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acyl-coa oxidase from candida tropicalis.acyl coenzyme a oxidase (acyl-coa oxidase) has been isolated in good yield from candida tropicalis pk 233 grown on n-alkanes. gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and measurement of flavin content suggest that the oxidase is an octamer of mr 75 000 subunits each containing one flavin. the oxidase yields the red semiquinone form on dithionite or photochemical reduction, slowly forms an n-5 adduct with 0.16 m sulfite at ph 7.4, and is rapidly reduced by borohy ...19836615798
minimal inhibitory concentrations of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, for candida and aspergillus spp.the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, were determined for 101 clinical isolates of candida, 38 clinical or environmental strains of aspergillus fumigatus, and 30 isolates of a. niger. the most susceptible species were candida albicans and candida tropicalis (mean mic, 0.4 micrograms/ml). aspergillus spp. were less susceptible, with mean mics of 0.60 micrograms/ml for aspergillus niger and 9.2 micrograms/ml for aspergillus fumigatus.19836625552
chemical and catalytic properties of the peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme a oxidase from candida tropicalis.the peroxisomal acyl-coa oxidase has been purified from extracts of the yeast candida tropicalis grown with alkanes as the principal energy source. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 552,000 and a subunit molecular weight of 72,100. using an experimentally determined molar extinction coefficient for the enzyme-bound flavin, a minimum molecular weight of 146,700 was determined. based on these data, the oxidase contains eight perhaps identical subunits and four equivalents of fad. no other beta- ...19836639056
formation of germ tubes by candida tropicalis. 19836654409
induction and subcellular localization of enzymes participating in propionate metabolism in candida tropicalis.candida tropicalis, a representative alkane- and higher fatty acid-utilizing yeast, can grow on propionate used as sole carbon and energy source. initial ph of the medium markedly affected the growth of the yeast on propionate. in propionate-grown cells, several enzymes associated with peroxisomes and/or participating in propionate metabolism were induced in connection with the appearance of the characteristic peroxisomes. acetate-grown cells of this yeast had only few peroxisomes, while alkane- ...19836660994
[monochlorophenols as enzyme substrates for the preparatory metabolism of phenol in candida tropicalis yeasts].the object of this work was to find out whether candida tropicalis can be used for monochlorophenol degradation. phenol monooxygenase and pyrocatechase, enzymes involved in preparatory phenol metabolism were shown to catalyse transformation of 3- and 4-chlorophenols. phenol monooxygenase catalyses hydroxylation of 3- and 4-chlorophenols to 4-chloropyrocatechol which yields beta-chloromuconic acid under the action of pyrocatechase. synthesis of phenol monooxygenase is induced by 3- and 4-chloroph ...19836669081
lipid studies on candida tropicalis grown on alkane.the lipid composition of whole cells and microsomal fraction of candida tropicalis grown on alkane, glucose and glycerol have been examined. small quantitative variations in the total lipid content are detected; the differences observed in both triacylglycerols and phospholipids are related to the substrates used to the growth.19836673808
systemic candida tropicalis infections following cryo-prostatectomy and laparotomy. report of an autopsied case. 19836676699
[effects of cadmium, zinc, lead and mercury on the growth and accumulating ability of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomycopsis lipolytica, candida tropicalis, and candida utilis].the effects of cadmium, zinc, lead, and mercury on the growth and the accumulating ability of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomycopsis lipolytica, candida tropicalis, and candida utilis had been studied. generally the experiments resulted in the following findings: very small concentrations of cadmium and mercury already decrease the growth intensity of the yeasts by lengthening the lag period and the doubling time. the cell yield is not reduced. zinc increases the productivity of saccharomyce ...19836367300
[role of lipids in the action of heterologous dna on the cells of a mutant candida tropicalis d-2 strain with histidine and respiration deficiencies]. 19836347590
the oral yeast flora of 10-year-old schoolchildren.the yeast flora of the hard palate mucosa and pooled saliva of 122 schoolchildren (average age 9 years 10 months, 63 males, 59 females) has been studied in detail. of the population sampled, 71.3% carried oral yeasts. the carriage was approximately 3 times greater in females than in males. the yeast isolates were candida albicans 71% saccharomyces spp. 19.7% and candida tropicalis 8.6%. no isolates of torulopsis spp. or rhodotorula spp. were recovered. 71.5% of the candida albicans isolates were ...19836348976
adherence and penetration of vascular endothelium by candida yeasts.metastatic infection after hematogenous dissemination of candida species is presumably dependent on the fungus traversing the vascular endothelium. an in vitro model of the earliest events of metastatic candida infection was developed with whole vascular strips. freshly obtained porcine blood vessels were secured in a perforated lucite template that allowed the application of yeasts directly to the endothelial surface. multiple wells allowed experimental and control observations on the same vasc ...19836352500
antigenic relationships between plasma membrane atpases of two different yeasts, candida tropicalis and schizosaccharomyces pombe.antibodies raised against purified plasma membrane atpase from the yeast s. pombe inhibit the plasma membrane-bound atpase of another yeast, c. tropicalis. the kinetic constants, vm and km, of the atpases are both modified by the antibodies. these results show antigenic relationships between the plasma membrane atpases belonging to the two yeast genera.19836194797
ketoconazole therapy for fungal urinary tract infections.ketoconazole was used in 11 patients to treat 12 episodes of fungal urinary infections: 6 in the upper urinary tract and 6 presumed to be in the lower urinary tract. five patients had catheters in place. of the 12 infections 8 were caused by candida species, 1 by mixed candida tropicalis and torulopsis glabrata, and 3 by torulopsis glabrata. ketoconazole was administered orally at doses of 200 to 800 mg. per day for courses ranging from 5 days to more than 2 years. five episodes of candida urina ...19836298476
control of systemic spread of candida albicans with ketoconazole in the stomachs of mice treated with cytarabine.attempts were made to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of outbred cd-1 mice with candida albicans or candida tropicalis before assessing the effects of cytarabine and ketoconazole on colonization. stable populations of c. albicans but not c. tropicalis could be maintained in the stomachs of mice infected as adults if they were maintained on penicillin and tetracycline, or in untreated mice if the fungus was administered while they were infants. treatment with cytarabine of mice colonized with ...19836302178
[a study on urinary fungal infection].we analyzed 20 cases of urinary fungal infection experienced at our department, during the last 2 years. candida albicans was the most prevalent of the fungi affecting the urinary tract. torulopsis glabrata and candida tropicalis were also prevalent. antibiotics, indwelling catheter and obstructive uropathy were the most prevalent predisposing factors of the fungal infection. of 20 cases of fungal infection, 5 cases were cured only by elimination of the predisposing factors, and 15 cases were tr ...19836100418
antifungal properties of 2-n-alkyn-1-ols.fourteen 2-n-alkynols (c3-c14, c16, and c18) were tested against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, and myrothecium verrucaria in sabouraud dextrose agar at ph 5.6 and 7.0. toxicity to candida albicans, candida tropicalis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at ph 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. fungitoxicity was strongly influenced by chain length, slightly by the ph of the medium, and significantly b ...19846098642
in vitro susceptibilities of sucrose-negative candida tropicalis, candida lusitaniae, and candida norvegensis to amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and ketoconazole.the mics and minimal lethal concentrations of four antimycotics, amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole nitrate, and ketoconazole, were determined for 25 yeast isolates representing species uncommonly implicated in candidiasis. a microdilution procedure was employed with complex and synthetic media. the isolates, in general, were susceptible to the same antimicrobial agents shown to be effective against candida albicans, but differences between some of the species in relative susceptibilit ...19846325491
identification of a plasma membrane protein involved in pi transport in the yeast candida tropicalis.a plasma membrane protein was found to contain antigenic determinants in common with a pi-binding protein released by osmotic shock from candida tropicalis. this plasma membrane protein (m.p. 30) has a molecular mass of 30 kda as measured by sds-page and anti-m.p. 30 antibodies inhibit pi uptake in protoplasts while only the corresponding fab fragments inhibit pi transport in whole cells. this plasma membrane protein may be the pi plasma membrane carrier.19846198209
variability in expression of a cell surface determinant on candida albicans as evidenced by an agglutinating monoclonal antibody.the expression of a surface immunodeterminant of candida albicans was investigated with an agglutinating immunoglobulin m monoclonal antibody. the 96 strains of c. albicans tested, of which 76% were recent clinical isolates, were capable of expressing the antigen. the antigen was also produced by strains of candida tropicalis and torulopsis glabrata, but not by other yeast species. expression of the surface immunodeterminant in c. albicans varied as a function of growth as indicated by agglutini ...19846199308
[action of the products of the vital activity of yeastlike fungi on the biosynthesis of levorin, levoristatin and fatty acids by a streptomyces levoris culture].the data on the effect of the products of vital activity of candida tropicalis, a yeast-like fungus, on the biosynthesis of levorin, levoristatin and fatty acids by streptomyces levoris are presented. it was shown that the effect of the biostimulators was not specific with respect to production of levorin, since in the presence of the products of vital activity of c. tropicalis an increase in the synthesis of levoristatin and fatty acids was also observed. the qualitative and quantitative compos ...19846207769
derepression of the high-affinity phosphate uptake in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.phosphate starvation derepresses a high-affinity phosphate uptake system in saccharomyces cerevisiae strain a294, while in the same time the low-affinity phosphate uptake system disappears. the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prevents the derepression, but has no effect as soon as the high-affinity system is fully derepressed. two other protein synthesis inhibitors, lomofungin and 8-hydroxyquinoline, were found to interfere also with the low-affinity system and with rb+ uptake. after i ...19846365165
clinical evaluation of the lysis-centrifugation blood culture system for the detection of fungemia and comparison with a conventional biphasic broth blood culture system.in a comparative fungal blood culture study, a lysis-centrifugation system (isolator; du pont co., wilmington, del.) detected 89% of all episodes of fungemia; the lysis-centrifugation system detected fungemia exclusively or significantly earlier than did a biphasic brain heart infusion bottle system 83% of the time. the lysis-centrifugation system was particularly useful in the early detection of fungemia caused by candida tropicalis and candida glabrata. in 53% of the clinically significant epi ...19846365953
[nuclear dnaase of the yeast candida tropicalis].using stepwise extraction of chromatin from candida tropicalis by nacl (0.1-1.0 m) the protein dissociated by 0.3 and 0.6 m nacl (fractions 0.3 and 0.6) possessing the dnaase activity were obtained. these dnaases are activated by mg2+ and cause preferential hydrolysis of heat-denaturated dna. fraction 0.3 dnaase has a maximum at neutral values of ph (around 7.0) and causes endonucleolytic hydrolysis of dna. fraction 0.6 dnaase causes exonucleolytic hydrolysis of dna but a maximum at alkaline ph ...19846370318
phosphate uptake in the yeast candida tropicalis: purification of phosphate-binding protein and investigations about its role in phosphate uptake.the purification of a phosphate-binding protein (pibp2) by immunoadsorption is described. the entire anti phosphate-binding protein 2 antibodies as well as the fab fragments obtained from these antibodies inhibit pi uptake by whole cells. the inhibition is a mixed type of inhibition (vm and km are affected). these results should be regarded as a possible involvement of phosphate-binding protein 2 in pi uptake. the binding of 125i-labelled fragments prepared from anti phosphate-binding protein 2 ...19846372722
two unusual strains of candida arthritis.candida arthritis is an uncommon cause of infectious arthritis that may occur in seriously ill or immunosuppressed patients. this report describes two patients, one who developed candida tropicalis arthritis and another patient who developed c. parapsilosis arthritis. one patient developed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to amphotericin b therapy and was successfully treated with intravenous miconazole. the other was unsuccessfully treated with both intraarticular and intravenous amphot ...19846465189
structure of the cell surface of the yeast candida tropicalis and its relation to hydrocarbon transport.the surface structure of the hydrocarbon-utilizing yeast candida tropicalis was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem and tem respectively). the sample preparation technique was based on a rapid cryofixation without any addition of cryoprotectants. in subsequently freeze-dried samples the surface structure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. thin sections were prepared from freeze substituted samples. both techniques revealed hair-like structures at the sur ...19846477032
[composition of neutral lipids, phospholipids and their fatty acids in mutant candida tropicalis d-2 resistant to nystatin]. 19846480987
[growth kinetics of a candida tropicalis population cultured on a solid nutrient medium]. 19846485889
disseminated candidiasis caused by a sucrose-negative variant of candida tropicalis.a patient suffering from leukemic transformation of a non-hodgkin's lymphoma developed fatal disseminated candidiasis caused by a sucrose-negative variant of candida tropicalis. the results of histopathological tests showed massive tissue invasion in many organs. the course of infection and the tissue morphology of the etiological agent were indistinguishable from those of c. albicans and typical c. tropicalis strains.19846490814
antimycotic action of some amino-n-(5-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamides.2-, 3- and 4-amino-n-(6-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2-mercapto (or alkylthio)-5-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized and biologically tested on different strains of candida albicans and candida tropicalis. some of the 4-aminoderivatives were also tested for antibacterial properties on numerous bacterial strains. antimycotic activity of 4-amino compounds, expressed as mic, is around 50 micrograms/ml and higher than that of both 2-amino- and 3-aminoderivatives. in all these compounds alkyl ...19846500044
high-level expression and molecular cloning of genes encoding candida tropicalis peroxisomal proteins.the development of peroxisomes in the cells of candida tropicalis grown on oleic acid was accompanied by a markedly high expression of peroxisomal proteins. on the basis of this finding, the nuclear dna library of this yeast was screened by differential hybridization, and 102 clones of oleic acid-inducible sequences were isolated. seven coding regions were found to form clusters in three stretches of the genomic dna. five of the regions were identified as genes for peroxisomal polypeptides (pxps ...19846504042
mycoflora of the human dermal surfaces.the mycotic flora of the scalp and interdigital areas of the hand and foot of 1296 apparently healthy human inhabitants of three amazonian communities were surveyed by means of microscopic examination of epidermal scrapings and cultural isolation on mycosel agar. no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of fungal infection was detected in any of our study subjects. from 133 (10%) individuals, 143 fungi representing 13 genera and 39 species were recovered. yeasts constituted 85% of the fungi. seven ...19846509388
candida tropicalis endocarditis in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. 19846540654
metabolic conditions determining the composition and catalytic activity of cytochrome p-450 monooxygenases in candida tropicalis.in the microsomal fraction of candida tropicalis cells, two distinct monooxygenases were detected, depending on the growth conditions. the distinction of the two monooxygenases was evident from: (i) the absorption maxima in the reduced co difference spectra of the terminal oxidases (cytochromes p-450 and p-448); (ii) the contents of the monooxygenase components (cytochromes p-450/p-448, nadph-cytochrome c (p-450) reductase, and cytochrome b5) and (iii) the catalytic activity of the complete syst ...19846690424
characterization of peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferases purified from alkane-grown candida tropicalis.properties of peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferases purified from an alkane-grown yeast, candida tropicalis, were compared each other. the molecular weight of both enzymes was estimated to be about 420 000 by analytical ultracentrifugation and gel filtration chromatography with sepharose 6b. however, each enzyme gave two subunits on the polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate: the peroxisomal enzyme (64 000 and 57 000) and the mitoch ...19846692827
synthesis in vitro of precursor-type carnitine acetyltransferase with messenger rna from candida tropicalis.carnitine acetyltransferase was synthesized in vitro in the mrna-dependent reticulocyte system with mrna from alkane-grown or propionate-grown cells of candida tropicalis. the protein synthesized in vitro was isolated by immunoprecipitation with antibody against peroxisomal or mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferase and was compared with peroxisomal carnitine acetyltransferase (mr of subunits, 64 000 and 57 000) and the mitochondrial enzyme (mr of subunits, 64 000 and 52 000) of c. tropicalis ...19846692828
microbial transformation of primaquine by candida tropicalis.the microbial metabolism of primaquine, a 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agent, was investigated. the yeast candida tropicalis was found to convert primaquine to the previously reported n-acetylated derivative. on continued incubation of c. tropicalis in the presence of the n-acetylated derivative, a minor dimeric metabolite was formed. the proposed structure of the metabolite was based primarily on the analysis of its spectroscopic properties (1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spec ...19846712221
systemic candidosis in a fitch.a 4-month-old fitch (mustela putorius furo) was presented vomiting and with a haemorrhagic enteritis that failed to respond to antibiotic, vitamin and fluid therapy. at necropsy, apart from lesions referable to an enteritis, no other specific abnormality was observed. histopathologically, lesions were seen in myocardium and renal medulla associated with mycelia, pseudomycelia and blastospores. marked lymphoid depletion was noted in lymph nodes and spleen. candida tropicalis was isolated from liv ...198416031078
stereoisomeric configuration of arabinitol in serum, urine, and tissues in invasive candidiasis.because routine analytical methods cannot differentiate d- from l-arabinitol, a combined microbiological and gas chromatographic method was developed to study the stereoisomeric configuration of the arabinitol in humans and rats with invasive candidiasis. d-arabinitol was defined as the difference between arabinitol concentrations measured with and without incubation with 5.0 x 10(5) blastospores of candida tropicalis strain ct 12 at 37 c for 24 hr. the yeast consumed at least 95% of the d-arabi ...19853973418
dermatologic manifestations of infections in immunocompromised patients.thirty-one immunocompromised patients (22 renal allograft recipients, 5 patients receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy, and 4 patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia) with significant dermatologic infection, excluding typical cellulitis and herpesvirus infections, were retrospectively identified over a 12-year period. of these 31 patients, 15 (48%) had infection restricted to their skin, 6 (19%) appeared to have primary cutaneous infection that spread hematogenously to other parts ...19853974441
peroxisomal beta-oxidation system of candida tropicalis. purification of a multifunctional protein possessing enoyl-coa hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-coa epimerase activities.a multifunctional protein from oleate-grown cells of candida tropicalis has been purified and partially characterized. a simple two-step purification has been developed involving ion-exchange chromatography followed by dye-ligand chromatography on blue sepharose cl-6b. homogeneous enzyme with a subunit mr of 102 000 is obtained in 60% yield. the native relative molecular mass, determined by three different methods, yielded values which suggest that the enzyme is dimeric. sodium dodecyl sulfate/p ...19853987689
enhancement of carnitine acetyltransferase synthesis in alkane-grown cells and propionate-grown cells of candida tropicalis.the level of carnitine acetyltransferase was markedly increased in harmony with appearance of peroxisomes in alkane-grown cells and propionate-grown cells of candida tropicalis. from immunochemical studies with antibodies against peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferases, it was confirmed that no other type of the enzyme than the peroxisomal and mitochondrial ones was present in alkane-, propionate- and glucose-grown cells of the yeast. the increase in the enzyme level in alkane ...19853994482
production of ethanol from infant food formulas by common yeasts.four common yeasts (candida albicans, candida tropicalis, torulopsis glabrata and saccharomyces cerevisiae) were combined with five infant food formulas and/or supplements (isomil, nutramigen, 5% glucose, coca cola and similac) and incubated at 37 degrees c. gas chromatography was used to measure ethanol production after 24 and 48 h incubation. the quantities of ethanol produced suggest a possible explanation for patients exhibiting the 'auto-brewery syndrome' and raises interest in the role aut ...19853997687
degradation of phenolic compounds by the yeast candida tropicalis hp 15. i. physiology of growth and substrate utilization.the yeast candida tropicalis hp 15 was able to utilize phenol up to concentrations of 2.5 g/l as a sole carbon and energy source. phenol was metabolized via the beta-ketoadipate pathway by an inducible enzyme system. besides phenol, resorcinol, quinol, hydroxyquinol, catechol, and to a lesser extend 4-chlorocatechol, protocatechuate, p-cresol, m-chlorophenol, and p-chlorophenol were metabolized by the yeast. a total of 30 aromatic compounds were tested as substrates.19854009428
antifungal properties of 3-n-alkyn-1-ols and synergism with 2-n-alkyn-1-ols and ketoconazole.twelve 3-n-alkyn-1-ols (c4-c12, c14, c16, and c18) were tested against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, and myrothecium verrucaria in sabouraud dextrose agar at ph 5.6 and 7.0. toxicity to candida albicans, candida tropicalis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at ph 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. fungitoxicity was strongly influenced by chain length, slightly by ph of the medium, and significantly ...19854020633
structure-function correlation of fatty acyl-coa dehydrogenase and fatty acyl-coa oxidase.we have employed a new pseudosubstrate, beta-(2-furyl)propionyl coenzyme a (fpcoa), to study the functional properties of two enzymes, fatty acyl-coa dehydrogenase from porcine liver and fatty acyl-coa oxidase from candida tropicalis, involved in the oxidation of fatty acids. previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the dehydrogenase exhibits oxidase activity at the rate of dissociation of the product charge-transfer complex. this raises the question of the difference in functionalit ...19854040392
use of a new bioassay to study pentamidine pharmacokinetics.we developed a sensitive and specific agar-diffusion bioassay for pentamidine by using an amphotericin b-resistant isolate, candida tropicalis atcc 28707, as the test organism. we determined levels of pentamidine in serum of rats given intramuscular or intravenous injections and levels in serum, urine, and tissues of humans who had received the drug by slow intravenous infusion. rats given intravenous pentamidine at a dose of 2 mg/kg had higher serum levels than those given intramuscular injecti ...19854045230
invasive candidal balanitis due to a condom catheter in a neutropenic patient.a 58-year-old man with acute leukemia had balanitis and penile ulceration due to candida tropicalis after a condom catheter was used because of urinary incontinence. this case illustrates that condom catheters can be associated with serious complications in neutropenic patients and should be used only when absolutely necessary.19854049047
fungemia in a cancer hospital: changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy.two hundred episodes of fungemia that occurred at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center between january 1, 1978, and june 30, 1982, are reviewed and compared with those seen from 1974 through 1977. the total number of episodes of fungemia per year increased by 30.6%, episodes per 100 new lymphoma and solid tumor patients increased by 73% and 95%, respectively, and episodes per 100 new leukemia patients decreased by 50%. fungemia also occurred earlier during hospitalization, and embolic skin les ...19854059756
5-methyl-2-thiouridine in the trna of candida tropicalis and its localization in lysine trna.35s incorporation studies showed that candida tropicalis trna contained two thionucleosides, one of which was identified as 5-methyl-2-thiouridine. the other thionucleoside was alkali labile, and it appeared to be an ester. pulse-chase experiments suggested that the two thionucleosides were structurally related. 5-methyl-2-thiouridine was present in one of the lysine trnas. this is the first report of the presence of this nucleoside in a yeast trna.19853845081
candida tropicalis papillary necrosis treated with ketoconazole. 19853857483
ocular involvement in patients with fungal infections.autopsy findings of 133 patients who died following fungemia or with invasive fungal infection were reviewed. common clinical factors included antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroid administration, hyperalimentation, malignancy, and bone marrow transplantation. fungal infection was seldom diagnosed antemortem and fungemia was detected in only 24 patients (18%). ocular involvement occurred in 14 patients (candida 11, aspergillus 2, and cryptococcus 1). the eye was the fifth most commonl ...19853874382
hydrophobic interaction in candida albicans and candida tropicalis adherence to various denture base resin materials.the effects of hydrophobicities of substrate surfaces on microbial adherence were examined by using candida albicans and candida tropicalis and 21 denture base resin materials. with increasing surface free energy of resin plates, increasing adherence of c. albicans and decreasing adherence of c. tropicalis were observed. the surface free energy of c. albicans is higher than that of all resin material surfaces, and c. tropicalis has surface free energy lower than that of all materials used. in ca ...19853880719
evaluation of the new mycotube test-kit for yeast identification.the performance of a modified mycotube test for the identification of yeasts was evaluated using standard biochemical tests as reference. one hundred and eighty strains belonging to 12 medically important species (15 strains each) were tested. the overall rate of identification was 72%, and rose to 87.8% when macroscopic and microscopic morphologic features were also considered; a 100% rate was obtained with candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida pseudotropicalis, candid ...19853886377
experimental candidiasis in the hamster cheek pouch.sixty-four adult male bio 87.20 hamsters were divided into four equal groups. animals in three groups had 1 ml of a thick aqueous suspension of either candida albicans (atcc 10261), candida albicans (uo1) or candida tropicalis (3100, puna culture collection) placed in each of their cheek pouches. the fourth group were controls. four animals from each group were killed 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks following treatment. specimens were removed from all left-cheek pouches and processed routinely for light mic ...19853888159
candida tropicalis vulvovaginitis.in a majority of patients with candidal vulvovaginitis, drug therapy is convenient and effective. a small but significant group of patients remain symptomatic with recurrent, chronic candidiasis. a study of 805 patients was undertaken to delineate microbiologically candidal species. the study revealed that the recurrence rate for candida tropicalis was twice the rate for candida albicans, and that despite continuous medical care and multiple therapies, the recurrent c tropicalis patients remaine ...19853895072
protection by candida albicans of staphylococcus aureus in the establishment of dual infection in mice.candida albicans has been shown to stimulate infection in mice by a number of bacteria when both organisms are inoculated intraperitoneally (e. carlson, infect. immun. 39:193-197, 1983). when subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculations were given with staphylococcus aureus and c. albicans injected at opposite sites, mixed infection was established at the site of fungal inoculation but not at the site of the bacterial injection. histopathologic evaluation of tissues for the presence of c. albic ...19853905609
characterization of protein and mannan polysaccharide antigens of yeasts, moulds, and actinomycetes.antigens in coccidioidin were compared with purified subfractions via tandem immunoelectrophoresis (iep) and by a combination of advancing line and crossed iep. rocket iep was suitable for titrating the reactions and showing the relationship between column fractions. these techniques required multicomponent antisera produced by hyperimmunization over many months and by the use of known standard migration pairs. the iep variations were used to chart the development of antisera against coccidioidi ...19853916766
microbial adhesion to fibronectin in vitro correlates with production of endocarditis in rabbits.microbial adhesion to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (nbte) is an important early event in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. fibronectin is a ubiquitous mammalian glycoprotein with diverse functions which binds to certain bacteria but not to others. in this study, we determined that fibronectin is present on the surface of nbte (after catheter-induced aortic valve trauma) but not on normal rabbit cardiac valvular endothelium. the adhesion of various bacteria a ...19853936047
cloning of cdna coding for peroxisomal acyl-coa oxidase from the yeast candida tropicalis pk233.candida tropicalis pk233 cells were grown with n-alkanes as carbon source to induce the synthesis of peroxisomal proteins and the proliferation of peroxisomes. poly-(a)+ rna was isolated and used to construct a cdna library by insertion of double-stranded reverse transcripts into the pst i site of pbr322 followed by cloning in escherichia coli. clones complementary to mrnas induced by growth on alkanes were selected by differential dna dot-blot analysis using [32p]cdna reverse-transcribed from p ...19852987957
relationship between growth inhibition and mitochondrial function in petite-negative yeasts. i. effects of antibiotics and dyes upon pathogenic and non-pathogenic candida species.antibiotics and dyes which preclude growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae in media containing oxidizable carbon sources arrested the growth of candida albicans, candida tropicalis and candida utilis even in glucose medium. the growth in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the various antibiotics and dyes determined a reduction in the cell survival but with no accumulation of respiratory deficient mutants. under these culture conditions, the total respiration declined leaving a residual ...19852581644
monoclonal antibodies against candida tropicalis mannan: antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence.three strains of mice were immunized with candida tropicalis cell walls, and antibodies against mannan were detected by indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 3 of 9 balb/c mice, 4 of 11 c57bl/6 mice, and 4 of 8 cfw mice. responding mice produced immunoglobulin m (igm), but igg was not detected in their sera. fusion of the high-responder balb/c mouse with a plasmacytoma cell line resulted in 41 clones secreting antimannan monoclonal antibodies (mabs). four clones selected for propagation included ...19862429989
[candida tropicalis as a possible indicator of the degree of pollution of surface waters]. 19863152142
cleavage of immunoglobulins by pathogenic yeasts of the genus candida.the yeast-like fungi candida albicans and candida tropicalis are opportunistic pathogens which are distinguished from less virulent yeasts by the secretion of acid proteases. candida proteases cleave various human immunoglobulins including iga2 and secretory immunoglobulins. they cover a wider range of substrates than bacterial iga-proteases, and possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of thrush and deep candidosis.19863153567
growth of bacteria and fungi in total nutrient admixtures.total nutrient admixtures (tnas) containing dextrose, amino acids, and fat emulsion were evaluated for their ability to support bacterial and fungal growth. the following solutions were tested: a standard adult total parenteral nutrient (tpn) solution with dextrose, amino acids, and electrolytes, a standard neonatal tpn solution with dextrose, amino acids, and electrolytes, a 10% fat emulsion, a 20% fat emulsion, a tna with 40% of the total calories as fat, a tna with 25% of the total calories a ...19863082195
two acyl-coenzyme a oxidases in peroxisomes of the yeast candida tropicalis: primary structures deduced from genomic dna sequence.we report the complete nucleotide sequence of two genes encoding major peroxisomal polypeptides (pxps) of candida tropicalis. one, pox4, encodes pxp-4, which is the most abundant polypeptide in cells grown on oleic acid, and the other, pox5, is the gene for pxp-5. each of the two polypeptides was found to be the subunit of a distinct long-chain acyl-coenzyme a oxidase: acyl-coa oxidase ii (pxp-4) or acyl-coa oxidase i (pxp-5). both the genes had no intron and gave a single open reading frame. th ...19863456583
adherence of candida species to host tissues and plastic surfaces.adherence of candida species to host tissues and nonbiologic materials has been studied in vivo and in vitro. attachment of candida albicans to mucosal cells, fibrin-platelet matrices, vascular endothelial cells, and plastic materials has been examined to elucidate early events in the pathogenesis of mucosal colonization and infection, candidal endocarditis, tissue invasion from the intravascular space, and infection of prosthetic devices. adherence of c. albicans and candida tropicalis exceeds ...19863513288
disseminated intravascular coagulation and purpura fulminans in a patient with candida sepsis. biopsy of purpura fulminans as an aid to diagnosis of systemic candida infection.disseminated intravascular coagulation and purpura fulminans developed in association with septicemia and meningitis due to candida tropicalis in an 18-year-old female immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient. although systemic candida infection was initially suspected, blood cultures showed no growth of this organism until after its identification in the dermis of a skin biopsy specimen obtained from the site of purpura fulminans. this case illustrates the association between candida sepsis a ...19863515934
biotypes of oral candida albicans and candida tropicalis isolates.213 oral isolates of candida albicans and 62 isolates of c. tropicalis were tested for their hydrolytic enzyme profiles with the api zym system. one major biotype accounted for more than 50% of the isolates and a number of minor biotypes was recognized in both candida species. the enzyme profiles of the major biotypes were identical and one quarter of the c. tropicalis isolates possessed a beta-glucosidase which has not been previously described.19863517280
immunological evidence for the involvement of cell wall proteins in phosphate uptake in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.immunological cross-reactivity between cell wall proteins obtained from two yeast genera (candida tropicalis and saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. specific retention of two cell wall proteins from saccharomyces cerevisiae by an immunoabsorbent column coupled with antibodies against phosphate binding protein 2(pibp2) from candida tropicalis allowed to generate antibodies against the proteins from s. cerevisiae. these antibodies were effective in inhibiting phosphate uptake by s. cerevisiae c ...19863524497
fungal colonization in the very low birth weight infant.in the neonate, fungal infections result in significant morbidity and mortality. for very low birth weight (less than 1,500 g) infants, we prospectively determined the fungal colonization rate to be 26.7%. in one third of infants with fungal colonies, mucocutaneous candidiasis developed, and in 7.7%, systemic disease developed. two thirds of the infants had colonies in the first week of life. this colonization was probably acquired during labor and delivery, because those infants who had coloniz ...19863526268
isolation purification and properties of a site-specific proteolytic enzyme "valyl-proteinase" from candida tropicalis.a highly specific proteolytic enzyme cleaving at the carboxyl group of valine has been isolated from candida tropicalis. its specificity has been determined by digesting beta-lactoglobulin and a number of synthetic peptides. the enzyme a glycoprotein, has a molecular mass of 40 +/- 7 kda on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. its optimum activity occurs at 37 degrees c at a ph between 8-9. it has been named "valyl-proteinase" because of its selective cleavage ...19863527225
[comparative sensitivity of yeasts to antifungal agents using a standardized micromethod].the comparative susceptibility of 1 850 yeast strains belonging to 8 species was determined. the standardized micromethods used allows determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) or categorized sensitivities for two different concentrations (ab). overall results showed that amphotericin b (amb) is the most active agent, followed by the various imidazoles. 5-fluorocytosine (5fc) was the least effective drug, with 68% susceptible strains. however, results varied widely across specie ...19863534739
induction, identification, and cell-free translation of mrnas coding for peroxisomal proteins in candida tropicalis.peroxisomes have been purified from candida tropicalis grown on oleic acid and shown to be nearly pure by marker enzyme analysis, electron microscopy, and comparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. they contain approximately 20 polypeptides, among which acyl-coa oxidase, trifunctional hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase, and catalase have been identified. rabbit antisera have been elicited that react with these three proteins. when c. tropicalis is grown on alkanes, a d ...19863536914
[role of lipids in the sensitivity and variability of candida tropicalis d-2 cells to the action of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in different solvents]. 19863950190
pathologic features in the human alimentary tract associated with invasiveness of candida tropicalis.the pathologic features of candida albicans and candida tropicalis in 23 consecutive autopsied patients with culture-proven disseminated candidiasis were studied in order to determine the pathologic basis for the greater virulence of c. tropicalis. disseminated c. tropicalis infection with gastrointestinal invasion occurred only in eight neutropenic patients; whereas, c. albicans infection occurred in nine neutropenic and six nonneutropenic patients. c. tropicalis involved the entire alimentary ...19863953503
properties of catalase purified from a methanol-grown yeast, kloeckera sp. 2201.catalase, a marker enzyme of peroxisomes, was purified to homogeneity from whole cells of kloeckera sp. 2201 (a strain of candida boidinii) grown on methanol by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by hydroxyapatite, sephacryl s-300 and deae-sepharose column chromatographies. crystallized catalase was brown-coloured and needle-like. the molecular mass of the enzyme was about 240 000 daltons consisting of four identical subunits of 62 000 daltons. the minimum size of catalase molecule ...19863956497
[characteristics of candida tropicalis d-2 mutants resistant to nystatin, levorin, amphotericin b. i. frequency of induction depending on the intracellular lipid level and phenotypic characteristics of mutants].induction frequency of mutants of candida tropicalis d-2 strain depends on the number of intracellular lipids and the nature of a chemical mutagen. para-aminobenzoic acid leads to a decrease in the lethality and mutagenicity of nitrosocompounds, which is stronger expressed in cells with enhanced quantity of lipids. among nystatin and levorin-resistant mutants obtained independently, the mutants with supersensitivity to other antibiotics were discovered. the majority of mutants possess cross-resi ...19863957028
[process of candida tropicalis adaptation to l-arabinose].when biotin (an essential growth factor) is removed from the mineral rieder medium, a mutation process is induced, particularly, if a nutrition source (glucose) is present in the medium. hence, a mutation process can be induced under the conditions of an unbalanced 'organism--medium' system.19863702778
candida tropicalis vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis. a case report and discussion on the diagnosis and treatment. 19863704784
[effect of pancreatic dnase on the nuclear dna topology of candida tropicalis yeasts].it has been shown that pancreatic dnaase added to the nutritious medium caused the change in the nuclear dna topology of asporogenic candida tropicalis yeast. dna conformative changes are due to the unwinding of supertwisted molecules as a result of single-strand ruptures formation which induce dna synthesis acceleration, cell growth and division.19863708027
purification of peroxisomal malate synthase from alkane-grown candida tropicalis and some properties of the purified enzyme.malate synthase, one of the key enzymes in the glyoxylate cycle, was purified from peroxisomes of alkane-grown yeast, candida tropicalis. the enzyme was mainly localized in the matrix of peroxisomes, judging from subcellular fractionation followed by exposure of the organelles to hypotonic conditions. the molecular mass of this peroxisomal malate synthase was determined to be 250,000 daltons by gel filtration on a sepharose 6b column as well as by ultracentrifugation. on sodium dodecylsulfate/po ...19863718151
[biosynthesis of the polyene antibiotic levorin and the membrane composition of streptomyces levoris].changes in the composition of streptomyces levoris membranes were studied in the course of the polyene antibiotic levorin biosynthesis when the process was stimulated by candida tropicalis metabolites and inhibited by inorganic phosphate. in the presence of stimulating compounds, the percentage of membranes increased in s. levoris cells and the membrane composition changed: the protein-to-lipid ratio and the concentration of total phosphorus decreased while the content of carbohydrates increased ...19863724563
[nature of the stimulating substances found in the vital activity products of yeastlike fungi].the cultural broth of candida tropicalis was shown to contain an active compound which stimulated the synthesis of levorin, a polyene antibiotic succinic acid was found to stimulate the antibiotic synthesis. the stimulating effect of the active compound increased in proportion to the content of succinic acid in it and became maximal at the same concentration of succinic acid as in a pure preparation. however, succinic acid was not an only compound responsible for the elevated synthesis of the an ...19863724564
antifungal activity of ketoconazole with emphasis on zoophilic fungal pathogens.the antifungal activity of ketoconazole was studied against fungal pathogens associated with various mycotic infections in animals. a concentration of 10 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml of medium proved fungicidal to trichophyton verrucosum. the same concentration acted as a strong fungistat against the majority of the tested dermatophytes. yeasts were generally more sensitive than yeast-like pathogens. ketoconazole also proved fungicidal against pityrosporon canis and strongly inhibitory on crypt ...19863729122
topical flucytosine therapy for chronic recurrent candida tropicalis infections.forty-one women with a culture-proven diagnosis of candida tropicalis were treated with miconazole or clotrimazole cream topically or ketoconazole orally. in 15 patients the infection recurred or remained uncured. five-fluorocytosine was compounded into a topical vaginal cream and applied nightly for seven nights. in 14 of the 15 patients the infection disappeared. one patient remains uncured.19863772900
degradation of phenolic compounds by the yeast candida tropicalis hp 15. ii. some properties of the first two enzymes of the degradation pathway.the first two enzymes of the phenol degradation pathway were determined and characterized in crude extracts from candida tropicalis hp 15. the phenol hydroxylase (ec 1.14.13.7) was a stable nadph2- and fad-dependent enzyme with a ph-optimum of 7.6 to 8.0 and a broad substrate specificity. influence of ultrasound rapidly reduced the enzyme activity. the catechol 1,2-oxygenase (ec 1.13.1.1) had a broad ph-optimum between 7.5 and 9.6 and a limited substrate specificity. two active protein bands ind ...19863783431
the distinction of different types of cytochromes p-450 from the yeasts candida tropicalis and saccharomyces uvarum.the distinction between two types of cytochromes p-450 originating from microsomes of candida tropicalis grown on glucose and on alkane was achieved. criteria of differentiation between these two cytochrome p-450 forms were based on the characteristics of reduced carbon monoxide difference spectra, on substrate specificity, and on binding and inhibition kinetics of the fungistatic compound propiconazole. one cytochrome p-450 form catalyzed the 14 alpha-demethylation of lanosterol and bound propi ...19863789734
noninvasive and quantitative 19f nuclear magnetic resonance study of flucytosine metabolism in candida strains.19f nuclear magnetic resonance was used for a noninvasive and quantitative study of flucytosine (fc; 5-fluorocytosine) metabolism in two strains of candida albicans and one strain of candida tropicalis with various susceptibilities to fc. three intracellular fluorinated metabolites were detected in the highly susceptible strain, f-nucleotides (fnt), f-nucleosides, and 5-fluorouracil (5fu). fnt were partially converted into 5fu when the spectra of the yeasts were recorded at 37 degrees c without ...19863800351
fungal spondylitis. a case of torulopsis glabrata and candida tropicalis infection.a case of spondylitis due to torulopsis glabrata and candida tropicalis is reported. fungal osteomyelitis should be suspected in the presence of predisposing factors, such as long antibiotic treatment or reduced immune defense.19863577731
effect of lipid composition and liposome size on toxicity and in vitro fungicidal activity of liposome-intercalated amphotericin b.intercalation of amphotericin b into liposomes at a 10 mol% drug/lipid ratio decreased its cytotoxicity by 3- to 90-fold in cultured murine cells and reduced its lethality by 2- to 8-fold in a median lethal dose (ld50) test in mice when compared with the commercial deoxycholate-solubilized drug (ld50 = 2.3 mg/kg). the cytotoxicity and lethality of the liposomal preparations were a function of their lipid composition and diameter. there was no correlation between the reduction of toxicity in the ...19873579259
isolation of the alkane inducible cytochrome p450 (p450alk) gene from the yeast candida tropicalis.the gene for the alkane-inducible cytochrome p450, p450alk, has been isolated from the yeast candida tropicalis by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 library. isolation of the gene has been identified on the basis of its inducibility and partial dna sequence. transcripts of this gene were induced by alkane to levels 500 to 1000 fold over those detected in glucose-grown cells. the nucleotide sequence of the 3' portion of this gene revealed a coding sequence for the heme binding segment characteristic ...19873579905
isolation of cdna clones coding for peroxisomal proteins of candida tropicalis: identification and sequence of a clone for catalase.a cdna library, complementary to mrnas of alkane-grown candida tropicalis, was screened by differential dna dot-blot hybridization with [32p]cdna reverse-transcribed from mrna of alkane-grown cells or from cells in which peroxisome formation was repressed by growth on glucose. 9% of the library encodes alkane-induced sequences. the cell-free translation products of eight hybrid-selected mrnas were characterized by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography: most of them are probably ...19873580373
the primary structure of a peroxisomal fatty acyl-coa oxidase from the yeast candida tropicalis pk233.we report the isolation and nucleotide (nt) sequence determination of a gene encoding peroxisomal fatty acyl-coa oxidase (aox) from the yeast candida tropicalis pk233. the aox gene contains no intervening sequences and has a single open reading frame of 2127 nt encoding a protein of 708 amino acids (aa), not including the initiator methionine. the mr of the protein is 79,155. codon utilization in the gene is not random, with 87.4% of the aa specified by 25 principal codons. the principal codons ...19873596241
[laboratory and clinical study of intravenous miconazole].laboratory and clinical study was carried out on miconazole (mcz), a new synthetic imidazole. the antifungal activity of mcz was studied and expressed as mics for clinical isolates. the drug proved to have the highest activity against cryptococcus neoformans, with mics of no more than 0.16 micrograms/ml for all isolates of this species. mics of torulopsis glabrata were 0.08-5 micrograms/ml for all isolates and those of candida albicans and candida tropicalis were 5-20 micrograms/ml for more than ...19873599380
efficient association of in vitro translation products with purified stable candida tropicalis peroxisomes.newly synthesized peroxisomal proteins enter preexisting peroxisomes posttranslationally in vivo, generally without proteolytic processing. an efficient reconstitution of this process in vitro together with cloned dnas for peroxisomal proteins would make possible investigation of the molecular information that targets proteins to peroxisomes. we have previously reported the isolation of clones for candida tropicalis peroxisomal proteins; here we describe the association (and possible import) of ...19873600648
kinetics and inhibition studies of catechol o-methyltransferase from the yeast candida tropicalis.the kms for esculetin and s-adenosyl-l-methionine for catechol o-methyltransferase from the yeast candida tropicalis were 6.2 and 40 microm, respectively. s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine was a very potent competitive inhibitor with respect to s-adenosyl-l-methionine, with a ki of 6.9 microm. of the catechol-related inhibitors, purpurogallin, with a ki of 0.07 microm, showed the greatest inhibitory effect. sulfhydryl group-blocking reagents, such as thiol-oxidizing 2-iodosobenzoic acid and mercaptide-f ...19873611026
import of the carboxy-terminal portion of acyl-coa oxidase into peroxisomes of candida tropicalis.we report the sequence of a cdna clone that codes for the carboxy-terminal portion of the peroxisomal protein, acyl-coa oxidase, from the yeast, candida tropicalis. this is a newly identified acyl-coa oxidase sequence, most likely a second allele of pox4. the cdna clone was expressed by in vitro transcription followed by translation. the major product, a 43-kd protein, associated with isolated peroxisomes in an in vitro import assay. more than half of the peroxisome-associated protein was protec ...19873611187
candida tropicalis infection in normal, diabetic, and neutropenic mice.opportunistic infections caused by candida tropicalis have been noted with increasing frequency in compromised patients. the pathogenicity of three isolates of c. tropicalis was studied in normal cd-1 mice, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic mice. lethal dose 50% endpoints and quantitative distribution of yeast cells in spleen, liver, and kidneys of mice infected intravenously were determined. the virulence of one yeast isolate was greater than that of ...19873624439
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