Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. oro-3347-7. | 1966 | 4905225 | |
| clostridium botulinum type f: isolation from salmon from the columbia river. | clostridium botulinum type f has been isolated from a salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) taken from the columbia river. cultures of this type have been reported only twice before-once the bacterium was isolated. | 1966 | 17780006 |
| effect of lipid materials on heat resistance of bacterial spores. | the apparent heat resistance of spores of bacillus megaterium, b. subtilis, b. cereus, b. stearothermophilus, and clostridium botulinum type e in lipids was investigated and compared with the resistance of the spores in phosphate buffer solution. the most pronounced increase in heat resistance was noted for b. subtilis and c. botulinum type e, the increase varying with the type of lipid used. a high water content of the lipids used as heating menstruum lowered the heat resistance of the spores. ... | 1967 | 16349757 |
| further indications of clostridium botulinum in latin american waters. | 1967 | 16349781 | |
| on the occurrence of clostridium botulinum type c beta in the livers of slaughter animals in denmark. | 1967 | 4898202 | |
| [avian botulism, the 1st confirmed case in the republic of argentina]. | 1967 | 4898203 | |
| [the evolution of botulism. i. the biological significance of pathogenicity]. | 1967 | 4892078 | |
| [on cases of type e botulism on kamchatka]. | 1967 | 4894114 | |
| [a study of botulin toxins and anatoxins by the gel filtration method. ii. separation of native type a botulin toxins by filtration through sephadex g-200 gel]. | 1967 | 4891690 | |
| some chemical and physical properties of clostridium botulinum toxins in culture. | 1967 | 4872434 | |
| the nature of heat resistant toxin in spores of clostridium botulinum. | 1967 | 4872435 | |
| [1st case of beta c botulism in swine in senegal]. | 1967 | 4881104 | |
| [study of botulin toxin type f by means of filtration through sephadex gel]. | 1967 | 4881675 | |
| [multiplication and virulence of septicemic and blood pathogenens in the body of infected animals and their cadavers. ix. studies on the model of experimental infection with clostridium botulinum]. | 1967 | 4879241 | |
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. three year summary report of progress, march 1, 1965--november 30, 1967. oro-3347-5. | 1967 | 4890185 | |
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. progress report, december 1, 1966--november 30, 1967. oro-3347-4. | 1967 | 4890186 | |
| growth characteristics of type e clostridium botulinum in the temperature range of 34 degrees f to 50 degrees f. annual report, june 29, 1962-june 28, 1963. tid-24778. | 1967 | 4890187 | |
| characteristics of clostridium botulinum type f isolated from the pacific coast of the united states. | some of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of a type f strain recently isolated from the united states were studied and compared with those of the prototype langeland type f strain. the recent isolates were nonproteolytic, fermented sucrose and ribose, produced spores of low thermal resistance, produced a protoxin activated by trypsin, and grew and produced toxin at 38 f (3.3 c) from a spore inoculum. the prototype langeland strain was proteolytic, did not ferment sucrose or ribos ... | 1967 | 4865980 |
| [comparative immunological study of fish with clostridium botulinum toxins]. | 1967 | 4871089 | |
| actions of calcium and magnesium on the rate of onset of botulinum toxin paralysis of the rat diaphragm. | 1967 | 4870164 | |
| chromatographic isolation of hemagglutinin-free neurotoxin from crystalline toxin of clostridium botulinum type a. | 1967 | 4866586 | |
| [type c botulism in a dove (streptopelia roseogrisea bornuensis) from ferlo (senegal)]. | 1967 | 4867157 | |
| demonstration and isolation of clostridium botulinum types from whitefish chubs collected at fish smoking plants of the milwaukee area. | a total of 1,071 whitefish chub samples were examined at eight stages of processing, including sampling aboard ship, various processing steps in the smoking plant, and display in retail cases. the frequency of clostridium botulinum contamination of freshly caught and eviscerated chubs was approximately 13 to 14%. the highest percentage of contamination (20%) was noted among chubs sampled at the brining step of processing. the prevalence of contamination among chubs sampled at other processing st ... | 1967 | 4860531 |
| survey of the u.s. atlantic coast and estuaries from key largo to staten island for the presence of clostridium botulinum. | 1967 | 4860536 | |
| in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by type a botulinum toxin. | type a botulinum toxin was studied for its ability to inhibit the action of acetyl-cholinesterase. the chromogenic substrate, indophenyl acetate, was used for assay of enzyme activity. inhibition of enzyme function was detected through use of both 6.6 x 10(-6) mg (20 ld(50)) and 6.6 x 10(-10) mg (2 x 10(-3)ld(50)) of type a botulinal toxin. control assays were performed by use of both homologous antitoxin and heterologous antitoxins (types b and e). enzyme inhibition was effectively prevented by ... | 1967 | 4860916 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum type c cells and toxin by the fluorescent antibody technique. | 1967 | 4861156 | |
| studies on the active region of botulinus toxins. ii. isolation and amino acid sequence of the cysteine-containing tryptic peptides in botulinus toxins types a, b and e. | 1967 | 4862176 | |
| recent developments in botulism research. | 1967 | 4862979 | |
| pollution of a marine environment. | 1967 | 4864100 | |
| effect of nutrients on physiological properties of clostridium botulinum type e. | eight strains of clostridium botulinum type e out of twelve tested showed good growth and normal cell morphology in a synthetic medium containing choline. growth and toxin production by a representative strain was not influenced by repeated subculturing. in the chemically defined medium, acetylcholine, n,n-dimethylethanolamine, and lecithin could replace choline to get normal cell division and cell morphology of c. botulinum type e. choline could not be replaced by ethanolamine, n-methylethanola ... | 1967 | 4864406 |
| [effects of prednisolone, periston-n and antitoxic serum on the absorption and localization of i-131-labelled clostridium botulinum b toxin in guinea pigs]. | 1967 | 4865249 | |
| combined effect of water activity, ph and temperature on the growth of clostridium botulinum from spore and vegetative cell inocula. | 1967 | 4865469 | |
| partial antagonism of experimental botulinal intoxication. | 1967 | 4297676 | |
| drugs affecting transmitter release from motor nerve terminals. | 1967 | 4297759 | |
| culture isolation and identification of clostridia. | 1967 | 4300051 | |
| agar concentration in counting clostridium colonies. | decreasing the agar concentration of a counting medium from the usual 1.5% resulted in larger colonies with less interference from gas in clostridium botulinum 115b and c. sporogenes pa 3679. optimal agar concentration was 0.65% for c. botulinum with 24-hr incubation and 0.50% for c. sporogenes with 48-hr incubation. lower concentrations yielded growth too diffuse for counting. motility was considered the explanation for increased colony size in softer agar. the greater the degree of motility, t ... | 1967 | 4291671 |
| experimental production of diarrhea and its prevention by malethamer in monkeys. | 1967 | 4293386 | |
| sporulation of mesophilic clostridia. | 1967 | 4295013 | |
| [colorimetric method of determination of polysaccharides in bacterial cells]. | 1967 | 4183519 | |
| incidence of the food poisoning clostridia in meat animals. | 1967 | 4322513 | |
| microbiological laboratory hazard of bearded men. | an investigation was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that a bearded man subjects his family and friends to risk of infection if his beard is contaminated by infectious microorganisms while he is working in a microbiological laboratory. bearded and unbearded men were tested with serratia marcescens and bacillus subtilis var. niger. contact aerosol transmission from a contaminated beard on a mannequin to a suitable host was evaluated with both newcastle disease virus and clostridium botulinum ... | 1967 | 4963447 |
| mechanism study of the action of malethamer in staphylococcus enterotoxin-induced diarrhea in monkeys. | 1967 | 4964215 | |
| buccal exposure to botulinal toxin. | 1967 | 4965336 | |
| dissociation of clostridium botulinum type-e-toxin. | 1967 | 4965663 | |
| use of immunofluorescence to identify clostridium botulinum types a, b, and e. | 1967 | 4960503 | |
| [the evolution of botulism. ii. the scheme of cl. botulinum circulation in nature]. | 1967 | 4892874 | |
| clostridium botulinum in marine sediments and in the oyster (crassostrea virginica) from mobile bay. | 1967 | 5342368 | |
| amino acid composition of crystalline botulinum toxin, type a. | 1967 | 5338972 | |
| serological studies of clostridium botulinum type e and related organisms. | clostridium botulinum type e antigens prepared from washed cells by either formalin treatment or heating at 100 c were used for immunizing rabbits. agglutination tests showed that high levels of antibody were produced by both types of preparations. flagellar antigens were highly strain-specific, whereas the somatic antigens were sufficiently similar to produce complete cross-agglutination. one toxigenic strain produced toxigenic and nontoxigenic progeny which were physiologically and antigenical ... | 1967 | 5335894 |
| arginine and ornithine catabolism by clostridium botulinum. | clostridium botulinum 62-a was shown to catabolize l-arginine via citrulline to ornithine, nh(3), and co(2). the individual enzymes of the dihydrolase system were all demonstrated in extracts of cells, spores, and germinated spores. there was no liberation of urea from l-arginine, so no functional arginase enzyme is present, but there was some transamidinase activity in cell extracts. l-ornithine was degraded at a significant rate by cells grown in an l-ornithine-supplemented medium; it was part ... | 1967 | 5335895 |
| effect of botulinum toxin on autonomic nerves in a dually innervated tissue. | 1967 | 5339739 | |
| spore morphology with special reference to the identity of the "o.s." variants of clostridium botulinum type e. | 1967 | 5339801 | |
| thermal inactivation of type e botulinum toxin. | the theoretical required cooking times for inactivation of type e clostridium botulinum toxin (5,000 ld(50) mouse units per 0.5 ml) in haddock fillets of various sizes were calculated by graphical integration of the toxin inactivation rate and heat penetration data. the results indicated that normal cooking procedures should suffice to inactivate this amount of toxin. this conclusion was substantiated by the following additional experimental observations which revealed that the original experime ... | 1967 | 5339838 |
| kinetics of the thermal inactivation of type e clostridium botulinum toxin. | rate of inactivation curves for the "free" toxin, prototoxin, or activated toxin in crude filtrates of clostridium botulinum type e were nonlinear, consisting of a fast inactivating rate followed by a slow inactivating rate. thermodynamic parameters were calculated over a temperature range of 125 to 145 f (51.7 to 62.8 c) for the two different inactivation rates. energy of activation was low at the lower temperature and high at the higher temperature. the thermal requirement for inactivating sim ... | 1967 | 5339840 |
| examination of prepared foods in plastic packages for clostridium botulinum. | the incidence of clostridium botulinum organisms was determined in a variety of plastic-packaged "vulnerable" foods (food requiring little or no heating prior to consumption). a total of 113 foods were examined by use of an enrichment recovery procedure followed by toxin testing in animals. results of the survey indicate that the incidence of c. botulinum organisms in these vulnerable foods is extremely low. the ability of inoculated food products to support growth and toxigenesis of c. botulinu ... | 1967 | 5339843 |
| radiation sterilization of prototype military foods. ii. cured ham. | ten lots of diced cured ham, packed in cans, were inoculated with approximately 10(6)clostridium botulinum spores per can. each lot was seeded with a different strain (five type a and five type b strains). all cans were irradiated to various dose levels with co(60). evidence provided by swelling, toxicity, and recoverable c. botulinum with 6,350 cans demonstrated that: (i) 4.5 mrad was more than adequate as a sterilization dose; (ii) the minimal experimental sterilizing dose (esd) based on nonsw ... | 1967 | 5340164 |
| motor responses of the urinary bladder and skeletal muscle in botulinum intoxicated rats. | 1. type a or type d botulinum toxin administered to rats did not produce a generalized paralysis of skeletal muscles at the time of ventilatory arrest. however, if survival was extended by artificial ventilation complete blockade of neuromuscular transmission developed 6.5 hr after 100 mld of type d and 5 hr after 1000 mld of type a toxin. the onset of paralysis of a muscle was shortened by repetitive stimulation of the motor nerves.2. there was no consistent blockade of parasympathetically inne ... | 1967 | 5340248 |
| outgrowth and toxin production of nonproteolytic type b clostridium botulinum at 3.3 to 5.6 c. | 1967 | 5340312 | |
| survey of the u.s. gulf coast for the presence of clostridium botulinum. | in sediments and animals collected during warm weather months between key west, fla., and brownsville, tex., clostridium botulinum, predominantly type e, was demonstrable. incidence was somewhat higher in the eastern gulf animals, but the organism was present to the southernmost limits of both texas and florida. types a and f were never detected in warm weather. no bottom type or any single species seemed exclusively vulnerable. in samples collected during colder weather, the east-west incidence ... | 1967 | 5340653 |
| effects of serotonin on the toxin of clostridium botulinum. | 1967 | 5341951 | |
| the botulinal, tetanal, and enterostaphylococcal toxins: a review. | 1967 | 5336563 | |
| egg yolk reaction of clostridium botulinum type e in different basal media. | 1967 | 5337832 | |
| effect of choline on cell division of clostridium botulinum type e. | 1967 | 5337853 | |
| clostridium botulinum type f: seasonal inhibition by bacillus licheniformis. | clostridium botulinum type f has been identified during the summer months in mud samples from a small stream. its absence during the period from october to april in these mud samples is attributed to the presence of bacillus | 1967 | 5333132 |
| [effect of clostridium putrificum vital activity products on hemolytic and lethal properties of toxins of gas infection agents]. | 1968 | 5733644 | |
| [sensitivity of fishes to c beta clostridium botulinum infection]. | 1968 | 4909019 | |
| detection of botulinal toxins by immunodiffusion. | a procedure employing concentration with sephadex and analysis by gel diffusion (ouchterlony) was used to detect the toxins of clostridium botulinum in foods. botulinal toxins with toxic levels of 370 to 557 mouse ld(50) per milliliter were detected in the food samples. test results were verified by use of the mouse protection test. approximately 24 hr were required to complete the entire procedure. | 1968 | 4965915 |
| sporicidal action of auto-oxidized ascorbic acid for clostridium. | neutralized ascorbic acid (aa), buffered or unbuffered and autoclaved or filter-sterilized, was sporicidal for clostridium. a 0.2% concentration of aa was generally employed, and spore counts were made in a soft-agar modification of wynne's medium in prickett tubes. spores of clostridium botulinum 115b were less susceptible than those of c. sporogenes pa 3679, whereas c. bifermentans spores were by far the most sensitive. at 75 c, spores of pa 3679 were killed at a rate of about 9% at 0 min (war ... | 1968 | 4967070 |
| homogeneity and molecular weight of toxin of clostridium botulinum type b. | gerwing et al. described the isolation and purification from culture filtrates of the toxin of clostridium botulinum type b and characterized it as a homogeneous protein of less than 10,000 molecular weight. analysis by various methods of samples of this toxin obtained from gerwing et al., and preparations produced by their methods in our laboratories, furnished convincing evidence that neither her preparation nor ours was homogeneous. the molecular weight of the toxic component isolated from ei ... | 1968 | 4967772 |
| [demonstration of autolytic enzymes in the wall of different sporulales]. | 1968 | 4968759 | |
| [an immunochemical study of serologically active substances isolated from cl. botulinum types a and b]. | 1968 | 4969441 | |
| purification and some properties of clostridium botulinum type-e toxin. | 1968 | 4972262 | |
| cation-exchange chromatography of clostridium botulinum type a toxin on amberlite irc-50 resin at ph 5.55. | 1968 | 4973552 | |
| [the evolution of botulism. v. the evolution of the pathogenic properties of cl. botulinum]. | 1968 | 4980711 | |
| [a medium for the differentiation of some pathogenic clostridia]. | 1968 | 4317009 | |
| [spectral characteristic of the products of biuret reaction as an indicator in the study of the metabolism of microorganisms]. | 1968 | 4184037 | |
| detection of intracellular botulinum e toxin by fluorescent antibody technique. | 1968 | 4178885 | |
| low temperature growth characteristics of clostridia. | 1968 | 4296971 | |
| the effects of botulinum toxin on the pattern of innervation of skeletal muscle in the mouse. | 1968 | 4297234 | |
| proline as an intermediate in the reductive deamination of ornithine to delta-aminovaleric acid. | fresh extracts of cells of clostridium botulinum reduced a limited amount of ornithine to delta-aminovaleric acid, but at high substrate concentrations a considerable amount of an amino compound accumulated which was neutral at ph 4.2. aging of the extracts at -10 c or freezing and thawing resulted in the loss of the ability to produce delta-aminovaleric acid, but the ability to produce the neutral compound was retained. this compound was separated by column chromatography, and was found to be i ... | 1968 | 4301045 |
| use of immunofluorescence and animal tests to detect growth and toxin production by clostridum botulinum type e in food. | the appearance of clostridium botulinum type e organisms and of toxin in experimentally inoculated packages of turkey roll was followed to study the time relationship between the presence of vegetative cells and the demonstration of toxin. the presence of vegetative cells was determined by immunofluorescence, and animal tests were used to assay toxin production. growth initiated from detoxified spores of c. botulinum type e resulted in toxin formation within 24 hr. presence of fluorescing vegeta ... | 1968 | 4865896 |
| survival and outgrowth of clostridium botulinum type e spores in smoked fish. | chub injected in the loin muscle with 10(6)clostridium botulinum type e spores were smoked to an internal temperature of 180 f (82.2 c) for 30 min, sealed in plastic bags, and incubated at room temperature (20 to 25 c) for 7 days. viable type e spores were found in practically all such fish. toxin formation by the survivors in the smoked fish was dependent on the brine concentration of the smoked fish. a brine concentration of 3% or higher, as measured in the loin muscle, inhibited toxin formati ... | 1968 | 4865899 |
| separation of toxin and hemagglutinin from crystalline toxin of clostridium botulinum type a by anion exchange chromatography and determination of their dimensions by gel filtration. | 1968 | 4867941 | |
| isolation and role of nonheme iron protein in clostridium botulinum. | a type of iron-bound protein was isolated from clostridium botulinum by a modification of the method used for isolating ferredoxin from c. pasteurianum. this method involved acetone and diethylaminoethyl cellulose treatments followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation. the protein exhibited maximal absorption in the ultraviolet region near 260 mmu. portions of the isolated iron protein were separated by disc electrophoresis and, following specific iron-bound protein staining, showed a positive re ... | 1968 | 4868857 |
| [factors limiting the passive hemagglutination reaction: trials using botulin toxin and anatoxin]. | 1968 | 4869419 | |
| incidence of clostridium botulinum type e in salmon and other marine fish in the pacific northwest. | salmon, sole, cod, oysters, clams, and crabs from ocean waters along the coast of oregon and washington were examined for the presence of clostridium botulinum type e. the organism was detected by identification of the type e toxin in enrichment cultures of the viscera of individual fish. of 369 salmon specimens, 48 yielded cultures containing toxin lethal to mice, and almost half of the toxic cultures were shown to contain botulinal toxin, chiefly type e. eighteen of 113 sole and cod specimens, ... | 1968 | 4869616 |
| growth and toxin production of clostridium botulinum type e. | 1968 | 4870165 | |
| clostridium botulinum type e: growth and toxin production in food. | 1968 | 4870166 | |
| possible origin of the high incidence of clostridium botulinum type e in an inland bay (green bay of lake michigan). | bottom and shoreline sediments of green bay, northern lake michigan, and rivers of the green bay drainage basin, as well as soils of the surrounding land mass, were examined for clostridium botulinum type e. detection was based on identification of type e toxin in enrichment cultures and was influenced by many factors. testing smaller amounts of sample in multiple cultures was more productive than examining large inocula in fewer cultures. incubation at 30 c was unsatisfactory, but 14 days at 20 ... | 1968 | 4870273 |
| failure of type a botulinum toxin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. | 1968 | 4870289 | |
| [evolution of botulism. iv. epidemiological prerequisites for acquisition of resistance to botulism by ancestors of modern man]. | 1968 | 4870403 | |
| cholinesterase activity after dfp application in botulinum poisoned, surgically denervated or normally innervated rat skeletal muscles. | 1968 | 4870850 | |
| [comparative immunological studies by use of poikilothermal animals. first report: passive immunity of the carp employing the toxin of clostridium botulinus]. | 1968 | 4871845 | |
| botulism: a report of two cases. | 1968 | 4872369 | |
| intracellular synthesis of clostridium botulinum type b toxin. i. demonstration of toxin synthesis and sedimentation studies on toxic products. | the synthesis and nature of the toxin of clostridium botulinum type b were studied in growing cells. it was demonstrated that the toxin was synthesized in the latter stage of logarithmic growth and was released into the culture supernatant fluid during lysis of the cells. studies were done on the sedimentation properties of intracellular toxin. two components were demonstrated, one of low molecular weight and low specific activity and one of high molecular weight with specific activity similar t ... | 1968 | 4866099 |
| heterogeneity of clstridium botulinum type a toxin. | 1968 | 4879302 | |
| bacteriophages of clostridium botulinum. | 1968 | 4880051 | |
| isoelectric characterization of clostridium botulnum type c toxin. | 1968 | 4888758 | |
| isolation of chromatographically pure toxin of clostridium botulinum type b. | 1968 | 4882877 | |
| incidence of clostridium botulinum in bottom deposits in british coastal waters. | 1968 | 4883089 |