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a polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation system for production of fertile transgenic rice plants.we have established an efficient procedure for protoplast transformation and regeneration of fertile transgenic plants of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars nipponbare and taipei 309. protoplasts were mixed with a plant-expressible hygromycin resistance gene and treated with 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol. stringent selection of transformed colonies was applied to 14-day-old regenerated protoplasts in the presence of 95 micromolar of hygromycin b for 12 days. after selection, 450 and 200 resistant ...199016667593
purification and partial characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from oryza sativa l.pyruvate decarboxylase(pyrdc) was purified from rice bran to a specific activity of 1 mu kat/mg and partially characterized. the holoenzyme is a tetramer of two types of subunits with molecular masses 64 kda and 62 kda. purified rice pyrdc exhibits positive cooperative kinetics with respect to pyruvate and functions with a significant lag phase. when compared to other plant pyrdc, the lag phase was shorter at low pyruvate concentrations and the s0.5 was smaller. the optimum ph (6.25) was also le ...19902269301
introgression of genes from oryza officinalis well ex watt to cultivated rice, o. sativa l.sterile ac hybrids between cultivated oryza sativa (aa) and a distant wild species, o. officinalis (cc), were backcross to o. sativa. most of the bc1 progenies were allotriploid (aac), a few were hypotriploid. aac progenies were again backcrossed to o. sativa. bc2 progenies consisting of disomic or aneuploid individuals were examined for the presence of o. officinalis traits. eleven different traits from o. officinalis were identified in these progenies. segregation data in the subsequent genera ...199024221103
sucrose synthase in rice plants : growth-associated changes in tissue specific distributions.different parts of the rice (oryza sativa l.) plant at different growth stages were analyzed for sucrose synthase (ss) by enzyme activity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay directly on the extracts or on the eluates from a gel filtration column. on a dry matter basis, the amount of soluble protein and ss activity decreased significantly, but the amount of enzyme protein changed little in growing leaves. in the grain, the ss activity was the highest at the early ripening stage and decrea ...199016667853
proteins and amino acids of some local varieties of rice seeds (oryza sativa l.).proteins and amino acids in four local rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties were identified. albumin and globulin were extracted from rice seeds, and the major promoters of these proteins were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to show their patterns. amino acid composition of the rice seed were determined quantitatively and qualitatively, and classified according to their acidic, basic and uncharged polar groups. essential amino acids for each variety were determined, and the hydrop ...19902247436
fertile indica rice plants regenerated from protoplasts isolated from microspore derived cell suspensions.rice plants (oryza sativa l., chinsurah boro ii var. indica) were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from microspore derived cell suspensions. a simple procedure for the establishment of such cell suspension cultures from embryogenic microcallus derived from cultured isolated microspores of indica-type rice is described. regenerating protoplasts could readily be isolated from 5-12 months old cell suspensions showing visible colony formation in the range of 180-1050 colonies/10(6) protoplasts ...199024226820
mechanism of methane transport from the rhizosphere to the atmosphere through rice plants.to clarify the mechanisms of methane transport from the rhizosphere into the atmosphere through rice plants (oryza sativa l.), the methane emission rate was measured from a shoot whose roots had been kept in a culture solution with a high methane concentration or exposed to methane gas in the gas phase by using a cylindrical chamber. no clear correlation was observed between change in the transpiration rate and that in the methane emission rate. methane was mostly released from the culm, which i ...199016667719
efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts in general medium.we established an efficient and reproducible procedure for protoplast propagation and fertile plant regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars nipponbare and taipei 309. selection of scutellum-derived secondary calli, the use of general medium and nurse culture were all found to be critical in the procedure. when 5 basal media (murashige and skoog, ry-2, modified r2, amino acid and general media) were compared, suspension callus growth rate, protoplast yield and plating efficiency were all ...199024226706
nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial atpase subunit 9 genes from three lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) 19902143016
the incidence and effects of hybridization between cultivated rice and its related weed red rice (oryza sativa l.).the objectives of this study were (1) to determine if hybridization occurs naturally between cultivated rice and a closely related weed, red rice (both oryza sativa l.) and (2) to determine the incidence of hybridization and possible convergence of red rice with cultivated rice. both morphological and electrophoretic characters were used to confirm the existence of hybrids. a total of 12,000 seeds were collected from red rice plants from fields of six different rice cultivars and sown in a commo ...199028569027
co-transformation of indica rice protoplasts with gusa and neo genes.protoplasts of the indica rice (oryza sativa l.) variety, ir54, were transiently transformed with the gusa gene and stably transformed with both the neo and gusa genes. we show that peg-mediated co-transformation of protoplasts with two genes on separate plasmids coupled with selection on kanamycin is an effective way of transferring foreign gene(s) into the indica rice genome. the efficiency of co-transformation was generally 20-30%, i.e. the frequency of kanamycin-resistant calli having both t ...199024226605
screening of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance.phenotypic resistance of salinity is expressed as the ability to survive and grow in a salinised medium. some subjective measure of overall performance has normally been used in plant breeding programmes aimed at increasing salinity resistance, not only to evaluate progeny, but to select parents. salinity resistance has, at least implicitly, been treated as a single trait. physiological studies of rice suggest that a range of characteristics (such as low shoot sodium concentration, compartmentat ...199024226357
double-stranded rna and male sterility in rice.double-stranded rna (dsrna) was isolated from rice oryza sativa ssp. japonica, but not from other subspecies. the dsrna has been found in all of the examined cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of bt (chinsurah boro ii)-type rice, but was not detected in their companionate maintainer lines. it is uniquely and positivley correlated with the cms trait in bt-type rice. recently, the dsrna was also found in a nuclear malesterile (nms) rice, nongken 58s, but was not found in its normal nongken 58. t ...199024226462
mechanism for the activation of plasma membrane h-atpase from rice (oryza sativa l.) culture cells by molecular species of a phospholipid.the activation of h(+)-atpase solubilized from plasma membrane of rice (oryza sativa l. var nipponbare) culture cells was examined by the exogenous addition of various phospholipids, free fatty acids, glycerides, polar head groups of phospholipids and molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (pc). h(+)-atpase activity appeared to be stimulated by phospholipids in the following order: asolectin > phosphatidylserine > pc > lysophosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylglycerol, and maximal atpase activati ...199016667556
induction of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase by anoxia in rice seedlings.rice (oryza sativa) seeds were imbibed for 3 days and the seedlings were further incubated for 8 days in the presence of either air or nitrogen. in aerobiosis, the specific activity of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase and that of the atp-dependent phosphofructokinase increased about fourfold. in anaerobiosis, the specific activity of atp-dependent phosphofructokinase remained stable, whereas that of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase increased as much ...199016667507
a repeated chromosomal dna sequence is amplified as a circular extrachromosomal molecule in rice (oryza sativa l.).the plasmid pe10 is a pbr322-derived plasmid carrying a 4.5 kb rice (oryza sativa l.) repeated dna sequence. the cloned sequence has been shown to be amplified in cultured rice cells. the analysis of practically intact chromosomal rice dna molecules by pulsed field gel electrophoresis has now shown that the amplification is associated with the appearance of extrachromosomal molecules. in fact, pe10 hybridizes exclusively with unfractionated dna from leaf protoplasts, while it recognizes predomin ...19902233681
organization of dna sequences highly repeated in tandem in rice genomes.digestion of the total genomic dna from rice oryza sativa l. cv. c5924 with ecori generated an intense band of a dna fragment of about 0.36 kb long. the dna fragment cloned into puc19 was used to hybridize with the total rice genomic dna partially digested with ecori. a ladder of bands of dna fragments with multiplied length of 0.36 kb was observed, demonstrating that this sequence occurs in tandem in the genome. the copy number of the sequence estimated by dot blot hybridization analysis was 20 ...19911910873
localization of specific repetitive dna sequences in individual rice chromosomes.this paper describes the characterization and chromosomal distribution of three different rice (oryza sativa) repetitive dna sequences. the three sequences were characterized by sequence analysis, which gave 355, 498 and 756 bp for the length of the repeat unit in os48, osg3-498 and osg5-756, respectively. copy number determination by quantitative dna slot-blot hybridization analysis showed 4000, 1080 and 920 copies, respectively, per haploid rice genome for the three sequences. in situ dna hybr ...19911860377
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products amplified from mapped loci of rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dna.thirty mapped indica rice genomic (rg) clones were partially sequenced from each end. from such sequence data, pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized to act as primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the corresponding loci in crude total dna preparations. the pcr products from dna of indica varieties were of the sizes expected from the sizes of the corresponding rg clones. however, size polymorphisms were seen between pcr products from indica and japonica varieties, and ...199124213267
chromosomal localization and genomic organization of α-amylase genes in rice (oryza sativa l.).genes for α-amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, andem, an aba-regulated gene expressed late in embryogenesis, were localized on rice chromosomes by the analysis of primary trisomies. the validity of the mapping approach was confirmed usingadh-1 as a control. theadh-1 gene has previously been assigned to chromosome 11 using conventional techniques. in this study we confirm this assignment and report an additional locus for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh-2) on chromosome 9. the α-amylase genes were locate ...199124213266
selection and characterization of a rice mutant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan.a rice plant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan (5mt) was selected from mutagenized m3 seeds (oryza sativa l. var. sasanishiki) originating from panicles treated with ethylene imine (0.2%) 2 h after flowering. when germinated on 5mt-containing medium, the seeds (m4) from selfed plants segregated with a 3 resistant:1 sensitive ratio, indicating that the plant was heterozygous for a resistance gene and that the resistance was dominant. the resistance was also expressed in callus derived from seeds. a ...199124213253
protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.for studies of in organello mitochondrial protein synthesis in rice, oryza sativa l., conventional surface-sterilization procedures were demonstrated to be ineffective. because of the over-whelmingly efficient [(35)s]methionine utilization by contaminating bacteria, even "essentially bacteria-free" rice mitochondria were shown to be unsuitable for the study of in organello protein synthesis. we developed a procedure to obtain a bacteria-free preparation of rice mitochondria. such mitochondria fa ...199116668173
differential expression of alpha-amylase genes in germinating rice and barley seeds.steady-state levels of mrna from individual alpha-amylase genes were measured in the embryo and aleurone tissues of rice (oryza sativa) and two varieties of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya and cv. klages) during germination. each member of the alpha-amylase multigene families of rice and barley was differentially expressed in each tissue. in rice, alpha-amylase genes displayed tissue-specific expression in which genes ramy3b, ramy3c, and ramy3e were preferentially expressed in the aleuro ...19911859866
peroxisomal enzyme activities in attached senescing leaves.recently it has been demonstrated that detached leaves show glyoxysomal enzyme activities when incubated in darkness for several days. in this report glyoxylate-cycle enzymes have been detected in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum durum l.) from either naturally senescing or dark-treated plants. isolated peroxisomes of rice and wheat show isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1), malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) and β-oxidation activities. leaf peroxisomes from dark-induced senescing leaves ...199124193942
differential effects of elicitors on the viability of rice suspension cells.we have compared the effects of two elicitors of defense-related processes on rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells. both chitosan and salicylic acid induced the accumulation of extracellular chitinase, thickening of the cell wall, and a variety of cytological changes in treated cells. chitosan also induced the production of a brown pigment and cell death. both of these effects depended on the availability of reactive oxygen species, because the damage was greatly reduced by either catalase or ...199116668444
isolation and molecular evolutionary analysis of a cytochrome c gene from oryza sativa (rice)a cytochrome c gene, oscc-1, from rice (oryza sativa) has been isolated and analyzed. the oscc-1 gene encodes a cytochrome c protein that is typical of higher-plant cytochrome c proteins. oscc-1 consists of three exons separated by two introns that are 817 and 747 bp in length, respectively. from genomic dna hybridization analysis, oscc-1 appears to be one of possibly two cytochrome c genes in several asian, american, and indian rice species and varieties surveyed. a single, unique cytochrome c ...19911646373
a novel glycine-rich cell wall protein gene in rice.a genomic clone isolated from rice (oryza sativa var. ir 36) contains a gene that encodes a glycine-rich cell wall protein. this gene is a member of a multi-gene family. two transcripts with different 5' termini are encoded by this gene and the expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated. the amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence of this gene has a putative amino terminal signal peptide, and a highly repetitive structure in the putative mature protein. a model is ...19911716496
studies on the progeny of rice plants grown at an unpolluted and polluted site.oryza sativa l. cv. gr3 was grown near to a fertilizer plant and the growth of its seed progeny was evaluated at sites near to, and distant from, the fertilizer plant. the grain yield was reduced in plants grown at the polluted site, with reduced panicle length and increased sterility index. this decrease in grain yield was higher in the progeny plants than in the normal polluted plants. the polluted progeny grown at a control site showed a normal yield, but an increased sterility index. accumul ...199115092167
molecular identification and comparison of the starch synthase bound to starch granules between endosperm and leaf blades in rice plants.normal (nonglutinous) rice plants (oryza sativa and o. glaberrima) contain more than 18% amylose in endosperm starch, while waxy (glutinous) plants lack it in this starch. in contrast, leaf starch contained more than 3.6% amylose even in waxy plants. sds-page analysis of proteins bound to endosperm starch granules in the normal plants revealed a single band with a mr of 60 kd, whereas waxy plants did not exhibit a similar band. the activity of starch synthase (ndp-glucose-starch glucosyltransfer ...19911747094
retention of the capacity to produce plants from protoplasts in cryopreserved cell lines of rice (oryza sativa l.).a method is described for cryopreservation of cell suspension lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) for use in protoplast research and as a way of retaining desirable characteristics of cell lines. the procedure involves pre-culture with mannitol, addition of a cryoprotectant solution of sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol and l-proline, two step freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. cells have been preserved for up to 14 months (the longest period tried in these experiments). cryopreserved cells ...199124221539
triacontanol and its second messenger 9-beta-l(+)-adenosine as plant growth substances.triacontanol (tria), a common constituent of plant waxes, was first shown in 1977 to be an active growth substance which at nanomolar concentrations increased the growth and yield of crops. tria is used to increase crop yields on millions of hectares, particularly in asia. many investigators have shown that it affects several basic metabolic processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and enzyme activity. however, the initial site of action has not been elucidated. tria rapidly elicits ...199116668132
translational modification of an 18 kilodalton polypeptide by spermidine in rice cell suspension cultures.when rice (oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures are grown in the presence of [terminal methylenes-(3)h]spermidine, label is incorporated in a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 18 kilodaltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. preincubation of cell cultures with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors difluoromethylarginine and difluoromethylornithine, resulted in increased incorporation of the label into the 18 kilodalton polypeptide. in cells in which protein sy ...199116668128
identification and genetic analysis of semidwarfism-related proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).by transferring a semidwarf gene (sd-1) from taichung native 1 into a tall japanese cultivar, norin 29, through seven backcrosses, a semidwarf near-isogenic line sc-tn1 was obtained. the proteins of the embryo in norin 29 and sc-tn1 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. most of the proteins showed the same electrophoretic pattern. however, it was found that there was a difference in the appearance of two basic glycoproteins designated as srp-1 and srp-2. these proteins exhibited the ...199124221268
response to anoxia in rice and wheat seedlings: changes in the ph of intracellular compartments, glucose-6-phosphate level, and metabolic rate.(31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure intracellular ph in living tissues. oxygen deprivation caused fast cytoplasmic acidification from ph 7.4 to 7.0 in shoots of rice, oryza sativa l. var arborio, a species highly resistant to anoxia. acidification was complete after 10 minutes of anoxia. alkalinization of both cytosplasm and vacuole followed thereafter. in the anoxia intolerant wheat shoots, triticum aestivum l. var mek, the same treatment caused a sharper cytoplasm ...199116668051
low-temperature accumulation of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 mrna and protein activity in maize and rice seedlings.low-temperature stress was shown to cause a rapid increase in steady-state levels of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 message (adh1) and protein activity (adh1) in maize (zea mays) (b37n, a188) and rice (oryza sativa) (taipei 309, calmochi 101) seedlings. maize roots and rice shoots and roots from 7-day seedlings shifted to low temperature (10 degrees c) contained as much as 15-fold more adh1 mrna and 8-fold more adh1 protein activity than the corresponding tissues from untreated seedlings. time-course s ...199116668042
lactate dehydrogenase in oryza sativa l. seedlings and roots: identification and partial characterization.a lactate dehydrogenase activity is present in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings and roots. under aerobic conditions, lactate dehydrogenase activity is barely detectable in rice seedlings and is very low in rice roots. in 30 day old roots, the activity is increased two to three times by an anoxic or hypoxic treatment and can be detected on immunoblots by an antiserum raised against barley lactate dehydrogenase. the activity present in aerobic seedlings was partially purified. the native enzyme ha ...199116668039
anaerobic stress induces the transcription and translation of sucrose synthase in rice.sucrose synthase activity increased in 2-day-old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings submitted to anaerobic stress. likewise, both denaturing and native western blot analysis detected a rise in the cellular concentration of sucrose synthase protein. significantly higher steady-state levels of sucrose synthase mrna, as determined by northern blots and by the ability of total rna to direct in vitro synthesis of sucrose synthase, were also induced by anaerobic treatment. analysis of run-on transcripts sh ...199116668037
the effect of paper industry effluent on growth, pigments, carbohydrates and proteins of rice seedlings.the effect of paper industry effluent on the growth and content of certain macromolecules of seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kesari-82k) has been examined. the effects were investigated in relation to both concentration of effluent and time of exposure to the effluent. percentage of germination, water imbibing capacity, growth, pigment, carbohydrate and protein content showed a decreasing trend with increase in effluent concentration and time. protein content was the most sensitive macrom ...199115092110
effects of chronic ozone exposure on growth, root respiration and nutrient uptake of rice plants.to clarify the response of growth and root functions to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)), rice plants (oryza sativa l.) were exposed to o(3) at 0.0 (control), 0.05 and 0.10 ppm for 8 weeks from vegetative to early heading stages. exposure to 0.05 ppm o(3) tended to slightly stimulate the dry weight of whole plants up to 5 weeks and then slightly decrease the dry weight of whole plants. however, these effects were statistically significant only at 6 weeks. exposure to 0.10 ppm o(3) reduced the ...199115092071
introduction and transposition of the maize transposable element ac in rice (oryza sativa l.).to develop a transposon tagging system in an important cereal plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), the maize transposable element ac (activator) was introduced into rice protoplasts by electroporation. we employed a phenotypic assay for excision of ac from the selectable hph gene encoding resistance to hygromycin b. southern blot analysis of hygromycin b-resistant calli showed that the ac element can transpose from the introduced hph gene into the rice chromosomes. sequence analysis of several ac exci ...19911650907
multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize.histone h3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from etiolated seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and alfalfa (medicago sativa) to determine the number of histone h3 variants. five distinct histone h3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed phase chromatography. these variants occur in various combinations of two to four forms in each plant species. one minor histone variant form (variant ii ...199116668207
a role for glutamine synthetase in the remobilization of leaf nitrogen during natural senescence in rice leaves.changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of corresponding mrnas were determined in leaves of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa) plants during natural senescence. the plants were grown in the greenhouse for 105 days at which time the thirteenth leaf was fully expanded. this was counted as zero time for senescence of the twelfth leaf. the twelfth leaf blade on the main stem was analyzed over a time period of - ...199116668201
effects of submergence on development and gravitropism in the coleoptile of oryza sativa l.caryopses of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) were germinated in air or under water. in submerged seedlings a twofold increase in coleoptile growth rate and an inhibition of root growth was observed. the amount of starch in the amyloplasts of submerged coleoptiles was substantially reduced compared to the air-grown control plants and plastids had a proplastidic character. during the rapid elongation of coleoptiles under water, the osmotic concentration of the press sap remained constant, w ...199111541649
oryzacystatins as the first well-defined cystatins of plant origin and their target proteinases in rice seeds.two cystatins occur in mature seeds of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica, which are named oryzacystatin i (oc-i) and oryzacystatin ii (oc-ii). these are highly homologous to each other and are significantly homologous to cystatin superfamily members of animal origin, especially to family-2 cystatins. however, both lack disulfide bonds as in the case of family-1 cystatins (stefins). each of oc-i and oc-ii thus seems to be chimerical of family-1 and family-2 cystatins, and we propose that a new c ...19911801735
field uniformity of the japonica rice region of taiwan as estimated by relative genetic contribution.despite the concerns for genetic vulnerability that were raised in the 1970s, the field uniformity of the japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) region in taiwan has increased since 1980 with over 82% of the cultivated areas being covered by as few as three varieties and over half of this hectarage by a single variety. japanese plant introductions are the major ancestral contributors of genetic constituents for varieties released in taiwan. the main constitution of the genetic base present in the field ...199124202264
production of n + 1 plants and tetrasomics by means of anther culture of trisomic plants in rice (oryza sativa l.).eleven primary trisomics of rice, variety nipponbare, were subjected to anther culture. the 12th trisomic did not produce normal anthers. a total of 3,734 plants were obtained, which were examined morphologically at the seedling stage in the greenhouse. a number of plants appeared in the progenies of ten trisomics which had unique morphological features. the frequency of these variant types differed among different progenies. cytological observations revealed that 43 variant plants in the progen ...199124202251
diallel analysis of tiller number at different growth stages in rice (oryza sativa l.).the genetics of tiller number at different development stages in rice was studied in a 6 x 6 diallel cross set involving six indica rice varieties in which a large difference of phenotypes existed. estimates of genetic parameters following hayman's method showed significant additive and nonadditive gene action, and the latter appeared to be solely due to dominance. high tillering ability was inherited as a partial dominant character conditioned by two or more blocks of genes, and var 'h1459' had ...199124202365
structural homology between semidwarfism-related proteins and glutelin seed protein in rice (oryza sativa l.).two semidwarfism-related proteins, srp-1 and srp-2, were detected as major spots in a long-culm rice cultivar, norin 29 and its semidwarf near-isogenic line, sc-tn1, respectively, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-page). the testcross showed that srp-1 and srp-2 are controlled by codominant alleles, srp-1 and srp-2, respectively, at a single locus srp. this locus was considered to be closely linked with the semidwarfing gene locus sd-1. srp-1 and srp-2 were separated by 2d-page, electro ...199124202351
genetic analysis of endosperm mutants in rice oryza sativa l.sugary, shrunken, floury, white core, amylose extender and dull mutants induced in japonica varieties were used in this study. the results of an allelic analysis conducted in japonica background indicated that the two sugary mutants 82gf and em5 are allelic. the two amylose extender mutants 2064 and em16 are also allelic. the opaque mutant esd7-3(0) and floury mutants 2047, em17 and em28 are allelic as well and have the flo-1 gene. the three white core mutants em3, em24 and em66 were found to be ...199124202350
photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves aged under different irradiances from full expansion through senescence.effects of irradiance on photosynthetic characteristics were examined in senescent leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). two irradiance treatments (100 and 20% natural sunlight) were imposed after the full expansion of the 13th leaf through senescence. the photosynthetic rate was measured as a function of intercellular co(2) pressure with a gas-exchange system. the amounts of cytochrome f, coupling factor 1, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), and chlorophyll were determined. ...199116668545
purification and characterization of rice peroxidases.four peroxidase components, named rp-2, 4, 6, and 7, were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) green leaves. isoelectric focusing indicated that each preparation was homogeneous. the molecular weights of rp-2, 4, 6, and 7 estimated by sds-page were 48,000, 48,000, 40,000, and 39,500, and their isoelectric points were 5.4, 8.1, 9.3, and 9.2, respectively. the activity of every preparation was maximum around ph 5.0. antisera against these purified enzymes were raised in rabbits. ouchterlony double ...19911368754
organ-dependent regulation of a plant promoter isolated from rice by 'promoter-trapping' in tobacco.a vector containing a transcriptionally inactive neomycin phosphotransferase ii gene was used to select promoter sequences from a pool of random genomic dna fragments. this paper describes how one such sequence (p4.7) isolated from oryza sativa acts as a hormonally regulated promoter in nicotiana tabacum. relative expression ratios in leaf, root, midrib, callus, and stem tissue of tobacco plants are 1:5:4:10:17. histochemical assays show that p4.7 activates the uida reporter gene throughout the ...19911844878
a homologue of a nuclear-coded iron-sulfur protein subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex i is encoded in chloroplast genomes.the chloroplast genomes of marchantia polymorpha, nicotiana tabacum, and oryza sativa contain open reading frames (orfs or potential genes) encoding homologues of some of the subunits of mitochondrial nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). seven of these subunits (nd1-nd4, nd4l, nd5, and nd6) are products of the mitochondrial genome, and two others (the 49- and 30-kda components of the iron-sulfur protein fraction) are nuclear gene products. these findings have been taken to indicate the pr ...19911901022
isolation and characterization of a rice gene encoding a basic chitinase.chitinase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine linkages of the fungal cell wall polymer chitin, is involved in inducible defenses of plants. a basic chitinase genomic sequence was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic library using a bean chitinase gene fragment as a probe. the complete nucleotide sequence of the rice chitinase rch10 gene was determined, and shown to contain an open reading frame with no introns, encoding a polypeptide of 336 amino acid ...19912034221
a novel ras-related rgp1 gene encoding a gtp-binding protein has reduced expression in 5-azacytidine-induced dwarf rice.exposure of normal, tall rice (oryza sativa) seedlings to 5-azacytidine, a powerful inhibitor of dna methylation in vivo, induced both demethylation of genomic dna and dwarf plants. genes that had been affected by treatment were identified by differential screening of a cdna library, and a ras-related gene, rgp1, was subsequently isolated. the cdna of rgp1 was found to encode a deduced protein sequence of 226 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 24850, which was most closely related to ...19911715972
magnaporthe grisea genes for pathogenicity and virulence identified through a series of backcrosses.we have identified genes for pathogenicity toward rice (oryza sativa) and genes for virulence toward specific rice cultivars in the plant pathogenic fungus magnaporthe grisea. a genetic cross was conducted between the weeping lovegrass (eragrostis curvula) pathogen 4091-5-8, a highly fertile, hermaphroditic laboratory strain, and the rice pathogen o-135, a poorly fertile, female-sterile field isolate that infects weeping lovegrass as well as rice. a six-generation backcrossing scheme was then un ...19912016048
cloning and characterization of repetitive dna sequences from genomes of oryza minuta and oryza australiensis.the value of genome-specific repetitive dna sequences for use as molecular markers in studying genome differentiation was investigated. five repetitive dna sequences from wild species of rice were cloned. four of the clones, pom1, pom4, poma536, and pompb10, were isolated from oryza minuta accession 101141 (bbcc genomes), and one clone, poa237, was isolated from oryza australiensis accession 100882 (ee genome). southern blot hybridization to different rice genomes showed strong hybridization of ...19911955157
dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern.a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ...19911777386
transgenic rice cell lines and plants: expression of transferred chimeric genes.cell suspension-derived rice (oryza sativa l.) protoplasts were transformed by direct gene uptake. peg-mediated transformation was more efficient than electroporation. plasmid dna containing a hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene (which confers hygromycin resistance) driven by the camv 35s promoter and a beta-d-glucuronidase (gus) gene under control of the 1', 2' double promoter of the mannopine synthase (mas) locus of agrobacterium tumefaciens was introduced into rice protoplasts. southern ...19911713479
the isolation and characterisation of plant sequences homologous to human hypervariable minisatellites.we have isolated dna probes, homologous to the human hypervariable minisatellite sequence 33.15, from the genome of rice (oryza sativa). these probes are capable of producing a multilocus rice dna fingerprint. the rice sequence has a tandem repeating structure based on a 12 bp gc-rich repeat which shows homology to its human counterpart. this probe detects up to 30 loci which are at a number of unlinked chromosomal sites. the gc-rich sequence is invariably associated with an open reading frame ( ...19911651259
a lipoxygenase pathway is activated in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea.lipoxygenase (lox) and lipid hydroperoxide-decomposing activity (lhda) markedly increased in the fifth leaves of rice (oryza sativa cv aichiasahi) after infection with the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe grisea. the increases in the enzyme activities were significantly higher in response to infection with an incompatible strain (race 131) compared with infection with a compatible strain (race 007) of the fungus. using ion-exchange chromatography, we isolated three lox activities (leaf lox-1, -2, ...199116668421
diversification of the rice waxy gene by insertion of mobile dna elements into introns.the waxy (wx) gene of oryza glaberrima was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. a waxy mutant of o. glaberrima showing a glutinous phenotype was found to contain a substitution mutation generating a termination codon in the coding region of the wx gene. the wx sequence of o. glaberrima was different from that of oryza sativa by substitutions and insertions/deletions, among which only a few substitutions occurred in several exons not to severely alter the amino acid sequence of the ...19911685658
mitochondrial enzymes in aerobically and anaerobically germinated seedlings of echinochloa and rice.activities of tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle enzymes in seedlings of barnyard grass (echinochloa phyllopogon (stapf.) koss) and rice (oryza sativa l.) germinated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated. in e. phyllopogon, development of tca-cycle enzyme activities during 10 d of anoxia generally paralleled those in air, although at lower rates. after 5 d, e. phyllopogon seedlings germinating under n2 exhibited 50-80% of the activity of seedlings grown in air, except for 2-oxoglu ...199124194241
effects of 3-methylgibberellin analogs on gibberellin 3β-hydroxylases and plant growth.six 3-methylgibberellin analogs were synthesized, and their effects on the ga 3β-hydroxylases from immature seeds of phaseolus vulgaris and cucurbita maxima, and/or on the growth of dwarf rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tan-ginbozu) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. spacemaster) were investigated. 3-methyl-ga5 and 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-ga9· inhibited the conversion of [2, 3-(3)h2]ga9 to [2-(3)h]ga4 by ga 3β-hydroxylases from both p. vulgaris and c. maxima at 3 μm and higher. their c/d-ring-rearra ...199227286375
surface structure and properties of plant seed oil bodies.storage triacylglycerols (tag) in plant seeds are present in small discrete intracellular organelles called oil bodies. an oil body has a matrix of tag, which is surrounded by phospholipids (pl) and alkaline proteins, termed oleosins. oil bodies isolated from mature maize (zea mays) embryos maintained their discreteness, but coalesced after treatment with trypsin but not with phospholipase a2 or c. phospholipase a2 or c exerted its activity on oil bodies only after the exposed portion of oleosin ...19921560029
use of green manure crops in control of hirschmanniella mucronata and h. oryzae in irrigated rice.four field experiments were conducted to study the effect of sesbania rostrata and aeschynomene afraspera as rotational and green manure crops on the population dynamics of hirschmanniella mucronata and h. oryzae, and subsequent rice yields. the sequential cropping of the legumes with rice controlled both nematode species. in two experiments, yield of rice was related to the nematode population denisites at planting and harvesting of the second rice crop (r(2) = 0.391, p < 0.001, and r(2) = 0.57 ...199219283213
on the role of abscisic acid and gibberellin in the regulation of growth in rice.submergence induces rapid elongation of rice coleoptiles (oryza sativa l.) and of deepwater rice internodes. this adaptive feature helps rice to grow out of the water and to survive flooding. earlier, we found that the growth response of submerged deepwater rice plants is mediated by ethylene and gibberellin (ga). ethylene promotes growth, at least in part, by increasing the responsiveness of the internodal tissue to ga. in the present work, we examined the possibility that increased responsiven ...199216668983
expression of "dehydrin-like" proteins in embryos and seedlings of zizania palustris and oryza sativa during dehydration.proteins inducible by dehydration and abscisic acid (aba), termed dehydrins or rab (responsive to aba) proteins, have been identified in a number of species and have been suggested to play a role in desiccation tolerance, particularly during seed development. seeds (caryopses) of north american wild rice (zizania palustris var interior [fassett] dore) are tolerant of dehydration to <10% moisture content (fresh weight basis) only under restricted dehydration and rehydration conditions. in compari ...199216668912
increased activity of a cationic peroxidase associated with an incompatible interaction between xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and rice (oryza sativa).rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar cas 209 carries the gene xa-10 for resistance to race 2 of xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen. when seedling leaves of cas 209 plants were infiltrated with bacterial cell suspensions of strain pxo86(rif) (race 2, incompatible), total peroxidase activity in extracts from extracellular spaces increased almost threefold between 16 and 24 hours after inoculation. the increase in total peroxidase activity in extracellular extracts was correlate ...199216668969
factors influencing agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of gusa in rice.transient expression of gus in rice (oryza sativa l.) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens was characterized using binary vectors containing gusa genes that express minimal (pkiwi105 and pcnl1) or no (p35s-gus-int and pcnl56) gus activity in bacteria. four-day old seedlings obtained from seeds or immature embryos of rice were cut into shoot, root, and seed remnants and inoculated with various strains of a. tumefaciens. transient gus expression events were quantitated histochemically by determin ...19921463839
genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus, xa21.nearly isogenic lines (nils) of rice (oryza sativa) differing at a locus conferring resistance to the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were surveyed with 123 dna markers and 985 random primers using restriction fragment length plymorphism (rflp) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. one chromosome 11 marker (rg103) detected polymorphism between the nils that cosegregated with xa21. all other chromosome 11 dna markers tested were monomorphic between the nils, localizing the ...19921362973
characterization of a plant sine, p-sine1, in rice genomes.we have previously found that a short interspersed element (sine), named p-sine1, is present in the waxy gene of oryza sativa in two copies. here, we cloned five members of p-sine1 located at other loci in o. sativa and determined their nucleotide sequences. these sequences had a t-rich pyrimidine tract at their defined 3' end and were flanked by direct repeats of a sequence of mostly 14-15 bp long like p-sine1s in the waxy gene. the consensus sequence derived from total seven members of p-sine1 ...19921326298
identification of an essential tyrosine residue in the catalytic site of a chitinase isolated from zea mays that is selectively modified during inactivation with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide.chitinase isolated from zea mays seeds is inactivated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc) in the absence of exogenous nucleophiles. oligomers of n-acetylglucosamine,n,n',n",n"'-tetra-n-acetylchitotetraose (glcnac4), and to a lesser extent, n,n',n"-tri-n-acetylchitotriose (glcnac3) and n,n'-di-n-acetylchitobiose (glcnac2) provide partial protection against inactivation by the reagent. an examination of the concentration dependence of the protection afforded by glcnac4 revealed ...19921740436
molecular characterization of cdna encoding for adenylate kinase of rice (oryza sativa l.).two types of genes (adk-a, and adk-b) encoding for adenylate kinase (ak, ec 2.7.4.3.) were isolated from the cdna library constructed from poly(a)+ rna of rice (oryza sativa l.). two cdnas were heterogeneous at 5' and 3' ends of non-coding sequences and had possible polyadenylation signals. one of the genes, adk-a, had 1154 bp sequences encoding 241 amino acid residues, while the other type, adk-b, contained 1085 bp sequences encoding for 243 amino acid residues. homology between adk-a and adk-b ...19921302636
isolation and characterization of cdna clones encoding cdc2 homologues from oryza sativa: a functional homologue and cognate variants.using probes obtained by pcr amplification, we have isolated two cognate rice cdnas (cdc2os-1 and cdc2os-2) encoding structural homologues of the cdc2+/cdc28 (cdc2) protein kinase from a cdna library prepared from cultured rice cells. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of cdc2os-1 and cdc2os-2 showed that they are 83% identical. they are 62% identical to cdc28 of saccharomyces cerevisiae and much more similar to the yeast and mammalian p34cdc2 kinases than to rice r2, a cdc2-related ...19921376401
efficiency of the 5'-terminal sequence (omega) of tobacco mosaic virus rna for the initiation of eukaryotic gene translation in escherichia coli.recent studies have demonstrated that the 5' leader (omega sequence) of tobacco mosaic virus rna has a certain enhancing capacity for translation of mrna in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in order to estimate the efficiency of omega to initiate translation of mrna in escherichia coli, in comparison to the shine-dalgarno (s/d) sequence, we have inserted eight different eukaryotic genes into two types of e. coli expression vectors containing one constitutive promoter (p1) but different translati ...19921396694
the wheat mitochondrial genome contains an orf showing sequence homology to the gene encoding the subunit 6 of the nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase.a region of the mitochondrial (mt) dna of wheat was studied because of its homology with other plant mtdnas. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 247 amino acids. comparison of the sequence of the putative polypeptide with the protein sequence data of the swiss-prot library reveals homology with subunit 6 of the nadh-ubiquinone complex of mitochondria from marchantia polymorpha, podospora anserina, chlamydomonas reinhardtii and of chloroplasts from m. polymo ...19921421143
co-transcription of orf25 and coxiii in rice mitochondria.southern hybridization analysis using homologous maize probes indicated that orf25 and coxiii are closely linked in the mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar ir36. the two coding regions were found on the same 5.1 kb bamhi fragment, and this fragment was cloned, mapped and partially sequenced. using probes for each gene derived from the rice clone, a 2.4 kb dicistronic mrna transcript was found containing both orf25 and coxiii coding regions. multiple 5' ends were identified by pr ...19921617739
expression of a maize ubiquitin gene promoter-bar chimeric gene in transgenic rice plants.we have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of the promoter, first exon, and first intron of a maize ubiquitin gene (ubi-1) and the coding sequence of the bar gene from streptomyces hygroscopicus. this construct was transferred into rice (oryza sativa l.) protoplasts via electroporation, and 10 plants were regenerated from calli that had been selected for resistance to exogenously supplied bialaphos. transgenic plants grown in a greenhouse were resistant to both bialaphos and phosphinothricin ...199216653150
elicitation of diterpene biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) by chitin.cell-free extracts of uv-irradiated rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves have a much greater capacity for the synthesis from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate of diterpene hydrocarbons, including the putative precursors of rice phytoalexins, than extracts of unstressed leaves (ka wickham, ca west [1992] arch biochem biophys 293: 320-332). an elicitor bioassay was developed on the basis of these observations in which 6-day-old rice cell suspension cultures were incubated for 40 hours with the substance to be ...199216668985
a sulfonylurea herbicide resistance gene from arabidopsis thaliana as a new selectable marker for production of fertile transgenic rice plants.a mutant acetolactate synthase (als) gene, csr1-1, isolated from sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant arabidopsis thaliana, was placed under control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s). rice protoplasts were transformed with the 35s/als chimeric gene and regenerated into fertile transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants. the 35s/als gene was expressed effectively as demonstrated by northern blot hybridization analysis, and conferred to transformed calli at least 200-fold greater chlorsulfur ...199216653044
regeneration of herbicide resistant transgenic rice plants following microprojectile-mediated transformation of suspension culture cells.suspension cells of oryza sativa l. (rice) were transformed, by microprojectile bombardment, with plasmids carrying the coding region of the streptomyces hygroscopicus phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (pat) gene (bar) under the control of either the 5' region of the rice actin 1 gene (act1) or the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. subsequently regenerated plants display detectable pat activity and are resistant to basta(tm), a phosphinothricin (ppt)-based herbicide. dna gel blot a ...199224213292
transfer of bacterial blight and blast resistance from the tetraploid wild rice oryza minuta to cultivated rice, oryza sativa.oryza minuta j. s. presl ex c. b. presl is a tetraploid wild rice with resistance to several insects and diseases, including blast (caused by pyricularia grisea) and bacterial blight (caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). to transfer resistance from the wild species into the genome of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), backcross progeny (bc1, bc2, and bc3) were produced from interspecific hybrids of o. sativa cv 'ir31917-45-3-2' (2n=24, aa genome) and o. minuta acc. 101141 (2n=48, bbcc genom ...199224203194
changes in cytosolic glutamine synthetase polypeptide and its mrna in a leaf blade of rice plants during natural senescence.changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of their corresponding mrnas have been investigated in segments of the 13th leaf of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l.) plants during natural senescence. the leaf blade on the main stem at early (0 day), middle (15 days), and late (25 days) stages of senescence was harvested and cut into 18 or 19 segments, 2 centimeters in length from the base to the tip. the amount ...199216668795
chromosome location of oryza sativa recombination linkage groups.in situ hybridization, a powerful tool for the molecular cytogeneticist, can be used to physically map repetitive, low-copy, and unique dna sequences in plant chromosomes. with the availability of a recombination map in oryza sativa l. and an improved in situ hybridization technique, this study was designed to establish the relationship between the genetic and physical distances of the rice restriction fragment length polymorphism map. analysis indicated that considerable variation can exist bet ...19921356266
co(2) enhancement of growth and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa) : modification by increased ultraviolet-b radiation.two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) ir-36 and fujiyama-5 were grown at ambient (360 microbars) and elevated co(2) (660 microbars) from germination through reproduction in unshaded greenhouses at the duke university phytotron. growth at elevated co(2) resulted in significant decreases in nighttime respiration and increases in photosynthesis, total biomass, and yield for both cultivars. however, in plants exposed to simultaneous increases in co(2) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation, co(2) enha ...199216668910
cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in japan.the grain yield of rice (oryza sativa l.), as well as of other cereal crops, is limited to a large extent, by the supply of photosynthates produced during grain filling period. in this study, flag leaf photosynthesis (lps) after heading was compared among 32 cultivars bred during the past century in japan, to determine if the improvement of lps has occurred with the breeding advance of high yielding cultivars. measurement of lps was made for 5 consecutive years in the paddy field, on the flag le ...199224408284
nucleotide sequence of the rice (oryza sativa) em protein gene (emp1). 19921623185
nucleotide sequences of two cdna clones encoding different cu/zn-superoxide dismutases expressed in developing rice seed (oryza sativa l.). 19921623183
auxin and growth regulation of rice coleoptile segments : molecular analysis.auxin-stimulated elongation of apical segments of rice (oryza sativa l. cv arborio) coleoptiles occurring in the first 4 hours of treatment has been studied. cell extension promoted in the first 2 hours by 10 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is specifically auxin-dependent, whereas after 4 hours, elongation also depends on endogenous production of ethylene. similar to other systems, rice coleoptile cell elongation stimulated by auxin requires continuous synthesis of rna and protein. two-dim ...199216668666
effects of anoxia on mitochondrial biogenesis in rice shoots: modification of in organello translation characteristics.shoots of germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings are able to grow under anoxia and to withstand long periods of anoxic treatment. mitochondria were purified from aerobically germinated and anaerobically treated rice shoots by differential and isopycnic centrifugation and were found to consist of two subpopulations. the mitochondrial subpopulation of higher density was used for further characterization. ultrastructural studies showed anaerobic mitochondria to be significantly different from ...199216668655
the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene from oryza sativa. 19921536936
characterization and genetic mapping of a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice (oryza sativa l.).a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice was characterized using a combination of techniques and genetically mapped to rice chromosomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a consensus sequence (ggc)n, where n varies from 13-16, for the repeated sequence family was deduced from sequence analysis. southern blot analysis, restriction mapping of repeat element-containing genomic clones, and dna sequence analysis indicated that the repeated sequence is in ...19921347144
characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription from the promoter of a constitutively active rice actin gene.the promoter of the constitutively expressed rice (oryza sativa) actin 1 gene (act1) is highly active in transformed rice plants (w. zhang, d. mcelroy, and r. wu, plant cell 3:1150-1160, 1991). a region 834 bp upstream of the act1 transcription initiation site contains all the regulatory elements necessary for maximal gene expression in transformed rice protoplasts (d. mcelroy, w. zhang, j. cao, and r. wu, plant cell 2:163-171, 1990). we have constructed a series of act1 promoter deletions fused ...19921630454
molecular cloning and characterization of gravity specific cdna in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension callus.rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) suspension callus was exposed to gravity stress at 450,000 g for 2 hours, after which poly(a)+rna was isolated and a cdna library was constructed. three different gravity specific cdnas, namely, gsc 128, gsc 233 and gsc 381 of 0.67, 0.60 and 0.68 kilobase pairs and transcripts of 1.9, 1.6 and 2.0 kb, respectively, were isolated by differential screening and northern hybridization. the maximum level of transcript was achieved after 4 hours of exposure to gra ...19921363521
characterization and solubilization of β-glucan synthases from cultured rice cells.two types of β-glucan synthases, gs-i and gs-ii, were found in cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l.). in glycerol density gradient centrifugation, gs-i activity peak co-migrated with a marker enzyme of the golgi membrane, while gs-ii co-migrated with the plasma membrane. analysis of the reaction products of gs-i and gs-ii, suggested that gs-i and gs-ii were mainly β-1,4,- and β-1,3-glucosyltransferases, respectively. gs-i had a higher substrate affinity for udp-glucose than gs-ii, and needed div ...199227320988
mitochondrial genome structure of rice suspension culture from cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms): reappraisal of the master circle.the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the cultured cells of a cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms) of rice (oryza sativa) was cloned and its physical map was constructed. there was structural alteration on the mitochondrial genome during the cell culture. detailed restriction analysis of cosmid clones having mtdna fragments suggested either that the master genome has a 100-kb duplication (the genome size becomes 450 kb) or that a master circle is not present in the genome (the net structural com ...199224202508
foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance of rice and white bean in response to so2 and o3, singly and in combination.plants of rice (oryza sativa) and white bean (phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 524 microg m(-3) so2, 392 microg m(-3) o3 and a mixture of both gases, i.e. 524 microg m(-3) so2 and 392 microg m(-3) o3 to determine the visible foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance. response of leaf diffusive resistance was measured on upper and lower surfaces of leaves, i.e. the two unifoliate leaves of bean and the first, second and third primary leaves of rice. the difference in the response may be due ...199215092013
green and non-green callus induction from excised rice (oryza sativa) embryos: effects of exogenous plant growth regulators.calli were induced either from excised rice embryos or from whole seeds in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa. after 12 days of culture, calli were induced only from excised rice embryos. we found that excised embryos accumulated naa up to 6 times higher concentration than did whole seeds. in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa and 2 to 10 mg l-1 kinetin, chlorophyllous calli were induced from excised rice embryos. chlorophyll contents in the callus tissue increased with increasing kinetin concentr ...199211537753
nucleotide sequence of a high-pi rice (oryza sativa) -amylase gene. 19921731997
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