Publications

interference of secretory immunoglobulin a with sorption of oral bacteria to hydroxyapatite.	the potential of secretory immunoglobulin a (s-iga) to interfere with the initial phase of dental plaque formation was studied by using an in vitro method which permits the quantitative determination of the sorption of radiolabeled oral bacterial cells to hydroxyapatite (ha) beads. the importance of specific s-iga antibodies was evaluated by a comparison of the effect of pure preparations of colostral s-iga, polymeric myeloma iga, or preabsorbed s-iga. specific antibody molecules bound at the ha ...	1981	7014466
bacterial adherence: adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surface.	recent studies have indicated that the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces is the initial event in the pathogenesis of most infectious diseases due to bacteria in animals and humans. an understanding of the mechanisms of attachment and a definition of the adhesive molecules on the surfaces of bacteria (adhesins) as well as those on host cell membranes (receptors) have suggested new approaches to the prevention of serious bacterial infections: (1) application of purified adhesion or recept ...	1981	7014727
new method that uses binding of immunoglobulin a to group a streptococcal immunoglobulin a fc receptors for demonstration of microbial immunoglobulin a protease activity.	a new method is described for the detection of bacterial immunoglobulin a (iga) protease which splits iga into fab and fc fragments. the method takes advantage of a recent finding that receptors for iga fragments occur commonly among type 4 group a streptococci. the bacterial preparation to be tested for protease activity was first incubated with radiolabeled purified iga1 myeloma protein, and the proportion of radioactivity bound to a standard suspension of the streptococci was then measured. s ...	1981	7016917
genetic study of plasmid-associated zonal resistance to lincomycin in streptococcus pyogenes.	the phenomenon of zonal resistance to lincomycin, which is characteristic of most clinical isolates with lincomycin resistance in streptococcus pyogenes, has been studied. these strains grow within a defined concentration range of lincomycin (approximately 60 to 200 microgram/ml), or at lincomycin concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration for susceptible strains. it is shown that the zonal growth phenomenon is a stable phenotype and results from induction of resistance only withi ...	1981	7018388
ionic interaction of oral streptococcal bacteria studied by partition in an aqueous polymer two-phase system.	the net surface charge of various oral streptococci were assessed by aqueous two-phase partitioning in a dextran-polyethylene glycol system. great variability was found among individual strains within all species tested. type 1 strains of streptococcus sanguis serotypes which have been found to be more adherent, exposed a lower negative net surface charge than type 2 strains.	1981	6951510
ultrastructural location of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis antigens in carious human dentine.	the ultrastructural localization of bacterial antigens of streptococcus sanguis and of the various serotypes a,b,c,d,e,f and g of streptococcus mutans was studied in human carious dentine using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with appropriate controls. no positive staining was seen in adjacent normal dentine. in the inner dentine underlying the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. in sclerosed tubules, or on the plasmalemma of the odontoblast pr ...	1981	7035442
expression of streptococcal plasmid-determined resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin in escherichia coli.		1981	7035838
microbial surface interactions: reduction of the haemagglutination activity of the oral bacterium fusobacterium nucleatum by absorption with streptococcus and bacteroides.	oral strains of fusobacterium nucleatum showed haemagglutination (ha) of sheep red blood cells and attachment of ha-active f. nucleatum fragments to other microorganisms allowed a means of studying microbial surface interactions. ha-active sonicated fragments (sf) prepared from f. nucleatum were mixed with whole cell suspensions of 48 bacterial strains and, after incubation, the whole cells were separated from the non-absorbed fragments by differential centrifugation. attachment of f. nucleatum ...	1981	7041865
adherence of streptococcus sanguis clinical isolates to smooth surfaces and interactions of the isolates with streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase.	streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque were grown in todd-hewitt broth. cells were collected by centrifugation and lyophilized after extensive washing with water. the cell-associated glucosyltransferase (gtase) activities of s. sanguis strains were assayed with [14c]sucrose. strain differences in gtase activity were significant within the same serotype or biotype or both. the ability of s. sanguis cells to adhere to smooth glass surfaces was generally weak, irrespective of signi ...	1981	6452415
[extracellular polysaccharides of plaque streptococci. 1. thin-layer chromatographic studies (author's transl)].		1981	6455883
inactivation of d-glucosyltransferases from oral streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis by photochemical oxidation.	cell-free d-glucosyltransferase of d-glucose-grown streptococcus mutans aht was completely inactivated in the presence of 0.002% of methylene blue at 25 degrees and ph 7.0 after illumination with a 150-w incandescent lamp. the rate of inactivation was decreased at ph values less than 7.0. histidine was the only amino acid residue modified to a significant extent, and the rates of oxidation of histidine residues and loss of enzyme activity closely agreed. production of both water-insoluble and -s ...	1981	6456065
effects of local immunization of hamsters with glucosyltransferase antigens from streptococcus sanguis on dental caries caused by streptococcus mutans.		1981	6461318
common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: immunochemical studies of extracellular and cell-wall-associated antigens from streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus salivarius, and actinomyces viscosus.	soluble extracellular antigens (esa) were prepared from the culture supernatant of exponential growing cells of streptococcus sanguis omz 9 by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on a bio-gel p6 column. soluble cell wall antigens (wea) were obtained from the bacterial pellet by extraction with 1 m phosphate buffer (ph 6). antisera against whole cells of s. sanguis and s. mutans of different serotypes, 10% trichloroacetic extracts of bacterial cell walls, dextran, e ...	1981	6783541
secretory immunity and the bacterial iga proteases.	the characteristics and functions of microbial iga proteases are reviewed. these enzymes represent a structurally heterogeneous group of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment by bacteria capable of causing human disease. the iga proteases, which vary in their requirements for metal ions, are neutral endopeptidases whose role in the infectious process is not known but whose pronounced substrate specificity for human proteins of the iga1 subclass has repeatedly been demonst ...	1981	6792682
bacterial adhesion in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on streptococcal adhesion in vitro and the development of endocarditis in rabbits.	bacterial adhesion to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (nbte) is important in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. subinhibitory concentrations (submic) of some antibiotics decrease bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro. we utilized an in vitro assay system to study the effect of submic of various antibiotics on streptococcal adhesion to a fibrin-platelet matrix (simulating nbte). the results were (a) bacterial adhesion of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus fa ...	1981	6795232
relationship between saliva and serum agglutination titers and post-irradiation caries activity in cancer patients.	agglutination titers in 444 saliva and 481 serum samples from 36 head and neck cancer patients and 16 control subjects were determined against formalinized cellular antigens of streptococcus and lactobacillus species. saliva agglutination titers were significantly higher in cancer patients before radiotherapy than in control subjects. changes in specific saliva agglutination titers to oral isolates following radiotherapy reflected changes in saliva iga and post-irradiation caries activity. patie ...	1981	6934185
[the isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factor from an oral bacterium, streptococcus sanguis (author's transl)].		1981	6945350
in vitro effect of tobacco on the growth of oral cariogenic streptococci.	most pouch and plug chewing tobaccos with high sugar contents are able to support the growth of s mutans and s sanguis in vitro. snuff and unprocessed tobacco, although not able to stimulate growth of these organisms, do not inhibit growth. inhibitory agents present in tobacco leaves do not preclude use of tobacco sugars by the organisms tested. because factors other than bacterial populations play an important role in caries initiation, clinical studies are needed to identify the effects of com ...	1981	6946137
salivary composition, phenytoin ingestion and gingival overgrowth.	unstimulated and stimulated whole and unstimulated and stimulated parotid saliva were collected from subjected in three groups: i, control; ii, seizure subjects ingesting phenytoin and without gingival overgrowth; iii, seizure subjects receiving phenytoin and with grades 1 and 2 gingival overgrowth. unstimulated whole saliva was obtained from mentally retarded donors with grade 3 phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth. the samples were analyzed for protein, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferr ...	1981	6946208
plasmid transformation of streptococcus sanguis (challis) occurs by circular and linear molecules.	transformation of streptococcus sanguis (challis) by antibiotic resistance plasmids has shown that (a) competence developed with identical kinetics for chromosomal and plasmid dna; (b) dependence of transformant yield on plasmid dna concentration was second order; (c) open circular plasmid dna transformed challis, although at reduced frequency, (d) linearization of plasmid dna by restriction enzymes cutting at unique sites inactivated the transforming capacity; (e) transforming activity was rest ...	1981	6946273
preliminary fractionation of fluoride-binding constituents of human oral streptococcus sanguis.		1981	6946742
ultrasonic dispersion of pure cultures of plaque bacteria and plaque.	this study compared the sonic sensitivity of 12 gram-negative and two gram-positive bacteria commonly encountered in plaque associated with periodontal diseases. pure bacterial cultures were grown to standard turbidity, diluted in 1/4 strength prereduced anaerobically sterilized ringer's solution, and aliquots dispersed for 0-180 s, using an mse sonic oscillator at 6 micron under 80% n2, 10% h2 and 10% co2. viable recoveries were determined on anaerobically cultured trypticase soy 5% blood agar ...	1981	6947390
genetic transfer of markers for sorbitol (d-glucitol) metabolism in oral streptococci.		1981	6947740
the effect of media containing sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides on the ability of streptococci to form dental plaque-like deposits on nichrome steel wire in vitro.		1981	6947746
uptake of fluoride and its inhibitory effects in oral microorganisms in culture.		1981	6947766
fluoride accumulation by oral microorganisms.	ten laboratory strains of oral microorganisms and 17 recent clinical isolates were examined for their ability to concentrate fluoride from a 1 ppm (0.05 mm naf( fluoride solution. the laboratory strains concentrated the ion from two- to six-fold over the surrounding media. clinical isolates of actinomyces concentrated the ion to similar levels to the laboratory strains of this organism; however, clinical isolates of streptococcus mutans and s. sanguis concentrated the fluoride significantly less ...	1981	6936461
microbial adhesion to surfaces with different surface charges.	the adhesion behaviour of streptococcus sanguis was studied on well-defined stearic and behenic acid multilayers which were prepared by depositing fatty acids on a solid substrate according to the langmuir-blodgett technique. using this technique and by adjustment of the substrate ph it was possible to form outer surfaces consisting of either close-packed methyl or carboxyl end-groups. thus adhesion was studied on non-polar surfaces formed by the methyl end-groups and on high density negatively ...	1981	6948486
role of streptococcus sanguis (strain wicky) cell surface-located deoxyribonucleic acid-binding factor in transformation of a homologous strain.	in a previous report we demonstrated the presence of a factor binding deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in vitro (bf) in cell leakage fluids from transformable streptococcus sanguis strains wicky, challis, and blackburn. bf originating from strain wicky was purified to homogeneity, and its properties are described. in this work, it was found that bf occurs at the surface of wicky cells in two forms, loosely bound (lb-bf) and strongly bound to the cell envelope. it was demonstrated that lb-bf formed fa ...	1981	6894295
utilization of hydroxyapatite adsorbable salivary proteins as growth substrates for plaque-forming oral streptococci.	following treatment with hydroxyapatite, clarified mixed saliva from one donor source lost much of its growth-supportive activity for s. mutans va-29r (type c). growth of the organism in a basal medium containing proteins desorbed from ha with 0.067 m potassium phosphate buffer, ph 8.0, was accompanied by the disappearance of some of the proteins, including those with isoelectric points of 4.90, 5.72, and 6.00. these proteins are among those known to be specifically attacked by s. mutans. these ...	1981	6268674
molecular cloning in streptococci: physical mapping of the vehicle plasmid psm10 and demonstration of intergroup dna transfer.	the streptococcal resistance plasmid psm10 (8.3 kb), a deletion derivative of psm10419 (22.9 kb) determining constitutive erythromycin and lincomycin resistance, was physically mapped with the restriction endonucleases avai, avaii, ecori, hpai, kpni, pvuii (one site each), hindiii, haeii (three sites each), hincii (four sites), and hhai (five sites). using the cryptic plasmid pva318 as cloning vehicle, the largest hindiii fragment of psm10 (3.3 kb) was shown to contain the erythromycin/lincomyci ...	1981	6268942
isolation of a protein-containing cell surface component from streptococcus sanguis which affects its adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite.	the isolation and partial characterization of a protein-containing cell surface component from streptococcus sanguis which blocks the adherence of this microbe to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite are described. several methods of extraction were attempted. sonication of whole cells and cell walls proved to be the most successful and yielded biologically active adherence-blocking components. the adherence-blocking ability of these components was effective in intraspecies blocking experiments. the ext ...	1981	6273317
location of antibiotic resistance determinants, copy control, and replication functions on the double-selective streptococcal cloning vector pgb301.	the physical map of the streptococcal cloning vector pgb301 (9.8 kb) has been extended by localizing the cleavage sites of restriction endonucleases avaii, avai, bcli, bsteii, and pvuii. the latter four enzymes cleaved pgb301 at unique sites. insertion of chromosomal dna from staphylococcus aureus strain 3ar-m- into the single bsteii site of pgb301 led to inactivation of the plasmid's chloramphenicol resistance determinant. twelve deletion derivatives of pgb301 were isolated either by in vitro m ...	1981	6278245
dextransucrase: acceptor substrate reactions.		1981	6167205
dextransucrase: donor substrate reactions.		1981	6167206
[fibrinolytic system in human saliva activated by oral bacteria].		1981	6129013
construction of plasmid vectors for gene cloning in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis.	the construction and some properties of new hybrid plasmids which are able to replicate in both escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis are presented. a 5.5 md hybrid plasmid pjp9 was constructed from pbr322 (tc, ap) and pub110 (nm) plasmids. pim1 (7.0 md) and pim3 (7.7 md) plasmids are its different erythromycin resistant derivatives. tetracycline, ampicillin, neomycin and possibly erythromycin resistance genes are expressed in e. coli while neomycin and erythromycin resistance genes are express ...	1982	6189371
positive coooperativity in the binding of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite beads has been analyzed by binding isotherms, langmuir isotherms, and scatchard plots. for saliva-coated beads, the scatchard curves contained components with both positive and negative slopes. the results are interpreted as evidence for positive cooperativity in the binding process. although all scatchard curves were similar in shape, distinct differences were observed between saliva samples from different individuals. salivary agglutini ...	1982	6172378
effect of gramicidin d on the acidogenic properties of oral streptococci and human dental plaque.	the effect of gramicidin d, gramicidin s, and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone on the glycolysis of various oral streptococci was investigated. gramicidin d was the most effective and inhibited the glycolysis of all the streptococci studied in the presence of the most common sugars found in man's diet (sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose). a concentration of 2.5 x 10(-6) m gramicidin d was sufficient to decrease significantly the rate of glycolysis of human dental plaque in ...	1982	6177722
antigenic determinant of the lancefield group h antigen of streptococcus sanguis.	previous studies indicated that the teichoic acid isolated from strains of streptococcus sanguis was group specific and defined the lancefield group h streptococci. to determine the specific antigenic determinants, the antigen was extracted from a group h streptococcus (atcc 903) by the phenol-water method and purified by column chromatography. the isolated antigen had a glycerol/phosphate/glucose molar ratio of 1:0.9:0.3; the lipid concentration was 7.6% of its dry weight. no nucleic acids were ...	1982	6185428
characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from actinomyces viscosus by a model aggregation system.	a simple model system has been developed in which lectin-mediated aggregation of glycoprotein-coated beads can be monitored by following the decrease in light scattering at 650 nm. aggregation has been characterized with the lectin of actinomyces viscosus t14v. its dependence on ph, temperature, and stirring rate was examined, and the number of bacterial cells in relation to the number of latex beads resulting in optimal aggregation was established. this system has the advantage of permitting th ...	1982	6185429
molecular cloning in the streptococci.		1982	6279083
oxygen toxicity in streptococcus sanguis. the relative importance of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.	streptococcus sanguis, whose growth appears to be independent of the availability of iron, makes no hemes, contains neither catalase nor peroxidase, and can accumulate millimolar concentration levels of h2o2 during aerobic growth. it possesses a single manganese-containing superoxide dismutase whose concentration can be varied over a 50-100-fold range by manipulating the availability of oxygen during growth. cell extracts contain a soluble nadh-plumbagin diaphorase which mediates o2- production ...	1982	6279624
transformation of streptococcus sanguis (challis) by linear plasmid molecules.	the streptococcal erythromycin resistance plasmid psm9 was used to study the problem of how the transforming activity of mixtures of two unique linear products of restriction enzyme digestion depends on the distance between the cleavage sites. in transformation of the challis strain of s. sanguis, the transforming activity of mixed digests increased with increasing relative distances (x) between the restriction sites, where 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5. to explain the expe ...	1982	6285148
helper plasmid cloning in streptococcus sanguis: cloning of a tetracycline resistance determinant from the streptococcus mutans chromosome.	a model system for testing the helper plasmid cloning system of gryczan et al. (mol. gen. genet. 177:459-467, 1980) was devised for the streptococcus sanguis (challis) host-vector system. in this system, linearized pva736 plasmid efficiently transformed an s. sanguis (challis) host containing a homologous plasmid, pva380-1, but did not transform a plasmidless host or a host containing a nonhomologous plasmid, pva380. in addition, whereas monomeric circular pva736 transformed a plasmidless host w ...	1982	6288658
effect of streptococcal cell wall components on bone metabolism in vitro.	cell was components from streptococcus mutans nctc 10449 and streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 stimulated the release of 45ca from prelabeled mouse calvariae in organ culture. bone resorbing activity was not blocked by fetal calf serum. it was, however, blocked by calcitonin, an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, partially blocked endogenous but not antigen-stimulated 45ca, suggesting that antigen-stimulated bone resorption was no ...	1982	6291729
hydrophobic interactions and the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.	streptococcus sanguis demonstrated a high affinity for hydrocarbon solvents. when aqueous suspensions of the organism were mixed with either hexadecane or toluene, the cells tended to bind to the nonaqueous solvent. increases in temperature resulted in a greater affinity of cells for hexadecane. interaction between the cells and hexadecane was also enhanced by dilute aqueous sodium chloride and by low ph (ph less than 5). the results suggest that the cell surface of s. sanguis has hydrophobic pr ...	1982	6292108
a cloning vector able to replicate in escherichia coli and streptococcus sanguis.	a plasmid that is able to replicate in both escherichia coli and streptococcus sanguis has been constructed by the in vitro joining of the pacyc184 (cmr tcr) and pva749 (emr) replicons. this plasmid, designated pva838, is 9.2 kb in size and expresses emr in both e. coli and s. sanguis. its cmr marker is expressed only in e. coli and may be inactivated by addition of dna inserts at its internal ecori or pvuii sites. the pva838 molecule also contains unique sali, sphi, bamhi, nrui and xbai cleavag ...	1982	6295886
[clinical trial of cefmenoxime in children].	cefmenoxime (cmx) was intravenously administered to 20 children with the following bacterial infection; pneumonia in 14 cases, purulent meningitis in 2 cases, pyothorax in 2 cases, urinary tract infection in 1 case and brain abscess in 1 case. the daily dosage administered in meningitis, pyothorax and brain abscess ranged from 145-311 mg/kg/day, from 43-88 mg/kg/day in other bacterial infections. the therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 15, good in 3, poor in 2 patients, efficacy rate being 90% ...	1982	6302340
chemostat studies of the effect of environmental control on streptococcus sanguis adherence to hydroxyapatite.	streptococcus sanguis is a major component of early dental plaque. the ability of s. sanguis to adhere to salivary pellicle appears to involve specific bacterial surface receptors. the nature of these receptors is still not known; however, the component molecules may be subject to environmental control as has been shown for teichoic acids and certain proteins. to study these environmental effects, a chemostat was employed to vary the growth conditions of streptococcus sanguis strain g9b. this st ...	1982	6274803
characteristic differences between saliva-dependent aggregation and adhesion of streptococci.	comparison of saliva-mediated aggregation of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus mutans and adhesion of these organisms to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite showed that there was no relationship between these two activities. adsorption of salivary aggregating activity to bacteria appears to have little effect on the ability of the residual saliva to support adherence; conversely, adsorption of salivary adherence factors to hydroxyapatite does not affect aggregation. although ...	1982	6274804
bacterial invasion of pulpal dentin wall in vitro.	instrumented root canals of extracted human teeth were inoculated with known pulpal bacterial isolates. the inoculated teeth were immersed in the appropriate culture media and incubated at 37 degrees c for varying periods. streptococci multiplied in the root canals and invaded the radicular dentinal tubules. the extent of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. this experimental model of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. this experimental model may be useful in investigating the effect of in ...	1982	6120188
antibodies against the ag2 fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v inhibit lactose-sensitive bacterial adherence.	monospecific antisera against the ag1 and ag2 fimbrial components of actinomyces viscosus t14v were produced by immunizing rabbits with immune precipitates of each antigen harvested from crossed-immunoelectrophoresis plates. the fab fragments prepared from these sera were used as specific reagents in immunoelectron microscopy to identify each fimbrial component on the bacterial surface and also were assayed for their abilities to prevent the coaggregation of a. viscosus t14v with streptococcus s ...	1982	6124506
whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for streptococcus sanguis fimbrial antigens.	a whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bactelisa) was developed for detecting fimbrial antigens on streptococcus sanguis. in this assay, s. sanguis cells were directly adhered to polystyrene or polyvinyl via drying. use of the assay indicated that consistently high and uniform optical densities could be obtained from well to well. in addition, radioactive assaying indicated increased adsorption to the polystyrene wells over polyvinyl, suggesting that polystyrene may prove supe ...	1982	6125528
humoral immune response to oral microorganisms in periodontitis.	serum antibody titers from patients with periodontitis were compared with those from periodontally healthy subjects. with the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibody titers to isolates of streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides ochraceus, and fusobacterium nucleation were determined. antibod ...	1982	6126434
protease production by streptococcus sanguis associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis.	a viridans streptococcus (streptococcus sanguis biotype ii) isolated from the blood of a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis was examined for protease production. in broth culture, extracellular proteolytic enzymes were not produced by this organism until after the early exponential phase of growth, with maximal protease production occurring during the stationary phase. four distinct proteases were isolated and purified from the supernatant fluids of stationary-phase cultures, employing ...	1982	6759404
nephelometric assay for the immunoglobulin a1-protease produced by the oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis.	streptococcus sanguis, an initiator of human dental plaque, produces an endopeptidase which cleaves immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) at the hinge region. a rapid nephelometric assay was developed for the quantitation of iga1-specific protease activity. the protease was produced in dialysis cultures which yielded cell-free fluids having 14 times the specific activity of conventional cultures. assay was based on the difference in detectable iga1 concentrations at the start and termination of the reaction; ...	1982	6760837
oral flora of children with "nursing bottle caries".	s. mutans averaged about 60% of the total cultivable flora of dental plaque obtained from caries lesions, white spot margins of these lesions, or clinically-sound areas of upper anterior teeth, and averaged about 27% in plaque from mostly clinically-sound areas of posterior teeth of six children with nursing bottle caries; its concentrations in saliva averaged about 10% of the total cultivable flora. nearly all of 107 isolated s. mutans strains belonged to the serotype group c/e/f. the proportio ...	1982	6948854
a microbiological analysis of human early carious and non-carious fissures.	the fissure sampling technique consisted of removing the fissure using a bur in a high-speed handpiece with water spray and then suctioning the fissural contents and the water spray into a sterile sampling container. sixty-eight teeth were sampled. total bacterial counts, total streptococcal counts, and counts of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus faecalis, actinomyces viscosus, and lactobacilli were performed on the fissural samples. there was a four-fold increase in the ...	1982	6949945
a comparative study of enzymes involved in glucose phosphorylation in oral streptococci.	the properties of two enzymes involved in the phosphorylation of glucose were studied in three oral streptococci species. the glucokinase of streptococcus mutans had a lower affinity for glucose and atp than did those from s. salivarius and s. sanguis. the enzyme had an identical ph optimum (ph 8.0) in all three bacteria. however, the result from the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system showed a different pattern when its activity was measured using 2-deoxyglucose with toluenized cells. ...	1982	6948019
effect of penicillin on streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man.	the effect of penicillin on the number of oral streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated. this is of interest as s. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while s. sanguis is not. hamsters infected with both s. mutans and s. sanguis or only s. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. the treatment reduced the proportion of s. mutans and s. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. after th ...	1982	6810446
common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: isolation and biochemical characterization of the extracellular protein antigen.	an extracellular soluble common protein (ecp) has been purified from extracellular soluble fractions of exponential phase cultures of streptococcus sanguis omz9, of a representative strain of each of bratthall's seven serological groups of streptococcus mutans, and of one strain each of lactobacillus salivarius and actinomyces viscosus. the ecp antigens from the different strains were prepared from sds-dissociated immunoprecipitates by affinity chromatography on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin col ...	1982	6816904
[the role of iga in allergic disease].	within the framework of immunological mechanisms involved in allergic forms, and view of the fact that immunoglobulins represent one of the cardinal points thereof, the attention is focused on the iga, first getting a deeper insight into the current knowledge of their structure and localization, which has recently been added to with some important details. the models set forth are aimed to show the molecular organization of monomeric and polymeric iga, and the functional significance of their di ...	1982	6821451
streptococcus sanguis biotype ii meningitis in a premature infant.		1982	7044645
phagocytic and killing activity of human blood, gingival crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes for oral streptococci.	the phagocytosis and killing of oral streptococci by blood, crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) were examined using a visual assay based on differential staining of viable and non-viable microorganisms by acridine orange. crevicular pmnl were 83% viable, 19% contained bacteria on collection, and phagocytosis occurred in vitro in 66% of glass-adherent leukocytes. salivary pmnl were 56% viable, 11% contained bacteria on collection, and 44% phagocytosed streptococci in vitr ...	1982	7045181
the streptococcal flora of the tongue of the monkey macaca fascicularis.	the major streptococcal biotypes in the 8 monkeys investigated resembled streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitior with streptococcus salivarius forming only 5 to 6 per cent of the total colony count and being isolated from only 4 monkeys. the predominant tongue streptococci were not isolated from the dental plaque. similarly, streptococcus mutans, present in large numbers in the plaque of monkeys fed sucrose-rich diets, was isolated from the tongue of only 2 animals and formed only 2.4 per ...	1982	7046706
effect of altitude exposure on induction of streptococcal endocarditis in young and middle-aged rats.	young (age 2 months) and middle-aged (age 10 month) rats were injected once with a culture of streptococcus sanguis and exposed for 24 h to 7620 m altitude. at 6 d 54% of the exposed and 30% of the unexposed middle-aged rats had bacterial endocarditis. myocarditis developed in 63% of the injected exposed rats of both ages, in 11% of the injected unexposed middle-aged rats, and in none of the unexposed young adults. interstitial nephritis was found in 46-66% of the injected, unexposed young and m ...	1982	7055489
an effect of communal caging on the streptococcal flora of the dental plaque of monkeys (macaca fascicularis).	22 monkeys were randomly allocated to one or other of 2 communes and fed a caries-promoting high sucrose diet. after 28 weeks commune 1 (13 monkeys) was found to harbour streptococcus mutans serotype e as the predominant streptococcal species, but no monkey in commune 2 harboured this serotype. instead the 9 monkeys of commune 2 harboured streptococcus milleri in their dental plaque. the significance of these observations on the use of monkeys as a model of human dental caries is discussed.	1982	7062714
clinical significance of viridans streptococci isolated from blood cultures.	the clinical significance of viridans streptococci isolated from the blood cultures of 86 patients was determined. isolates that were significant or suggestive of infection represented only 21% of the cases. among 54 isolates for which the species was known, streptococcus sanguis ii was the most common. however, a significant association between species and clinical significance was not found.	1982	7068840
septic sternoclavicular arthritis with pasteurella multocida and streptococcus sanguis.		1982	7073777
adsorption of lysozyme from human whole saliva by streptococcus sanguis 903 and other oral microorganisms.	several strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii plus fresh isolates of streptococcus salivarius were surveyed for their abilities to deplete lysozyme from human-whole-saliva supernatant. bacteria were incubated in saliva for 60 min at 37 degrees c and then removed by centrifugation, and the recovered supernatant solutions were assayed for lysozyme activity by using whole cells of micrococcus lysodeikticus as th ...	1982	7076291
role of granulocytes in experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	we investigated the role of granulocytes during the induction and course of experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis in rabbits by depleting blood granulocytes with nitrogen mustard. the induction of the endocarditis was not influenced by granulocytopenia: the 50% infectious dose was 5.4 x 10(4) colony-forming units in normal and granulocytopenic rabbits. however, granulocytopenia influenced the curse of the endocarditis, as shown by a significant increase in the number of colony-forming ...	1982	7076302
inhibitors of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34: beta-galactosides, related sugars, and anionic amphipathic compounds.	coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v (t14v) and streptococcus sanguis 34 (ss34) depends upon specific reaction between lectin on t14v and carbohydrate on ss34. studies on coaggregation inhibition by sugars related to d-galactose, beta-galactosides, and amphipathic molecules revealed: (i) d-fucose, d-talose approximately equal to d-galactose, which was 0.2 potency of lactose. no other hexoses or pentoses inhibited at 0.1 m. (ii) gal beta (1 leads to 3)galnac alpha och2c6h5 was the most ...	1982	7076303
influence of sodium and potassium ions on acid production by washed cells of streptococcus mutans ingbritt and streptococcus sanguis nctc 7865 grown in a chemostat.	a comparison was made of acid production by cells of streptococcus mutans ingbritt and s. sanguis nctc 7865 that had been washed twice and incubated in different concentrations of sodium and potassium ions. organisms were grown under defined conditions in a chemostat under both glucose limitation and glucose excess conditions at a dilution rate of 0.1 h(-1) (mean generation time, 6.9 h). acid production after a pulse of glucose, sucrose, and fructose was measured by ph fall experiments and as a ...	1982	7085068
production of lipoteichoic acid by lactobacilli and streptococci grown in different environments.	representative strains of streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 and of four lactobacillus species were examined for the production of cellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acid (lta) when grown at ph 6.0 in batch culture to the stationary phase with either glucose or fructose. extracellular lta was a minor component in all cases except for l. fermentum and l. casei nird r094 grown in fructose. the total amount of lta (cellular and extracellular) produced by fructose-grown cultures was also consider ...	1982	7095852
specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: ii. evidence for a lectin on streptococcus sanguis with specificity for a neuac alpha 2, 3ga1 beta 1, 3ga1nac sequence.		1982	7104000
isolation and analysis of sacculi from streptococcus sanguis.	sacculi were prepared from streptococcus sanguis 34 by exhaustive extraction of bacteria with hot 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-0.5% 2-mercaptoethanol. lyophilized residue was dissociated by brief sonication to single bodies closely resembling streptococci in phase-contrast microscopic density, staining properties, and morphology. electron micrographs revealed bodies that contained variable amounts of cellular contents and were bounded by intact cell walls. chemical analyses of sacculi demonstrated ...	1982	7107558
growth inhibition of oral streptococci in saliva by anionic proteins from two caries-free individuals.	mixed saliva from two caries-free individuals possessed antimicrobial activity toward streptococcus mutans and s. sanguis. this inhibitory activity was attributed to the presence of a group of four anionic proteins each of which strongly inhibited the growth of the oral streptococci in a saliva protein-based medium but not in a medium containing amino acids as a nitrogen source. these proteins, with isoelectric points of 4.70, 4.90, 4.98, and 5.05, respectively, neither reacted with antisera to ...	1982	7118248
failure of erythromycin in preventing bacterial endocarditis.	use of oral erythromycin to prevent bacterial endocarditis has been accepted in the treatment of penicillin-allergic patients who required oral or sinusal surgery. a case of streptococcus sanguis endocarditis, however, developed in a patient following intravenous erythromycin administration during surgery on the maxillary sinus. the organism isolated proved resistant to erythromycin. this isolation of an erythromycin-resistant organism, together with previous reports of the drug's failure in pre ...	1982	7125782
isolation and characterization of coaggregation-defective mutants of actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and streptococcus sanguis.	spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these two kinds of bacteria. cog- mutants of each kind of bacteria were isolated by a simple enrichment scheme. parent strains were mixed with a coaggregating partner strain, coaggregated cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and non-coaggregated cells were recycled by the addition of more partner strain cells. cog- mutants ...	1982	7129635
biosynthesis of glucosyl monophosphoryl undecaprenol and its role in lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis.	a glucophospholipid was detected in an incubation mixture containing udp-glucose, mgcl2, atp, and a particulate enzyme prepared from streptococcus sanguis. the synthesis of this lipid was inhibited strongly by udp and moderately by ump. the molar ratio of glucose to phosphate in the purified lipid was found to be 1:1. glucose and glucose 1-phosphate were released by mild alkaline hydrolysis of the glucophospholipid. the lipid produced by mild acid degradation of the purified lipid yielded a thin ...	1982	7130126
successful prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal endocarditis with bacteriostatic antibiotics.	because bacteriostatic concentrations of vancomycin are effective in prophylaxis against endocarditis due to streptococcus sanguis in rats, the efficacy of three other bacteriostatic antibiotics was investigated against three different streptococcal species that cause subacute endocarditis in humans: streptococcus intermedius. s. sanguis, and streptococcus mitior. rats were challenged by intravenous injection of 2 x 10(5) colony-forming units of streptococci 24 hr after intracardiac insertion of ...	1982	7142750
enhanced saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation and decreased bacterial adhesion in caries-resistant versus caries-susceptible individuals.	a study of saliva-mediated aggregation and adhesion has been carried out in a group of caries-resistant (cr) and caries-susceptible (cs) individuals. the submandibular saliva of the cs group had a much greater potency, as determined by dilution, in promoting adherence to hydroxyapatite beads than did the saliva of cr group. in contrast, the cr group demonstrated a twofold enhancement of saliva-mediated aggregation compared with the cs group. these observations support the hypothesis that saliva- ...	1982	7152662
a competence specific inducible protein promotes in vivo recombination in streptococcus sanguis.	we describe the first example of a recombination-specific protein induced during the development of competence for transformation in streptococcus sanguis. elaborated in response to stimulation by competence-protein, the 51,000 molecular weight (mw) polypeptide is one of at least 10 new polypeptides transiently induced during the competence phase. biochemical and genetic analyses of the parental, cipa+ (competence specific inducible polypeptide a), and mutant, cipa, strains have shown that the 5 ...	1982	6953305
blood-group-reactive glycoprotein from human saliva interacts with lipoteichoic acid on the surface of streptococcus sanguis cells.	[3h]-glycerol-labelled lipoteichoic acid (lta) was extracted from streptococcus sanguis cells using aqueous phenol. chemical analysis of the lta yielded phosphate:glycerol:glucose:fatty acids in the mole ratio 1.0:0.97:0.76:0.03. the lta inhibited the interaction between strep. sanguis cells and a high mol. wt blood-group-reactive glycoprotein (bgr-glycoprotein) isolated from human saliva and reduced strep. sanguis-mediated haemagglutination activity. purified lta from strep. mutans strains omz6 ...	1982	6953942
tooth colored dental restorative materials: porosities and surface topography in relation to bacterial adhesion.	the present investigation was carried out to determine whether differences in initial bacterial accumulation on dental restorations could be explained by differences in surface topography, particularly porosities, of the materials. a point counting method was used to determine the number and the size of the porosities in 15 materials. the results demonstrated great variation among the materials in the number of porosities. however, in vitro bacterial adhesion tests failed to show any relationshi ...	1982	6954828
saliva-induced aggregation of streptococci. solubilization of a bacterial surface receptor.		1982	6956448
inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products.	bacterial-neutrophil interactions may be critical determinants of virulence in periodontal diseases. this study was undertaken to examine the ability of major bacterial species from the human oral cavity to inhibit (1) peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis, (2) chemotactic formylmethionyl peptide binding, and (3) phagocytosis. included were cultured supernatants and sonic extracts obtained from strains of capnocytophaga, bacteroides gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroides asaccharolyti ...	1982	6956714
streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva after mouthrinsing with snf2.	mouthrinses with snf2 in 11 subjects significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) the total colony forming units (cfu) count and the numbers of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in plaque. the numbers of s. mutans and s. sanguis were significantly more reduced than was the total cfu count. after rinsing with snf2s. sanguis was present in 97% and s. mutans in only 42% of plaque samples from tooth surfaces where they were detected after rinsing with water. snf2 also significantly reduced ...	1982	6957968
production of acids in rat dental plaque with or without streptococcus mutans.		1982	6958370
minimum inhibitory concentration of surfactants for plaque antiadherents.		1982	6959696
adherence of streptococcus sanguis to salivary mucin bound to glass.	this study demonstrated that human submandibular-sublingual saliva (hsmsl) provided a better substrate than did whole saliva or parotid saliva for the binding of streptococcus sanguis in a glass adherence assay. additional evidence indicated that the lower molecular weight salivary mucin in hsmsl was involved in these interactions. mucin's sialic acid residues were found to play a major role in mediating the binding of certain strains of streptococcus sanguis.	1982	6960040
colonization and cariogenic potential in hamsters of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque.	strains of strep. sanguis, freshly isolated from human dental plaque, were successfully implanted into albino hamsters. transmission of the organisms from infected to uninfected animals occurred naturally. the transfer was as effective between unrelated hamsters as between dams and their offspring. three of the strains tested did not cause caries in hamsters. laboratory strains of strep. sanguis did not colonize the hamsters. two morphological variants of strep. sanguis with different abilities ...	1982	6961894
effect of extracellular polysaccharides on diffusion of naf and [14c]-sucrose in human dental plaque and in sediments of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis 804 (nctc 10904).	it has been postulated that extracellular polysaccharides form a barrier to diffusion in dental plaque. diffusion coefficients, d, were measured for naf and [14c]-sucrose in glucan-free and glucan-containing sediments of strep. sanguis 804 at 37 degrees c. there was a tendency for naf and [14c]-sucrose to diffuse faster as the carbohydrate concentration in the sediments increased. naf diffused only 38 per cent more slowly in cell-free glucan sediment than in water, suggesting that glucan per se ...	1982	6961914
[on the external action of fluorides: their antibacterial and plaque-inhibiting significance. i: literature survey and in vitro studies].		1982	6963802
lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate protect bacteria from hydrogen peroxide.	lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate were shown to protect escherichia coli and three oral streptococcal species from the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide under aerobic conditions. lactoperoxidase in the absence of thiocyanate was also protective for two of the bacterial species in a dilution medium but potentiated hydrogen peroxide toxicity for the other two under the same conditions. the products of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate in the presence of lactoperoxidase we ...	1982	7033135
regulatory effect of monocytes on t cell proliferative responses to oral microbial antigens.	mononuclear cell preparations isolated by ficoll-hypaque centrifugation from human peripheral blood were found to vary considerably in the number of monocytes they contained (mean, 20.3%; range, 13 to 33%). the regulatory role of monocytes in t cell proliferative responses to sonic extracts of a panel of oral microorganisms was therefore investigated. t cells were fractionated by anti-immunoglobulin chromatography and depleted of monocytes by treatment with a monoclonal anti-human ia-like (dr lo ...	1982	6984019
the effect of fluoride on the acid production of streptococcus mutans and other oral streptococci.	the influence of fluoride on the acid production of streptococcal strains was examined using an established method for the determination of acid production by microorganisms. the inhibitory effects of fluoride on acid production increased when the ph dropped from 5.5 to 4.0. a concentration of 5 ppm fluoride inhibited the acid production activity of streptococcus mutants at ph 5 and below. susceptibility to fluoride varied among streptococcal strains. these results suggest that fluoride in denta ...	1982	6951312
concentration-dependent multiple binding sites on saliva-treated hydroxyapatite for streptococcus sanguis.	the influence of bacterial cell concentration on estimates of the number of binding sites and the affinity for the adsorption of a strain of streptococcus sanguis to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite was determined, and the possible presence of multiple binding sites for this organism was tested. the range of concentrations of available bacteria varied from 4.7 x 10(6) to 5,960 x 10(6) cells per ml. the numbers of adsorbed bacteria increased over the entire range tested, but a suggestion of a break ...	1983	6822416
influence of growth conditions on adherence of streptococcus mutans ingbritt to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite.	streptococcus mutans ingbritt grown under standardized conditions adhered less effectively to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads than did streptococcus sanguis g9b, and there was competition for binding. the results with ingbritt were influenced by the generation time, the ph of growth, and the carbohydrate source as shown by studies on organisms grown in continuous culture.	1983	6822425
effect of penicillin on the adherence of streptococcus sanguis in vitro and in the rabbit model of endocarditis.	the effect of penicillin treatment of streptococcus sanguis in vitro, on subsequent bacterial density in the bloodstream and on cardiac valves in the rabbit model of endocarditis was studied. as experimental tools for this study, isogenic pairs of s. sanguis differing in resistance to streptomycin or rifampin were prepared by genetic transformation. rabbits with traumatized heart valves received an intravenous inoculation of penicillin treated (1 mug/ml) and untreated s. sanguis, each marked by ...	1983	6826729