis. | 1985 | 3834847 | |
| observations on the role of vespertilionid bats in relation to non-human vertebrate reservoir in indian kala-azar. | 1985 | 3835116 | |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to leishmania donovani. | 1985 | 3836561 | |
| the retained capacity of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) to transmit leishmania chagasi (cunha & chagas) after eight years (64 generations) in a closed laboratory colony. | a closed lutzomyia longipalpis colony, from ceará has been used to transmit leishmania chagasi isolated from a fox in pará state. the last time this colony was successfully used in similar transmission experiments was eight years (64 generations) ago indicating that this colony of lu. longipalpis has fully maintained its vectorial capacity in spite of such a long period of maintainance in the laboratory. | 1985 | 3837170 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in rio de janeiro, brazil. clinical, parasitological, therapeutical and epidemiological findings (1977-1983). | forty dogs from the periphery of the city of rio de janeiro were studied. all dogs where diagnosed as positive for leishmaniasis either parasitologically and/or serologically. among them, 19 came from areas where only visceral leishmaniasis (vl) occurs (realengo, bangu, senador camará). clinical signs of the disease were seen in 36.8% of the cases, including emaciation - 100%, lymphadenopathy and depilation - 85.7%. the other 21 dogs came from an area (campo grande) where both diseases (vl, and ... | 1985 | 3837171 |
| [observation on susceptibilities and immune responses of four strains of mice to the infection of a leishmania donovani chinese strain]. | 1985 | 3837361 | |
| [studies on monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani xinjiang strain]. | 1985 | 3837707 | |
| [the genus leishmania in italy]. | seventy-four leishmania isolates collected in italy from six different regions where leishmaniases are endemic, have been typed. parasites have been isolated from: man (vl and cl), dog, black rat (rattus rattus), fox (vulpes vulpes) and geckoes (tarentola mauritanica and cyrtodactylus kotschyi). the isolates have been characterized by starch-gel electrophoresis for 9-16 enzymes whose mobility was compared with that of international reference strains for l. infantum, l. tropica, l. major, l. dono ... | 1985 | 3870639 |
| hypergammaglobulinaemia in leishmania donovani infected hamsters: possible association with a polyclonal activator of b cells and with suppression of t cell function. | studies were carried out on the mechanisms by which b lymphocytes are polyclonally activated to secrete antibodies during visceral leishmaniasis. crude extracts of leishmania donovani, the aetiological agent of this disease, of leishmania mexicana amazonensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and of herpetomonas muscarum, a related non-pathogenic organism, all contain components which cause strong in vitro polyclonal activation of hamster spleen cells leading to the production o ... | 1985 | 3872189 |
| macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors bind leishmania in the absence of serum. | we have examined the relative roles of the macrophage (m phi) plasma membrane receptor for the cleaved third complement component (ic3b, cr3) and of the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (mfr) in binding and ingestion of leishmania donovani. in the absence of exogenous complement, the binding and ingestion of promastigotes, which are good activators of the alternative complement pathway, were inhibited by the anti-cr3 monoclonal antibody m1/70, by the fab portion of an anti-c3 antibody, or by the nucleo ... | 1985 | 3891904 |
| subspecies-specific surface antigens of promastigotes of the leishmania donovani complex. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins and externally exposed labeled surface constituents were analyzed in promastigotes of three etiological agents of kala azar (leishmania donovani, hs70 strain from india; l. chagasi, imperatriz strain from brazil; l. infantum, itmpa k263 strain from morocco and mo strain from france). coomassie blue-stained gels showed similar protein patterns for l. donovani and l. chagasi and a more distinct one for l. infantum. surf ... | 1985 | 3899930 |
| detection of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the coccidian toxoplasma gondii and the hemoflagellate leishmania donovani by monoclonal antibodies specific for beta-tubulin. | seven monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian beta-tubulin demonstrate the microtubule cytoskeleton of toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. immunoblots of t. gondii and l. donovani proteins separated by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for tubulin. differential staining of flagellar and subpellicular microtubule populations was not seen in l. donovani with these antibodies. all seven a ... | 1985 | 3906104 |
| the potential role of leishmania antigens and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesions of hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. | 1985 | 3909974 | |
| role of macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors in binding leishmania parasites to host macrophages. | this paper reviews briefly work carried out in our laboratory on the relative roles of the macrophage plasma membrane receptor (cr3) for the cleaved third complement component (ic3b) and the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (mfr) in binding, ingestion and respiratory burst (rb) response elicited by promastigotes versus amastigotes of leishmania donovani. in the absence of serum soluble inhibitors (mannan, ribonuclease b) of the mfr cause a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of promastigotes bindin ... | 1985 | 3910569 |