Publications

neutrophil stimulating activity released by staphylococcus-stimulated mononuclear leukocyte conditioned medium. further characterization and partial purification.	culture medium conditioned by human mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) stimulated with formalin fixed heat-killed staphylococcus aureus induces a small respiratory burst in human neutrophils, and dramatically increases the response of neutrophils to stimuli such as n-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine. the data presented show that the activity is not unique to staphylococcus aureus. similar neutrophil modulating activities were produced by medium conditioned by mnl cultured in the presence of ...	1988	3403658
thromboxane-associated pulmonary hypertension during three types of gram-positive bacteremia in piglets.	thromboxane-associated pulmonary hypertension occurs in animals during intravenous infusion of group b streptococcus (gbs), a gram-positive neonatal pathogen. we postulated that other gram-positive neonatal pathogens, such as streptococcus fecalis (ent) and staphylococcus epidermidis (s. epi) would also induce increased thromboxane synthesis and pulmonary hypertension when infused into piglets. we observed similar hemodynamic and gas exchange abnormalities during stepwise increases in the dose o ...	1988	3134642
a randomized study of antibiotic therapy in idiopathic preterm labor.	a randomized study was undertaken to test the effects of antibiotics as an adjunct to established methods of tocolysis. one hundred fifty patients with cervical dilation of 1 cm or more and no clinically identifiable cause for preterm labor qualified for the study. fifty-three (35%) received 500 mg ampicillin orally every 6 hours, 50 (33%) received 500 mg erythromycin orally every 6 hours, and 47 served as controls. antibiotics were prescribed for 10 days, and the treatment was not altered by th ...	1988	3186088
properties of high and low density subpopulations of group b streptococci: enhanced virulence of the low density variant.	from the group b streptococcus (gbs) reference strain 090 la colindale two subpopulations, which differed markedly regarding their capacities for biosynthesis of type-specific polysaccharide, were obtained by separation on a hypotonic percoll density gradient. in the original strain and the high and low density variants, there was a negative correlation between buoyant density and bio-synthesis of type-specific polysaccharide as determined by ultrastructure and quantitative assays. the invasiven ...	1988	3070266
neonatal septicaemia in kelantan, malaysia.	a retrospective study of 84 cases of neonatal septicaemia admitted into a neonatal unit in a rural area of malaysia for 1 year between 1st september 1985 to 31st august 1986 was carried out to determine the spectrum of micro-organisms and predisposing factors in relation to early and late onset septicaemia. the incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 2.13 per 1,000 live-births per year and the case fatality was 41.7% with higher case fatality in those who were premature, those who presented as ear ...	1988	3218934
[fever during labor. study of 89 cases].	in this retrospective study, 91 neonates were born from 89 patients with high temperature (t. greater than 37.9 degrees c) during labor. this group is distinguished by the high frequency of premature rupture of membranes (44%), low gestational age (25%), and instrumental extractions (30%) or cesarean section (30%). 53 newborns were transferred to pediatric hospitals (58%) for investigations: bacterial infections of neonates were noted in 30 of them (32%). the responsible germ was noted in 21 obs ...	1988	3221054
[trial of screening test for prevention of neonatal infection due to group b streptococcus].		1988	3145313
lung antibacterial defense mechanisms in infant and adult rats: implications for the pathogenesis of group b streptococcal infections in the neonatal lung.	we investigated factors that may contribute to lung infections in infants by studying the intrapulmonary responses to aerosols of three different types of organisms--group b streptococcus with and without type-specific capsule, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus--in infant (12-h-old or 24-36-h-old) and adult (150 g, 6-w-old) rats. after aerosol exposure, the lung clearance rate of each organism varied inversely with the age of the animals, and the magnitude of the clearance defect ...	1988	3275727
[hemolytic group b streptococcus in cervico-vaginal secretions].	the group b streptococcus can be an etiological agent of newborn's infections and vaginitis. therefore, we evaluated the statistical incidence of this microorganism in vaginal swabs of 1403 non-selected subjects. we isolated this streptococcus in 12.3% samples and it was present in 26.3% of positive cultures. our study confirms the elevate incidence of this microorganism and suggests the opportunity of this research in pregnancy monitoring and in gynaecological flogosis.	1988	3077475
beta-haemolytic group a, b, c and g streptococcal septicaemia: a clinical study.	87 beta-haemolytic streptococcal septicaemias in adult patients during 1979-86 in a university hospital were reviewed. 25% were caused by group a streptococcus, 17% by group b, 14% by group c and 44% by group g streptococcus. 67% of the septicaemias due to group b streptococcus were nosocomial, whereas the group a, c or g septicaemias were in most cases community-acquired. alcoholism was the most common underlying disease in group a (32%) and malignancy in group g streptococcal septicaemias (45% ...	1988	3041561
group b streptococcus and preterm rupture of membranes.	the effect of cervical group b streptococcus on the conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes was examined in 140 consecutive patients. upon the patient's admission, we obtained cervical cultures for group b streptococcus, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia. patients with and without group b streptococcus were compared. group b streptococcus patients had earlier rupture of membranes (30.7 versus 31.6 weeks) and shorter latent periods (76.8 versus 138.5 hours). intra-amnio ...	1988	3275914
functional activity of class-specific antibodies to type iii, group b streptococcus.	the functional activity of naturally acquired igg and igm with specificity for the capsular polysaccharide of type iii, group b streptococcus (iii-gbs) was compared. sera collected during convalescence from 14 infants who had developed specific antibodies following iii-gbs infection were employed for separation of igg from igm by ion-exchange chromatography. bactericidal killing of iii-gbs was similar for igg- and igm-rich samples (37 and 42%, respectively) in reactions containing a mean of 1.0 ...	1988	3277150
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during and after infusion of group b streptococcus in neonatal piglets. vascular pressure-flow analysis.	hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (hpv) is attenuated after endotoxin infusion into adult dogs and sheep. high dose infusions of group b streptococcus (gbs), a neonatal pathogen, into newborn animals produce pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, and reduced cardiac output similar to high dose endotoxin infusions in adult animals. to avoid the compounding effects of reduced arterial and mixed venous po2, hpv was studied after low dose endotoxin in adult animals. we hypothesized that hpv would be at ...	1988	3281527
use of wellcogen group b streptococcal latex fixation test to detect group b streptococcus in amniotic fluid.		1988	3284965
perinatal group b streptococcal infections across intact amniotic membranes.	we reviewed the perinatal mortality due to group b streptococcal infection over a three-year period at a tertiary center. in 6 of 16 perinatal deaths due to group b streptococcus, representing a range of gestational ages, infection occurred with the membranes intact. a review of reports from the obstetric and pediatric literature revealed that 10-50% of group b streptococcal infections occur in this manner. several investigators of both animals and humans have demonstrated the pathophysiology of ...	1988	3290476
cloning and expression of the camp factor of group b streptococci in escherichia coli.	the genetic determinant of the camp factor from a strain of group b streptococcus (gbs; streptococcus agalactiae) was cloned in escherichia coli. total cell dna from the gbs strain r268 was used to construct a gene bank with bacteriophage lambda embl4 in the e. coli k-12 strain le392. recombinant phage plaques were detected by immunoblots by using a specific antiserum raised against purified camp factor. two hybrid phages showing expression of camp factor were identified. subcloning the camp gen ...	1988	3294187
evaluation of chemstrip ln in a male geriatric population.	a dipstick method for bacteriologic screening of urine using a combination of leukocyte esterase and nitrite indicators, chemstrip ln, was evaluated in a male inpatient geriatric population. three hundred seventy-five urine samples from 198 symptomatic patients (age range, 45 to 98 years; mean, 69.6) were tested by ln and cultured using standard methods. ln showed 169 negatives, but in 7 of these cases, the culture was positive (greater than or equal to 5 x 10(4) col/ml). organisms recovered fro ...	1988	3280647
[streptococcus group b tardive meningitis revealing chronic septic granulomatosis].	a first-born boy operated on d20 for an abscess of the anal margin (e. coli, klebsiella) developed purulent meningitis due to a group b serotype iii streptococcus on d35. the outcome was rapidly fatal. results of immunologic investigations done on the day before death were suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) as complete absence of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) was evidenced. studies of polymorphonuclear cells from the mother showed normal production of oxygen, chemilumin ...	1989	2648937
group b streptococcal breast abscess in a mother and mastitis in her infant.	group b streptococcus is a common cause of postpartum infection, but breast abscess in a lactating woman has not been reported. seven days postpartum, a woman developed mastitis resulting from type ib/c group b streptococcus. she was treated with oral antibiotics for 1 week, with apparent resolution. breast-feeding was continued, but at reduced frequency on the affected side. two days later, local and systemic symptoms recurred, and a large breast abscess was surgically drained. five days into t ...	1989	2649829
pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the newborn.	a study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotaxime (ctx) and desacetylcefotaxime (dctx) in newborns was conducted; the former is commonly used for neonatal infections. the elimination half life of ctx correlated with gestational age (ga) and postnatal age (pna). elimination of dctx was longer permitting a synergistic or additive effect with ctx against gram-negative bacteria. ctx is indicated in the treatment of neonatal sepsis because of the increasing resistance of escherichia coli to amp ...	1989	2653716
[etiology of cervicovaginal infection in pregnant and non-pregnant patients].	a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of specific microorganisms in pregnant and nonpregnant women with cervicovaginitis attended at the instituto nacional de perinatología, was done; candida sp, gardnerella vaginalis, replasma urealitycum, chlamydia trachomatis, group b streptococcus, trichomonas vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae were investigated. two hundred thirty four patients were studied, 105/234 (44.9%) pregnant and 129/234 (55.1%) nonpregnant women, with a mean age of 26.5 years ...	1989	2486979
is there an association between colonization with group b streptococcus and prematurity?	the purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between colonization of the genitourinary tract with group b streptococcus (gbs) and prematurity. a search of the literature was conducted to identify articles addressing this issue. ten studies provided enough data for a critical review; seven studies focused on genital colonization and three on asymptomatic bacteriuria. an association between cervicovaginal colonization with gbs and prematurity could not be demonstrated ...	1989	2677355
investigation of apparent false-positive urine latex particle agglutination tests for the detection of group b streptococcus antigen.	in our nursery, we identified neonates with positive urine latex particle agglutination (lpa) tests for group b streptococcus (gbs) antigen who did not have corroborating cultural evidence of infection. to investigate the mechanisms underlying these apparent false-positive reactions, we examined the urine lpa test in an unselected population of neonates suspected of sepsis. urine specimens for lpa testing and culture and simultaneous perirectal cultures were obtained from 134 neonates with suspe ...	1989	2685020
bone and joint infection in the neonate.	bone and joint infections during the neonatal period differ from those in the older child. neonates are relatively immunocompromised and their growth plate is pierced by blood vessels. special characteristics of skeletal infection in the neonate are: (1) multiple foci of infection; (2) simultaneous involvement of the bone and the adjacent joint; and (3) limited systemic and local inflammatory response. the more common causative organisms are group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and gram ...	1989	2644616
neonatal septicaemia in finland 1981-85. predominance of group b streptococcal infections with very early onset.	a survey of blood culture-confirmed neonatal septicaemia was carried out in seven delivery hospitals in 1981-85, for a second successive five-year period. the total number of cases was 377, to compare with 410 in the previous five-year period. group b streptococcus (gbs) was throughout the major pathogen (29%), followed by staphylococcus aureus (15%) and escherichia coli (14%), while staphylococcus epidermidis (10%) has emerged as a significant new causative agent. septicaemia with very early on ...	1989	2645740
mycotic aneurysm of the aorta due to group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae).	this report describes the successful treatment by excision and primary anatomic graft of a mycotic aortic aneurysm infected with a group b streptococcus.	1989	2653878
a model of bacterially induced umbilical vein spasm, relevant to fetal hypoperfusion.	from experience with placental pathology and autopsies, we hypothesize that infected amniotic fluid may produce umbilical cord and placental surface vasospasm, reduced fetal perfusion, and perinatal asphyxia, morbidity, and mortality. we tested the hypothesis by a preliminary investigation with group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus, a common cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. our methods included suspension of isolated human umbilical vein segments in a 30-ml organ bath with modified kre ...	1989	2657529
definition of a bacterial virulence factor: sialylation of the group b streptococcal capsule.	sialylation of bacterial capsules has been proposed as an important virulence factor for several species of encapsulated pathogens, including group b streptococcus. we have constructed a transposon mutant strain of type iii group b streptococcus that expresses a capsular polysaccharide differing from the wild type only in that the mutant strain's capsule lacks sialic acid. the mutant polysaccharide is antigenically identical to the capsular polysaccharide of type 14 streptococcus pneumoniae, as ...	1989	2554337
endometrial flora of infertile women in zaria, northern nigeria.	microbiological study of the endometrium of 114 infertile women cultured 48 organisms (42.2%) from 42 patients (36.8%). mycobacterium tuberculosis (16.7%) and group b streptococcus (8.8%) were the commonest organisms isolated. these organisms were also most commonly isolated from patients between the ages of 20 and 30 years. there is, however, an overall increase in the frequency of bacterial isolation with age-cohorts. of the colonised patients, 36.8% were of parity less than two and most (26.3 ...	1989	2572486
natural transmission of group b streptococcus during delivery.	this is a study of group b streptococcus during labor of 121 patients in whom group b streptococcus was isolated in the vagina and/or rectum before delivery. the intrapartum vaginal culture was positive in 55.2% of the antepartum carriers (32/58). when the vaginal culture during delivery was positive, the group b streptococcus was isolated in the amniotic fluid 2 h after the rupture of membranes in 81% of the cases. the newborns of antepartum carriers, when the labor developed naturally, were co ...	1989	2572493
group b streptococcus and premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery.	in a population of 1,050 pregnant women the effect of maternal colonization by group b streptococcus on premature rupture of membranes (prom), preterm delivery, and low weight was analyzed. a significant increment was found of the prevalence of prom for patients colonized in the vagina and/or the rectum (26.4%) versus noncarrier patients (17.8%). in vaginal and/or rectal group b streptococcus carriers, in whom group b streptococcus was also isolated from the cervical culture, the rate of prom wa ...	1989	2646185
identification of a high-virulence clone of type iii streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) causing invasive neonatal disease.	chromosomal genotypes of 128 isolates of six serotypes (ia, ib, ic, ii, ic/ii, and iii) of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) recovered predominantly from human infants in the united states were characterized by an analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic profiles at 11 metabolic enzyme loci. nineteen distinctive electrophoretic types (ets), representing multilocus clonal genotypes, were identified. mean genetic diversity per locus among ets of isolates of the same sero ...	1989	2660146
evaluation of a rapid latex agglutination test for detection of group b streptococci in vaginal specimens.	a rapid latex agglutination test (bactigen group b streptococcus cervical screen) for detection of group b streptococci in cervical-vaginal specimens was evaluated using two different slide systems, the traditional serologic slide and capillary action track (trak) slide. culture was used as reference method. a total of 344 cervical-vaginal specimens were tested. the group b streptococci carrier rate was found by culture to be 10.8%, 56.8% of these specimens being heavily colonized. the sensitivi ...	1989	2496999
bacteria and inflammatory cells reduce chorioamniotic membrane integrity and tensile strength.	bacteria and the inflammatory response they engender are implicated in the pathophysiology of premature rupture of fetal membranes and preterm birth. we tested the hypothesis that bacteria and polymorphonuclear neutrophils may have both separate and combined effects in weakening the amniochorionic membrane, and thus predispose to premature rupture of membranes. we examined how three parameters of membrane integrity (bursting tension, work to rupture, and elasticity) were affected by standardized ...	1989	2552366
[antibodies to group b streptococci in maternal and cord sera].	group b streptococcus (gbs) antibody concentrations were studied in 214 pregnant women, of which 91 were carriers and 123 were noncarriers. the method using eia was designed to measure antibodies to type ia, ib, ic, ii, iii and group b. by means of agg (agglutination), antibodies to type ib, ii, and group b could also be measured. 1) the group b antibody concentration in pregnant carriers of gbs (mean: 13.9 microliters with eia, 4.77 microliters with agg) was significantly greater than that in n ...	1989	2527933
molecular analysis of a region of the group b streptococcus chromosome involved in type iii capsule expression.	type iii group b streptococci (gbs) are the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. the important role of the type iii polysaccharide capsule and of the terminal sialic acid moiety of the capsule in the virulence of gbs has been demonstrated by using tn916 mutagenesis. several of the transposon insertion sites that resulted in defective type iii capsule synthesis were located in a 30-kilobase (kb) region of the chromosome. hybridization analysis of two other typ ...	1989	2550369
isolation and characterization of type iv group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.	an antigenically distinct serotype, type iv, has recently been added to the recognized serotypes of group b streptococci (gbs). we isolated and purified the capsular polysaccharide antigen from a prototype type iv gbs strain. the type iv capsular polysaccharide formed a precipitin line with rabbit antiserum to type iv gbs organisms but not with antiserum to organisms of gbs serotype ia, ib, ii, or iii. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition experiments showed no cross-reaction between type ...	1989	2494110
prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal disease: intrapartum detection and chemoprophylaxis of heavily colonized parturients.	parturients with heavy vaginal colonization of group b streptococci were selected randomly to receive either penicillin or no antibiotic. a simple and fast latex agglutination test, applied in 8977 consecutive parturients, detected 412 women with heavy colonization with group b streptococcus, 199 of whom were eligible for the study. the offspring of penicillin-treated women had a lower incidence of early-onset group b streptococcal disease (1.1%; 95% confidence interval 0-3.4%) than the controls ...	1989	2494620
pharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulin in neonates.	intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) may be a therapeutic adjunct to antibiotic treatment of neonatal infections. we examined the pharmacokinetics and safety of ivig in human neonates. thirty neonates with suspected sepsis were randomly assigned either to a treatment (receiving either 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg of ivig plus antibiotics) or control (antibiotics alone) group. the 500 mg/kg dose produced a rise in total igg for greater than 8 and in group b streptococcus (gbs) type-specific igg for grea ...	1989	2694604
[fatal synergism of viral-bacterial infections (a model of influenza-streptococcal infections)].	a model of virus-bacterial infection involving a (pr-8/34) influenza virus and group b streptococcus is proposed to demonstrate the cyclic manifestations of fatal synergism of the causative agents correlating with either the cyclic detection of influenza virus antigens in the infection focus on administration of avirulent streptococcal fos4 strain, or with the time-course of activity shown by natural killers on administration of virulent streptococcal fos8 strain. based on the presented data on ...	1989	2696265
association of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma hominis with intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery. the john hopkins study of cervicitis and adverse pregnancy outcome.	the authors conducted a prospective study of risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight less than a standard (race- and sex-adjusted) 10th percentile for gestational age) and preterm birth (birth prior to 37 weeks gestation) in a high-risk, inner-city, obstetric population, with special interest in pathogens colonizing the maternal genital tract. a total of 801 women within 22 to 30 weeks of gestation were enrolled and interviewed. subjects were cultured for gardnerella vagin ...	1989	2729260
genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in aerococcus viridans.	resistance to at least one of the following antibiotics was found in eight wild-type strains of aerococcus viridans: erythromycin (six strains), tetracycline and minocycline (five strains), chloramphenicol (one strain), and high levels of streptomycin (one strain). none of the strains transferred any of their antibiotic resistance markers into streptococcal, enterococcal, or a. viridans recipients by conjugation. by dna-dna hybridization experiments, the ermb gene of transposon tn917, of enteroc ...	1989	2729946
time to positivity for detection of bacteremia in neonates.	the blood culture results of all samples obtained from newborns at grady memorial hospital, atlanta, ga., during a 6-month period were analyzed to determine the time required for a blood culture to become positive, the time at which a culture could safely be considered negative, and the spectrum of isolated organisms. during the study period, 1,248 samples were submitted from all nurseries and processed by an automated detection instrument (bactec nr660). of the 1,248 samples, 98 (7.8%) were pos ...	1989	2745679
in-vitro activity of a new penem fce 22101.	the in-vitro activity of a new penem fce 22101 was evaluated in comparison with other antimicrobial agents against 966 aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. fce 22101 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae, h. ducreyi, neisseria gonorrhoeae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis and group b streptococcus at concentrations of 0.12-4.0 mg/l. pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant with mic90 of greater than ...	1989	2786518
polyclonal anti-group b streptococcus latex antigen detection test.		1989	2654862
seroepidemiology of group b streptococcus type iii colonization at delivery.		1989	2656881
infective endocarditis caused by streptococcus agalactiae.	we report a series of five cases of infective endocarditis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) in glasgow over a 30 month period. there were three males and two females mean age 48.6 years (range 28-63 years). only one patient had previous valvular heart disease. the infections were characterised by an acute presentation and an aggressive course with major arterial emboli. despite early diagnosis and appropriate intravenous antibiotics three patients died, one after valve ...	1989	2670780
roles of platelet-activating factor and thromboxane in group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets.	platelet-activating factor causes pulmonary hypertension, shock, hypoxemia, neutropenia, and increased pulmonary vascular permeability; some of its effects are due to thromboxane a2 release. evidence for a possible role of these mediators in the genesis of group b streptococcus (gbs)-induced pulmonary hypertension was sought using specific receptor antagonists for paf and thromboxane a2 (txa2) in anesthetized, ventilated piglets (less than or equal to 12 d of age; n = 22). infusion of 1 x 10(8) ...	1989	2682499
a murine model of systemic infection with serotype iv group b streptococcus.		1989	16312288
clinical uses of intravenous immunoglobulins.	to ascertain the activity of intravenous immunoglobulin in a wide range of diseases.	1990	2404449
[a historical birth tragedy. neonatal infections still of interest today as they were 300 years ago].	neonatal bacterial infections are still important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity, as they were 300 years ago. queen anne (1655-1714) underwent 18 pregnancies without producing any successors, probably because the children died of perinatal infection. some women are unable to produce a specific igg-antibody against group b streptococcus (gbs). they may have normal igm production and are thereby self-protected, while their infants risk developing neonatal gbs septicaemia. listeria mon ...	1990	2281448
granulocyte transfusions in septic adult and newborn rats: distribution of granulocytes and effect on peripheral blood and bone marrow.	granulocyte transfusions are increasingly being used as therapy for newborns with sepsis and neutropenia. we injected either group b streptococcus or phosphate-buffered saline solution intraperitoneally into adult and newborn rats. human granulocytes, labeled with chromium 51, were transfused seven hours later. when the newborn rats were killed 13 to 19 hours after injection, they had 10(2) to 10(6) cfu/gm streptococcus organisms in both lung and brain. only one third of the adult rats had 10(2) ...	1990	2313160
clinicopathological differences between early-onset and late-onset sepsis and pneumonia in very low birth weight infants.	we performed clinicopathological studies on early-onset sepsis (5 infants, less than 72 hours of life, eos) and late-onset sepsis (15 infants, greater than 72 hours, los) of very low birth weight, less than 1500 g (vlbw). in eos, the clinical features mimic the respiratory distress syndrome and hematological changes were not observed. the lungs showed slight interstitial pneumonia with structural immaturity, hyaline membranes, hemorrhage, and minimal infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils ...	1990	2235761
synthesis and immunological properties of conjugates composed of group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to tetanus toxoid.	a synthetic scheme for covalently binding group b streptococcus type iii to tetanus toxoid (tt), using adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer, is described. type iii alone or as a conjugate with tt was injected subcutaneously into laboratory mice, and the type-specific and tt antibody responses elicited by these immunogens were assayed. type iii-tt elicited significantly higher levels of type-specific antibodies after each immunization than did the type iii alone. these levels were related to the d ...	1990	2407652
[enterococci as pathogens of severe infections in newborn infants and young infants].	we report about severe perinatal infections caused by enterococci during a 5 year-period. between january 1983 and december 1987 8 infants were treated in the department of neonatology of the charité-hospital, 5 of them died. in 4 of the infants this infection was of the early onset type and in 4 infants the infection had a late onset. the clinical course of the four infants with early onset type was very similar to that of infants with group-b-streptococcus disease. the increase of severe infec ...	1990	2355712
neonatal susceptibility and immunity to major bacterial pathogens.	neonatal bacterial sepsis has continued in this decade to contribute significantly to neonatal mortality and morbidity and is a critical determinant of outcome in infants of very low birth weight despite the availability of antibiotics. the group b streptococcus and escherichia coli are the predominant pathogens for the newborn infant. studies on the epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology of group b streptococcal disease are more extensive than those on e. coli disease. type-specific antibod ...	1990	2194266
diseases caused by group b streptococcus in mexico.		1990	2405350
[quantitation of igg antibodies to type ia group b streptococcal type-specific polysaccharides measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].	the type-specific polysaccharide antigen of the group b streptococcus (gbs) type ia as extracted and purified according to the procedures of kane and karakawa. using this purified polysaccharide antigen, we made a sensitive and specific assay system of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and measured the titres of of the type-specific antibodies in maternal sera and cord blood sera. the titres of antibodies in 78 pregnant women (26 ia carriers, 18 other types of gbs carriers and 34 non car ...	1990	2230372
the role of the lumbar puncture in the admission sepsis evaluation of the premature infant.	premature infants with respiratory distress commonly receive evaluation for sepsis, including a lumbar puncture, within a short time after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. we questioned the use of the lumbar puncture during the early sepsis evaluation, and since 1979, have omitted this procedure as part of the initial evaluation for sepsis (within 6 hours of birth) of premature infants. we monitored this policy to detect any change in the incidence of meningitis, and now report resul ...	1990	2313395
septic arthritis in early infancy.	septic arthritis in infants who are less than two months of age is a rare condition. during a recent seven-year period, eighteen cases of infantile septic arthritis were diagnosed at mackay memorial hospital. the ratio of males to females was 1.6:1. the most common symptoms were crying during diaper change, and an immobile and swollen joint. nonspecific symptoms such as fever, poor appetite and lethargy were uncommon. the hip was the most commonly affected joint with the knee taking second place ...	1990	2275368
inhibition of platelet aggregation by a whole cell extract from strains of group b streptococcus.	a whole cell extract (hcl-ext) from strains of group b streptococci (gbs) possessing fibrinogen binding activity prevented the platelet aggregation induced with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (adp), collagen and thrombin, while aggregation by epinephrine and ristocetin was slightly inhibited and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was not affected whatsoever. when the hcl-ext was added after commencement of the aggregation, deaggregation was observed in cases induced by adp, collagen, and th ...	1990	2191472
antigenicity of group b streptococcus strain "m9" and its prevalence in japan.	serological typing of group b streptococci is important for the epidemiological study of group b streptococcal infections. these days, non typable (nt) strains by conventional serotypes were on an increase. in 1984, strain "m9" was isolated from a pregnant woman in meijo hospital, nagoya city; herein the antigenicity and prevalence of strains typed as "m9" were investigated and discussed. the results obtained were as follows: 1) it was confirmed that strain "m9" had a new polysaccharide antigen, ...	1990	2193068
[streptococcus group b in the etiology of neonatal infection].	group b streptococcus (gbs) causes maternal infections during perinatal period and serious neonatal infections. their frequency in our country is still unknown. this study analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 13 neonates inborn at the instituto nacional de perinatología with early or late onset group b streptococcal infection. the incidence of early onset diseases (eogbs) was 0.7 cases/1,000 live births among 20,054 inborn, and 1 case/20,000 live births of late onset dise ...	1990	2193651
[pneumonia in patients with and without immunosuppression--value of bronchoscopic biopsy technics for the detection of pathogens].	bronchoscopic diagnosis was performed in 91 patients with 100 episodes of fresh pneumonia. in already existing immunosuppression (n = 51, group a) pathogens were most frequently identified via bronchoalveolar lavage (70%); in patients without immunosuppression (n = 49, group b) the identification quota in respect of the central bronchial secretion (53%) and bronchoalveolar lavage (47%) were comparable. in group a the most frequently occurring pathogens were pneumocysti carinii (n = 18) and asper ...	1990	2367437
group b streptococcus hemorrhagic tonsillopharyngitis.		1990	2196844
experimental model of type iv streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) infection in mice with early development of septic arthritis.	we have established an experimental murine model to gain insight into the pathogenicity and clinical features of type iv group b streptococcus (gbs) infections. adult cd-1 mice were challenged intravenously with 10(7) type iv gbs cells, inducing systemic invasion. most of the animals were able to clear the infection from the blood, brain, and lungs within 2 weeks and from the spleen and liver within 1 month. however, the animals were unable to clear the microorganism from the joints and kidneys ...	1990	2201646
high-level chromosomal gentamicin resistance in streptococcus agalactiae (group b).	this is the first report of high-level gentamicin resistance in a group b streptococcus. strain b128 of serotype ii was isolated from an infected leg wound in 1987. b128 was resistant to high levels of gentamicin as well as of all other available aminoglycosides and was also resistant to tetracyclines. no bactericidal synergism was found between ampicillin or vancomycin and any of these aminoglycosides. gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance determinants transferred by ...	1990	2203311
prevalence of anti-group b streptococcal type iii capsular igg antibodies in the united kingdom and an analysis of their specific igg subclasses.	neonatal infection due to group b streptococcus (gbs) has a higher incidence in the usa than in the united kingdom. a british population was investigated to ascertain the proportion of women who have protective anti-gbs type iii igg levels. thirty-one (34%) of 90 pregnant women, 10 (43%) of 23 nonpregnant women, and 5 (50%) of 10 mothers of healthy colonized infants had anti-type iii igg greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. of 19 mothers who had infants infected with gbs type iii, 17 (89%) ...	1990	2205651
the clinical significance of immune reactions with some streptococcal antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.	the level of antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity to the group specific polysaccharides and cell wall proteins of groups a, b, c and g streptococci was determined in 247 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as well as in healthy persons and in patients with other articular disorders by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, passive hemaglutination and leukocyte migration inhibition tests. an increase of the immune response to antigens of group b streptococcus was found in pati ...	1990	2213751
postpartum osteomyelitis caused by group b streptococcus.	postpartum infections caused by group b streptococci are generally limited in scope. we report a case of vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus that progressed in the postpartum period to osteomyelitis that necessitated total hip replacement. the patient had no risk factors predisposing to streptococcal osteomyelitis. an altered immune status in pregnancy and intrapartum bacteremia may be involved in the pathogenesis of this infection.	1990	2220928
mycotic aneurysm caused by group b streptococcus: a cautionary tale of management problems and a rare organism.	we report a case of mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery which highlights the diagnostic features and management problems of the condition. our patient required emergency ligation of the artery for life-threatening haemorrhage and subsequently his leg was not viable. the alternative treatment options of simple ligation and excision versus ligation, excision and immediate bypass grafting of the artery are discussed. the causative organism, beta-haemolytic group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae), ...	1990	2223532
polyvalent group b streptococcal immune globulin for intravenous administration: overview.	immunoglobulin therapy is becoming an important modality for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral infection. standard intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is made from large pools of plasma obtained from normal blood donors. however, lot-to-lot variation in titers of antibody to specific microbial pathogens may diminish therapeutic efficacy. since group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important neonatal pathogen, a preparation with high titers of activity against gbs was prepared and stu ...	1990	2194273
rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid by immunofluorescence staining on membrane filters.	a filter-fluorescent-antibody (ffa) staining procedure was developed for detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the sensitivity of this procedure was determined and compared with that of the slide gram stain of centrifuged samples, latex agglutination, and a previously developed filter gram stain. serial 10-fold dilutions of filter-sterilized csf seeded with logarithmic-phase organisms were examined by each method and cultured to determine colony-forming bacteria. the bacteria inclu ...	1990	2185258
group b streptococcal polyarthritis complicating hemophilia b.	we report a case of polyarticular group b streptococcal infection in an hiv-negative 46-year-old alcoholic with factor ix deficiency. septic arthritis occurs infrequently in the hemophilic population despite their chronic joint disease; indications for diagnostic arthrocentesis in these individuals are discussed. the group b streptococcus often behaves as an opportunist in adults.	1990	2120893
demonstration and characterization of buoyant-density subpopulations of group b streptococcus type iii.	group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii (18 strains) was investigated for the presence of buoyant-density subpopulations; 10 strains originated from invasive isolates causing early-onset septicemia, and 8 were colonizing isolates from pregnant women. by repeated processing in hypotonic density gradients of percoll, high- (hd) and low-density (ld) subpopulations were recovered from all strains. synthesis of type-specific polysaccharide (tps) was increased in the invasive isolates and their respectiv ...	1990	2181034
synthesis of a tri- and a tetra-saccharide fragment of the capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus.	syntheses of the propyl glycosides (1-3) of beta-d-galp-(1----4)-beta-d-glcpnac, beta-d-glcp-(1----6)-[beta-d-galp-(1----4)]-beta-d-glcpnac, and beta-d-galp-(1----4)-beta-d-glcp-(1----6)-[beta-d-galp-(1----)]-beta-d- glcpnac, respectively, are reported. reaction of allyl 2-acetamido-3-o-benzyl-2-deoxy-6-o-(4-methoxybenzyl)-beta-d-glucopyranos ide with 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl bromide under hg(cn)2 catalysis, followed by oxidative removal of the 4-methoxybenzyl group, gave ...	1990	2276131
complement c3 deposition onto bacteria by neonatal serum is not enhanced after the infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.	to determine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) on the capacity of serum from septic neonates to deposit complement c3 and igg onto the bacteria isolated from their blood, 500 mg/kg of ivig was administered to 18 neonates suspected of being septic. blood was obtained just before the infusion, and again 15 minutes after its completion. group b streptococcus type ii, group b streptococcus type iii, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from the pre-infusi ...	1990	2107285
ceftriaxone monotherapy for bacterial meningitis in children.	a total of 33 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated with single daily doses of ceftriaxone (ctr 100 mg/kg/day i.v.) for a median duration of 13 days. pathogens isolated by culture and/or determined by latex agglutination were 15 haemophilus influenzae b, 7 neisseria meningitidis, 2 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 group b streptococcus, 2 streptococcus viridans and 2 staphylococcus epidermidis. in 4 cases a diagnosis of purulent meningitis could only be made by means of the inflammatory liq ...	1990	2292206
the opsonic antibody response of female rats to type iii group b streptococcal immunization: a model for maternal immunity.	group b streptococcus (gbs) remains a major cause of neonatal infection. maternal immunization-induced gbs antibody may protect neonates from gbs disease. since the opsonophagocytosis assay correlates well with survival in gbs infected suckling rats, we sought to determine an immunization schedule which would induce type iii gbs opsonic antibody in rat dams above a predetermined level of 10 dilution-1 (dil-1). this schedule could then be used for future studies of maternal-fetal immunity. wistar ...	1990	2180204
evaluation in rural practice of a rapid group b streptococcus screening test.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of infant mortality from infection. a rapid screening immunoassay for gbs was evaluated in a rural obstetrical population and was found to have an unacceptably low specificity (90%) and sensitivity (50%). with a culture proven gbs colonization rate of 6.8%, the positive predictive value of the rapid screening test was only 27%, and the negative predictive value was 96%. current recommendations for routine vaginal cultures, on all women based on ur ...	1990	2182359
relationship of bacteriologic characteristics to semen indices in men attending an infertility clinic.	bacteria can be isolated from most seminal fluid samples, but the significance of these microorganisms is uncertain because most men lack symptoms associated with bacterial infection of the reproductive tract. we obtained semen samples from 37 men attending a special infertility clinic and assessed the relationship between seminal fluid microorganisms and seminal fluid analysis including sperm motility, morphology, and concentration; the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white bl ...	1990	2325963
nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulin a to type ii group b streptococci.	the binding of 125i-labeled human myeloma immunoglobulin a (iga) to four type ii strains and one nontypable strain of group b streptococci was measured after streptococcal chains were broken by brief sonication. some iga binding was observed with all strains, but specific binding (binding that was inhibited by excess unlabeled iga, was dose dependent, and was saturable) occurred only with those strains possessing the trypsin-sensitive beta component of the c protein. similar amounts of binding w ...	1990	2187808
perinatal mortality in victoria, australia: role of group b streptococcus.	group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most common infective cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. it is therefore surprising that no agreement exists for an approach to its prevention. there is also increasing evidence that occult infection may play an etiologic role in premature rupture of the membranes and preterm labor. in this report we review the role of group b beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis as a cause of perinatal wastage in the state of victoria, australia during the peri ...	1990	2240114
perinatal transmission of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases. part ii: group b streptococcus and chlamydia trachomatis.	sexually transmitted diseases (stds) have reached epidemic proportion in the united states and have captured the attention of both laypersons and health care professionals. of special concern is that most stds can be transmitted vertically to the offspring of infected mothers. since the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, other stds have been at risk of being relatively disregarded. this paper, the second of two parts, reviews issues of prevalence, morbidity, mortality, diagnosis, prev ...	1990	2189019
immunogenicity in animals of a polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus.	the native capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus elicits a specific antibody response in only 60% of nonimmune human subjects. to enhance the immunogenicity of this polysaccharide, we coupled the type iii polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid. prior to coupling, aldehyde groups were introduced on the polysaccharide by controlled periodate oxidation, resulting in the conversion of 25% of the sialic acid residues of the polysaccharide to residues of the 8-carbon analogue of sialic a ...	1990	2243123
management of asymptomatic, term gestation neonates born to mothers treated with intrapartum antibiotics.	intrapartum antibiotics are frequently administered to parturient women for suspected chorioamnionitis to treat infection in the mother and to prevent or treat infection in the baby. we sent a questionnaire to the 150 united states fellowship program directors in neonatology and pediatric infectious disease, focusing on recommendations for evaluation and therapy of apparently healthy, pretreated, term gestation infants. eighty-three (55%) of the completed responses were analyzed. sixteen (19%) r ...	1990	2263433
pasteurella multocida meningitis.	the diagnosis of pasteurella multocida meningitis was confused by a false-positive latex particle agglutination test implicating group b streptococcus. this illness and false-positive reactions in antigen detection are discussed.	1990	2407975
neonatal sepsis and infection control policies in australia.	the pattern of neonatal bacterial infection, its management and the types of infection control policy were ascertained in 20 neonatal intensive care units (nicu) in australia by questionnaire survey. group b streptococcus and escherichia coli were the predominant organisms responsible for perinatally acquired infection for which the most common antibiotic combination used was penicillin and gentamicin. staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus (majority methicillin resistant) were the predominant or ...	1990	2265016
prophylactic or simultaneous administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats.	despite the emergence of newer antibiotic treatments, group b streptococcal infection still carries a high mortality rate in the newborn and is characterized by reduced neutrophil proliferative pools, neutrophil storage pools, neutropenia, and polymorphonuclear cell dysfunction. recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhg-csf) has recently been demonstrated to induce neutrophilia and modulate neutrophil proliferative pools and neutrophil storage pools in the newborn rat. we ther ...	1990	1694023
comparison of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and the gram stain for detection of group b streptococcus in high-risk antepartum patients.	early-onset neonatal sepsis with group b streptococci is a major problem in the management of high-risk obstetrics. intrapartum treatment of the colonized mother reduces neonatal acquisition; however, many high-risk patients are delivered before culture results are available. this study prospectively evaluated a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the gram stain for their accuracy in rapid detection of group b streptococci in 131 high-risk patients. twenty positive cultures for group b str ...	1990	1698337
camp-reaction among skin isolates obtained from a dog with an acute squamous eczema.	the primary culture of a clinical specimen obtained from a dog with an acute squamous eczema revealed 3 different bacterial cultures. two of these cultures, a beta-hemolytic staphylococcus aureus and a group b streptococcal culture, demonstrated synergistic hemolytic activities on this primary culture plate. the group b streptococcus had the serotype surface antigens ib/c, protein antigen c in its c beta component.	1990	2082628
seven-day administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to newborn rats: modulation of neonatal neutrophilia, myelopoiesis, and group b streptococcus sepsis.	single-pulse administration of rhg-colony-stimulating factor (csf) to neonatal rats was previously demonstrated to induce peripheral neutrophilia and modulate bone marrow (bm) neutrophil storage and proliferative pools (nsp + npp). in this study, we investigated the prolonged effects of 7 days of rhg-csf therapy (5 micrograms/kg/per day). sprague-dawley newborn rats (less than or equal to 24 hours) were injected intraperitoneally (ip) (daily for 7 days) with rhg-csf or phosphate-buffered saline/ ...	1990	1699622
serogroups of beta-haemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens in parts of eastern nigeria.	from 470 patients, mainly of respiratory infection, attending university of nigeria teaching hospital, enugu, nigeria 212 (45 per cent) strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci were isolated and 25 per cent of the isolates belonged to group b streptococcus. percentage isolation of other groups was a(21.2), g(20.3), c(16.1), d(10.8) and f(5.2). maximum (11.2 per cent) isolates were from age group of 5-17 years. all serogroups were sensitive to penicillin g and ampicillin despite the prevalent misu ...	1990	2098432
an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus.	we have developed an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. purified group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide was depolymerized by enzymatic digestion using endo-beta-galactosidase produced by citrobacter freundii. following enzymatic digestion, oligosaccharides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-75. an oligosaccharide pool of average mr = 14,500 (corresponding to 13.6 repeating units of the type iii po ...	1990	2120228
therapeutic intervention of clinical sepsis with intravenous immunoglobulin, white blood cells and antibiotics.	antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for acute bacterial infections. however, recent studies have suggested that adjunctive therapy designed to augment host immunity, might reduce morbidity and mortality. many bacterial pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and group b streptococcus are encapsulated and require opsonic antibody to promote efficient phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. children with bacterial sepsis may be deficient in both of these components ...	1990	2128662
the role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity--a review.	antepartum bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy has been related to premature delivery, the recovery of microorganisms from amniotic fluid of women in premature labor with intact membranes, to histologic chorioamnionitis and to the recovery of microorganisms from the placenta or membranes. microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis are commonly recovered from the amniotic fluid and chorioamnion of patients who deliver prematurely. in addition, bacterial vaginosis is associated with maternal ...	1990	2178562
human immunoglobulins for intravenous use: comparison of available preparations for group b streptococcal antibody levels, opsonic activity, and efficacy in animal models.	currently available human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (ivigs) are being used (with antibiotics) by some physicians for therapy of sepsis in newborns. most neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis in this country is caused by group b streptococcus (gbs), and most of these cases are due to type iii gbs (iii-gbs). the killing of iii-gbs in vitro is dependent on specific igg antibody. adequate serum levels of specific iii-gbs antibody protect the exposed newborn from the development of ...	1990	2123536
immunoglobulin therapy for neonatal sepsis: an overview of animal and clinical studies.	bacteria such as escherichia coli and group b streptococci are common neonatal pathogens. neonates infected perinatally often develop overwhelming sepsis which may rapidly progress to shock and death in just a few hours. this fulminant course suggests that immunity to these bacteria is deficient. studies from several laboratories have shown that antibody is important in immunity to group b streptococcus. in vitro studies have demonstrated that efficient phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria ...	1990	2081788
increased cell adherence of group b streptococci from preterm infants with neonatal sepsis.	most women with group b streptococcus cervical colonization have uncomplicated pregnancies, but about 1% experience preterm premature rupture of membranes (prom) followed by neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis. in such cases, streptococcal adherence to and penetration of the membranes may be an important step in the pathogenesis. in the present study, chorionic epithelial cells were incubated with group b streptococci isolated from either children developing sepsis after preterm prom (complica ...	1990	2216233
risk factors for neonatal infection.	a retrospective case-control study was designed to assess risk factors for neonatal infection. nonprivate patients (8,215) who delivered in a period from january 1, 1983 to june 30, 1988 were studied. ninety three cases of conjunctivitis (incidence 2.4/1,000), 104 cases of pneumonia (incidence 2.8/1,000), and 50 cases of sepsis (incidence 1.3/1,000) were identified. group b streptococcus was cultured from septic neonates in 46%. calculated odds ratio's indicated prematurity/low birth-weight (or ...	1990	2082889