Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| purification of the insecticidal toxin in crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. | crystals were purified from four serotypes of the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. crystals from these serotypes were similar in amino acid and n-terminal analyses, but differed in their toxicity to two species of lepidoptera and in their immunological properties. toxic polypeptides were obtained following trypsin digestion of solutions of the crystals. in two strains (serotypes 3 and 9) this fraction contained only one polypeptide. similar results were obtained when dissolved crystals we ... | 1980 | 7420053 |
| role of glutamic acid & glutamate dehydrogenase in sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in chemically defined media. | 1980 | 7450794 | |
| a comparison of protein crystal subunit sizes in bacillus thuringiensis. | we have employed gel electrophoresis to determine the number and size of the subunits present in the protein crystals from 16 strains of baccillus thuringiensis. the calculated molecular weights (mw) fell into three major categories whose crystals exhibited the following protein banding patterns: type i, high mw only (140 000- 160 000); type ii, both high mw and medium mw (60 000 and 150 000); and type iii, low mw only (40 000 - 50 000). interestingly, the type i and type ii crystals were the ex ... | 1980 | 7459713 |
| biocontrol: bacillus penetrans and related parasites of nematodes. | bacillus penetrans mankau, 1975, previously described as duboscqia penetrans thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. this review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. the morphology of the microthallus colonies and the unusual external features of the spore are discussed. taxonomic affinities with the actinomycetes, particula ... | 1980 | 19300701 |
| incorporation of specific fatty acid precursors during spore germination and outgrowth in bacillus thuringiensis. | the selective incorporation of precursors specific for individual fatty acids in germinating and outgrowing spores of bacillus thuringiensis is described. the specific precursors utilized were [c]butyrate, -isobutyrate, -valerate, and -isovalerate, which were incorporated into even-numbered normal-chain isomers, even-numbered iso-isomers, odd-numbered normal-chain acids, and odd-numbered isohomologs, respectively. this preferential incorporation by b. thuringiensis allows the terminal carbons of ... | 1980 | 16345590 |
| some effects of douglas fir terpenes on certain microorganisms. | the douglas fir terpene alpha-pinene was shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and a yeast. other terpenes of the douglas fir, including limonene, camphene, and isobornyl acetate, were also inhibitory to bacillus thuringiensis. all terpenes were inhibitory at concentrations normally present in the fir needle diet of douglas fir tussock moth larvae. the presence of such terpenes in the diet of these insects was found to strongly influence the infectivity of b. thuringiensis spores ... | 1980 | 16345609 |
| rocket immunoelectrophoresis of the entomocidal parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitate the soluble parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the method described is rapid, reliable, specific, and extremely accurate, and it can be used to measure crystal toxin in commercial microbial insecticides that contain a mixture of spores, vegetative cells, and carrier materials. | 1980 | 16345656 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis spo cr mutants for the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. | inclusion bodies isolated from spo cr mutants of bacillus thuringiensis were toxic for larvae of the european corn borer. probit analysis revealed comparable toxicity between wild-type crystals (isolated from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) and crystals produced from two spore-free mutants of the same subspecies. death of the larvae was due to starvation, presumably through delta-endotoxin-induced gut paralysis. inclusion bodies pretreated with alpha-chymotrypsinogen were equally as toxic as n ... | 1981 | 16345839 |
| comparative biochemistry of entomocidal parasporal crystals of selected bacillus thuringiensis strains. | parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki, tolworthi, alesti, berliner, and israelensis were compared by electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, tryptic peptide mapping, immunological analysis, and insecticidal activity. spore coats also were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals were lethally toxic to mosquito larvae and nontoxic to tobacco hornworm larvae. conversely, crystals from ... | 1981 | 7462158 |
| transformation of bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. | a method has been developed to transform plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid into protoplasts of the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. protoplasts were formed by treatment of cells with lysozyme. the efficiency of formation of protoplasts was affected by the strain, the media, and the cell density. deoxyribonucleic acid uptake was induced by polyethylene glycol. deoxyribonucleic acid from the staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194 was used for transformation. although this plasmid could not be isol ... | 1981 | 7462165 |
| [detection of thermolabile exotoxin in b. thuringiensis and its separation from phospholipase c]. | 1981 | 7315023 | |
| [toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype hi4, for larvae of sandflies, the leishmaniasis vectors (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 7318051 | |
| relative activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, trichoplusia ni, heliothis zea, and heliothis virescens. | 1981 | 7320315 | |
| [experiments to inactivate the entomopathogenic action of the preparation dipel in the silkworm bombyx mori l]. | experiments were carried out at the vivarium of the silkworm experimental station in vratsa during the autumn silkworm feeding in 1980, using the kinshu x showa hybrid. tested was its tolerance of a water solution of chlorinated lime with active chlorine from 0.003 to 1.0 per cent administered orally with the feed. studied was at the same time the inactivating capacity of these chlorine solutions with regard to 0.3 per cent water solutions of dipel in less than a minute's time, the latter being ... | 1981 | 7324378 |
| isolation of a protein from the parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki toxic to the mosquito larva, aedes taeniorhynchus. | 1981 | 7332548 | |
| correlation between specific plasmids and delta-endotoxin production in bacillus thuringiensis. | 1981 | 7267811 | |
| [ph variations in the midgut of aedes aegypti in relation to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h14) crystal intoxication]. | after feeding aedes aegypti larvae with b. thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals the very alkaline ph (greater than or equal to 10) of the anterior midgut remains stable during the first twenty minutes, in spite of important cytological damage. thereafter, the ph drops to surround the neutrality and the death occurs. these results are discussed according to the knowledge on the action of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1981 | 7296735 |
| [innocuousness of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the larvae of oysters]. | 1981 | 7296737 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the united states. | during a 2-year study, samples of various types of soils were collected from 115 fields that had not previously been tested with bacillus thuringiensis and which were remote from any large-scale aggregations of lepidopterous insects in rearing or grain-storage areas. an average of about 400 isolates were examined from each soil, and, of 46 373 isolates examined, only 250 (0.5%) were identified as b. thuringiensis. while it was almost impossible to insure that a field had never been treated with ... | 1981 | 7306875 |
| [bactericidal activity of the dye erio acid red xb 400 towards bacillus thuringiensis]. | laboratory and field tests revealed that the addition of erio acid red xb 400 dye (ear) to bacillus thuringiensis formulations inhibited spores of the bacillus. in the laboratory, 74% of the spores present in a suspension containing 16 x 10(9) viable spores/ml, and 0.25 gm/l of ear, were inhibited after 28 h. spore inactivation in a physiological solution containing 1 x 10(7) viable spores/ml was 75% after the same period of exposure to the same ear concentration. field tests showed a reduction ... | 1981 | 7306883 |
| [sensitization and hyposensitization to bac. thuringiensis]. | 1981 | 7308791 | |
| transformation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria protoplasts by plasmid pbc16. | protoplasts of the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria were transformed by plasmid pbc16. the frequency of transformation was much lower than that of bacillus subtilis. all isolated b. thuringiensis transformants were characterized by increased sensitivity to lysozyme as compared with the original strain. | 1981 | 7217007 |
| occurrence of resistance to neomycin and kanamycin in bacillus popilliae and certain serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis: mutation potential in sensitive strains. | 1981 | 7240780 | |
| [specificity and active principle of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis]. | bio-assays of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis on larvae of drosophila melanogaster, musca domestica, culicoides sp. and chironomus plumosus are negative except in the last case, but only with doses much higher than those which are lethal for mosquito larvae. tests on mollusks (biomphalaria glabrata) and golden fishes are also negative. the specificity of action of the h 14 serotype, limited to a few diptera families, should be mainly related to the special characteristics of its crystals, whic ... | 1981 | 7249246 |
| [cytologic alterations induced in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) by zearalenone]. | zearalenone (f-2 toxin) an estrogenic mycotoxin secreted by some species of fusarium exhibits an antibacterial activity which can be easily demonstrated in gram-positive spore forming bacteria, especially in bacillus sp. morphologically abnormal cells were produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) in response to zearalenone. the most significant ultrastructural alterations obtained with the mycotoxin at 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/ml, are: increase of number of mesosomes which are hypertrophied, d ... | 1981 | 6454078 |
| [biological insecticides: new weapons against the transmission of disease by vectors]. | 1981 | 6458310 | |
| [use of the supernatant from cultures of bacillus thuringiensis in an in vivo study of the functioning of the nucleolar organizer in drosophila melanogaster]. | the use of drosophila melanogaster mutants deficient in active ribosomal genes, allowed us to demonstrate that the in vivo degree of resistance to a given concentration of supernatant from bacillus thuringiensis cultures, can be an indication of the ribosomal genes functional level. | 1981 | 6796208 |
| [isolation and characteristics of radioresistant bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis mutants]. | 1981 | 6796992 | |
| [instability of the auxotrophic markers in bacillus thuringiensis]. | auxotrophic mutants of bacillus thuringiensis have been isolated and compared with the mutants of bacillus subtilis. it has been found that after spore formation and a prolonged storage, the considerable part of cells in a population of some strains display a genetically unstable additional requirement for arginine with high frequency. the correlation between tetracycline sensitivity and unstable requirement for arginine and other growth factors has been found. the possible reasons for instabili ... | 1981 | 6797872 |
| cloning and expression of the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in escherichia coli. | sau 3a1 partial digestion fragments from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 plasmid dna were ligated into the bamhi site of the cloning vector pbr322 and transformed into escherichia coli strain hb101. colonies presumed to contain recombinant plasmids were screened for production of an antigen that would react with antibody made against b. thuringiensis crystals. one strain, es12, was isolated by using this procedure. es12 contains a plasmid of mr 11 x 10(6) that has dna sequence homology ... | 1981 | 7019914 |
| the entomocidal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | 1981 | 7025037 | |
| a new subfamily of microbial serine proteinase? structural similarities of bacillus thuringiensis and thermoactinomyces vulgaris extracellular serine proteinases. | 1981 | 7028036 | |
| [extracellular serine proteinase of bacillus thuringiensis]. | pure extracellular serine proteinase has been isolated from a broth filtrate of bacillus thuringiensis, strain 69-6r by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography on sepharose 4b derivatives containing p-(omega-aminomethyl)-phenylboronic acid and cyclopeptide bacillichin as ligands. the enzyme is completely inactivated by phenylmethylsolfonyl fluoride, a specific reagent for serine proteinases, has the molecular weight of 29 000 and pi of 8.4, reveals maximal activity and st ... | 1981 | 7028140 |
| [cloning and the expression of the dna promotor fragments of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli cells]. | the promoter-containing fragments of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria 69-6 dna have been cloned on the pga24 vector in escherichia coli cells. the recombinant plasmids make cells resistant to tetracycline in a wide range. the level of tetracycline-resistance does not depend on the length of a foreign insertion. new polypeptides are synthesized on the template of the recombinant plasmids in vitro. the data point out the presence in bac. thuringiensis dna of many genes which are able to expr ... | 1981 | 7033045 |
| purification and characterization of the entomocidal protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | a procedure for purifying the insecticidal parasporal protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis and a description of its biochemical and biophysical properties is provided. mild alkali titration was necessary to generate a functional protoxin in a soluble form, and anion-exchange chromatography was used to remove contaminating cytoplasmic proteases that are nonspecifically bound to whole native parasporal crystals. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography, and meniscus depletio ... | 1981 | 7204384 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage interference]. | strains of bacillus thuringiensis lysogenic for temperate bacteriophage tm2 inhibit the development of virulent bacteriophage tg4, although the latter can absorb to and kill these bacteria. tm2 mediated interference did not act directly on the tg4 genome; rather, the phage altered the host physiology. the latent period of tg4 growth in bac. thuringiensis lysogenic for phage tm2 was longer than when nonlysogenic bacteria were infected. progeny yields have been counted in bac. thuringiensis strain ... | 1981 | 7198072 |
| progress in malaria vector control. | malaria control, except in tropical africa, will probably continue to be based to a large extent on the use of insecticides for many years. however, the development of resistance to insecticides in the vectors has caused serious difficulties and it is necessary to change the strategy of insecticide use to maximize their efficacy. a thorough knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of each vector species is required before the control strategy can be adapted to different epidemiological situations. ... | 1981 | 6976842 |
| mammalian safety of microbial agents for vector control: a who memorandum. | this memorandum outlines recommended safety tests for application to biological agents under consideration for widespread use for pest control. the basic principles utilized in developing these recommendations were that: (i) the hazards presented by microbial pesticides are inherently different from those associated with chemical pesticides and the tests used to determine hazard potential to man should reflect this; (ii) a high proportion of negative results is likely; (iii) tiered testing syste ... | 1981 | 6978192 |
| [exoprotease synthesis, insecticidal activity and spore formation in a bacillus thuringiensis mutant defective in glucose transport]. | 1982 | 6759887 | |
| molecular relationships among plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis: conserved sequences through 11 crystalliferous strains. | screening for the plasmid content of 11 strains belonging to nine different serotypes of b. thuringiensis was carried out by electron microscopic examination and electrophoresis in agarose gels. all the strains contained at lest two covalently closed, circular (ccc) dna species. in one strain (berliner 1715), 17 extrachromosomal elements could be distinguished with regard to their size, ranging from 3.9 to 180 mdal. southern hybridisation experiments showed that most of these plasmids fell into ... | 1982 | 6956789 |
| cloning and localization of the lepidopteran protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki produces a proteinaceous crystalline inclusion that is toxic for lepidopteran larvae. there are several size classes of plasmids in this organism and the presence of one or more has been correlated with production of this protein, defined as a protoxin. dna fragments of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, obtained by ecori digestion, were cloned into the vector charon 4a. recombinant phage were screened immunologically for the production of protoxin. cells in ... | 1982 | 6310560 |
| [distribution, homology and cloning of cryptic bacillus thuringiensis plasmids]. | the 69-6 strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae harbours at least 7 cryptic plasmids (pbtg1 - pbtg7) with molecular lengths 8,4 to 15,7 kb. according to hybridization analysis, the plasmid pbtg2 (8,7 kb) and other plasmids of the same host strain as well as cryptic plasmids of the strains belonging to 10 other serotypes of bac. thuringiensis share detectable homology. as shown by the data of heteroduplex analysis, about 60% of pbtg1 and pbtg2 genomes have homologous dna sequences. the ... | 1982 | 7037539 |
| [effect of different carbon and purine nucleotide sources on exoprotease synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis cells, depending on their physiological state, produce different quantities of exoprotease. easily metabolizable carbon sources in the medium can affect the process in the opposite way: they inhibit synthesis of the enzyme by the cells in the exponential growth phase, and stimulate it by the sporulating cells. apparently, camp is not an effector of catabolite repression regulating exoprotease synthesis by the cells in the exponential growth phase, inspite of stimulating th ... | 1982 | 7040922 |
| ultrastructural analysis of membrane development during bacillus thuringiensis sporulation. | 1982 | 7077740 | |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection and quantitation of the entomocidal parasporal crystalline protein of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and israelensis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect and quantitate the parasporal crystal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and israelensis. the assay method described is extremely sensitive, accurate, and highly specific. with this technique, crystalline insecticidal proteins from several subspecies of b. thuringiensis were compared. the dipteran crystal toxin produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was shown to share few epitopes with the lepidopteran toxin from b. ... | 1982 | 7081987 |
| relationship of the syntheses of spore coat protein and parasporal crystal protein in bacillus thuringiensis. | two major classes of polypeptides were extracted from the spore surface of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki: the 134,000-dalton protoxin that is the major component of the crystalline inclusion and spore coat polypeptides very similar to those found on bacillus cereus spores. the quantity of spore coat polypeptides produced was reduced when compared with that produced by certain acrystalliferous mutants or by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the latter organism produced an inclusion to ... | 1982 | 7085565 |
| [electron microscope study of "bacillus thuringiensis" var. "israelensis" sporulation and crystal biogenesis (author's transl)]. | the sporulation and crystal development of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 was described for a wild spore- and crystal-forming strain and for a mutant crystal but non spore-forming strain. the special nature of the israelensis var. consisted in the composite structure of the crystal, made of a number of components differing in size, shape and electron density. the components were formed in a single inclusion or sometimes separately inside the same bacterial cell. | 1982 | 7103310 |
| [participation of bacillus thuringiensis plasmids in the synthesis of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin]. | 1982 | 7105967 | |
| large river treatment with bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for the control of simulium damnosum s.l. in the onchocerciasis control programme. | complete mortality of simulium damnosum theobald s.l. larvae was obtained along a 19 km stretch of the marahoué river including and downstream of the danangoro rapids complex in the bandama basin of ivory coast after treatment with 1.5 ppm/10 min of the sandoz 402-1-wdc formulation of bacillus thuringiensis berliner serotype h-14. partial control was observed for an additional 15 km. the level of control was especially encouraging considering the low concentration (.8%) of active ingredient in t ... | 1982 | 7112688 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains]. | bacillus thuringiensis strains forming colonies of the s and r morphology were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, neomycin, lincomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, and resistant to ampicillin and polymyxin. the s strains were shown to be susceptible to tetracycline (tets), whereas the r strains were either susceptible (tets) or resistant (tetr). the population of tetr strains was heterogeneous in its resistance to tetracycline (the frequency of tetr cells was from 10 ... | 1982 | 7121329 |
| [differences in primary structures of delta-endotoxins produced by various serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the primary structures of delta-endotoxins (crystal-forming proteins) produced by two serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis--v (var. galleriae) and iii (var. alesti) were compared. these proteins differ by the specificity of their action on lepidoptera larvae as well as by their molecular weights. to evaluate the homology of primary structures the tryptic hydrolysates of both endotoxins were fractionated by ion-exchange and thin-layer cellulose chromatography with a subsequent amino acid determina ... | 1982 | 7138972 |
| effect of strain and medium variation on mosquito toxin production by bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | the effect of strain variation and culture medium on production of toxin lethal to mosquito larvae by bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype h-14 was investigated. shake flask culture of b. thuringiensis h-14 strains showed varied ability to produce toxins lethal to mosquito larvae dependent upon the particular strain and growth medium used. buffered media demonstrated no better mosquito toxicity than did unbuffered media that ranged in ph from 5.7 to 8.1 at harvest. although toxin pro ... | 1982 | 7139413 |
| [effect of physicochemical factors on bacillus thuringiensis sporulation]. | spore germination was studied in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. optimal temperature regimes were selected for spore activation and initiation. the formation of spores and the rate of their subsequent germination were shown to depend on the composition of growth media in which the organism was cultivated. the paper describes changes in the fine structure of spores at different stages of their germination. | 1982 | 7144612 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype h-14 against mosquito larvae with particular reference to aedes aegypti. | 1982 | 7153478 | |
| activity of a "thermostable exotoxin" of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni in the salmonella/microsomal assay for bacterial mutagenicity. | 1982 | 7153535 | |
| [study of sporulation of the bacterium bac. thuringiensis apropos of its infection by phages, using the method of mathematical planning of experiments]. | 1982 | 7168255 | |
| [initiators and inhibitors of spore germination of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1982 | 7176973 | |
| [plasmid transformation of bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts]. | 1982 | 6800747 | |
| interchangeability of delta subunits of rna polymerase from different species of the genus bacillus. | rna polymerase was purified from five species of bacillus, including bacillus subtilis. each polymerase had a subunit composition analogous to that reported for b. subtilis, i.e., beta beta '2 alpha sigma delta omega 1 omega 2. the delta subunits from the b. subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis polymerases were interchangeable, as judged from their effects on promoter selection in the polymerase binding assay. | 1982 | 6802805 |
| [enterobacterial gene expression of antibiotic resistance under the control of bacillus thuringiensis regulatory signals in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria]. | two recombinant plasmids ppbt9 and ppbt74 carrying hindiii promoter-active dna fragments of bacillus thuringiensis onto the vector pga24 were studied. the cloned fragment of ppbt9 plasmid has many homologous regions in bac. thuringiensis genome. this fragment contains three escherichia coli rna polymerase binding sites, one of which is responsible for promoting tetracycline resistance of the promoter-deficient enterobacterial tet gene in e. coli cells. the bacillar fragment of ppbt74 plasmid has ... | 1982 | 6818110 |
| cloning and expression of the crystal protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. | from a clone bank of the entire genome of bacillus thuringiensis, one clone that contains a plasmid ( pbt 15-88) harboring a sporulation gene was identified by molecular hybridization. this gene, identified as the crystal protein gene, occurs both on a large host plasmid dna and in the chromosomal dna in b. thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. the inserted sequence of pbt 15-88, which corresponds to the chromosomal sequence, was not expressed in escherichia coli. in b. thuringiensis (kurstaki), t ... | 1982 | 6329704 |
| transfer of bacillus thuringiensis plasmids coding for delta-endotoxin among strains of b. thuringiensis and b. cereus. | the recently discovered high-frequency transfer of plasmids between strains of bacillus thuringiensis was used to study the genetic relationship between plasmids and production of the insecticidal delta-endotoxin crystal. three strains of b. thuringiensis transmitted the cry+ (crystal-producing) phenotype to cry- (acrystalliferous) b. thuringiensis recipients. agarose gel electrophoresis showed that one specific plasmid from each donor strain was always present in cry+ "transcipients." the size ... | 1982 | 6294667 |
| role of the parasporal body in causing toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis toward aedes aegypti larvae. | 1982 | 6120198 | |
| [results of laboratory trials of bac. thuringiensis berliner preparations on the larvae of blood sucking mosquitoes in the family culicidae. i]. | 1982 | 6121285 | |
| field evaluation of the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 against floodwater mosquitoes. | four experimental formulations of the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) were evaluated in the field against larvae of the floodwater mosquitoes aedes nigromaculis and psorophora columbiae with ground and aerial application methods. the formulations included abg-6108d (abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill.), a wettable powder containing about 400 iu/mg, sandoz 402-wdc (sadoz, inc., homestead, fla.), a flowable concentrate containing 600 iu/mg, and tw ... | 1982 | 6125127 |
| [study of the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on toxorhynchitinae larvae (author's transl)]. | toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, h 14 serotype, has been tested on larvae of toxorhynchites amboinensis, predaceous larvae of other culicinae larvae. the toxorhynchites larvae are not sensitive to the bacterial toxin up to relatively high dosages, except when larvae of aedes aegypti are provided in the suspension. mode of action of the crystal appears to be similar to the one observed in the epithelial cells of intoxicated aedes aegypti larvae midgut. | 1982 | 6125271 |
| the action of two formulations containing bacillus thuringiensis (serotype h-14) on some autochthonous mosquito species (diptera : culicidae). | 1982 | 6126174 | |
| [joint action of bacterial preparations and insect growth regulators on the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | 1982 | 6127605 | |
| the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus (diptera: culicidae) in the presence and absence of prey. | 1982 | 6128423 | |
| comparative bioassays of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 formulations against four species of mosquitoes in malaysia. | comparative laboratory bioassays of three formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (ips-78, san 402-i and bactimos) were conducted against late 3rd/early 4th instar larvae of four species of mosquito, viz., aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles balabacensis and mansonia (mansonioides) indiana, in malaysia. from the average response of the mosquito larvae to the three formulations of b. thuringiensis h-14, ae. aegypti was found to be most susceptible, followed by cx. quinquefasciatu ... | 1982 | 6128794 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on some egyptian mosquito larvae. | 1982 | 6130117 | |
| purification of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate by density gradient centrifugation in sodium bromide. | fractionation of fully sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis by density gradient centrifugation in nabr produced two bands which were identified as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. this technique generated high yields of membrane-bound and unbound granules of exceptional purity and degree of polymerization. | 1982 | 16346018 |
| formation of crystalline delta-endotoxin or poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granules by asporogenous mutants of bacillus thuringiensis. | parental strains and asporogenous mutants of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and aizawai produced high yields of delta-endotoxin on m medium, which contained 330 mug of potassium per ml, but not on st and st-a media, each of which contained only 11 mug of potassium per ml. on st and st-a media, refractile granules were formed instead. these granules had no insecticidal activity against silkworms and were isolated and identified as poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. supplementation of the pot ... | 1982 | 16346040 |
| asporogenous bacillus thuringiensis mutant producing high yields of delta-endotoxin. | an asporogenous bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ik mutant, strain 290-1, which produced high yields of delta-endotoxin, was obtained by ethyl methane sulfonate treatment of a spore suspension. the mutant strain produced about the same amount of delta-endotoxin as that produced by the parent strain, but 10 to 10 cells did not form any detectable dormant spores. | 1982 | 16346044 |
| dissolution and degradation of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by gut juice protease of the silkworm bombyx mori. | the dissolution and degradation of dagger-endotoxin (crystal) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1 were investigated. crystals were dissolved in 0.1 m phosphate-carbonate-naoh buffer at ph > 12. swelling of crystals occurred in the buffer between ph 10 and 11, and crystals dissolved in the same buffer supplemented with gut juice protease of the silkworm bombyx mori. the proteolytic dissolution of crystals occurred after a time lag of several minutes in 0.1 m carbonate-naoh buffe ... | 1983 | 16346206 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative detection of bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. | accurate measurement of the toxic protein crystal produced during deep-tank fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis is critical for optimum process yield. the currently accepted method is a bioassay that requires more time to generate data than to complete the fermentation itself. a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed with purified b. thuringiensis crystals to generate rabbit antiserum. this technique gives a quantitative crystal protein value with a colorimetric e ... | 1983 | 16346207 |
| bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (vcrc b-17) formulation as mosquito larvicide. | 1983 | 6134667 | |
| the comparative persistence of toxicity of bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 against mosquito larvae in different kinds of environments. | 1983 | 6139404 | |
| [effect of amino acids on exoprotease synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis]. | the influence of certain l-amino acids and their mixtures on the synthesis of exoprotease from bacillus thuringiensis was studied. physiological experiments showed that the mixture of 20 amino acids added to the artificial medium repressed the synthesis of exoprotease. among the compounds studied there are both the compounds which stimulate the synthesis of exoprotease (glutamic and aspartic acids, glycine), and the compounds which repress the synthesis of the enzyme (proline, tryptophane, tyros ... | 1983 | 6139810 |
| transcriptional and translational start sites for the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | the nucleotide sequence of the promoter region and part of the coding region of the crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1-dipel has been determined by analysis of a recombinant plasmid from escherichia coli. the start points for transcription of the gene in b. thuringiensis and in the e. coli strain carrying the recombinant plasmid were located by s1 nuclease mapping. two adjacent start sites were identified using rnas synthesized during sporulation of b. thuringien ... | 1983 | 6296116 |
| increase in osmotic fragility of bovine erythrocytes induced by bacterial phospholipases c. | bovine erythrocytes were treated with each of three bacterial phospholipases c; phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pcase) of clostridium perfringens, sphingomyelinase c (smase) of bacillus cereus and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (piase) of bacillus thuringiensis. an increase in osmotic fragility was detected by means of a coil planet centrifugation (cpc) apparatus (biomedical systems co., tokyo) after the treatment with these enzymes. the peak of hemolysis normally ... | 1983 | 6302097 |
| [simultaneous reversion for genes thy, dra and drm in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the reversions of mutations in genes thy, dra (deoxyriboaldolase) and drm (phosphodeoxyribomutase) were studied in bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae 351. in this strain, both dra and drm mutants are sensitive to the presence of thymidine (tds). in addition to the reversions for one of the properties (thymine requirement or sensitivity to thymidine), the simultaneous reversions for both properties (thy + tdr) were indicated. the frequency of thy + tdr revertants varied from 10(-4) to 10(-8), ... | 1983 | 6303901 |
| in vitro transcription of the cloned chromosomal crystal gene from bacillus thuringiensis. | we have determined the conditions required for in vitro transcription of the cloned chromosomal crystal gene from bacillus thuringiensis using either the homologous vegetative rna polymerase or a sporulation specific form of this enzyme. the gene is actively transcribed by the latter enzyme (form ii) but not by the vegetative one. evidence for a specific recognition between the form ii enzyme and the promotor site of the crystal gene was obtained by binding experiments. they showed that the bind ... | 1983 | 6306569 |
| toxicity of cyclic peptide antibiotics to larvae of aedes aegypti. | 1983 | 6196417 | |
| [effect of gramicidin d on the exoprotease activity of bacillus thuringiensis]. | a treatment of bacillus thuringiensis cells with gramicidine d in the medium containing the yeast and polysaccharides increases the lag-phase up to 12 h without a change of the rate during the logarithmic phase of the culture growth. the exoprotease activity of cells treated with gramicidine reaches a maximum value 4 h earlier in comparison with the control culture, and the activity level is increased 2-fold. at a concentration increasing the exoprotease activity, gramicidine was found to induce ... | 1983 | 6196773 |
| [current problems of developing biological methods for controlling the vectors of human parasitic diseases]. | 1983 | 6143243 | |
| [activity of intracellular enzymes in bacillus thuringiensis prospores and sporangia]. | the activity of endocellular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, protease, glucose dehydrogenase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, nadh dehydrogenase, nadh oxidase) was studied in isolated prospores and sporangia as well as in vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis strains, one of which produced crystals and one did not. the activity of malate dehydrogenase and nadh dehydrogenase was high in prospores of the both strains at the fifth and sixth stages of spore formation. the strain which did not pr ... | 1983 | 6341786 |
| two types of entomocidal toxins in the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. | two types of entomocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki were isolated from the parasporal bodies (crystals), and their structures were compared with each other in relation to the toxic activity. when the crystals were dissociated in 2% 2-mercaptoethanol at ph 10, a protein of mr = 135,000, called delta-endotoxin, was liberated. the crystals of a strain of b. thuringiensis kurstaki, the hd-1 strain, also released another protein in small quantities. this minor component of hd-1, whic ... | 1983 | 6357098 |
| [effect of proteins on exoprotease synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis was shown to grow better in media with albumin, gelatin and casein than in a chemically defined medium; proteins did not induce the synthesis of exoprotease. two maxima were found in the enzyme synthesis: the first one at the exponential phase of the cultural growth, and the second one during spore formation by the culture. the synthesis at the exponential growth phase was susceptible to nitrogen metabolite repression while the synthesis of exoprotease at the stationary ph ... | 1983 | 6358805 |
| alkaline extraction of toxin from spores of the mosquito pathogen, bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. | toxin was extracted from spores of the mosquito pathogen bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 using 0.05 m naoh. the molecular weight of this toxin was 35000-54000. toxic activity of this extract was resistant to a variety of enzymes including subtilisin, but was degraded by pronase. antiserum produced to 1593 spore toxin neutralized spore toxin and cytoplasmic toxin activity, but did not react with bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal toxin, nor did var. israelensis toxin antiserum react ... | 1983 | 6406023 |
| [experiments with bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. ii. study of the potential interspecies fusion of bacterial protoplasts: bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus megaterium]. | in the present study the possibility of obtaining interspecific bacterial hybrids by polyethylene glycol-assisted fusion of protoplasts from bacillus thuringiensis and bac. megaterium has been examined. electron microscopic and genetic data allow to confirm with great probability that cytological fusion takes place. however, genetic analysis revealed that neither of methods applied for protoplast fusion gave stable recombinants. apparently, it is due to the lack of recombination or the death of ... | 1983 | 6407894 |
| distribution of heterogeneous and homologous plasmids in bacillus spp. | a total of 75 strains (including 5 reference strains) of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. cereus, b. circulans, b. licheniformis, b. megaterium, b. pumilus, b. sphaericus, b. subtilis, and b. thuringiensis and 36 species-unidentified bacillus strains were surveyed for plasmids by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation of cell lysates in a study of antibiotic resistance in host cells. of the 111 strains, 13 (including 3 reference strains) were found to harbor plasmids, and 5 of ... | 1983 | 6410988 |
| isolation of a dna sequence related to several plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis after a mating involving the streptococcus faecalis plasmid pam beta 1. | the transmissible plasmid pam beta 1, which codes for resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin, was transferred from streptococcus faecalis to several strains of bacillus thuringiensis by a filter-mating process. introduction of pam beta 1 into the emr transconjugant strains of b. thuringiensis was confirmed by southern hybridisation using the 32p-labelled pam beta 1 as a probe. in the b. thuringiensis transconjugant strains, used as donors, the beta plasmid conserved its ability to be transfer ... | 1983 | 6413823 |
| [transformation of bacillus cereus protoplasts with the plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis transformants]. | 1983 | 6417981 | |
| [interspecific recombinants of bacillus thuringiensis x bacillus cereus]. | the possibility of interspecies recombination was shown by using protoplast fusion method. the bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strain 48s thi nic gua rifr strr and 56r gua rifr, and also bac. cereus carrying the plasmid pbc16 responsible for resistance to tetracycline (150 mcg/ml) were used. recombinants were selected on the medium containing rifampicin and tetracycline. they were shown to combine the properties of both parents. the majority of recombinants were resistant to phages tg4 and ... | 1983 | 6418614 |
| corneal ulcer caused by a biologic insecticide (bacillus thuringiensis). | 1983 | 6824057 | |
| mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis delta-endotoxin protein active against mosquitoes was inactivated by prior incubation with lipids extracted from aedes albopictus cells. experiments with lipid dispersions and multilamellar liposomes showed that the toxin binds to phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine provided these lipids contain unsaturated fatty acids. phosphatidyl serine binds toxin less efficiently and phosphatidyl inositol, cardiolipin, cerebroside and chol ... | 1983 | 6832375 |
| diversity of locations for bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes. | the location of crystal protein genes in 22 crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains representing 14 subspecies was investigated by hybridization of an intragenic restriction fragment from a cloned crystal protein gene to whole plasmid preparations. hybridization was found to a single plasmid in eight strains, to more than one plasmid in seven strains, and to one or both of two large, unresolved plasmids in two strains. the sizes of the hybridized plasmids ranged from 33 to over 150 megada ... | 1983 | 6833183 |
| evidence for plasmid-associated crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | three crystalliferous (cry+) strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype 14) that produce parasporal protein crystals toxic to dipteran larvae and several acrystalliferous (cry-) mutants, either induced or spontaneously derived from a single cry+ parent, were examined for the presence of covalently closed circular (ccc) dna in attempts to correlate toxin production with the presence of a specific plasmid. the plasmid profiles of both cry+ and cry- variants were analyzed by bot ... | 1983 | 6836053 |
| spontaneous loss of a high molecular weight plasmid and the biocide of bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis. | 1983 | 6838531 |