Publications

microbiological leaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the microbiological leaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate has been investigated using a pure strain of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the optimum leaching conditions regarding ph, temperature, and pulp density were found to be 2.3, 35 degrees c, and 22% respectively. the energy of activation was calculated to be 16.7 kcal/mol. during these experiments the maximum rate of copper dissolution was about 215 mg/liters/hr and the final copper concentration was as high as 55 g/liter. this latter value is ...	1976	953169
inhibition of thiobacillus ferrooxidans by soluble silver.		1976	953172
the effect of temperature on ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from a mesophile, thiobacillus thioparus, and a thermophile, bacillus caldolyticus.	the enzyme ribose-5-phosphate isomerase [ec 5.3.1.6] was partially purified from a mesophilic organism, thiobacillus thioparus, and from an extreme thermophile, bacillus caldolyticus. the stability and kinetics of the two enzymes were compared with regard to temperature in the presence of a series of neutral salts and alcohols. the thermal stability of both enzymes was altered such that the salts (nh4)2so4, nacl, kcl, and licl increased stability, while libr, cacl2, methanol, ethanol, and 1-prop ...	1976	956158
cysteine and s-sulfocysteine biosynthesis in phototrophic bacteria.	forteen species (17 strains) of phototrophic bacteria as well as one strain of thiobacillus denitrificans were tested for cysteine synthase and s-sulfocysteine synthase. all strains contain cysteine sythase active with o-acetylserine; only the chromatiaceae, two species of the rhodospirillaceae and t. denitrificans contain s-sulfocysteine synthase. in six species repression by different sulfur compounds in the medium was studied. in chromatium vinosum, cysteine synthase was found to be constitut ...	1976	962465
base competition of dna isolated from thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on different substrates.	the present study indicates some anomalies with respect to the dna base composition of thiobacillus ferrooxidans when it is cultured on different substrates. the % gc of the dna of this bacterium has been calculated by three different methods (melting temperature, cscl density gradient centrifugation and ultra-violet absorbancy ratios) using escherichia coli and rhodospirillum rubrum as references. the main values for t. ferrooxidans grown on ferrous iron, chalcopyrite and lead sulfide concentra ...	1976	981743
degradation of sulphur nucleotides in cell-free extracts of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the cell-free extracts of thiobacillus ferrooxidans contain hydrolytic enzymes which cleave sulphate from either adenosine 5'-sulphatophosphate or adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate. these sulphatase activities may be retarded by including either phosphates or adenine nucleotides in the incubation mixtures. adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate and its immediate breakdown product adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphate were degraded at slower rates than adenosine 5'-sulphatophosphate.	1976	983137
[microbiologic processes in oligocene deposits around subway tunnels following completion of caisson work].		1976	1012075
energetic aspects of the metabolism of reduced sulphur compounds in thiobacillus dentrificans.	yields of thiobacillus dentrificans on different substrates were compared. the organism was grown in a chemostat at a dilution rate of 0.03 h-1. from the difference in the cell yields with (1) oxygen (6.40 g carbon per mole thiosulphate) and (2) nitrate (4.51 g carbon per mole thiosulphate) as an electron acceptor the experimental value for y atp was estimated to be 1.75. the efficiency of the biosynthetic system would be 42% if 1 atp should be needed in reversed electron transport, and 57% if t ...	1976	1087862
[degradation of sulfur compounds by pure cultures of thiobacillus].		1976	785827
bacterial leaching of waste uranium materials.	the effect of ferrobacteria and thiobacteria on the leaching of waste uranium materials from which 70-80% of uranium was previously leached by classical chemical hydrometallurgical procedure has been investigated. the bacteria used are found in the ore and the mine water of zletovska river locality, yugoslavia. parameters of biological leaching were examined in the laboratory. leaching conditions were changed with the aim of increasing the amount of uranium leached. the effect of pyrite added to ...	1976	788361
identification of thiobacilli by replica plating on thallous sulfide paper.	colonies of thiobacillus thioparus and t. thiooxidans grown on thiosulfate medium can be identified by replica plating on thallous sulfide paper.	1976	791118
rhodanese from thiobacillus a2: determination of activity by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	rhodanese from thiobacillus a2 was shown by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to use dihydrolipoate or dihydrolipoamide as acceptor of the sulphane moiety of thiosulphate with the formation of alpha-lipoate or lipoamide respectively. correlation is shown between assays of the enzyme activity by nmr spectroscopy and by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.	1976	796411
[comparative biochemistry of dissimilatory nitrite reductases (author's transl)].		1976	818322
purification, quaternary structure, composition, and properties of d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from thiobacillus intermedius.	d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase has been purified from glutamate-co2-s2o3(2)-grown thiobacillus intermedius by pelleting the enzyme from the high-speed supernatant and by intermediary crystallization followed by sedimentation into a discontinuous 0.2 to 0.8 m sucrose gradient. the enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of several acrylamide concentrations, sedimentation velocity and equilibrium measurements, and electron microscopic observ ...	1976	819423
bacterial diversity at high temperature.		1976	820567
ferric iron reduction by sulfur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria.	acidophilic bacteria of the genera thiobacillus and sulfolobus are able to reduce ferric iron when growing on elemental sulfur as an energy source. it has been previously thought that ferric iron serves as a nonbiological oxidant in the formation of acid mine drainage and in the leaching of ores, but these results suggest that bacterial catalysis may play a significant role in the reactivity of ferric iron.	1976	825043
enzymic comparisons of the inorganic sulfur metabolism in autotrophic and heterotrophic thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	activities of enzymes which mediate the oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate and the assimilation of sulfate to sulfide were assayed in various cell-free fractions of thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown autotrophically on either ferrous iron or thiosulfate or heterotrophically on glucose. there was no activity of the thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme in extracts of bacteria grown with ferrous iron. comparable activities for atp-sulfurylase (ec 2.7.7.4), adp-sulfurylase (ec 2.7.7.5), and adenylate kinase ( ...	1976	175905
d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and polyhedral inclusion bodies in thiobacillus intermedius.	the growth-related parameters of thiobacillus intermedius, cultured in glutamate-co2-s2o32- medium, have been determined. after centrifugation at 48,000 x g for 1 h, 24% of the d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) activity of the disrupted-cell suspensions obtained from co2-s2o32--and glutamate-co2-s2o3(3)- grown cells could be sedimented, and the specific activities of this enzyme in the supernatant fractions were almost equivalent. the enzyme was stable in t. intermedius starved ...	1976	179979
[oxidation of inorganic compound by autotrophic bacteria (author's transl)].		1976	184217
ribulose biophosphate carboxylase from thiobacillus a2. its purification and properties.	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.39) from thiobacillus a2 has been purified to homogeneity on the basis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and u.v. analysis during sedimentation velocity studies. the enzyme had an optimum ph of about 8.2 with tris-hcl buffers. the molecular weight was about 521000 with an srel. of 16.9. km for rubp was 122 mum, for total "co2" it was 4.17 mm, and for mg2+ 20.0 mum. the absolute requirement for a divalent cation was satisfied by mg2+ which was repla ...	1976	5983
inhibition of growth, iron, and sulfur oxidation in thiobacillus ferrooxidans by simple organic compounds.	iron and sulfur oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans as well as growth on ferrous iron were inhibited by a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds. the influences of chemical structure of the organic inhibitors, ph, temperature, physical treatment of cells, and added inhibitory or stimulatory inorganic ions and iron oxidation suggest that a major factor contributing to the inhibitory effects on iron oxidation is the relative electronegativity of the organic molecule. the data also su ...	1976	6140
detection of thiobacillus ferrooxidans in acid mine environments by indirect fluorescent antibody staining.	an indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining technique was developed for the rapid detection of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the specificity of the fa stain for t. ferrooxidans was demonstrated with both laboratory and environmental samples. coal refuse examined by scanning electron microscopy exhibited a rough, porous surface, which was characteristically covered by water-soluble crystals. significant numbers of t. ferrooxidans were detected in the refuse pores. a positive correlation between n ...	1976	61736
alkaline phosphatase of thiobacillus thioparus. partial purification and properties of the enzyme.	soluble alkaline phosphatase from thiobacillus thioparus cells was purified about 230-fold. the enzyme had a mol. wt. of 50 000 daltons, optimum ph at 10.5, and was heat-resistant in the presence of diethanolamine. polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis demonstrated contamination of the preparation with inactive proteins and the presence of two active bands. the enzyme activity was distinctly stimulated by increasing concentrations of tris or diethanolamine. in the presence of glycine, 1 mm-zn2+ enh ...	1976	7090
microbiological oxidation of synthetic chalcocite and covellite by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the microbiological oxidation of synthetic chalcocite and covellite has been investigated using an adapted strain of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. biodegradation of chalcocite was found to be 90 to 100% and that of covellite 45 to 60%. optimum conditions for the oxidation of chalcocite were: ph, 1.7 to 2.3; temperature, 35 c; and ferric iron concentration in the range of 0.004 to 0.01 m. for covellite, the optimum conditions were: ph 2.3; temperature, 35 c; and ferric iron concentration in the rang ...	1976	8006
ecology of thiobacillus neapolitanus and its possible role in the leaching process.		1976	9736
thermothrix thioparus gen. et sp. nov. a facultatively anaerobic facultative chemolithotroph living at neutral ph and high temperature.	thermothrix thioparus gen. et ep. nov. occurs naturally in a new mexico hot spring at a temperature of 74 degrees c, a ph of 7.0, and a hs- concentration of 1 mg/litre. the organism is gram-negative, non-motile, 0.5-1.0 x 3-20 mum, and forms cell chains up to 1 cm in length. the resulting filaments do not possess a sheath. sulfur is deposited extracellularly. the organism was isolated using an autotrophic medium with hs- as the energy source and no3- as the terminal electron acceptor. anaerobica ...	1976	10063
utilization of 35s-thiosulphate and an appraisal of the role of atp-sulphurylase in chemolithotrophic thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	differentially labelled 35s-thiosulphate was taken up by washed cells of thiobacillus ferrooxidans which were previously grown on thiosulphate. the uptake was proportional to the biomass over the range 0.5-4.0 mg dry wt. of bacteria and showed typical saturation kinetics with an estimated km value of 0.5 mm for 35s-thiosulphate. dithionate and group vi anions inhibited the uptake, which was under ph control and had a temperature optimum of 50 degrees c. in the absence of thiosulphate, the cells ...	1976	10869
rate of elemental sulfur oxidation in some soils of egypt as affected by the salinity level, moisture, texture, temperature and inoculation.	1. the level of soil moisture most favourable to the oxidation of elemental sulfur was found to be around the field moisture capacity; the oxidation rate decreased at lower and higher moisture levels. 2. the rate of oxidation increased with the clay content of the soils from sandy loam to clay loam. 3. although s-oxidation could be found already at 10 degrees c, it increased markedly up to a maximum at 35 degrees c and then decreased again at higher temperatures. 4. increasing the salt content o ...	1976	11771
rhodanese from thiobacillus a2: catalysis of reactions of thiosulphate with dihydrolipoate and dihydrolipoamide.	rhodanese (thiosulphate:cyanide sulphurtransferase ec.2.8.1.1) was purified 25- to 30-fold from thiosulphate-grown thiobacillus a2. it exhibited a ph optimum between ph 10-2 and 10-4 and apparent km values of 0-36 mm-na2s2o3 and 17 mm-kcn. ultraviolet spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography showed that the enzyme catalysed the reaction of s2o3(2-) with dihydrolipoic acid or dihydrolipoamide, producing alpha-lipoate or lipoamide, with the intermediate production of the persulphides of dih ...	1976	13142
influence of organic solvents on chalcopyrite oxidation ability of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	it has been shown that organic solvents used primarily for the extraction of metals from aqueous leach liquors decrease both the surface tension of the aqueous phase and the chalcopyrite oxidation ability of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. for the reagents and modifiers investigated, the order of inhibition was found to be lix 70 < lix 73 < lix 71 < lix 64n < lix 65n < tbp approximately isodecanol approximately nonylphenol < lix 63 <<< d(2)ehpa approximately kelex 100 < kelex 120 <<< alamine 336 appr ...	1976	16345164
purification and properties of glutamate synthase from thiobacillus thioparus.	glutamate synthase was purified about 250-fold from thiobacillus thioparus and was characterized. the molecular weight was estimated as 280,000 g/mol. the enzyme showed absorption maxima at 280, 380, and 450 nm and was inhibited by atebrin, suggesting that t. thioparus glutamate synthase is a flavoprotein. the enzyme activity was also inhibited by iron chelators and thiolbinding agents. the enzyme was specific for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) and alpha-ketoglutarat ...	1977	14919
purificantion and characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from thiobacillus thiooxidans.	an inorganic pyrophosphatase ec 3.6.1.1 was isolated from thiobacillus thiooxidans and purified 975-fold to a state of apparent homogeneity. the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate and no activity was found with a variety of other phosphate esters. the cation mg2+ was required for maximum activity; co2+ and mn2+ supported 25 per cent and 10.6 per cent of the activity with mg2+, respectively. the ph optimum was 8.8. the molecular weight was estimated to be 88,000 by gel fil ...	1977	14950
acidostability of speroplasts prepared from thiobacillus thiooxidans.	thiobacillus thiooxidans was acidostable even in the absence of its respiratory substrate, elementary sulfur. this suggests that the acidostability of the bacterium was enery-independent. the organism was subjected to osmotic shock with 0.75 m sucrose at 0 degrees c and then treated with snail intestinal juice in the presence of 0.3 m sucrose. the decrease in the optical density of the sample thus prepared on dilution with deionized water and electron microscopic observation of the sample showed ...	1977	15528
stannous and cuprous ion oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	oxidation of stannous chloride by thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied manometrically. at low stannous ion concentrations, initial oxidation rate was proportional to concentration. optimum ph for oxidation was 2.3 optimum temperature was 37-40 degrees c. spectrophotometry showed reduction of cytochromes in suspensions of whole cells on addition of ferrous, stannous, or cuprous salts. cytochrome c reductase activity in cell-free extracts was assayed with ferrous, stannous, or cuprous ions as ele ...	1977	15717
oxidation of stibnite by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	optimum ph, temperature and pulp density for microbiological leaching of museum-grade stibnite mineral has been investigated using a stibnite-adapted strain of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. optimum conditions were found to be ph 1.75, 35 c and 12g solid substrate per 100 ml of basal salts medium as the initial dose. the energy of activation was determined to be 16.8 kcal per mole, and the temperature coefficient 2.2. the highest total dissolved antimony concentration, sbt = sb+3 + sb+5 + i1sbo2+, ...	1977	17364
change of rh2 depending on iron oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans and on mineral acid concentration.		1977	17952
energy conservation in thiobacillus neapolitanus c6 sulphide and sulphite oxidation.		1977	188974
thiobacillus novellus cytochrome oxidase can separate some eucaryotic cytochromes c.		1977	193733
a comparison between nitrosomas europaea and thiobacillus novellus on the basis of their oxidation systems of inorganic compounds.	nitrosomonas europaea and thiobacillus novellus were compared with each other on the basis of the biochemical properties of their inorganic compound-oxidizing systems. cytochromes c of the two organisms differ considerably from each other; n. europaea cytochrome c-552 belongs to the "bacterial-type" cytochrome c, while t. nouellus cytochrome c-550 resembles eucaryolic cytochrome c. the specificity of cytochrome oxidase for cytochrome c as the electron donor is different between the two organism ...	1977	198039
a study on the reaction mechanism of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase from thiobacillus thioparus, an iron-sulfur flavoprotein.	the reaction mechanism of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) reductase (ec 1.8.99.2) from thiobacillus thioparus was studied using difference spectrum and stopped-flow techniques. the enzyme-bound fad was rapidly reduced by sulfite with a first order rate constant of 97.1 s-1. the addition of amp induced further spectral changes in the reduced enzyme which were consistent with the oxidation of fadh2 to the red (anionic) semiquinone fadh-) and the concomitant reduction of nonheme iron to the ferro ...	1977	837249
leakage of cellular material from thiobacillus ferrooxidans in the presence of organic acids.	thiobacillus ferroodixans cells released varying amounts of iron, phosphate, sugar, ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and substances that absorbed light at both 260 and 280 nm, when exposed to 10(-2) to 10(-1) m concentrations of these organic acids: propionic, butyric, valeric, hexanoic, and oxalacetic. these acids also retarded iron oxidation by the cells. electron microscope observation of cells after exposure to the organic acids showed varying degrees of cell envelope disruption, sug ...	1977	848961
bacterial oxidation of polythionates: determination of tetrathionate with an ion-selective electrode.	a commercially available ion-selective electrode for nitrate was used to continuously monitor tetrathionate oxidation by thiobacillus dentrificans. the electrode was much more sensitive to tetrathionate than to nitrate. the same electrode could also be used for the determination of trithionate.	1977	848962
glutamate uptake in thiobacillus novellus.	properties of the glutamate uptake system of thiobacillus novellus were investigated using intact cells. two kinetically distiguishable components were found and designated at the high-affinity (ha) component with an apparent km of 33 micronm, and the low-affinity (la) component with a km of 18 mm. glutamate accumulation was temperature-sensitive and could be inhibited by the addition of wide range of inhibitors including cyanide, dinitrophenol (dnp), iodoacetate, mercuric chloride, sodium azide ...	1977	856422
ferrous iron oxidation and uranium extraction by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the microbiological oxidation of ferrous iron in batch and continuous systems has been investigated in relation to uranium extraction from a low-grade ore by thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the influence of the parameters, agitation, and aeration on oxygen saturation concentration, rate of oxygen mass transfer, and rate of ferrous iron oxidation was demonstrated. the kinetic values, vmax and k were determined using an adapted monod equation for different dilution rates and initial concentrations of f ...	1977	857953
heterotrophic growth of thiobacillus a2 on sugars and organic acids.	thiobacillus a2 grew on a number of organic acids, pentoses, hexoses and alpha-linked disaccharides, but not on beta-linked disaccharides or galactosides. growth was slow on glucose, although fast-growing strains were selectively isolated. additive growth rates occured on glucose and galactose; growth on glucose with fructose, pyruvate or gluconate was biphasic rather than diauxic; fructose was used preferentially over glucose; slow growth on glucose was accelerated by some disaccharides; growt ...	1977	879963
simultaneous operation of three catabolic pathways in the metabolism of glucose by thiobacillus a2.	enzymes essential to the operation of the embden-meyerhof glycolytic pathway, the entner-duodoroff pathway and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway were present in thiobacillus a2 grown on glucose and other sugars. radiorespirometry under various conditions with thiobacillus a2 oxidising glucose specifically labelled with 14c in carbon atoms 1, 2, 3, 3 + 4, 6 or universally labelled demonstrated the simultaneous operation of the embden-meyerhof (48%), entner-doudoroff (28%), and pentose phosphate ...	1977	879964
oxalate, formate, formamide, and methanol metabolism in thiobacillus novellus.	thiobacillus novellus was able to grow with oxalate, formate, formamide, and methanol as sole sources of carbon and energy. extensive growth on methanol required yeast extract or vitamins. glyoxylate carboligase was detected in extracts of oxalate-grown cells. ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was found in extracts of cells grown on formate, formamide, and thiosulfate. these data indicate that oxalate is utilized heterotrophically in the glycerate pathway, and formate and formamide are utilized ...	1977	885836
effects of different compounds of metals and of their mixtures on the growth and survival of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the iron oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied in the presence of different concentrations of metals as sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, and in some other compounds. the bacteriological oxidation of ferro-ions develops in all solutions in nearly the same way, with the only difference that, as the ion concentration increases, the beginning of measurable oxidation is postponed, i.e., with ion concentration increasing, the lag-phase expands. when salts are mixed in different proportions ...	1977	888460
proton translocation in intack cells of thiobacillus denitrificans.	proton translocation assessed by the quinacrine fluorescence technique was compared with oxygen uptake during thiosulphate oxidation by cells of thiobacillus denitrificans. the addition of thiosulphate to cell suspensions resulted in an outwardly directed proton translocation as reflected by an increased quinacrine fluorescence. compared to the o2 uptake activity, the proton translocating system was much more sensitive to proton conductors, other ionophores and inhibitors of electron transport. ...	1977	889382
a rapid method for the determination of cellular protein in the presence of elemental sulfur.	cellular protein in the presence of elemental sulfur is determined by the folin reagent after treatment with benzene. using this procedure a generation time of 46.2 +/- 4.2 h was observed for thiobacillus acidophilus grown on elemental sulfur.	1977	336165
[microbiological leaching of zinc and lead ores of the tekeli deposit].	in certain regions of the west tekeli lead-zinc ore deposti, the number of thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells reaches 10(6) per 1 ml of ore water. spontaneous bacterial leaching of sulphide ore is confirmed by an increase in the concentration of ferric iron and zinc in ore water. as a result of this leaching, up to 40 per cent of zinc and 60 per cent of lead have been leached from lead-zinc ore within 271-286 days. bacterial leaching of lead intermediate products has shown that the maximum rate of ...	1977	600089
[hydrogen sulfide oxidation by thionic bacteria].		1977	600111
[geochemical activity of thionic bacteria].		1977	409914
bacterial leaching patterns on pyrite crystal surfaces.	selected pyrite crystals were placed as a bacterial energy source into stationary cultures of thiobacillus ferroxidans. scanning electron microscope studies performed after a period of 2 years on these crystals revealed bacterial etching pits in characteristic patterns; they include pit arrangements in loose statistical disorder, in pairs, in clusters, and most remarkably in pearl-string-like chains. it has previously been confirmed that the chemical processes of bacterial leaching occur mainly ...	1978	649567
[thiobacillus ferrooxidans pili].	the surface structures of thiobacillus ferrooxidans were studied. when growing on a medium containing elemental sulphur, the cells possess peritrichously located filaments (piles) whose diameter varies from 4.5 to 7.0 nm and length, from 0.7 to 3.0 mcm. the cells of t. ferrooxidans do not have piles on a medium with ferrous iron. the physiological role of these structures for thiobacilli is discussed.	1978	661638
[dependence of the rate of ferrous oxide oxidation by a thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture on its concentration].	the effect of the concentration of ferrous iron on the rate of its oxidation was studied with thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the specific rate of oxidation of ferrous iron was found to increase with its concentration and to decrease with a rise of the total iron content. cultivation of bacteria with electrochemical reduction of fe3+ produced high cell concentrations at a low content of total iron (4--6 g/litre), e. g. upto 4.5 g/litre (dry biomass weight).	1978	672678
investigations into the kinetics and stoichiometry of bacterial oxidation of covellite (cus) using a polarographic oxygen probe.	"oxygraph" apparatus was used to measure quantitatively the kinetics of oxidation of synthetic covellite (cus) in the presence and absence of thiobacillus species. the expected stoichiometric relationship between oxygen consumed and cupric sulphate produced was verified by atomic absorption assays of cupric ion and sulphate ion. thiobacillus cultures markedly increased the oxidation rate. the dependence of each oxygen-uptake rate on oxygen concentration was also measured. sterile controls and so ...	1978	688107
the purification and some properties of rusticyanin, a blue copper protein involved in iron(ii) oxidation from thiobacillus ferro-oxidans.	the 'blue' copper-containing protein rusticyanin was purified to homogeneity from cells of the chemolithotrophic bacterium thiobacillus ferro-oxidans by (nh4)so4 fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. the protein, which is stable at low ph, consists of a single polypeptide chain of mol. wt. 16500 and possesses 0.79 (+/- 0.28)g-atom of cu/mol. the protein, which does not contain arginine residues, has optical absorbance maxima at 287, 450, 597 and 750 nm and is generally similar to azurin ...	1978	708402
microbial succession and mineral leaching in an artificial coal spoil.	an artificial pyritic coal spoil was prepared and examined over a period of 1.5 years for changes in the population of various physiological varieties of bacteria and also for mineral leaching. heterotrophic bacteria were the first to dominate the spoil, acquiring a population of 10(7) cells per g within 2 weeks. bacteria capable of utilizing choline sulfate as the sole source of energy comprised approximately 1% of the total heterotrophic bacteria. sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria (thiobac ...	1978	736542
the interpretation of the mass spectrum of an ornithine-containing lipid from thiobacillus thiooxidans.	the electron impact mass spectrum of a previously identified ornithine-containing lipid from thiobacillus thiooxidans has been interpreted using exact mass measurements, low and high energy ionization, and defocused metastable studies. the spectrum, which did not contain a molecular ion for the intact lipid, was consistent with cyclization of the ornithine zwitterionic moiety with elimination of water to give 3[3'-(11,12-methylene-2-hydroxyoctadecanoxy)hexadecanylamine]-2-piperidone. production ...	1978	342005
organic nutrition of chemolithotrophic bacteria.		1978	360973
[method of determining the number of thiobacillus thiocyanoxidans in industrial wastes].		1978	364253
bacterial leaching.		1978	365458
a simple improved method to stain thiobacillus.	best stains are obtained by immersion of the fixed smear in 1.5-2% acid fuchsin at ph 3.2-3.6.	1978	78755
[sulfobacillus, a new genus of thermophilic sporulating bacteria].	an aerobic facultative thermophilic bacterium was isolated from the ore of the nikolaev copper-zinc-pyrite deposit in the eastern kazakhstan. the bacterium is similar to thiobacillus ferooxidans in the ability to use various energy subsrates (fe2+, sulphide minerals and so) and in the acidophilic properties, but differs from it in the thermophilic nature, the structure of a cell wall, the ability to produce spores, and a lower gc content in dna. consequently, the organism has been identified as ...	1978	101742
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from autotrophic micro-organisms [proceedings].		1978	105954
oxidation kinetics and chemostat growth kinetics of thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathionate and thiosulfate.	growth of thiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch culture on 10 mm potassium tetrathionate was optimal at ph 2.5 (specific growth rate, 0.092 h-1). oxygen electrode studies on resting cell suspensions showed that the apparent km for tetrathionate oxidation (0.13 to 8.33 mm) was ph dependent, suggesting higher substrate affinity at higher ph. conversely, oxidation rates were greatest at low ph. high substrate concentrations (7.7 to 77 mm) did not affect maximum oxidation rates at ph 3.0, but produced ...	1978	26665
sulfide oxidation by spheroplasts of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	thiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic organism important to metal leaching of low-grade ores. the aforementioned importance is related to the ability of the bacterium to oxidize reduced iron and sulfur, principally found in nature as pyrite (fes2). the present study dealt with sulfide oxidation at low ph values and the involvement of the cell envelope in the process of the inorganic oxidations. sulfide oxidation was noted in spheroplasts of t. ferrooxidans prepared by enzymatic and chemica ...	1978	28080
characteristics of thiobacillus thioparus and its thiocyanate assimilation.	thiocyanate-assimilatig bacterium, tk 21, was isolated from activated sludge used for the treatment of thiocyanate contained in coke-oven liquor. this organism oxidized thiosulfate and elemental sulfur, causing a decrease of ph of the medium. these facts indicated that it belongs to the genus thiobacillus. potassium thiocyanate (0.5 g/l) was completely assimilated during 60 h. thiosulfate inhibited the assimilation of thiocyanate but elemental sulfur did not. this bacterium did not evolve cyanid ...	1978	28174
oxidation of gallium sulfides by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the bacterial oxidation of naturally occurring gallium-bearing chalcopyrite concentrate and a pure synthetic gallium (iii) sulfide has been investigated at ph 1.8 and 35 degree c, using an active culture of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. this oxidation process may proceed by direct or by indirect bacterial action. the highest dissolved gallium and copper concentrations were about 2.2 and 40.2 g/l, respectively. the order of the specific rate of oxygen uptake by t. ferrooxidans in approximately cufes ...	1978	28175
epr studies on the blue copper protein, rusticyanin: a protein involved in fe2+ oxidation at ph 2.0 in thiobacillus ferro-oxidans.		1978	29783
effects of amino acids on thiobacillus acidophilus. i. growth studies with special reference to valine.	the heterotrophic growth of thiobacillus acidophilus was inhibited by branched-chain amino acids; valine, isoleucine, and leucine. the inhibition by valine and leucine were partially reversed by isoleucine, and the inhibition by isoleucine was partially reversed by valine. inhibitions by methionine or threonine were partially reversed when both amino acids were present in the growth medium. inhibition by tyrosine was increased by phenylalanine or tryptophan. cystine completely inhibited growth. ...	1978	31972
thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria found in copper leaching dumps.	rod-shaped bacteria capable of oxidizing ferrous iron at 55 degrees c were cultured from samples of a copper mine leach dump. yeast extract or cysteine was required by these thiobacillus-like bacteria for growth, using ferrous iron as an energy source.	1978	16345316
nitrogen requirement of iron-oxidizing thiobacilli for acidic ferric sulfate regeneration.	ammonium was shown to be a limiting nutrient for iron oxidation in cultures of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. in addition, one strain was also able to assimilate nitrate, but not nitrite, for growth and coupled iron oxidation. some amino acids (0.5 mm) were tested as a source of nitrogen; none clearly stimulated bacterial activity and inhibition was commonly encountered. complex nitrogenous compounds were inhibitory at high concentrations (0.1 to 0.5%, wt/vol) and, at low concentrations, some clearl ...	1979	16345391
autotrophic growth of thiobacillus acidophilus in the presence of a surface-active agent, tween 80.	cellular protein, ph, dissolved oxygen concentration, and static surface tension were measured during growth of thiobacillus acidophilus on elemental sulfur in the absence and presence of up to 5,000 mg of tween 80 per liter. the decrease in ph and the increase in sulfate production were observed to be less accurate measurements of growth when compared with the increase in cellular protein. the doubling time of the bacterium decreased approximately 50% with the addition of 500 mg of tween 80 per ...	1979	16345459
[effect of ph and temperature on the kinetics of fe2+ oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans].	a correlation has been established between the action of ph and temperature on the activity of fe2+ oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the rate of fe2+ oxidation by the bacterium is inhibited at 12 degrees c mainly due to an increase in the ph. autooxidation of the medium upon hydrolysis of fe3+ is inhibited at low temperatures. apparently, the enzymes of thiobacillus ferrooxidans involved in fe2+ oxidation are only slightly susceptible to a decrease of temperature to 10--12 degrees c.	1979	34080
transmembrane electrical potential and transmembrane ph gradient in the acidophile thiobacillus ferro-oxidans.	thiobacillus ferro-oxidans is capable of using the oxidation of fe2+ by o2 at ph 2.0 as the sole source of energy for growth and co2 fixation. the bacterium maintains an intracellular ph of 6.5 over a range of external ph from 1.0 to 8.0, as measured by [14c]acetate and [3h]methylamine distribution. the membrane potential was estimated by the distribution of the lipid-soluble cation dibenzyldimethylammonium and the anion scn-. at ph 2.0 (the ph of growth) during fe2+ oxidation the transmembrane ...	1979	35160
[relationship of thionic bacteria isolated from geological deposits to the ph of the medium].		1979	35734
[mathematical model of thiobacillus ferrooxidans growth on a medium with ferrous iron].	a mathematical model is proposed for the growth of thiobacillus ferrooxidans in the process of fe2+ oxidation depending on the active acidity and temperature of the medium. the model was used to establish the correlation between the action of temperature and ph of the medium on the bacterial growth and oxidation of fe2+. the range of ph values which had no effect on the bacterium is broader at 28 degrees c (from 2.5 to 2.8) than at 12 degrees c (from 2.3 to 2.4). apparently, the growth of the ba ...	1979	35735
[characteristics of the proteins of unicellular organisms as potential components of ecological life-support systems].	a comparative characterization of the biological value of proteins from green and blue-green algae, bacteria, and microbial coenosis of straw mineralizing active sludge is given with respect to the fractional composition of total protein, its amino acid composition, and affinity for proteolytic enzymes in vitro. the above microorganisms have an adequate amino acid composition, a high content of essential amino acids, and differ in their content of readily soluble proteins. the presence of protei ...	1979	36502
steps of thiosulfate oxidation by thiobacillus thioparus and th. coproliticus.	chromatographic analysis was used for studying steps of thiosulfate oxidation by thiobacillus thioparus and th. coproliticus strains, isolated from egyptian soil. th. thioparus strains oxidized s2o3 to so4 with the formation of polythionates, tetrathionate in particular, during the course of oxidation. however, strains differed in other polythionates formed. th. coproliticus, in turn, oxidized s2o3 to so4 without polythionate formation. however, h2s was the only intermediate compound detected du ...	1979	44416
[geomicrobiological studies. xiii. microorganisms and formation of deposits in hot sulfur lakes on hokkaido (japan)].		1979	44587
pyrite oxidation by thiobacillus ferrooxidans with special reference to the sulphur moiety of the mineral.	available cultures of thiobacillus ferrooxidans were found to be contaminated with bacteria very similar to thiobacillus acidophilus. the experiments described were performed with a homogeneous culture of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. pyrite (fes2) was oxidized by thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on iron (fe2+), elemental sulphur (s0) or fes2. evidence for the direct utilization of the sulphur moiety of pyrite by thiobacillus ferrooxidans was derived from the following observations: a. known inhibit ...	1979	45294
physiology of thermophilic bacteria.		1979	95242
on the purification of nitrite reductase from thiobacillus denitrificans and its reaction with nitrite under reducing conditions.		1979	220969
subunits of cytochrome a-type terminal oxidases derived from thiobacillus novellus and nitrobacter agilis.	cytochrome a-type terminal oxidases derived from thiobacillus novellus and nitrobacter agilis have been purified to a homogeneous state as judged from their electrophoretic behavior and their subunit structures studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the t. novellus enzyme is composed of two kinds of subunits of 32,000 and 23,000 daltons and its minimum molecular weight is 55,000 on the basis of heme content and amino acid composition. the n. agil ...	1979	229103
[synthesis of d-ribulose-1,5-diphosphate with immobilized enzymes of thiobacillus].	preparative synthesis of d-ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (rudp) from ribose-5-phosphate and atp was carried out, using as a catalyst a crude extract of thiobacillus thiooxidans 58 r immobilized on porous glass. the methods for immobiliztion of crude bacterial extracts, synthesis of rudp and purification of the resultant product by means of column chromatography on activated charcoal and anionites were developed. the structure of rudp was identified by 13c-nmr spectroscopy. stability of two phosphate ...	1979	229481
[physiological properties of the thionic bacteria isolated from paleogene deposits].		1979	375037
[attachment of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans cells to the surface of sulfide minerals].	the behaviour of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans cells in cultures growing at 50 degrees c in the autotrophic conditions with intensive stirring of the medium was studied by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. the following compounds (at a concentration of 1%) were used as an energy source: pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, galenite, sphalerite, and copper-zinc-pyrite ore. a considerable part of cells was found to be attached to the surface of crystals in the course of oxida ...	1979	381851
[morphogenetic features of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans].	the morphogenesis of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans bkm b-1269 was studied by electron microscopy at the vegetative stage of growth on a medium with pyrite as the source of energy. young growing cultures of this organism were found to be very polymorphous: along with rod-like cells of various dimensions (0.6--0.8x1.0--3.0 mcm) which were predominant, coccoid, pyriform, clavate and dumbbell-like cells were also encountered. certain cells have a tendency for branching. the cells can divide by ...	1979	388160
rotational mobility of membrane-bound cytochrome o of escherichia coli and cytochrome a1 of thiobacillus ferro-oxidans [proceedings].		1979	389702
[effect of clays on the behavior of acidophilic thiobacillus strains in suspensions].		1979	397686
sulphur in biology. general discussion.		1979	398764
[microbial desulfuration of coal. i. isolation and identification of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria].		1979	400534
[ultrastructural organization of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans cells and spores].	the ultrastructural organization of sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans cells and spores was studied by electron microscopy using the techniques of negative contrasting and thin sections. the cell wall was found to be 20--25 nm thick and to consist of a rigid layer bound to the cytoplasmic membrane with crosspieces. a microcapsule about 20 nm thick having an ordered structure is closely associated with the cell wall. a layer of slime which can reach 0.2--0.3 mcm and more in thickness is located a ...	1979	481281
[spheroplast study of thiobacillus ferrooxidans].	spheroplasts were prepared, under the action of lysozyme (200 and 400 mcg/ml) from the cells of thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on the waksman medium with elementary sulfur after their treatment with 0.5m nacl solutions and exact exposure to sucrose (0.5m). intracellular structures were revealed on the spheroplasts which could not be detected on intact cells.	1979	481282
purification of thiobacillus denitrificans siroheme sulfite reductase and investigation of some molecular and catalytic properties.	a siroheme-containing sulfite reductase was isolated from thiobacillus denitrificans, purified to an electrophoretically homogenous state, and investigated with regard to some of its molecular and catalytic properties. the enzyme was a tetramer with a molecular weight of 160 000, consisting of two types of subunits arranged to an alpha 2 beta 2-structure. the molecular weight of the alpha-subunit was 38 000, that of the beta-subunit 43 000. as prosthetic groups siroheme and fe/s groupings could ...	1979	486494
a note on the determination of atp by the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence reaction in samples containing heavy metals.		1979	486773
thermolysis chemical ionization of a complex polar lipid.	vaporization of a ornithine-containing polar lipid from thiobacillus thiooxidans has been accomplished by thermolysis in a chemical ionization source. the thermolysis has been shown to be more extensive than previously thought. it occurs in at least two steps, the first being dehydration of the ornithine to produce a substituted piperidone. this fragment undergoes a facile elimination to produce two neutral lipid components: a long chain fatty acid and piperidone-containing fatty amide. the resu ...	1979	497362
improved synthesis and rapid isolation millimole quantities of adenylysulfate.	an improved enzymatic method for the synthesis of adenylysulfate (aps) from adenosine 5'-phosphate using aps-reductase from thiobacillus denitrificans is described. isolation of millimole quantitities of this sulfur nucleotide is achieved rapidly by means of ion exchange chromatography on a strongly basic ion exchange resin. a facile and reproducible desalting procedure is described.	1979	156996