Publications

apparent role of phosphatidylcholine in the metabolism of petroselinic acid in developing umbelliferae endosperm.	studies were conducted to characterize the metabolism of the unusual fatty acid petroselinic acid (18:1cis[delta]6) in developing endosperm of the umbelliferae species coriander (coriandrum sativum l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.). analyses of fatty acid compositions of glycerolipids of these tissues revealed a dissimilar distribution of petroselinic acid in triacylglycerols (tag) and the major polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). petroselinic acid comprised ...	1994	12232131
inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate production in plant cells: stimulation by the venom peptides, melittin and mastoparan.	the ability of the amphiphilic peptides, melittin and mastoparan, to modulate the production of inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate in cultured plant (daucus carota l.) cells was investigated. when added to intact cells melittin and mastoparan caused a rapid and dose-dependent increase in inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate concentrations. in isolated protoplasts, inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate levels were 12- to 16-fold higher than in the corresponding cells and neither melittin nor mastoparan was able to sign ...	1994	7999106
production and analysis of asymmetric hybrid plants between monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and dicotyledon (daucus carota l.).	asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained from fused protoplasts of a monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and a dicotyledon (daucus carota l.). x-ray-irradiated protoplasts isolated from a cytoplasmic malesterile (cms) carrot suspension culture were fused with iodoacetoamide-treated protoplasts isolated from a 5-methyltryptophan (5mt)-resistant rice suspension culture by electrofusion. the complementary recovered cells divided and formed colonies, which were then cultivated on regeneration medium suppl ...	1994	24177855
ammonium assimilation and the role of [gamma]-aminobutyric acid in ph homeostasis in carrot cell suspensions.	in vivo 15n nmr spectroscopy was used to monitor the assimilation of ammonium by cell-suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l. cv chantenay). the cell suspensions were supplied with oxygen in the form of either pure oxygen ("oxygenated cells") or air ("aerated cells"). in contrast to oxygenated cells, in which ammonium assimilation had no effect on cytoplasmic ph, ammonium assimilation by aerated cells caused a decrease in cytoplasmic ph of almost 0.2 ph unit. this led to a change in nitr ...	1994	12232346
high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dietary fibre in raw and processed carrots.	an hplc method was developed to determine dietary fibre in carrots (daucus carota l.). primary hydrolysis of dietary fibre residue was performed with 12 m h2so4 for 2 h at 40 degrees c and secondary hydrolysis with 0.414 m h2so4 for 3 h at 100 degrees c. for the neutralization step prior to injection, ag4-x4 resin (bio-rad) was used. neutral monosaccharides were separated using an hpx-87p column (bio-rad). this method was applied for evaluation of the quantitative variation of dietary fibre cont ...	1994	7921187
chlorsulfuron resistance in daucus carota cell lines and plants:involvement of gene amplification.	daucus carota l. cell lines stably resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron (cs) have been isolated according to a stepwise selection. studies carried out during different selection steps show that the specific activity of the target enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) increases along with cs resistance. southern hybridization analysis performed with abrassica napus ahas probe in a cs highly-resistant cell line reveals the presence of a greatly amplifiedecori fragment of genomic dna. this in ...	1994	24186104
voltage-dependent calcium-permeable channels in the plasma membrane of a higher plant cell.	numerous biological assays and pharmacological studies on various higher plant tissues have led to the suggestion that voltage-dependent plasma membrane ca2+ channels play prominent roles in initiating signal transduction processes during plant growth and development. however, to date no direct evidence has been obtained for the existence of such depolarization-activated ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. carrot suspension cells (daucus carota l.) provide a well-suited s ...	1994	8039493
production of somatic hybrids between daucus carota l. and nicotiana tabacum.	protoplasts of a kanamycin-resistant (kr, nuclear genome), streptomycin-resistant (sr, chloroplast genome) and chlorophyll-deficient (a1, nuclear genome) nicotiana tabacum (kr-sa) cell suspension cultures or x-ray-irradiated mesophyll protoplasts of kanamycin- and streptomycin-resistant green plants (kr-sr) were fused with protoplasts of a cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) daucus carota l. cell suspension cultures by electrofusion. somatic hybrid plants were selected for kanamycin resistance and th ...	1994	24185885
physiological aspects of genome variability in tissue culture. ii. growth phase-dependent quantitative variability of repetitive bstni fragments of primary cultures of daucus carota l.	systematic investigations on the occurrence of differential dna replication in carrot cultures, expressed at the total genome level, were performed. the genome of daucus carota l. could be characterized by a pattern of repetitive bstni fragments that was independent of tissue specificity or cultivar differences. characterization of the genomic dna of the secondary phloem of carrot roots, in comparison to the dna of the induced primary cultures at different growth phases, revealed dramatic differ ...	1995	24169922
physiological aspects of genome variability in tissue culture. i. growth phase-dependent differential dna methylation of the carrot genome (daucus carota l.) during primary culture.	investigations were performed on growth phase-dependent ecorii site-specific dna methylation of the carrot genome during primary culture to elucidate physiological aspects of genome dna variability in tissue culture. while dna methylation of the root cambium and the secondary phloem and petioles of carrot leaves were strikingly different, the methylation level of the secondary phloem seemed to be independent of cultivar origin, the age of the plants and the extent of secondary root growth. as wa ...	1995	24169921
callose synthesis in spirostanol treated carrot cells is not triggered by cytosolic calcium, cytosolic ph or membrane potential changes.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were treated with a spirostanol saponin from yucca. this saponin is an elicitor of callose synthesis. irrespectively of the mode of action of spirostanol on the callose synthase activity itself, the spirostanol-induced callose synthesis in carrot is not preceded by changes in membrane potential, cytosolic free calcium or cytosolic ph. the inability of modulators of cytosolic free calcium content (verapamil, nifedipine and br-a23187), egta and a proton p ...	1995	8564297
inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial dna in alloplasmic forms of the genus daucus.	the inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) dna in the progeny from interspecific crosses between the cultivated carrot (daucus carota sativus) and wild forms of the genus daucus was investigated by analysis of mt and ct rflps in single plants of the parental and filial generations. we observed a strict maternal inheritance of the organellar dnas in all interspecific crosses examined. previous studies on putative f2 plants from a cross between daucus muricatus x d. carota sativus ...	1995	24169891
mitochondrial dna diversity and male sterility in natural populations of daucus carota ssp carota.	mitochondrial variability was investigated in natural populations of wild carrot (daucus carota ssp carota) in different regions: south of france, greece, and various sites in the mediterranean basin and asia. total dna was digested with two restriction endonucleases (ecorv and hindiii) and probed with three mitochondrial dma-specific genes (coxi, atp6, and coxii). twenty-five different mitochondrial types were found in 80 analyzed individuals. thirteen mitotypes were found among the 7 french po ...	1995	24169681
association of multiple gtp-binding proteins with the plant cytoskeleton and nuclear matrix.	several types of gtp-binding proteins exist in plant cells. these include the ras-related low-molecular-weight monomeric gtp-binding proteins and the multi-subunit group which more closely resembles members of the mammalian heterotrimeric g-protein family. proteins belonging to both of these families are known to be involved in cell signalling events and have until recently been assumed to be associated predominantly with membranes. we have investigated the possibility that gtp-binding proteins ...	1995	7741751
biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of sucrose synthase from daucus carota.	sucrose synthase (ec 2.4.1.13) from carrot (daucus carota) is a tetramer with a molecular mass of 320 kd and subunits of 80 kd. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 7.0 (cleavage direction). maximal activities were measured at 55 degrees c. the km for suc was estimated as 87 mm and for udp as 0.39 mm. fructose acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant of 17.2 mm. in contrast, glucose inhibits carrot sucrose synthase uncompetitively with an inhibition constant of 4.3 mm. cdna clone ...	1995	7784526
the effects of mastoparan on the carrot cell plasma membrane polyphosphoinositide phospholipase c.	when [3h]inositol-labeled carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were treated with 10 or 25 microm wasp venom peptide mastoparan or the active analog mas-7 there was a rapid loss of more than 70% of [3h]phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (pip) and [3h]phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) and a 3- and 4-fold increase in [3h]inositol-1,4-p2 and [3h]inositol-1,4,5-p3, respectively. the identity of [3h]inositol-1,4,5-p3 was confirmed by phosphorylation with inositol-1,4,5-p3 3-kinase and co-migra ...	1995	7716245
heat shock disrupts cap and poly(a) tail function during translation and increases mrna stability of introduced reporter mrna.	the effect of heat shock on translational efficiency and message stability of a reporter mrna was examined in carrot (daucus carota). heat shock of short duration resulted in an increase in protein yield, whereas repression was observed following extended exposure to the stress. regardless of the duration of the heat shock, a loss in the function of the 5[prime] cap [m7g(5[prime])ppp(5[prime])n, where n represents any nucleotide] and the 3[prime] poly(a) tail, two regulatory elements that work i ...	1995	12228574
comparative study of the fermentative characteristics of inulin and different types of fibre in rats inoculated with a human whole faecal flora.	it is known that the physico-chemical characteristics of fibre modify their fermentation characteristics in the colon. previously we showed the varying effects of inulin and different types of fibre on the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (xme) in initially germ-free rats inoculated with a human, methanogenic, whole-faecal flora (roland et al. 1994). the aim of the present work was to assess whether or not these effects could be related to differences in production of ferme ...	1995	7547841
cloning of a carrot cdna for a member of the family of adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) and characterization of the binding of nucleotides by its product after expression in e. coli.	a cdna clone, designated dcarf1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from embryogenic cell clusters of daucus carota and characterized. the cdna (883 bp) contained an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 181 amino acid residues with significant homology to the adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) of animals and yeast. the dcarf1-related transcripts were detected at a nearly constant level during somatic embryogenesis. the dcarf1-encoded protein was expressed as a fusion protein in e. co ...	1995	7551586
nucleotide sequence of the atpase a- and b-subunits of the halophilic archaebacterium haloferax volcanii and characterization of the enzyme.	using pcr with degenerate oligonucleotides, we amplified two conserved regions of the plasma membrane atpase a (alpha)- and b (beta)-subunit-encoding genes from haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon. the amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced, and then used as homologous probes to clone genomic restriction fragments, one of which contained the nearly complete atpa- and atpb-gene. to complete the latter one, we sequenced a region of an overlapping fragment using synthetic oligonucleoti ...	1995	7599166
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from glycine max.	cdnas encoding the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from glycine max were isolated and sequenced. the 1794 base full length cdna contains a single open reading frame of 1593 bases. the predicted size of the encoded protein is 530 amino acids with a molecular weight of 59,707. the protein has two domains: a 226 residue dhfr domain in the n-terminus, which is over 30% identical to human dhfr or the dhfr domain of protozoal dhfr-ts, and a 304 residue thymidylate synthase (t ...	1995	7742362
hepatoprotective activity of carrot (daucus carota l.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver.	the effect of carrot extract on carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced acute liver damage was evaluated. the increased serum enzyme levels (viz., glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenase) by ccl4-induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with the extract. the extract also decreased the elevated serum bilirubin and urea content due to ccl4 administration. increased activities ...	1995	7500638
orf250 encodes a second subunit of an abc-type heme transporter in oenothera mitochondria.	a highly transcribed region in oenothera mitochondria codes for an open reading frame comprising 250 condons (orf250). this open reading frame shows high sequence similarity to the helc gene of rhodobacter capsulatus which encodes a subunit of a proposed abc-type heme transporter. transcripts of orf250 are edited by cytidine to uridine transitions at 29 sites, altering 10% of all encoded amino acids. genes homologous to helc have also been found in the bacteria bradyrhizobium japonicum and esche ...	1995	7862087
purification and characterization of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase from carrot suspension culture cells.	previously we reported the presence of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (pi 4-kinase) in carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells (c.m. okpodu, w. gross, w.f. boss [1990] plant physiol 93: s-63). we have purified the enzyme over 1000-fold using q-sepharose ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, and g-100 gel filtration column chromatography. the mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 by gel filtration. pi 4-kinase activity was recovered after renaturation of the 80-kd region of pol ...	1995	12228376
increased putrescine biosynthesis through transfer of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna in carrot promotes somatic embryogenesis.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing 3[prime]-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (odc) cdna under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. a neomycin phosphotransferase gene linked with a nopaline synthase promoter was used to select transformed cell lines on kanamycin. although the nontransformed cells contained no odc, high amounts of mouse-specific odc activity were observed in the transformed cells. transgenic ...	1995	12228581
expression of dc8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis.	dc8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) protein gene isolated from carrot (daucus carota). deletion analysis of the dc8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for aba and seed-specific regulation of dc8 transcription. to investigate the mechanism of dc8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing dc8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (dc8:gus) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (nicotiana tobacum) and arabidops ...	1996	8704145
isolation and characterization of a diverse set of genes from carrot somatic embryos.	the early events in plant embryogenesis are critical for pattern formation, since it is during this process that the primary apical meristems and the embryo polarity axis are established. however, little is known about the molecular events that are unique to the early stages of embryogenesis. this study of gene expression during plant embryogenesis is focused on identifying molecular markers from carrot (daucus carota) somatic embryos and characterizing the expression and regulation of these gen ...	1996	8938424
dna methylation and dc8-gus transgene expression in carrot (daucus carota l.).	dna methylation has been associated with gene activity in differentiating and developing plant tissues. the objective of this study was to determine the involvement of methylation in the expression of a gene transferred into carrot (daucus carota l.) tissues by particle bombardment. expression of the dc8-gus gene construct in response to treatments with 5-azacytidine (s-azac) and to in vitro methylation by methylases was investigated by histochemical assay of gus activity. the 5-azac treatment i ...	1996	24178214
cloning of a cdna encoding dna topoisomerase i in daucus carota and expression analysis in relation to cell proliferation.	dna topoisomerase i is an enzyme involved in several processes related to dna metabolism. despite the physiological importance, the regulation of top1 gene expression has not yet been investigated in plants. in order to monitor the possible correlation between levels of top1 transcripts and the proliferative state of the cell, two partially overlapping cdnas encoding dna topoisomerase i from daucus carota have been isolated from a poly(a)(+)-primed library, using an arabidopsis thaliana probe, a ...	1996	8996105
quantification of contact oviposition stimulants for black swallowtail butterfly,papilio polyxenes, on the leaf surfaces of wild carrot,daucus carota.	ovipositing black swallowtail butterflies,papilio polyxenes, make their final host-selection decisions on the basis of compounds present on the leaf surface. little information is available, however, on the chemistry of leaf surfaces. the purpose of this study was to develop a technique to extract and quantify the concentrations of compounds from the leaf surfaces ofdaucus carota, one of the main host species forp. polyxenes, with particular reference to compounds already identified as contact o ...	1996	24227308
purification and characterization of neutral and alkaline invertase from carrot.	neutral and alkaline invertase were identified in cells of a suspension culture of carrot (daucus carota l.) and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. neutral invertase is an octamer with a molecular mass of 456 kd and subunits of 57 kd, whereas alkaline invertase is a tetramer with a molecular mass of 504 kd and subunits of 126 kd. both enzymes had sharp ph profiles, with maximal activities at ph 6.8 for neutral invertase and ph 8.0 for alkaline invertase, and both hydrolyzed sucrose with ty ...	1996	8972597
isozyme patterns in zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of carrot.	isozyme patterns of carrot (daucus carota l.) zygotic embryos between the torpedo stage up to 5-day-old seedlings have been compared with those of the similar stages from the embryogenic cell suspension culture to the late somatic plantlet. somatic embryos blocked at the torpedo stage by β-cyclodextrine have also been analyzed. all these stages have been analyzed with respect to seven different enzyme systems: arylesterase, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehy ...	1996	24178665
evidence for opposing effects of calmodulin on cortical microtubules.	microtubule integrity within the cortical array was visualized in detergent-lysed carrot (daucus carota l.) protoplasts that were exposed to various exogenous levels of ca2+ and calmodulin (cam). cam appears to help stabilize cortical microtubules against the destabilizing action of ca2+/cam complexes at low ca2+ concentrations, but not at higher ca2+ concentrations. the hypothesis that cam interacts with microtubules at two different sites, determined by the concentration of ca2+, is supported ...	1996	12226434
a new protoplast culture system in daucus carota l. and its applications for mutant selection and transformation.	petiole protoplasts from in vitro-grown carrot plants are a very good alternative to traditionally obtained protoplasts from suspension cultures. high plating and regeneration efficiencies were obtained in most of the breeding lines that were tested. the embedding of the protoplasts in alginate was crucial for initiating cell division and further development. several streptomycin resistant and chlorophyll-deficient plant lines were selected for using the petiole protoplast system. maternally inh ...	1996	24162412
the effects of exogenous auxins on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid metabolism (the implications for carrot somatic embryogenesis).	the effect of auxin application on auxin metabolism was investigated in excised hypocotyl cultures of carrot (daucus carota). concentrations of both free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), [2h4]iaa, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) were measured by mass spectroscopy using stable-isotope-labeled internal standards. [13c1]naa was synthesized for this purpose, thus extending the range of auxins that can be assayed by stable-isotope techniques. 2,4-dichlorophe ...	1996	12226408
purification and characterization of a wound-inducible cell wall cationic peroxidase from carrot roots.	we have isolated a novel cell wall, cationic peroxidase (pi > 9.3) from roots of the carrot plant, daucus carota. the purified isozyme, referred to as cp > 9.3, has a molecular mass of 45 kilodaltons and an reinheitzahl value of 2.3. amino-acid composition analysis and n-terminal sequencing have been performed with cp > 9.3. the n-terminal sequence shows no homology to any sequence in the protein and nucleic acid data banks. cp > 9.3 activity is induced by wounding in carrot leaves and petioles; ...	1996	8806623
molecular characterization and functional analysis of sucrose-cleaving enzymes in carrot (daucus carota l.).	the amount of carbon transported into storage organs of crop plants to a large degree determines crop yield. the role of sucrose-cleaving enzymes in this process is not clear and it is the main goal of our work to tackle this question. sucrose cleavage is catalysed either by invertase or sucrose synthase both of which exist in several isoforms with different subcellular locations. carrot (daucus carota l.) contains three major isoenzymes of acid invertase, which either accumulate as soluble poly ...	1996	21245247
characterization of membrane properties in desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant carrot somatic embryos.	in previous studies, we have shown that carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos acquire complete desiccation tolerance when they are treated with abscisic acid during culture and subsequently dried slowly. with this manipulable system at hand, we have assessed damage associated with desiccation intolerance. fast drying caused loss of viability, and all k+ and carbohydrates leached from the somatic embryos within 5 min of imbibition. the phospholipid content decreased by about 20%, and the free ...	1996	12226295
visualization of plant cell walls by atomic force microscopy.	atomic force microscopy has been used to visualize the ultrastructure of hydrated plant cell wall material from prepared apple (malus pumila mill; cox orange pippin), water chestnut (eleocharis dulcis l.), potato (solanum tuberosum l.; bintje), and carrot (daucus carota l.; amsterdamse bak) parenchyma. samples of cell wall material in aqueous suspension were deposited onto freshly cleaved mica. excess water was blotted away and the moist samples were imaged in air at ambient temperature and humi ...	1996	8785273
structural and functional characterization of the intergenic spacer region of the rdna in daucus carota.	the intergenic spacer (igs) region of rdna in daucus carota contains at least eight kinds of repeated sequence. one sequence may act as a genuine initiation site for a stable transcript and another may act as a spacer promoter that may be an entry site for proteins required for transcription.	1996	8665099
extracellular calmodulin-binding proteins in plants: purification of a 21-kda calmodulin-binding protein.	a 21-kda calmodulin (cam)-binding protein and a 19-kda calmodulin-binding protein were detected in 0.1 m cacl2 extracts of angelica dahurica l. suspension-cultured cells and carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension-cultured cells, respectively, using a biotinylated cauliflower cam gel-overlay technique in the presence of 1 mm ca(2+). no bands, or very weak bands, were shown on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels overlayed with biotinylated cauliflower cam when 1 mm ca(2+) ...	1996	28321660
variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the pectic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli and correlations with the size of cell clusters.	carrot (daucus carota l.) embryogenic callus (ec) loses its embryogenic competence and becomes non-embryogenic callus (nc) during long-term culture. with the loss of embryogenic competence, the cell clusters become smaller and the extent of intercellular attachments is reduced. pectic fractions prepared from ec and nc were separated into two subfractions by gel filtration. a difference in sugar composition between ec and nc was found only in the high-molecular-mass (ca. 1300 kda) subfraction, an ...	1996	8727449
purification and characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in cell-suspension cultures of daucus carota l.	the major anthocyanins accumulated by an afghan cultivar of daucus carota l. are cyanidin 3-(xylosylglucosylgalactosides) acylated with sinapic or ferulic acid. the formation of the branched triglycoside present as a common structural element requires an ordered sequence of glycosylation events. two of these enzymic glycosylation reactions have been detected in protein preparations from carrot cell-suspension cultures. the first step is a galactosyl transfer catalyzed by udp-galactose: cyanidin ...	1996	8717136
malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plant tissue cultures: lc-ms determination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives.	the cytologically active secondary lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (mda) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hne) have been detected as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (dnp) derivatives in plant tissue cultures using lc-ms. this paper reports, for the first time, the use of lc-ms methodology to definitively identify 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plants. limits of detection for the two derivatives are approximately 5 pmol (1.2 x 10(-9) g; 1 microm) and 0.1 pmol (3 x 10(-11) g; 20 nm) respectively. ma ...	1997	9350430
action spectrum for induction of promoter activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by uv in carrot suspension cells.	the full-length promoter (-2335) of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (gdcpal1) fused to the luciferase reporter gene was transiently transformed to carrot protoplasts by electroporation, and the promoter activity induced by monochromatic uv light of various wavelengths was examined. the action spectrum constructed from the fluence-response curves showed a single peak at around 280 nm, suggesting that the activation of the gdcpal1 promoter is categorizable as one of the ...	1997	9337617
peripheral framework of carrot cell nucleus contains a novel protein predicted to exhibit a long alpha-helical domain.	a monoclonal antibody, cml-1, raised against carrot (daucus carota l.) nuclear-matrix proteins selectively labeled the nuclear periphery of carrot protoplasts when visualized by confocal and electron microscopy. to identify the constituent proteins of higher plant cells structurally homologous to the vertebrate nuclear lamina, we cloned overlapping cdnas partially encoding a cml-1-recognized protein and determined the entire sequence including the open reading frame. when the deduced amino acid ...	1997	9141634
distinction between endoplasmic reticulum-type and plasma membrane-type ca2+ pumps (partial purification of a 120-kilodalton ca2+-atpase from endomembranes).	two biochemical types of ca2+-pumping atpases were distinguished in membranes that were isolated from carrot (daucus carota) suspension-cultured cells. one type hydrolyzed gtp nearly as well as atp, was stimulated by calmodulin, and was resistant to cyclopiazonic acid. this plasma membrane (pm)-type pump was associated with pms and endomembranes, including vacuolar membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum (er). another pump ("er-type") that was associated mainly with the er hydrolyzed atp prefere ...	1997	12223624
polyamines and pectins (i. ion exchange and selectivity).	the ion-binding and -exchange properties of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine on purified walls of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were investigated by producing ion-exchange isotherms and comparing them with the behavior of na+, mg2+, and ca2+. the cation exchange capacity of the carrot cell walls was 0.8 equivalent kg-1 dry matter, and the ionic selectivity sequence of the walls for polyamines followed the sequence spermine4+ > spermidine3+ [almost equal to] ca2+ > putrescine2+. ...	1997	12223613
rhamnogalacturonan ii, a dominant polysaccharide in juices produced by enzymic liquefaction of fruits and vegetables.	rhamnogalacturonan ii (rg-ii), a small complex pectic polysaccharide, is released from apple (malus domestica), carrot (daucus carota), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) by treatment with two commercial liquefying enzyme preparations. rg-ii was isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from apple, tomato, and carrot juices obtained by enzymic liquefaction. all the rg-iis contained the diagnostic sugars, apiose, 2-o-methyl-l-fucose, 2-o-methyl-d-xylose, aceric acid, kdo and dha. glycosyl-linkage ...	1997	9060185
atltp1 luciferase expression during carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) ep2 gene encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) which is expressed during protoderm formation in developing embryos. to develop a vital reporter system for gene expression during somatic embryo development a 1.1 kb fragment of the arabidopsis thaliana ltp1 promoter was fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) coding sequence. the atltp1 luciferase expression pattern in transformed carrot suspension cultures was identical to the expression pattern of the endogenous carr ...	1997	9418058
plant 21d7 protein, a nuclear antigen associated with cell division, is a component of the 26s proteasome.	previously, we cloned a carrot (daucus carota l.) cdna encoding a 45-kd protein, 21d7, located in the nuclei of proliferating cells. the 21d7 protein is similar to the partial sequence of a regulatory subunit of the bovine 26s proteasome, p58 (g. demartino, c.r. moomaw, o.p. zagnitko, r.j. proske, m. chu-ping, s.j. afendis, j.c. swaffield, c.a. slaughter [1994] j biol chem 269: 20878-20884) and to the deduced sequence encoded by the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene sun2 (m. kawamura, k. kominami, j ...	1997	9008397
an extracellular insoluble inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in cell cultures and seeds of carrot.	an 18 kda extracellular insoluble protein (eip18) was found previously in amorphous particles suspended in the culture medium and in the interspaces of cell clusters of carrot (daucus carota l.) callus, as well as in the extracellular spaces of carrot seeds, being located both in the embryo and at the inner edge of the endosperm. we purified eip18 by washing the amorphous particles with the mixture of triton x-100, nacl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta). we determined several partial am ...	1997	9177316
anti-steroidogenic activity of the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot (daucus carota l.) seeds in mouse ovary.	the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds arrested the normal estrus cycle of adult mouse and reduced the weight of ovaries significantly. the cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in ovaries were significantly elevated due to the treatment with extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds. the significant inhibition of delta 5,3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis ...	1997	9292415
rolb expression pattern in the early stages of carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the pattern of expression of the rolb gene, derived from the t-dna of the plant pathogen agrobacterium rhizogenes, has been investigated during the early stages of somatic embryo formation in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the reporter gene gus (escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase), under transcriptional control of full-length rolb promoter region, has been utilized in order to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative variations in the expression pattern. fluorimetric measur ...	1997	9570894
a g-box-binding protein from soybean binds to the e1 auxin-response element in the soybean gh3 promoter and contains a proline-rich repression domain.	the e1 promoter fragment (-249 to -203) is one of three auxin-response elements (auxres) in the soybean (glycine max l.) gh3 promoter (z.-b. liu, t. ulmasov, x. shi, g. hagen, t.j. guilfoyle [1994] plant cell 6: 645-657). results presented here further characterize and delimit the auxre within the e1 fragment. the e1 fragment functioned as an auxre in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants, as well as in transfected protoplasts. the auxre within e1 contains a g-box, and this g-box was ...	1997	12223815
phosphoglycerylethanolamine posttranslational modification of plant eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha.	eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eef-1a) is a multifunctional protein. there are three known posttranslational modifications of eef-1a that could potentially affect its function. except for phosphorylation, the other posttranslational modifications have not been demonstrated in plants. using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry and peptide mass mapping, we show that carrot (daucus carota l.) eef-1a contains a phosphoglycerylethanolamine (pge) posttranslational modifi ...	1998	9662537
two isoforms of plant rad23 complement a uv-sensitive rad23 mutant in yeast.	dna repair by nucleotide excision (ner) has been demonstrated in plant cells at the biochemical level but until now none of the molecular components of the plant ner complex has been identified. in this paper, the cloning and characterization of two isoforms of rad23 from carrot (daucus carota l.) are reported. it has been suggested that rad23 in yeast is an assembly factor of the ner complex required for transcription-coupled repair as well as efficient overall genome repair. a functional assay ...	1998	9681019
regulation of enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrot cell cultures in response to treatment with ultraviolet light and fungal elicitors.	the accumulation of anthocyanins in cell cultures of daucus carota l. and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis were investigated under growth in the dark, continuous irradiation with uv light, incubation with elicitors from pythium aphanidermatum, and elicitor treatment of uv-irradiated cells. upon uv irradiation, anthocyanin accumulation was strongly enhanced, and the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including the "late" enzymes cyanidin galactosyltransferase, cyanid ...	1998	9684371
natural genetic transformation by agrobacterium rhizogenes . annual flowering in two biennials, belgian endive and carrot	genetic transformation of belgian endive (cichorium intybus) and carrot (daucus carota) by agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in a transformed phenotype, including annual flowering. back-crossing of transformed (r1) endive plants produced a line that retained annual flowering in the absence of the other traits associated with a. rhizogenes transformation. annualism was correlated with the segregation of a truncated transferred dna (t-dna) insertion. during vegetative growth, carbohydrate reserves ...	1998	9765539
elongation factor-1alpha stabilizes microtubules in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent manner.	elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha), a highly conserved protein named for its role in protein translation, is also a microtubule-associated protein (map). we used high-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy to quantify the effect of substoichiometric amounts of ef-1alpha (isolated from daucus carota) on the dynamic instability of microtubules assembled in vitro from either animal or plant tubulin. ef-1alpha modulates the dynamic behavior of microtubules assembled from either t ...	1998	9786091
characterization of source- and sink-specific sucrose/h+ symporters from carrot.	to understand how sucrose (suc) is transported from source leaves to developing tap roots of carrot (daucus carota l.), we cloned two cdnas (dcsut1 and dcsut2) for proteins with homologies to plant suc/h+ symporters. the deduced polypeptide sequences are 52% identical and have 12 predicted membrane-spanning domains each. transport activities were confirmed by expression of the clones in yeast cells. both transporters had optimal activity below ph 5.0 and michaelis constant values of 0.5 mm. suc ...	1998	9847123
[chemical, chemosensory and human-sensory experiments on taste and flavor of carrots].	the relationship between sensory quality of carrots and their contents and composition of essential oils and total sugars as influenced by nitrogen fertilization was investigated. carrots (daucus carota l.) of the variety 'nanthya' f1 (s&g sandoz seeds) were grown in weihenstephan 1996 with three levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilization (3 levels in 4 replications). medium- and higher-boiling flavour-components were extracted as essential oils and separated gas-chromatographically (gc-fid). lo ...	1998	9881369
metabolism of polyamines in transgenic cells of carrot expressing a mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna.	the metabolisms of arginine (arg), ornithine (orn), and putrescine were compared in a nontransgenic and a transgenic cell line of carrot (daucus carota l.) expressing a mouse orn decarboxylase cdna. [14c]arg, [14c]orn, and [14c]putrescine were fed to cells and their rates of decarboxylation, uptake, metabolism into polyamines, and incorporation into acid-insoluble material were determined. transgenic cells showed higher decarboxylation rates for labeled orn than the nontransgenic cells. this was ...	1998	9449846
a small rna resembling the beet western yellows luteovirus st9-associated rna is a component of the california carrot motley dwarf complex.	abstract virions were purified from anthriscus cerefolium or coriandrum sativum plants infected with the viruses that cause california carrot motley dwarf. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion preparations yielded a single prominent protein species of approximately 28,000 molecular weight; however, denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis showed that virions contained three prominent single-stranded rnas of approximately 5.6, 4.2, and 2.8 kb. northern hybridization a ...	1998	18944986
expression pattern of the carrot ep3 endochitinase genes in suspension cultures and in developing seeds	carrot (daucus carota) extracellular protein 3 (ep3) class iv endochitinases were previously identified based on their ability to rescue somatic embryos of the temperature-sensitive cell line ts11. whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that a subset of the morphologically distinguishable cell types in embryogenic and nonembryogenic suspension cultures, including ts11, express ep3 genes. no expression was found in somatic embryos. in carrot plants ep3 genes are expressed in the inner integum ...	1998	9576773
the ovary of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria contains a glycine- and proline-rich peptide that displays sequence similarities with a new class of gprp proteins from plants.	a novel, highly hydrophobic, glycine- and proline-rich peptide was characterized in the ovary of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the peptide was detected as one of the major peaks in a chromatographic separation of an acidic methanolic extract of 50 mature ovaries. electrospray mass spectrometry yielded a molecular mass of 6305 da. the partial amino acid sequence as determined by edman degradation based automated microsequencing is as follows: ala-tyr-pro-ala-his-gln-gly-tyr- pro-ala-h ...	1998	9480819
somatic and zygotic embryos of daucus carota l. display different protein patterns until conversion to plants.	total protein patterns of different developmental stages of carrot zygotic and somatic embryos revealed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were compared using statistical dissimilarity index matrix, and some major polypeptides were partially sequenced. in spite of similar morphology, the protein patterns of somatic embryos at the torpedo stage were clearly different from those of zygotic embryos. in particular, none of the proteins specific of zygotic embryos required for maturation ...	1998	9871368
a chromo box gene from carrot (daucus carota l.): its cdna structure and expression during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis.	a cdna clone, designated dcdb1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from embryogenic cell clusters of carrot (daucus carota l.) and characterized. the cdna (1416 bp) encoded for a protein of 392 amino acid residues that contained a conserved chromo domain. the chromo domain is a 37 aa region found in both the polycomo gene product, which is a repressor of homeotic genes, and a heterochromatin protein 1 of drosophila. this domain is postulated to function in the binding of proteins to chrom ...	1998	9602049
intracellular ph in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. a symbiotic physiological marker	a method was developed to perform real-time analysis of cytosolic ph of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in culture using dye and ratiometric measurements (490/450 nm excitations). the study was mainly performed using photometric analysis, although some data were confirmed using image analysis. the use of nigericin allowed an in vivo calibration. experimental parameters such as loading time and concentration of the dye were determined so that ph measurements could be made for a steady-state period o ...	1998	9536044
an apparent case of nonsymmetrical and sustained strand-specific hemimethylation in the dc8 gene of carrot.	the dc8 gene of carrot (daucus carota l.) shows differential expression during embryo development. changes in methylation patterns of a segment of about 500 bp (from base +120 to base -446) of dc8 allele 6 were investigated by treating genomic dna, extracted from embryogenic callus at different stages of development, with sodium bisulfite to modify nonmethylated cytosines. following asymmetric (strand-specific) amplification, base sequences for samples from each developmental stage were determin ...	1998	9549056
molecular systematics of apiaceae subfamily apioideae: phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer and plastid rpo c1 intron sequences.	evolutionary relationships among representatives of apiaceae (umbelliferae) subfamily apioideae have been inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its 1 and its 2) and plastid rpoc1 intron sequences. high levels of nucleotide sequence variation preclude the use of the its region for examining relationships across subfamilial boundaries in apiaceae, whereas the rpoc1 intron is more suitably conserved for family-wide phylogenetic study but is too co ...	1998	21684940
characterization of storage proteins in daucus carota l.: two novel proteins display zygotic embryo specificity.	although maturation-related proteins are well known in the endosperm of albuminous seeds, an important question is whether the zygotic embryo possesses its own maturation proteins. we report on the isolation and partial characterization of storage proteins of carrot (daucus carota l. var nandor) dry achenes and isolated zygotic embryos, using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis techniques, hplc and amino acid sequencing. the presence of a series of abundant polypeptides showing charge heter ...	1998	9517000
carbon uptake and the metabolism and transport of lipids in an arbuscular mycorrhiza	both the plant and the fungus benefit nutritionally in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: the host plant enjoys enhanced mineral uptake and the fungus receives fixed carbon. in this exchange the uptake, metabolism, and translocation of carbon by the fungal partner are poorly understood. we therefore analyzed the fate of isotopically labeled substrates in an arbuscular mycorrhiza (in vitro cultures of ri t-dna-transformed carrot [daucus carota] roots colonized by glomus intraradices) using nuc ...	1999	10364411
isolation and characterization of a novel antifreeze protein from carrot (daucus carota).	a modified assay for inhibition of ice recrystallization which allows unequivocal identification of activity in plant extracts is described. using this assay a novel, cold-induced, 36 kda antifreeze protein has been isolated from the tap root of cold-acclimated carrot (daucus carota) plants. this protein inhibits the recrystallization of ice and exhibits thermal-hysteresis activity. the polypeptide behaves as monomer in solution and is n-glycosylated. the corresponding gene is unique in the carr ...	1999	10333479
changed properties of the cytoplasmic matrix associated with desiccation tolerance of dried carrot somatic embryos. an in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study	abscisic acid-pretreated carrot (daucus carota) somatic embryos survive dehydration upon slow drying, but fast drying leads to poor survival of the embryos. to determine whether the acquisition of desiccation tolerance is associated with changes in the physical stability of the cytoplasm, in situ fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used. although protein denaturation temperatures were similar in the embryos after slow or fast drying, the extent of the denaturation was greater after ...	1999	10318693
tissue-specific expression of two genes for sucrose synthase in carrot (daucus carota l.).	sucrose synthase, which cleaves sucrose in the presence of uridine diphosphate (udp) into udp-glucose and fructose, is thought to be a key determinant of sink strength of heterotrophic plant organs. to determine the roles of the enzyme in carrot, we characterized carrot sucrose synthase at the molecular level. two genes (susydc1 and susydc2) were isolated. the deduced amino acid sequences are 87% identical. however, the sequences upstream of the translation initiation codons are markedly diffe ...	1999	10080700
a leucine-rich repeat protein of carrot that exhibits antifreeze activity.	a gene encoding an antifreeze protein (afp) was isolated from carrot (daucus carota) using sequence information derived from the purified protein. the carrot afp is highly similar to the polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (pgip) family of apoplastic plant leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins. expression of the afp gene is rapidly induced by low temperatures. furthermore, expression of the afp gene in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants leads to an accumulation of antifreeze activity. our findi ...	1999	10214940
long-term biosanitation by application of coniothyrium minitans on sclerotinia sclerotiorum-infected crops.	abstract the effect of the fungal mycoparasite coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with s. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. in a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. po ...	1999	18944788
survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994.	previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ...	1999	19270925
a pathotype system to describe intraspecific variation in pathogenicity of meloidogyne chitwoodi.	tests of eight dutch meloidogyne chitwoodi isolates to the differential set for host races 1 and 2 in m. chitwoodi provided no evidence for the existence of host race 2 in the netherlands. the data showed deviations from expected reactions on the differential hosts, which raised doubts of the usefulness of the host race classification in m. chitwoodi. the term ''pathotype'' is proposed for groups of isolates of one meloidogyne sp. that exhibit the same level of pathogenicity on genotypes of one ...	1999	19270911
antisense repression of sucrose synthase in carrot (daucus carota l.) affects growth rather than sucrose partitioning.	to unravel the roles of sucrose synthase in carrot, we reduced its activity in transgenic carrot plants by an antisense approach. for this purpose, the cdna for the main form of carrot sucrose synthase was expressed in antisense orientation behind the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. in independent antisense plant lines grown in soil, sucrose synthase activity was reduced in tap roots but not in leaves. in the sink organs, sucrose utilization was markedly decreased and higher levels of ...	1999	10608657
a rapid method for transformation of carrot (daucus carota l.) by using direct somatic embryogenesis.	several genes that may be involved in embryogenesis have been isolated from somatic embryos of carrot by many workers. however, the function of these genes has not been discovered yet. as the first step toward finding the function of these genes, we established a rapid and efficient method for transformation of carrot by using direct embryogenesis from hypocotyl segments treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) for a short period.	1999	27393260
effect of daucus carota var. boissieri extracts on immune response of schistosoma mansoni infected mice.	isolation and structure elucidation was carried out of flavonoid constituents found in fractionated extracts of the seeds and green leaves of daucus carota l. var. boissieri (apiaceae). the flavonoids are mainly apigenin, luteolin, their glycosidic precursors and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde. fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols were identified by glc. the effect of various carrot extracts on the immune responses of schistosoma mansoni infected mice was studied. the rate of reduction in worm in ...	1999	10983240
production of glomus intraradices propagules, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, in an airlift bioreactor	this work addresses the symbiotic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices with daucus carota hairy roots transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes, in two submerged culture systems: petri dish and airlift bioreactor. am fungi play an active role in plant nutrition and protection against plant pathogens. these fungi are obligate biotrophs as they depend on a host plant for their needs in carbohydrates. the effect of the mycorrhizal roots inoculum-to-medium volume ratio ...	1999	10099599
molecular characterization of dau c 1, the bet v 1 homologous protein from carrot and its cross-reactivity with bet v 1 and api g 1.	up to 70% of patients with birch pollen allergy exhibit the so-called oral allergy syndrome, an ige-mediated food allergy. the most frequent and therefore best characterized pollen-fruit syndrome is apple allergy in patients suffering from tree pollen-induced pollinosis. the occurrence of adverse reactions to proteins present in vegetables such as celery and carrots in patients suffering from pollen allergy has also been reported. cdnas for bet v 1 homologous proteins have been cloned from celer ...	1999	10336602
isolation of additional bacteriophages with genomes of segmented double-stranded rna.	eight different bacteriophages were isolated from leaves of pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lycopersicon esculentum, daucus carota sativum, raphanus sativum, and ocimum basilicum. all contain three segments of double-stranded rna and have genomic-segment sizes that are similar but not identical to those of previously described bacteriophage phi6. all appear to have lipid-containing membranes. the base sequences of some of the viruses are very similar but not identical to those of phi6. three ...	1999	10419946
over expression of mitochondrial citrate synthase gene improves the growth of carrot cells in al-phosphate medium.	a mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into carrot (daucus carota l. cv. ms yonsun) cells by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic cell lines had high cs activity, the highest value observed was 0.24 mumol (mg protein)-1 min-1 which was 1.9-fold of that in wild-type cells. transcript levels of dccs were similar between transgenic lines, but those of atcs were increased as the cs activity of cells was increased. isoelectric focussing r ...	1999	10427772
calcium and phospholipid activation of a recombinant calcium-dependent protein kinase (dccpk1) from carrot (daucus carota l.).	a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase (dccpk1, previously designated cdpk431) cloned from carrot (daucus carota l.) was expressed at high levels in escherichia coli and partially purified. ca(2+)-induced gel mobility shift and (45)ca(2+) ligand binding assays confirmed that recombinant dccpk1 binds ca(2+) through its calmodulin-like domain and undergoes a significant conformational change. ca(2+) activated the kinase activity of recombinant dccpk1 (k(0.5)=1.7 microm) up to 20-fold. ca(2+) comb ...	1999	10556555
assembly and disassembly of the peripheral architecture of the plant cell nucleus during mitosis	the architecture of the nuclei of higher plants includes a structure similar to the nuclear lamina of vertebrates. changes in this structure were monitored during mitosis in carrot (daucus carota l.) and celery (apium graveolens l.) cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody that recognized the nuclear-matrix protein nmcp1. this protein has been shown to be localized exclusively at the periphery of the nucleus (k. masuda et al. 1997, exp cell res 232: 173-187). immunofluorescence w ...	1999	10592045
identification and characterization of an 18-kilodalton, vamp-like protein in suspension-cultured carrot cells.	polyclonal antibodies raised against rat vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (vamp-2) recognized, in carrot (daucus carota) microsomes, two major polypeptides of 18 and 30 kd, respectively. a biochemical separation of intracellular membranes by a sucrose density gradient co-localized the two polypeptides as resident in light, dense microsomes, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions. purification of coated vesicles allowed us to distinguish the subcellular location of the ...	2000	10631246
identification of highly conserved hydrophobic amino acid motif in deduced amino acid sequence of elymus sibiricus l. mitochondrial s13 ribosomal protein.	the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal protein rps13 gene from wild perennial grass elymus sibiricus is presented. it was determined by the method of pcr amplification with specific oligonucleotide primers and the direct sequencing of the amplification product. the sequence of e. sibiricus mitochondrial gene for s13 predicts a hydrophobic ribosomal protein of 116 amino acids that shows strong similarity to those of wheat (99.7% identity) and maize (98%). the deduced amino acid sequen ...	2000	10778389
conservation of the basic pattern of cellular amino acid composition during biological evolution in plants.	the cellular amino acid composition of plant cells was analyzed. the callus of carrot (daucus carota), leaves of torenia fournieri and protocomb-like body of cymbidium, s.p. were examined as examples of plant cells. the cellular amino acid compositions differed in the plant cells, but their basic patterns were quite similar. it is concluded that the basic pattern of the cellular amino acid composition is conserved in all terrestrial organisms, including plants.	2000	10817410
isoforms of chalcone synthase in daucus carota l. and their differential expression in organs from the european wild carrot and in ultraviolet-a-irradiated cell cultures.	two isoforms of chalcone synthase (chs) were isolated from cdna libraries derived from uv-a-irradiated anthocyanin-accumulating (dcb) and non-accumulating (dcs) cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the clones designated as dcchs1, which were present only in the dcb library, had a deduced primary sequence of 389 amino acids and an expected molecular mass of 42.7 kda, and seem to be alleles of those cloned by ozeki et al. (1993). the second isoform (dcchs2) was present in both libraries. it ...	2000	10872233
the roles of rirol and ngrol genes in hairy root induction in nicotiana debneyi.	the function of rirol genes in tl-dna of the ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes has been previously studied in nicotiana tabacum and daucus carota, but it was reported that these plants have a tl-dna-similar sequence in their genome. we investigated the function of rirol genes in n. debneyi by infection with a. tumefaciens harboring these genes, because the genome of n. debneyi does not contain a tl-dna-similar sequence. the single gene rirolb induced adventitious roots in n. debneyi. introd ...	2000	11074270
hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from daucus carota.	daucus carota (carrot) has been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension. activity-directed fractionation of aerial parts of d. carota resulted in the isolation of two cumarin glycosides coded as dc-2 and dc-3. intravenous administration of these compounds caused a dose-dependent (1-10 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure in normotensive anaesthetised rats. in the in vitro studies, both compounds caused a dose-dependent (10-200 microg/ml) inhibitory effect on spontaneously beating gu ...	2000	11081994
overexpression of mitochondrial citrate synthase in arabidopsis thaliana improved growth on a phosphorus-limited soil.	the gene for mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) was isolated from daucus carota (dccs) and introduced into arabidopsis thaliana (strain ws) using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. characteristics of citrate excretion were compared between t3 transgenic plants, which were derived from the initial transgenic plants by self-fertilization and homozygous for dccs, and the control plants that had no dccs. the highest cs activity 0.78 micromol protein min(-1) exhibited by the transgen ...	2000	11100775
carrot cells contain two top1 genes having the coding capacity for two distinct dna topoisomerases i.	five dna topoisomerase i cdna clones were isolated from a carrot (daucus carota) cdna library and two classes of nucleotide sequences were found. one component of the first class, ptop9, perfectly matches the open reading frame of ptop28, a truncated top1 cdna previously described, and extended it by 594 nucleotides (top1alpha). a member of the second class, ptop11, contains an open reading frame 2727 bp long (top1ss) with a coding capacity for a second putative dna topoisomerase i of 101 kda. b ...	2000	11141172
effects on the growth of carrots (daucus carota l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) and onion (allium cepa l.) of restricting the ability of the plants to intercept resources.	the objective of this paper is to assess the size and penetration of edge effects in carrot, cabbage and onion field crops and the extent to which these edge effects are modified by the presence of aerial or soil competition between the crop rows. in all three crops, large weight differences developed between the plants in the edge rows and those in the central rows. there was no indication of plant weight fluctuating between large and small values with each successive row in from the edge, as s ...	2000	10938817
calcium-regulated proteolysis of eef1a.	eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eef1a) can be post-translationally modified by the addition of phosphorylglycerylethanolamine (pge). [(14)c]ethanolamine was incorporated into the pge modification, and with carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells, eef1a was the only protein that incorporated detectable quantities of [(14)c]ethanolamine (ransom et al., 1998). when 1 mm cacl(2) was added to microsomes containing [(14)c]ethanolamine-labeled eef1a ([(14)c]et-eef1a), there was a 60% de ...	2000	10712560
the genes abi1 and abi2 are involved in abscisic acid- and drought-inducible expression of the daucus carota l. dc3 promoter in guard cells of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.	the aba insensitive1 (abi1) and abi2 genes encode homologous type-2c protein phosphatases with redundant yet distinct functions in abscisic acid (aba) responses. results from northern blot analysis showed that aba- and mannitol-inducible expression of the cor47 and cor78/lti78/rd29a (cor78) genes was more impaired in the abi2 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh than in the abi1 mutant. furthermore, aba-plus-mannitol treatments were additive towards cor47 gene expression; however, the aba-d ...	2000	10872217