Publications

adulteration of foodstuffs: from misleading to poisoning. experiences of a new eu member state (hungary) on the threshold of market economy.	the increasing number of food producers, and the outstanding amount of import foodstuffs enables the producers to mislead and cheat consumers. to differentiate those who take advantage of legal rules from the ones who commit food adulteration is very difficult. the consciousness of consumers would be crucial. however, how can we expect consequent behavior from them regarding controversial issues emerging day by day? in addition, ignorance and unfair market behavior may endanger consumer health a ...	2005	15702595
use and impact of ehealth system by low-income women with breast cancer.	this article is the second of a two-part series reporting on a population-based study intended to use an ehealth system to examine the feasibility of reaching underserved women with breast cancer (gustafson, mctavish et al., reducing the digital divide for low-income women with breast cancer, 2004; madison center for health systems research and analysis, university of wisconsin; comprehensive health enhancement support system [chess]) and determine how they use the system and what impact it had ...	2005	16377608
children with early refusal to eat: follow-up in adolescence.	to describe the adolescent outcome of infant refusal to eat (rte) and to investigate early predictors of adolescent outcomes.	2005	16203671
prefrontal white matter in pathological liars.	studies have shown increased bilateral activation in the prefrontal cortex when normal individuals lie, but there have been no structural imaging studies of deceitful individuals.	2005	16199789
solo hand surgery.	unassisted hand surgery is being undertaken by necessity for both elective and emergency cases, due to hospital resource restrictions. the authors outline the principles of local anesthesia, surgeon-controlled tourniquet techniques, and a number of new instruments which allow a surgeon to work in comfort and safety, unassisted. the traditional surgical instruments designed for the days when trained surgical assistants were available to hold them are no longer suitable. we are entering a new era ...	2005	24223015
[the prokaryotic expression and the establishment of the putative indirect elisa assay for the ha gene for avian influenza virus (aiv) h5n1 subtype].	using a pair of specific primers designed according to the relevant nucleotide sequence from genbank, the ha1 gene of h5n1 subtype aiv was amplified with pcr method. the pcr product was cloned into pet-32a(+) to get a prokaryotic recombinant plasmid pet-ha1. the target gene was successfully expressed in the host cell bl21 (de3) when induced with iptg. the expression was optimized with proper inducing conditions of 0.8 mmol/l iptg and 3 hours induction. the highest expression of the target protei ...	2005	15847164
hypermutability impedes cooperation in pathogenic bacteria.	when the supply of beneficial mutations limits adaptation, bacterial mutator alleles can reach high frequencies by hitchhiking with advantageous mutations. however, when populations are well adapted to their environments, the increased rate of deleterious mutations makes hypermutability selectively disadvantageous. here, we consider a further cost of hypermutability: its potential to break down cooperation (group-beneficial behavior that is costly to the individual). this probably occurs for thr ...	2005	16271876
children's eating attitudes test: revised factor structure for adolescent girls.	the eating attitude test (eat) and its language-simplified version for children (cheat) have been popular instruments for the assessment of eating attitudes among children, adolescents and young adult females.	2005	16755166
psychometric properties of the eating attitudes test and children's eating attitudes test in croatia.	the factor structure of the children's version of the eating attitudes test (cheat) and eating attitudes test (eat-26) were examined in croatian girls of different ages. a self-report survey was given to 225 girls (grades 5 to 8), 525 high school girls (grades 9 to 12), and 646 female university students. factor analysis revealed the existence of four factors for cheat, and three interpretable factors for eat-26. internal consistency of both instruments was satisfactory. 10.3% of school girls sc ...	2005	16682865
modelling of carbohydrate-aromatic interactions: ab initio energetics and force field performance.	aromatic amino acid residues are often present in carbohydrate-binding sites of proteins. these binding sites are characterized by a placement of a carbohydrate moiety in a stacking orientation to an aromatic ring. this arrangement is an example of ch/pi interactions. ab initio interaction energies for 20 carbohydrate-aromatic complexes taken from 6 selected ultra-high resolution x-ray structures of glycosidases and carbohydrate-binding proteins were calculated. all interaction energies of a pyr ...	2005	16607570
continuously moving table 3d mri with lateral frequency-encoding direction.	a method is presented for 3d mri in an extended field of view (fov) based on continuous motion of the patient table and an efficient acquisition scheme. a gradient-echo mr pulse sequence is applied with lateral (left-right (l/r)) frequency-encoding direction and slab selection along the direction of motion. compensation for the table motion is achieved by a combination of slab tracking and data alignment in hybrid space. the method allows fast k-space coverage to be achieved, especially when a s ...	2006	16598723
labile zinc concentration and free copper ion activity in the rhizosphere of forest soils.	water-soluble and acid-extractable cu and zn, water-soluble organic carbon (wsoc), ph, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry-labile zn (znl), zn2+ activity (windemere humic aqueous model [wham]; http://chess.ensmp.fr/ chemsites.html), and cu2+ activity with an ion-selective electrode were compared between the rhizosphere and the bulk components of nine acidic forest sites from southeastern canada. at all sites, the wsoc contents were higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk component ...	2006	16566146
multilayer x-ray optics at chess.	almost half of the x-ray beamlines at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) are based on multilayer optics. ;traditional' multilayers with an energy resolution of deltae/e approximately 2% are routinely used to deliver x-ray flux enhanced by a factor of 10(2) in comparison with standard si(111) optics. sagittal-focusing multilayers with fixed radius provide an additional factor of 10 gain in flux density. high-resolution multilayer optics with deltae/e approximately 0.2% are now rou ...	2006	16495620
bureaucracy won't change the character of a cheat.		2006	16482126
you couldn't make it up. or could you?	revalidation is the new method by which doctors in the uk will stay on the medical register. most doctors will take the appraisal route to revalidation--that is, they will undergo annual appraisals and five successful appraisals will result in revalidation. so there is a lot riding on appraisal. but it relies almost completely on trust. and in a situation that is based on absolute trust there are endless opportunities for that trust to be broken. doctors will be encouraged to look at how they ar ...	2006	16627330
academic cheating as a function of defense mechanisms and object relations.	this study examined relationships between academic cheating behaviors by using self-reports of past cheating behavior, providing a situational experiment with the opportunity to cheat, and evaluating defense mechanisms and object relations as measured by the defense mechanisms inventory. subjects included 75 female and 8 male university students ranging in age from 18 to 51 years (m=25.5, sd=6.9). analysis showed variations in students' self-reported cheating history relative to their measured o ...	2006	16933657
effects of part-set cuing on experienced and novice chess players' reconstruction of a typical chess midgame position.	a typical midgame chess position was presented to participants for 30 sec. participants then reconstructed the presented position on a second board from memory. following a brief distraction phase, participants were asked to reconstruct the position a second time with 0, 6, or 12 of the original pieces present. it was hypothesized that cue presentation during second reconstruction would be more disruptive to experienced players' recall than to novices'. recall was measured in terms of correct pi ...	2006	16916144
advanced beamline automation for biological crystallography experiments.	an automated crystal-mounting/alignment system has been developed at lawrence berkeley national laboratory and has been installed on three of the protein-crystallography experimental stations at the advanced light source (als); it is currently being implemented at synchrotron crystallography beamlines at chess, nsls and the aps. the benefits to using an automounter system include (i) optimization of the use of synchrotron beam time, (ii) facilitation of advanced data-collection techniques, (iii) ...	2006	16855300
planning abilities and chess: a comparison of chess and non-chess players on the tower of london task.	playing chess requires problem-solving capacities in order to search through the chess problem space in an effective manner. chess should thus require planning abilities for calculating many moves ahead. therefore, we asked whether chess players are better problem solvers than non-chess players in a complex planning task. we compared planning performance between chess ( n=25) and non-chess players ( n=25) using a standard psychometric planning task, the tower of london (tol) test. we also assess ...	2006	16848944
the glance software package.	we describe the glance software package, which takes advantage of tablet pc technology to control experiments that require participants to reconstruct complex stimuli, as with the chase and simon (1973) chess reconstruction task, and to present tests that require participants to refer briefly to critical displays, as with the digit-symbol task. participants press the space bar, which allows access to the stimulus and, simultaneously, prohibits drawing on the tablet. at release of the space bar-- ...	2006	16817514
fluctuation in the physical environment as a mechanism for reinforcing evolutionary transitions.	we hypothesize a mechanism for reinforcing transitions between levels of selection, involving physiological homeostasis and amplification of variation in the physical environment. groups experience a stronger selection pressure than individuals for homeostasis with respect to reproductively limiting variables, because their greater longevity exposes them more often to suboptimal physical conditions, and greater physical size means they encompass a larger fraction of any resource/nutrient gradien ...	2006	16797597
image scoring and cooperation in a cleaner fish mutualism.	humans are highly social animals and often help unrelated individuals that may never reciprocate the altruist's favour. this apparent evolutionary puzzle may be explained by the altruist's gain in social image: image-scoring bystanders, also known as eavesdroppers, notice the altruistic act and therefore are more likely to help the altruist in the future. such complex indirect reciprocity based on altruistic acts may evolve only after simple indirect reciprocity has been established, which requi ...	2006	16791194
expertise and age effects on knowledge activation in chess.	novice, intermediate, and expert chess players of various ages, playing with two chess pieces on a quarter-section of a chessboard, performed a simple task to detect that the king is in check or is threatened with being in check. age slowed response for both tasks. an interaction of task and skill revealed differences in diminishing response time between check and threat tasks as skill increased; experts were equally fast on both tasks. measures of speed and working memory were negatively relate ...	2006	16768584
a complete database of international chess players and chess performance ratings for varied longitudinal studies.	chess is an oft-used study domain in psychology and artificial intelligence because it is well defined, its performance rating systems allow ea sy identification o f experts and their development, andchess playing is a complex intellectual task however, usable computerized chess data have been very limited. the present article has two aims. the first is to highlight the methodological value of chess data and how researchers can use them to address questions in quite different areas. the second i ...	2006	17393842
determination of pymetrozine residues in cucumber.	an experiment was carried out to investigate the residues of pymetrozin in cucumber under field conditions. plots of cucumber (cv. daminus) were sprayed with pymetrozine (chess, wg50) at two different rates; 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha. samples were collected 2 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after spraying and pymetrozin residues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with uv detector. two hours after spraying, the residues was 0.326 mg/kg for 0.5 kg/ha treatment. the residues decreas ...	2006	17390775
security of quantum bit string commitment depends on the information measure.	unconditionally secure nonrelativistic bit commitment is known to be impossible in both the classical and the quantum world. however, when committing to a string of n bits at once, how far can we stretch the quantum limits? in this letter, we introduce a framework of quantum schemes where alice commits a string of n bits to bob, in such a way that she can only cheat on a bits and bob can learn at most b bits of information before the reveal phase. our results are twofold: we show by an explicit ...	2006	17280334
reformulation of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat): factor structure and scoring method in a non-clinical population.	the primary aims of this study were to empirically test the factor structure of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and to interpret the factor structure of the cheat within the context of a new scoring method. the cheat was administered to 728 children in the 2nd through 6th grades (from five schools) at two different time points. exactly half the students were male and half were female. to the best of our knowledge, this is the ...	2006	17272950
sex differences in intellectual performance: analysis of a large cohort of competitive chess players.	only 1% of the world's chess grandmasters are women. this underrepresentation is unlikely to be caused by discrimination, because chess ratings objectively reflect competitive results. using data on the ratings of more than 250,000 tournament players over 13 years, we investigated several potential explanations for the male domination of elite chess. we found that (a) the ratings of men are higher on average than those of women, but no more variable; (b) matched boys and girls improve and drop o ...	2006	17201785
success in chess mediated by mental molds.	research has revealed the impact of cognitive-affective strategies (molds of the mind) on subjective well-being, interpersonal relationships, or school achievement. however, it seems odd that such strategies could influence the success of chess players, because this game is usually considered to be influenced mainly by technical and cognitive skills. to examine the influence of cognitive-affective molds, 53 chess players, ages from 9 to 16 years old, enrolled in sport competitions, were assigned ...	2006	17296106
characteristics, prevalence, attitudes, and perceptions of academic dishonesty among pharmacy students.	to ascertain background factors that influence pharmacy students' willingness to cheat, describe attitudes regarding methods of cheating, assess prevalence of cheating and determine atmospheres that may aid in preventing academic dishonesty.	2006	17136192
[in vivo proton mr spectroscopy of normal liver parenchyma: technique and results].	to analyze the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic data ( (1)h mrs) of normal liver parenchyma with regard to age, sex, body mass index and location in the liver.	2006	17128381
association of depression with body mass index, sedentary behavior, and maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors in 11 to 13-year old children.	we examined the relation of different behavioral dimensions of depression with weight-related variables (bmi percentile, sedentary behavior, eating attitudes, and weight control behaviors) in children aged 11 to 13 years. depression was assessed using the children's depression inventory (cdi). sedentary behavior was measured in 45 sixth grade students (23 boys and 22 girls) using a validated 24-hour recall instrument, the self-administered physical activity checklist. bmi was calculated directly ...	2006	17075232
visuomotor priming of a manual reaching movement during a perceptual decision task.	this paper deals with the mental simulation of manual movement that sometimes accompanies the visual perception of an object. previous studies investigated how visual objects prime the grasping manual movement they afford. the principal purpose of the present experiment was to determine if such visuomotor priming also concerns the reaching manual movement that visual objects afford. during a perceptual decision task, 32 subjects were asked to grasp a proximal or distal switch, as fast and accura ...	2006	17069774
smoking cessation via the internet: a randomized clinical trial of an internet intervention as adjuvant treatment in a smoking cessation intervention.	internet interventions for smoking cessation are ubiquitous. yet, to date, there are few randomized clinical trials that gauge their efficacy. this study is a randomized clinical trial (n= 284, n= 140 in the treatment group, n= 144 in the control group) of an internet smoking cessation intervention. smokers were randomly assigned to receive either bupropion plus counseling alone, or bupropion and counseling in addition to 12 weeks of access to the comprehensive health enhancement support system ...	2006	17491172
comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) for people with hiv infection.	we investigated the utility and the pattern of use of the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess), an internet based consumer health informatics system for people living with hiv/aids. eight patients utilized chess for 4 months. the total number of log-ins ranged between 1 and 93 (median 21), with a median of 4.6 per month (0.2-21.8). discussions group was the service most frequently accessed; the referral directory and fat assessment services were requested the least. the barrie ...	2006	16400508
non-invasive temperature imaging with thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (tmdotma-).	non-invasive thermometry using hyperfine-shifted mr signals from paramagnetic lanthanide complexes has attracted attention recently because the chemical shifts of these complexes are many times more sensitive to temperature than the water 1h signal. among all the lanthanide complexes examined thus far, thulium tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (tmdotma-) appears to be the most suitable for mr thermometry. in this paper, the feasibility of imaging the methyl 1h sign ...	2006	16404728
superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise.	superior cognitive performance can be viewed from an intelligence perspective, emphasising general properties of the human information processing system (such as mental speed and working memory), and from an expertise perspective, highlighting the indispensable role of elaborated domain-specific knowledge and acquired skills. in exploring its neurophysiological basis, recent research has provided considerable evidence of the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence, indicating lower and more ...	2006	16624674
capillary zone electrophoretic determination of phenolic compounds in chess (bromus inermis l.) plant extracts.	a simple cze method for quantification of phenolic compounds (vanillin, cinnamic, sinapic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, benzoic, p-coumaric, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, rosmarinic, caffeic, gallic and protocatechuic acids) in less than 10 min using 20 mm sodium tetraborate (ph 9.2) with 5% v/v methanol as a bge and with uv detection at 254 nm is described. the lods (3 s/n) ranged between 0.02 and 0.12 microg/ ml. repeatabilities (rsds) were 0.66-1.8 and 1.56-4.23% for migration times and peak ...	2006	16524108
family-based behavioural treatment of obesity: acceptability and effectiveness in the uk.	to assess the acceptability and impact of family-based behavioural treatment (fbbt) for childhood obesity in a clinical setting in the uk.	2006	16340947
diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (dwibs): technical improvement using free breathing, stir and high resolution 3d display.	to examine a new way of body diffusion weighted imaging (dwi) using the short ti inversion recovery-echo planar imaging (stir-epi) sequence and free breathing scanning (diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression; dwibs) to obtain three-dimensional displays.	2006	15468951
dynamic perception in chess.	the present study examines the dynamic aspects of perceptual processes in expert chess players. this topic is approached in terms of the anticipation processes carried out by experienced players during the encoding of chess positions. the aim of the first experiment, which used a short-term comparison task, was to stress the role of anticipation, which allows expert players to focus their attention on the area of the studied position where they expect the likely standard move to occur. the secon ...	2006	16618642
sbar: a shared mental model for improving communication between clinicians.	the importance of sharing a common mental model in communication prompted efforts to spread the use of the sbar (situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) tool at osf st. joseph medical center, bloomington, illinois.	2006	16617948
4. the use and misuse of performance-enhancing substances in sport.	doctors need to know if a patient is an athlete subject to drug testing, and to be aware of the legal situation surrounding drugs they prescribe such patients. antidoping laws generally exist in order to provide a safe and fair environment for participation in sport. these laws should prevent and protect athletes from subjecting themselves to health risks through the use of unsafe, but performance-enhancing drugs. because of difficulties in proving intent to cheat, the world anti-doping agency e ...	2006	16460300
iq, visuospatial ability and the gender divide: a reply to bilalić and mcleod.	bilalic and mcleod's arguments fall short on several grounds. there are excellent logical reasons to expect strong ability/chess expertise links and specific research evidence to date is sparse, with mixed findings. data are presented from georgia, which has a high female participation rate in chess, which suggest that differing gender motivation levels and participation rates impact relatively little on chess performance differences at the extreme.	2006	16441965
how intellectual is chess? -- a reply to howard.	howard's (2005) claim that male dominance in chess is 'consistent with the evolutionary psychology view that males predominate at high achievement levels at least partly because of ability differences' (p. 378) is based on the premise that top level chess skill depends on a high level of iq and visuospatial abilities. this premise is not supported by empirical evidence. in 1927 djakow et al. first showed that world-class chess players do not have exceptional intellectual abilities. this finding ...	2006	16441964
hopelessness is associated with decreased heart rate variability during championship chess games.	clinical observations suggest that negative affects such as helplessness/hopelessness (he/ho) may induce autonomic duration; affects were assessed for every move after reconstruction of the games. in all games compiled, 18 situation of intense confidence/optimism and 20 of intense helplessness/hopelessness were observed.	2006	12883118
[pathological convolutions of internal carotid arteries as one of the causes of visual dysfunction in children].	visual evoked potentials (vep) in response to reverse chess patterns were studied in 68 patients aged 7-14 years with pathological convolutions of internal carotid arteries and 25 healthy children. the latent period was increased and the amplitude of p100 peak decreased in the patients, which was indicative of dysfunction of the visual route. vep changed at early stages of cerebral circulation insufficiency. the relationship between hemodynamic parameters and vep values was proven. increased lat ...	2006	11569171
[several remarks apropos of quantitative psychopathology].	there is no contradiction between rating scales and clinical judgment: the former represent only a codification of the latter. there is no contradiction either between clinical judgment and statistical judgment. rating scales are elaborated with hopes of quantifying symptomatology and its change under treatment. in the field of comprehensive scales, let us mention the amdp, the bprs/bphf, the imps and the pse. among depression scales, the hamd is being superseded by the madrs; our department has ...	2006	2864789
[chess player, visitor from a distant star, captain on a great river: freud and bateson--on the controversy between psychoanalysis and systems theory].		2006	3562398
[evoked potentials during treatment to restore vision in children with various degrees of amblyopia].	visual evoked potentials to reversed chess patterns have been examined in children with dysbinocular and refraction amblyopia of varying severity before and after pleoptic treatment. this method appears to be helpful for the prediction of the visual results and for monitoring the vision acuity restoration during the treatment of amblyopia in children.	2006	2728167
[the effect of occlusion of the better seeing eye on the function of the visual system in children with unilateral amblyopia].	vision acuity and visual evoked potentials (vep) to a homogeneous light field and chess field reversion were studied in children aged 5-6 years with unilateral amblyopia before and after 3-month direct total occlusion of the intact eye. occlusion of the intact eye resulted in improvement of the vision acuity and vep of the amblyopic eye, that correlated with the degree of amblyopia. at the same time examinations of the intact eyes revealed reduced amplitude of vep to large and increased latency ...	2006	8279109
[visual evoked potentials in chessboard pattern reversion in children with optic neuritis].	visual evoked potentials (vep) to chess pattern reversion were studied in 17 children with optic neurites during the acute stage and in the course of convalescence 1-2 months and 1-3 years after the disease onset. coarse vep changes were detected in the patients during the acute stage of optic neuritis. a positive time course of vep was followed up in late periods after the acute attack of the disease. despite normalization of vision acuity, no complete restoration of vep to small-cell chess pat ...	2006	1755170
[visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of visual acuity in infants].	vision acuity was assessed by visual evoked potentials (vep) in response to low-frequency chess pattern reversion in 31 full-term healthy babies aged 6 to 28 weeks. the mean vision acuity of babies aged 6 to 9 weeks was 0.5 +/- 0.01, of those aged 16 to 18 weeks 0.1 +/- 0.01; in babies aged 24 to 26 weeks vision acuity was at least 0.14, but still lower than in normal-sighted adults. the authors emphasize the advantages of low-frequency chess pattern reversion in assessment of vision acuity from ...	2006	7483199
[possibilities of the use of visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of visual acuity in congenital myopia in children].	studies of visual evoked potentials (ep) to chess field reversion in 80 children (147 eyes) aged 5 to 16 with congenital myopia have demonstrated significant deviations from the reference values of the p100 component to all the stimuli. the clinical groups with various changes in the fundus oculi were found to differ by the p100 component amplitude when chess fields with cells 112 and 56 angular min in size were shown. the number of discrepancies between the clinical vision acuity and its assess ...	2006	1585538
[visual evoked potentials in children with congenital glaucoma].	phasic and established visual evoked potentials (vep) to homogeneous light field and chess patterns were studied in 25 patients (48 eyes) aged 1.5 months to 9 years with different stages of congenital glaucoma and in 114 age-matched healthy children. patients with almost absolute and far progressed stages of the disease presented with gross changes of vep to both large- and small-cell chess patterns. in patients with the initial stages of decompensated congenital glaucoma vep to mostly large-cel ...	2006	1585529
chess, oedipus, and the mater dolorosa.		2006	14437108
the problem of the identical twin as reflected in a masochistic compulsion to cheat.		2007	13640763
[the meaning of chess in a case of autism].		2007	13466618
chess: the comprehensive health enhancement support system. a computer based program for patients and families.		2007	10614238
patients unhappy, aha/picker say.	the american hospital association and the picker institute say americans want more information and empowerment from their providers. fully one-third of those surveyed by the organizations say they have problems getting answers to important health-related questions. marketers need to reconsider their own assessments of patient satisfaction and get patients more information. chess, a computerized information-distribution package, provides one elegant--and cost-saving--example.	2007	10165821
[studies on cerebral visual evoked potentials in the differential diagnosis of macular edema and obscration amblyopia in children with artiphakia].	the cerebral cortex visual evoked potentials (vep) to chess pattern reversion have been examined in 41 healthy children (41 eyes) and in 25 children (25 eyes) with artiphakia after traumatic cataract extraction, with macular edemas (me) in 12 of these and obscuration amblyopia (oa) in 13. comparison of the amplitude-time parameters of the vep and of treir relationship with the cell size and the chess pattern contrast has shown a characteristic feature of me, i. e. an increased peak latency (pl) ...	2007	2728165
fat-saturated diffusion-weighted imaging of the rat pelvis using three-dimensional mp-rage mr sequence.	in this work we report on the development of a novel technique for fat-saturated three-dimensional (3d) diffusion-weighted (dw) mri sequence based upon 3d magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3d-mp-rage). in order to saturate fat, two kinds of procedures were competed chess-dw-3d-mp-rage sequence (chess-3d-dwi) and dw-3d-mp-we-rage sequence (we-3d-dwi) "chemical shift selective: chess method vs. water-excitation: we method". the chess-3d-dwi sequence and we-3d-dwi sequence were compared i ...	2007	18002386
high relatedness selects against hypermutability in bacterial metapopulations.	mutation rate and cooperation have important ecological and evolutionary consequences and, moreover, can affect pathogen virulence. while hypermutability accelerates adaptation to novel environments, hypermutable lineages ('mutators') are selected against in well-adapted populations. using the model organism pseudomonas aeruginosa, we previously demonstrated a further potential disadvantage to hypermutability, namely, that it can accelerate the breakdown of cooperation. we now investigate how th ...	2007	17374597
feedback quality and environmentally friendly use of domestic central heating systems.	the study examined the influence of system-embedded feedback on user behaviour during the environmentally friendly operation of a central heating system. a pc-based simulation, called chess, was developed to model the critical features of a central heating system. after having received 30 min of training on the simulation task, 60 participants worked on a series of operational scenarios under different levels of system feedback. in addition to the collection of various performance measures (e.g. ...	2007	17457742
high relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants.	the control of cheating is important for understanding major transitions in evolution, from the simplest genes to the most complex societies. cooperative systems can be ruined if cheaters that lower group productivity are able to spread. kin-selection theory predicts that high genetic relatedness can limit cheating, because separation of cheaters and cooperators limits opportunities to cheat and promotes selection against low-fitness groups of cheaters. here, we confirm this prediction for the s ...	2007	17496139
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant clostridium perfringens beta 2-toxin.	clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. the virulence of c. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta2-toxin is a 28 kda exotoxin produced by c. perfringens. it is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. the recombinant express ...	2007	17554168
the making of an expert.	popular lore tells us that genius is born, not made. scientific research, on the other hand, reveals that true expertise is mainly the product of years of intense practice and dedicated coaching. ordinary practice is not enough: to reach elite levels of performance, you need to constantly push yourself beyond your abilities and comfort level. such discipline is the key to becoming an expert in all domains, including management and leadership. those are the conclusions reached by ericsson, a prof ...	2007	17642130
the role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development.	the potential role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development was brought into focus by gene expression analyses in mice (p dolle, jc izpisua-belmonte, h falkenstein, a renucci, d duboule, nature 1989, 342:767-772), at a time when limb growth and patterning were thought to depend upon two distinct and rather independent systems of coordinates; one for the anterior-to-posterior axis and the other for the proximal-to-distal axis (see d duboule, p dolle, embo j 1989, 8:1497-1505). over the pas ...	2007	17644373
in vivo mri volumetric measurement of prostate regression and growth in mice.	mouse models for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer are valuable tools, but assessing the extent of growth of the prostate and particularly its regression due to therapeutic intervention or castration is difficult due to the location, small size and interdigitated anatomy of the prostate gland in situ. temporal monitoring of mouse prostate regression requires multiple animals and examination of histological sections.	2007	17650332
water chemistry-based classification of streams and implications for restoring mined appalachian watersheds.	we analyzed seasonal water samples from the cheat and tygart valley river basins, west virginia, usa, in an attempt to classify streams based on water chemistry in this coal-mining region. we also examined temporal variability among water samples. principal component analysis identified two important dimensions of variation in water chemistry. this variation was determined largely by mining-related factors (elevated metals, sulfates, and conductivity) and an alkalinity-hardness gradient. cluster ...	2007	17665675
the influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice.	although the importance of high motivation to engage in deliberate practice has been acknowledged, no research has directly tested this hypothesis. therefore, the present study examined this relation in adolescent elite chess players by means of a questionnaire. in addition, to provide an explanation for dropout among promising chess players, differences in motivation between persistent and dropout chess players were analyzed. competitiveness and the will to excel proved to be predictors of inve ...	2007	18089893
[urodynamic test with self reduction of the cystocele in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction].	the association of cystocele and urodynamic lower urinary tract obstruction is frequent, occasionally not being possible to rule out intrinsic obstruction of bladder neck and urethra. with the aim to confirm the obstructive character of the cystocele we performed at test consisting in manual reduction of the cystocele by the patient herself, to check if by this simple manoeuvre the urodynamic parameters of obstruction disappear or diminish.	2007	18077862
understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: what role do chunks play?	there is a crucial debate concerning the nature of chess chunks: one current possibility states that chunks are built by encoding particular combinations of pieces-on-squares (poss), and that chunks are formed mostly by "close" pieces (in a "euclidean" sense). a complementary hypothesis is that chunks are encoded by abstract, semantic information. this article extends recent experiments and shows that chess players are able to perceive strong similarity between very different positions if the pi ...	2007	21635325
staff engagement: it starts with the leader.	nursing cannot grow stronger unless we can recruit and sustain a cadre of engaged, spirited, and involved leaders. the body is designed to work most effectively in a series of 90-minute increments with a recovery time in between. the science of leadership/management can be seen as a game of chess where the pieces can move in all directions all over the board based on the uniqueness of each player. creating an optimistic culture where people feel they have hope and freedom to grow and mature will ...	2007	17990626
brain localization of memory chunks in chessplayers.	chess experts store domain-specific representations in their long-term memory; due to the activation of such representations, they perform with high accuracy in tasks that require the maintenance of previously seen information. chunk-based theories of expertise (chunking theory: chase & simon, 1973; template theory: gobet & simon, 1996) state that expertise is acquired mainly by the acquisition and storage in long-term memory of familiar chunks that allow quick recognition. this study tested som ...	2007	17987468
[factors associated with eating behavior in pre-adolescents].	the goals of this study are the preliminary spanish adaptation and validation of the following questionnaires: the children's eating attitudes test (cheat), the lawrence self-esteem questionnaire (lawseq) and the body esteem scale (bes). in addition, we studied bodily self-esteem in pre-adolescent children, and their possible relation to certain eating attitudes and general self-esteem. this study is cross-sectional, analytical and observational. the sample was made up of 457 participants, 55.14 ...	2007	17959121
a deliberate practice account of typing proficiency in everyday typists.	the concept of deliberate practice was introduced to explain exceptional performance in domains such as music and chess. we apply deliberate practice theory to intermediate-level performance in typing, an activity that many people pursue on a regular basis. sixty university students with several years typing experience participated in laboratory sessions that involved the assessment of abilities, a semistructured interview on typing experience as well as various typing tasks. in line with tradit ...	2007	17924799
integrity of scientific data: transparency of clinical trial data.	the integrity of the data from clinical trials and of its use is an essential element of the scientific method, and of the trust one can have in this method. there are many examples of fraud, and they recur regularly. the objective of this round table was to work on the definition of fraud, on its recognition and prevention especially in the institutional system. fraud involves an active decision to cheat, and ranges from trying to hide incompetence to wholesale invention of data, patients or st ...	2007	17803887
[ethical behavioral standards of medical students on examinations and studies].	in recent years the medical literature has reflected an increasing interest in the medical ethics of physicians and medical students. studies have shown that cheating in medical school is frequent enough to cause concern, that there is a positive correlation between students' ethical attitude and their ethical behavior and between cheating in school and cheating in patient care.	2007	17760395
blood brain barrier: the role of pyridoxine.	the central nervous system (cns) is a closed system guarded by the blood brain barrier (bbb), with a complicated network of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons engaged in selective neurophysiological mechanisms. exploration for a molecule such as a cofactor, hormone, enzyme, signaling molecule, or second messenger (collectively addressed as chess as we proceed), which has the ability to cross the bbb will be the goal of this hypothesis. the ratio of amino acids (aa) to neuro ...	2007	20532028
checkers is solved.	the game of checkers has roughly 500 billion billion possible positions (5 x 10(20)). the task of solving the game, determining the final result in a game with no mistakes made by either player, is daunting. since 1989, almost continuously, dozens of computers have been working on solving checkers, applying state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques to the proving process. this paper announces that checkers is now solved: perfect play by both sides leads to a draw. this is the most chal ...	2007	17641166
nonlinear dynamics in combinatorial games: renormalizing chomp.	we develop a new approach to combinatorial games that reveals connections between such games and some of the central ideas of nonlinear dynamics: scaling behaviors, complex dynamics and chaos, universality, and aggregation processes. we take as our model system the combinatorial game chomp, which is one of the simplest in a class of "unsolved" combinatorial games that includes chess, checkers, and go. we discover that the game possesses an underlying geometric structure that "grows" (reminiscent ...	2007	17614671
moral hazard, doctors, and absenteism in france. preliminary analysis based on aggregate data.	this article provides a simple and preliminary study of variations in the number of days of work lost to illness and injury in france, over time and across jurisdictions. we test the hypothesis that workers use their physicians to cheat the system and increase their leisure time paid for by the sickness fund. firstly, using time series analysis, we check that change in the unemployment rate correlates unequivocally and negatively with the absence rate. we then show, based on geographical aggrega ...	2007	17583459
false promises: females spurn cheating males in a field cricket.	females commonly prefer to mate with males that provide greater material benefits, which they often select using correlated male signals. when females select higher-benefit males based on correlated signals, however, males can potentially deceive females by producing exaggerated signals of benefit quality. the handicap mechanism can prevent lower-quality males from producing exaggerated signals, but cannot prevent cheating by higher-quality males that choose to withhold the benefit, and this pos ...	2007	17567551
a multilevel model analysis of expertise in chess across the life span.	the authors examined longitudinal change in chess skill using a multilevel model analysis of a large database of active, elite chess players (n = 5,011). parameters estimated from quadratic growth curves indicated that the age of peak performance occurs later in life than originally proposed and that this peak is independent of initial skill level. the findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that aging is slightly kinder to the initially more able, who show milder decline past their pea ...	2007	17563184
the neural network involved in a bimanual tactile-tactile matching discrimination task: a functional imaging study at 3 t.	the cerebral and cerebellar network involved in a bimanual object recognition was studied in blood oxygenation dependent level functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri).	2007	17546450
moves management: chess or dancing?	major gift professionals have benefited for many years from using the moves management system to help plan and track the activities of the donor cultivation cycle. but what are the implications of this process if it is "played" like a chess game? only by shifting the focus from "chess moves" which are "all about us" to "dance steps" which are "all about them," can we develop close, meaningful and successful relationships with our donors.	2007	17523496
what strategic planning can do for you.	whether it's playing chess or planning for retirement, we all have strategies for different situations in our lives. so why not apply, strategies in our practice ? companies such as dell, wal-mart, and home depot have depended on strategic plans to generatel millions of dollars and guide their organizations into the future. although most of our practices are not nearly as large as these companies (except maybe kaiser permanente), formulating strategies for our practice is vital for future growth ...	2007	17494484
individual differences in chess expertise: a psychometric investigation.	starting from controversies over the role of general individual characteristics (especially intelligence) for the attainment of expert performance levels, a comprehensive psychometric investigation of individual differences in chess expertise is presented. a sample of 90 adult tournament chess players of varying playing strengths (1311-2387 elo) was screened with tests on intelligence and personality variables; in addition, experience in chess play, tournament participation, and practice activit ...	2007	16942740
cheating prevention in visual cryptography.	visual cryptography (vc) is a method of encrypting a secret image into shares such that stacking a sufficient number of shares reveals the secret image. shares are usually presented in transparencies. each participant holds a transparency. most of the previous research work on vc focuses on improving two parameters: pixel expansion and contrast. in this paper, we studied the cheating problem in vc and extended vc. we considered the attacks of malicious adversaries who may deviate from the scheme ...	2007	17283763
the role of domain-specific practice, handedness, and starting age in chess.	the respective roles of the environment and innate talent have been a recurrent question for research into expertise. the authors investigated markers of talent, environment, and critical period for the acquisition of expert performance in chess. argentinian chess players (n = 104), ranging from weak amateurs to grandmasters, completed a questionnaire measuring variables including individual and group practice, starting age, and handedness. the study reaffirms the importance of practice for reac ...	2007	17201516
evolution of robotic arms.	the foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. this is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with emphasis on surgical applications. we have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. there is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dextrous devices, more degrees-of-freedom, and capabilities beyond the h ...	2007	25484945
the effects of time pressure on chess skill: an investigation into fast and slow processes underlying expert performance.	the ability to play chess is generally assumed to depend on two types of processes: slow processes such as search, and fast processes such as pattern recognition. it has been argued that an increase in time pressure during a game selectively hinders the ability to engage in slow processes. here we study the effect of time pressure on expert chess performance in order to test the hypothesis that compared to weak players, strong players depend relatively heavily on fast processes. in the first stu ...	2007	17186308
social and family correlates of eating problems and muscle preoccupation in young adolescents.	this study examined the unique contribution of a number of social and familial factors to body change strategies and eating problems in youths. a sample of non-clinical adolescents aged 10 to 16 years (n=405) completed a modified version of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) and questionnaires for measuring various social and familial factors that may play a role in the etiology of eating problems and muscle preoccupation. regression analyses indicated that specific eating disorder-rel ...	2007	17174855
response of fish and macroinvertebrate bioassessment indices to water chemistry in a mined appalachian watershed.	multimetric indices based on fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are commonly used to assess the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. however, their response to specific stressors is rarely known. we quantified the response of a fish-based index (mid-atlantic highlands index of biotic integrity, mah-ibi) and a benthic invertebrate-based index (west virginia stream condition index, wv-sci) to acid mine drainage (amd)-related stressors in 46 stream sites within the cheat river wa ...	2007	17387548
developmental considerations in measuring children's disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.	this study examined the discriminant ability of the children's version of the eating attitudes test (cheat) clinical cut-off in a low/low-middle socioeconomic status, non-clinical sample of primarily hispanic and non-hispanic white (caucasian) girls aged 8 to 12. we investigated how age, age-standardized body mass index (z-bmi), body dissatisfaction, body esteem, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms contributed to disordered eating status in 152 girls. girls scoring at/above the cheat clinical c ...	2007	17336792
participation rates and the difference in performance of women and men in chess.	the superiority of men over women in chess has been cited as evidence that there are fundamental differences in male and female intelligence (howard, 2005a, 2006; irwing & lynn, 2005). an alternative interpretation of the difference is that it is due to differential male and female participation rates in chess (charness & gerchak, 1996; bilalić & mcleod, 2006; chabris & glickman, in press). this has been dismissed by howard (2006) on the grounds that changes in the difference in skill level betw ...	2007	17331269
student plagiarism and professional practice.	with the ever-increasing availability and accessibility of the internet, students are able to access a multitude of resources in support of their studies. however, this has also led to an increase in their ability to cheat through plagiarising text and claiming it as their own. increased pressures of balancing work and study have contributed to this rise. not only confined to the student population, some academics are also guilty of engaging in this practice providing a less than favourable role ...	2007	16624455
doctor-patient relationship as motivation and outcome: examining uses of an interactive cancer communication system.	to examine how the pre-existing doctor-patient relationship predicts conceptually distinct service use within an interactive cancer communication system (iccs) for underserved women with breast cancer and in turn how service utilization influences the doctor-patient relationship.	2007	16460995
estimated age effects in athletic events and chess.	rates of decline are estimated using record bests by age for chess and for various track and field, road running, and swimming events. using a fairly flexible functional form, the estimates show linear percent decline between age 35 and about age 70 and then quadratic decline after that. chess shows much less decline than the physical activities. rates of decline are generally larger for the longer distances, and for swimming they are larger for women than for men. an advantage of using best-per ...	2008	17132563