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slip of rabbit striated muscle in rigor or amppnp.single glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibres have been slowly extended either in rigor or in the unhydrolysable atp analogue, amppnp, and their sarcomere length, sarcomere structure and tension measured. the length of regularly arrayed sarcomeres, measured by optical diffraction, increased continuously as the muscle was stretched; the maximum sarcomere extension seen was approximately 6%. in the electron microscope sarcomeres from extended muscle fixed in rigor or amppnp remained regular ...19892592554
[a dermaerosion case dealing with a leakage of a chemically irrigable solution (naoci solution)].this paper is a report regarding a dermaerosion case dealing with a leakage of a chemically irrigable solution in a 3 year old boy. we are continuing to observe the dermal changes during as he grows. also, we carried out a pathological experiment on a rabbit and a patch test of the derm of seven people. the following conclusions were obtained. 1. we observed the dermaerosion of an epithelium repair after a complete elapse of one year. the dermaerosion of the corium could not be repaired but chan ...19892602703
the anomalous origin of the circumflex artery (ramus circumflexus) in the right aortic sinus: a case study.the anomalous origin of the circumflex artery in the right aortic sinus was recognized in one out of 123 human hearts. its independent ostium, located below the valve 2.5 mm behind the ostium of the right coronary artery, and 3.0 mm in front of the dorsal attachment of the sigmoid valve. it follows a retro-aortic course and its terminal distribution is exiguous, compensated by a coronary pattern of right predominance. there are no associated cardiac anomalies. finally, this knowledge is shown to ...19892610384
mechanical, biochemical, and structural effects of vitamin d deficiency on the chick heart.the effects of vitamin d deprivation on the chick heart were investigated from three aspects: cardiac contractility (+/- dp/dt), intracellular high-energy phosphorus compounds, and structural differences. four-week-old vitamin d-deficient chicks were divided into four groups: group a served as the normal group and received subcutaneous injections of cholecalciferol; groups b and c were vitamin d-deficient hearts but perfused differently; group d received daily subcutaneous injections of 5 microg ...19892705637
2-bromo- and 16-bromo-estrogens and related compounds: potential inhibitors for both estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases in rat liver microsomes.kinetic studies of inhibition of estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities in male rat liver microsomes with 2-bromoestrogens, 4-bromo-estrone (4-bre1), 16 alpha- and 16 beta-bromoestrones and 16 beta-acetylthioestrone (16-acse1) were carried out. 2-bromoestrogens and 4-bre1 nonspecifically blocked the two enzyme activities in a competitive manner, and 2-bromo-estradiol (2-bre2) was the most potent inhibitor for the two hydroxylases among the 2- and 4-bromo steroids. kinetic data, the app ...19892761259
cellular immune responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in children receiving long term anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis.fifty-two gambian children who had received fortnightly chemoprophylaxis with maloprim, (pyrimethamine and dapsone), and 45 receiving placebo, were studied. cellular immune responses to malaria antigens, measured by lymphoproliferative responses and interferon production, were higher in children who had received prophylaxis than in controls, although the anti-malarial antibody levels were lower. during a one-year period after termination of prophylaxis, there was no increase in the frequency of ...19892515634
slip of rabbit striated muscle in rigor or amppnp.single glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibres have been slowly extended either in rigor or in the unhydrolysable atp analogue, amppnp, and their sarcomere length, sarcomere structure and tension measured. the length of regularly arrayed sarcomeres, measured by optical diffraction, increased continuously as the muscle was stretched; the maximum sarcomere extension seen was approximately 6%. in the electron microscope sarcomeres from extended muscle fixed in rigor or amppnp remained regular ...19892592554
three-dimensional structure of an open form of the surface layer from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.cell-free culture supernatants of a lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-polysaccharide-deficient, single-insertion transposon mutant of the tetragonal surface protein array (s layer)-containing fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were examined by electron microscopy. negative staining showed that the s layer was released as sheets of tetragonal material, indicating that although surface retention of assembled s layer requires the presence of wild-type lps oligosaccharides, initial assembly of s-layer sub ...19892914846
synthesis of glycoconjugates derived from various lipopolysaccharides of the vibrionaceae family.conjugation of simple ketoses (such as 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid and n-acetylneuraminic acid) and of various o-specific polysaccharides (from aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida) to the bifunctional spacer 1,6-hexanediamine, was achieved by reductive amination. the saccharide--1-(6-amino)-hexane alkyamines obtained were converted into the corresponding isothiocyanate derivatives and coupled to the free epsilon-amino group of lysine residues of the protein carrier bovine serum ...19892920731
endothelium-dependent inhibition of ergonovine-induced contraction is impaired in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium.the inhibitory effects of the endothelium against ergonovine-induced contraction were examined in isolated porcine coronary arteries under normal conditions and after endothelial regeneration. endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in normal yorkshire pigs (n = 16) and in pigs that had undergone balloon endothelium removal of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) 4 weeks before the study (n = 10). the presence of a complete endothelial lining was confirmed histologic ...19892766515
[epidemiology of brucellosis. retrospective study of 246 hospital cases].246 cases of brucellosis registered by the medicine preventive service of miguel servet hospital for the period 1981-87 are retrospectively studied. it emphasizes the consumption of non controlled dairy products as the most frequent (54.5%) risk factor. a greater prevalence of professional and contact with cattle risk factors are observed in the male patients coming from rural areas.19892772348
ultrastructural study of the response of eosinophil granule cells to aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products and histamine liberators in rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson.intraperitoneal injections of aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products (ecp), compound 48/80 and concanavalin a were found to degranulate the eosinophil granule cells (egc) in the lower intestine and rectum of the rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson. ultrastructurally, the egc response resembled the anaphylactic granule extrusion of mammalian mast cells. varying degrees of granule vacuolation and loss of electron density occurred. labyrinthine channels were observed at the peak of degra ...19892776934
opening remarks of president fernando e. agrait on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago macaque colony. 19892780954
production of human cells expressing individual transferred hla-a,-b,-c genes using an hla-a,-b,-c null human cell line.we detail in this report the characterization of a human b-lymphoblastoid cell line, .221, that does not express endogenous hla-a, hla-b, or hla-c class i ag due to gamma-ray-induced mutations in the hla complex. mutant .221 is characterized by: 1) complete absence of hla-a,-b,-c mrna transcripts and alpha-chains, and 2) intracellular expression of two non-a,-b,-c class i alpha-chains with an abundance less than or equal to 1% of normal hla-a,-b,-c expression on similar cells. however, transferr ...19892785140
effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) to pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii)-infected balb/c nude (nu/nu) mice had no effects on the number of the p. carinii cysts in the lungs, despite neutrophilic infiltration in the tissues and a marked increase in blood neutrophil count. this finding indicates that neutrophils in the absence of t cells do not play an important role in the killing of p. carinii. however, survival periods of ...19892787431
proton motive force involved in protein transport across the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida.many gram-negative bacteria export proteins to the exterior. some of these proteins are first secreted into the periplasm and then cross the outer membrane in a separate step. the source of energy required for the translocation is unknown. export of the extracellular protein proaerolysin from the periplasm through the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida is inhibited by a proton ionophore and by low extracellular ph. one possible explanation of these results is that a proton gradient across t ...19892814486
[visualization of forensically important foreign bodies by direct roentgen magnification].the detection of foreign bodies of microscopic dimensions with radiographic techniques is limited by the size and density of the particle and the radiographic resolution. these restrictions can be of decisive value in case work. the high grade direct radiographic magnification technique was successfully used in preceding experiments. due to its 1 mu focal spot, this tube allows direct magnifications up to 250 times. in present studies, the advantages as well as the limitations of this new techni ...19892818477
[visualization of forensically important foreign bodies by direct roentgen magnification].the detection of foreign bodies of microscopic dimensions with radiographic techniques is limited by the size and density of the particle and the radiographic resolution. these restrictions can be of decisive value in case work. the high grade direct radiographic magnification technique was successfully used in preceding experiments. due to its 1 mu focal spot, this tube allows direct magnifications up to 250 times. in present studies, the advantages as well as the limitations of this new techni ...19892818477
extracellular secretion of cloned aerolysin and phospholipase by aeromonas salmonicida.the promoterless structural genes for aerolysin and the extracellular phospholipase of aeromonas hydrophila were inserted into a multi-host-range expression vector and transferred into aeromonas salmonicida and escherichia coli. in both species, gene expression was under the control of the inducible tac promoter of the vector. neither the phospholipase nor the aerolysin was released by intact e. coli. instead, both proteins accumulated in the periplasm, leading to reduced growth and eventual cel ...19892708312
genetic and biochemical characterization of the thymidine kinase gene from herpesvirus of turkeys.the thymidine kinase gene encoded by herpesvirus of turkeys has been identified and characterized. a viral mutant (atr0) resistant to 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine was isolated. this mutant was also resistant to 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuronosyl)-5-methyluracil and was unable to incorporate [125i]deoxycytidine into dna. the mutant phenotype was rescued by a cloned region of the turkey herpesvirus genome whose dna sequence was found to contain an open reading frame similar to that fo ...19892724415
human gastric lipase. the n-terminal tetrapeptide is essential for lipid binding and lipase activity.human gastric lipase subjected to limited tryptic proteolysis lost its ability to hydrolyze emulsified long-chain triacylglycerol. activity against a water-soluble substrate was however retained, indicating that proteolysis did not affect the active site. sequence analysis revealed that trypsin specifically cleaved the linkage between lysine-4 and leucine-5. this cleavage rendered the enzyme unable to bind to emulsified triacylglycerol particles, e.g. human milk fat globules. we suggest that the ...19892753032
effects of systemic morphine upon a delta- and c-fibre evoked activities of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis neurones in the rat medulla.the effects of intravenous administration of morphine were examined on a delta- and c-fibre evoked activities of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (srd) neurones in the rat medulla. this region may have an important role in nociception since srd neurones exhibit whole body receptive fields from which they can be activated preferentially or exclusively by noxious stimulation. the present study demonstrates that morphine can depress the c-fibre evoked responses of srd neurones in a dose-related (3-1 ...19892753082
identification and characterization of an 8-kd peptide stimulating late erythropoiesis.chronic renal failure is often associated with severe anemia, subnormal levels of erythropoietin (epo), and the presence of erythropoietic inhibitors. we studied an anephric patient with polycystic kidney disease maintaining a hemoglobin level of 13-14 g. biochemical, endocrine, and hematological parameters were all within normal limits. epo levels examined on two occasions during the clinical investigation were found to be low to subnormal. plasma of this patient supported human bone marrow ery ...19892753086
the dispersion of echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of dogs.we studied the dispersion of adult echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of experimentally infected dogs at 2 scales of habitat use. on a coarse scale, worms were found most frequently in the anterior third of the small intestine. on a fine scale, clumps or aggregations, typically of 4-5 worms in an area of 12 mm2, occurred throughout the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. the most likely proximate cause of aggregative behavior is attraction between individual worms. there are at least 2 e ...19892760768
the dispersion of echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of dogs.we studied the dispersion of adult echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of experimentally infected dogs at 2 scales of habitat use. on a coarse scale, worms were found most frequently in the anterior third of the small intestine. on a fine scale, clumps or aggregations, typically of 4-5 worms in an area of 12 mm2, occurred throughout the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. the most likely proximate cause of aggregative behavior is attraction between individual worms. there are at least 2 e ...19892760768
relationship between concentration and anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin against electroshock-induced seizures in rats: comparison of sampling sites for concentration determinations.the purpose of this investigation was to determine the optimum sampling site for phenytoin concentration measurements in the context of pharmacodynamic studies of the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin. determination of drug concentrations in the serum, serum water, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of rats as a function of time after iv injection of a 6-mg/kg dose revealed a significant disequilibrium between brain and serum water for 15 min and between csf and serum water for 5 min after in ...19892760817
lack of effect by prostaglandin f2 alpha and verapamil on calcium uptake by isolated corpora lutea from pseudopregnant rats. 19892492809
[soy lipoxygenase as the object for the primary testing of potential inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis].the comparative study of the ability of three compounds (indomethacin, agent bw 755 c and arachidonate hydroxamic acid) to inhibit the activity of preparations of soya bean lipoxygenase and to block leukotriene c4 biosynthesis in human leukocytes recorded by reversed phase liquid chromatography was performed. it was shown that irrespectively of purification degree soya bean lipoxygenase is a sufficiently adequate object for primary testing of inhibitors of biosynthesis of leukotrienes with the g ...19892501105
the estimation of dietary protein intake in chronic renal failure.forty-five adult clinic patients with chronic renal failure each supplied a 4-day weighed dietary record, a 24-h urine collection, and a nocturnal spot urine sample. total nitrogen (n) losses derived from the urines were corrected for proteinuria and non-urea nitrogen excretion. individual estimates of n intake were compared by correlation and assessing the level of agreement. daily urea n excretion derived from the spot sample correlated well with the 24-h collection p less than 0.001, but the ...19892515492
bile acid profile in a dog with cholangiocarcinoma. 19892536512
protection of rainbow trout against vibriosis and furunculosis by the use of attenuated strains of vibrio anguillarum.the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum causes a lethal infection in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). three different avirulent mutants, constructed by transposon insertion mutagenesis (van20 and van70) or as antibiotic-resistant mutants (van1000), were isolated by screening 200 individual isolated mutants for avirulence. when used as live vaccines, all three avirulent mutants were able to induce protective immunity against the homologous as well as a heterologous strain of v. anguillarum. when van ...19892548446
enzyme polymorphism and clinical variability of diseases: a study of diabetes mellitus.we investigated possible relations among four common neonatal manifestations of diabetic pregnancy (macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, jaundice) and four enzyme polymorphisms (pgm1, ada, ak1, acp1 in a sample of infants born of diabetic mothers. the pattern of associations observed between the two sets of variables is consistent with known differences in enzymatic activity within phenotypes of each system, suggesting that low enzymatic activity may have unfavorable effects on fetal developm ...19892556341
effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets.the influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-hyd or +hyd) and limited nursing (-ln or +ln) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) in the third experiment. growth rates were severely depressed by h ...19892556355
antidepressants given repeatedly increase the behavioural effect of dopamine d-2 agonist.the effects of single or repeated doses of antidepressant drugs (imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, mianserin) on rat locomotor hyperactivity induced by quinpirole, a dopamine d-2 receptor agonist, was investigated. single doses of antidepressants do not change the effect of quinpirole, but enhance it when they are administered repeatedly. this enhancement is inhibited by (+/-)-sulpiride, a dopamine d-2 receptor antagonist. the results obtained indicate that the enhancement of dopaminergical ...19892569028
purification of igg from serum with caprylic acid and ammonium sulphate precipitation is not superior to ammonium sulphate precipitation alone.immunoglobulin g (igg) from bovine serum raised against aeromonas salmonicida was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (asp) or caprylic acid treatment followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation (caas). purity of igg samples prepared by both methods were examined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, electrophoresis and antibody activity assay. results suggest that igg prepared by asp is better than that obtained by caas method in terms of the yield of the igg monomers and t ...19892612135
autofluorescence in human alveolar macrophages from smokers: relation to cell surface markers and phagocytosis.flow cytometry was used to study the influence of smoking histories on autofluorescence, expression of surface markers, and phagocytic ability in alveolar macrophages (am) recruited by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from healthy smokers (n = 13) and nonsmokers (n = 13). alveolar macrophages have an autofluorescence that can be quenched by a recently developed technique. in the present study, this technique was used in combination with flow cytofluorometry. alveolar macrophages from smokers (mean 1 ...19892612443
autofluorescence in human alveolar macrophages from smokers: relation to cell surface markers and phagocytosis.flow cytometry was used to study the influence of smoking histories on autofluorescence, expression of surface markers, and phagocytic ability in alveolar macrophages (am) recruited by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from healthy smokers (n = 13) and nonsmokers (n = 13). alveolar macrophages have an autofluorescence that can be quenched by a recently developed technique. in the present study, this technique was used in combination with flow cytofluorometry. alveolar macrophages from smokers (mean 1 ...19892612443
prp (proline-rich protein) genes linked to markers es-12 (esterase-12), ea-10 (erythrocyte alloantigen), and loci on distal mouse chromosome 6.the closely linked proline-rich protein (prp) genes, coding for abundant salivary proteins, are located on distal mouse chromosome 6. they are part of a conserved linkage group that is represented on human chromosome 12p. two other markers, ea-10 and es-12, that were previously unassigned to a chromosome are closely linked to prp genes in the mouse.19892613230
automated biochemical identification of bacterial fish pathogens using the abbott quantum ii.the quantum ii, originally designed by abbott diagnostics for automated rapid identification of members of enterobacteriaceae, was adapted for the identification of bacterial fish pathogens. the instrument operates as a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 492.600 nm. a sample cartridge containing 20 inoculated biochemical chambers is inserted in the path of the analyzing beam. reactions are converted into a 7-digit octal biocode, relayed via a sensor to the memory module, and compared to biocod ...19892644450
delivered volume during high-frequency ventilation. 19892648741
characterization of aeromonas salmonicida mutants with low-level resistance to multiple antibiotics.aeromonas salmonicida mutants selected for low-level resistance to small-molecular-mass antibiotics occur at frequencies that suggest point mutations and exhibit pleiotropic effects such as a multiple low-level antibiotic resistance, changes in outer membrane protein profiles, and loss of major exoprotease activity. multiple low-level resistance appeared as the result of decreased outer membrane permeability associated with a change from a 38.5- to a 37-kilodalton (kda) outer membrane protein. t ...19892653212
malignant hyperpyrexia. 19892653537
heterogeneity of responses to lh-releasing hormone and phorbol ester among rat gonadotrophs: a study using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh.protein kinase c (pk-c) has been implicated in the action of lhrh because lhrh-induced release of lh is partially mimicked by phorbol esters which activate pk-c, and reduced in magnitude by inhibitors of pk-c. we have used a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh to visualize and compare the direct effects on individual rat gonadotrophs of (1) a 2-h exposure to a range of concentrations of lhrh and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) and (2) a single maximally stimulatory dose (10 nm) of lhrh ...19892669809
oviducal storage of spermatozoa in the turkey: its relevance to artificial insemination technology.1. this paper addresses questions concerning the role of oviducal sperm selection and storage in the relative inefficiency of turkey reproduction. 2. before the onset of egg production, the turkey has the biological potential to store spermatozoa in its oviduct for periods up to 5 weeks; after the onset of production fewer spermatozoa are retained by the oviduct. 3. a better understanding of the biological mechanisms which regulate sperm selection and storage in the turkey oviduct is necessary t ...19892670069
sodium-transport nadh-quinone reductase of a marine vibrio alginolyticus.the respiratory chain of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, required na+ for maximum activity, and the site of na+ -dependent activation was localized on the nadh-quinone reductase segment. the na+ -dependent nadh-quinone reductase extruded na+ as a direct result of redox reaction. it was composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, with apparent mr of 52, 46, and 32 kda, respectively. the reduction of ubiquinone-1 to ubiquinol proceeded via ubisemiquinone radicals. the former reac ...19892687259
the quantitative relationship of lethality between extracellular protease and extracellular haemolysin of aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).an additive relationship of lethality between purified protease and haemolysin of the extracellular products (ecp) of aeromonas salmonicida was demonstrated by i.p. injection in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). the lethal toxicity of the combinations of protease and haemolysin follow a linear regression line y = -54.54x + 2400. the ld50 of protease and haemolysin when injected separately was 2400 ng/g fish and 44 ng protein/g fish, respectively.19892689276
smoking among medical students in hong kong.a survey was conducted among two classes of medical students (n = 293) at the university of hong kong to study their smoking habits and knowledge of and attitudes toward smoking. the response rate was 97.3%. there was only one daily smoker (0.4%) and 21 occasional smokers (7.4%). while the respondents regarded health and self-discipline as the main reasons for not smoking, the social taboo against smoking among young people might have also deterred this educated elite from smoking. many of them ...19892700658
preliminary x-ray diffraction studies on lobster atp: l-arginine phosphotransferase. 1989171414
cross resistance between oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid in aeromonas salmonicida associated with alterations in outer membrane proteins.oxytetracycline resistant mutants of aeromonas salmonicida isolated from mutation frequency experiments showed decreased susceptibility to oxolinic acid. outer membrane preparations of these resistant mutant strains revealed a major protein, with a molecular mass of approximately 37 kda, which was not present in significant quantities in the parent strain.19902083844
intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study.light and electron microscopy were used to analyze nine therapy-resistant and asymptomatic human periapical lesions, which were removed as block biopsies during surgical treatment of the affected teeth. the cases that required surgery represented about 10% of all of the cases which received endodontic treatment and root fillings during the period 1977 to 1984. these cases revealed periapical lesions when they were examined 4 to 10 yr after treatment. the biopsies were processed for correlated li ...19902094761
aromatic-dependent mutants of aeromonas salmonicida. 19902101485
[spectroscopy of the liver in vivo using nuclear magnetic resonance. a new approach in hepatic physiopathology].nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is a non-invasive means of detecting numerous compounds, thus enabling real-time studies to be carried out on such topics as energy metabolism, intracellular ph and main intermediate metabolism pathways. this method has been used for several years to study perfused livers and rat livers in vivo, but its application to man has just begun. we describe some of its principal uses, with emphasis on the possibilities it offers to investigate the metabolic ...19902140172
restriction endonuclease fingerprinting analysis of canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida.restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) analysis was used to examine total cellular dna prepared from 56 independent field isolates of the fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida. dna was digested singly with the restriction enzymes ecori and hindiii, and the resulting fragments separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. the ref patterns of typical isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were distinct from those of a. hydrophila, a. salmonicida su ...19902159364
induction of ornithine decarboxylase mrna in cerebral cortex in response to lesion of nucleus basalis. 19902164982
a general method to generate dna probes for microorganisms.we present a method that permits the rapid generation of dna probes for eubacteria. in the procedure the variable regions for the 16s rrna genes are amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and primers based on the conserved regions of these genes. following sequencing of the variable regions, a choice is possible for a probe specific for that organism. no knowledge of the molecular biology of the microorganism is required prior to the application of this approach. the generali ...19901369980
toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides produce acute toxicosis via a common mechanism--the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase--and, therefore, these categories of insecticides are considered together. this article discusses the mechanisms, toxicity, clinical signs, lesions, and diagnosis of, as well as treatment for, toxicoses produced by these compounds.19902180181
purification of cloned proaerolysin released by a low protease mutant of aeromonas salmonicida.the precursor to the hole-forming toxin aerolysin has been purified in high yield from culture supernatants of a mutant of aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned structural gene. the mutant strain was generated by tn5 mutagenesis. it released little or no protease or other extracellular proteins, including phospholipase, suggesting that it is a regulatory mutant. the absence of protease allowed the isolation of protoxin free from contaminating aerolysin. typically, more than 50 mg of pure p ...19902190617
mutations in the trfa replication gene of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 result in elevated plasmid copy numbers.mutated forms of trfa, the replication protein gene of plasmid rk2, that support a minimal rk2 origin plasmid in escherichia coli at copy numbers up to 23-fold higher than normal have been isolated. six such high-copy-number (copy-up) mutations were mapped and sequenced. in each case, a single base transition led to an amino acid substitution in the trfa protein primary sequence. the six mutations affected different residues of the protein and were located within a 69-base-pair region encoding 2 ...19902193921
a concurrent increasing of natural antibodies and enhancement of resistance to furunculosis in rainbow trout.in order to compare the respective roles of specific response and non-specific mechanisms in the enhancement of resistance to furunculosis, 2 groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with supernatants of aeromonas salmonicida or escherichia coli cultures. the fish received 4 weekly intraperitoneal injections (70 micrograms of crude proteins). one control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline, while another was untreated. specific agglutinins were produced only in ...19902202250
characterization of aeromonas salmonicida variants with altered cell surfaces and their use in studying surface protein assembly.aeromonas salmonicida variants were characterized for alterations in their cell surface structure and used to examine reconstitution of the surface protein layer (a-layer). variants lacking outer membrane o-polysaccharide were devoid of a-layer and excreted stainable floret-like material of the surface protein (a-protein). one variant, showing partial loss of o-polysaccharide, was associated with a disrupted a-layer and excretion of some a-protein. variants lacking a-protein but possessing o-pol ...19902222123
cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on sensitive human melanoma cells in vitro may result in selection of cells with enhanced markers of malignancy.monolayer cultures of the human melanoma cell lines stml-12, stml-11, stml-14 (third, respectively, twenty-fifth subculture), and skmel-28 derived from specimens representing different stages of tumor progression were treated with 10-10,000 u/ml rtnf-alpha applied for 72 h. the effects of rtnf-alpha on cell proliferation, dna synthesis, cell viability, cloning efficiency, cell division, cell morphology, and the immunophenotype were studied in triplicate experiments. the cell line stml-14(3) reve ...19902258639
cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on sensitive human melanoma cells in vitro may result in selection of cells with enhanced markers of malignancy.monolayer cultures of the human melanoma cell lines stml-12, stml-11, stml-14 (third, respectively, twenty-fifth subculture), and skmel-28 derived from specimens representing different stages of tumor progression were treated with 10-10,000 u/ml rtnf-alpha applied for 72 h. the effects of rtnf-alpha on cell proliferation, dna synthesis, cell viability, cloning efficiency, cell division, cell morphology, and the immunophenotype were studied in triplicate experiments. the cell line stml-14(3) reve ...19902258639
purification and spectral study of a microbial fatty acyltransferase: activation by limited proteolysis.a fatty acyltransferase with a reaction mechanism similar to that of mammalian lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase has been purified from culture supernatants of a mutant aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned aeromonas hydrophila structural gene. typically, more than 35 mg of protein were isolated from 2 l of culture supernatant. the amino-terminal sequence, amino acid composition, and molecular weight of the purified protein corresponded to predictions based on the sequence of the gene, ...19902271578
in vitro activities of 4-quinolones against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.the activities of five fluorinated 4-quinolones, namely, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, pd127391, pd117596, and ci934, against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were investigated and compared with that of oxolinic acid. the results indicated that with the exception of ci934, these drugs are more active than oxolinic acid in terms of mic. no inoculum effect was observed, but the drugs were less active at 10 degrees c than at 22 degrees c. the presence of 3% of nacl caused an increase in drug a ...19902285298
[penis endoscopy: our experience apropos of 200 cases].the use of the colposcope and acetic acid in the man has shown many genital lesions due to papillomavirus which had not been revealed until then by clinical examination. the authors study the prevalence of these lesions in 200 partners of women with an hpv genital infection. 71.5 per cent abnormal peniscopies were found; 73.5 per cent in the group of partners of women presenting a simple viral disease and 63.5 per cent when the women has an associated cervical dysplasia. 34 per cent of the patie ...19902291046
structural and chemical characterization of the s layer of a pseudomonas-like bacterium.sections and freeze-fractured preparations showed an s layer on the surface of pseudomonas-like strain eu2. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell envelopes extracted with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at room temperature showed three proteins (45k, 55k, and 110k). the 55k protein was identified as the s-layer protein. incubation in 1.5 m guanidine hydrochloride removed the s layer from cell envelopes and dissociated the structure into subunits. the soluble 55k protein reassembled into pla ...19902298701
digestibility of cotton plant by-product diets for sheep at two levels of intake.crossbred wethers (n = 48) were assigned randomly to 1 of 12 experimental diets, arranged in a 3 x 2 x 2 split plot to evaluate three levels of cotton plant by-product (25, 50 and 75% cpb), two levels of naoh treatment of cpb (0 and 4%) and two levels of monensin supplementation (0 and 30 ppm, dm basis) at two intake levels (70 and 90% of ad libitum). intake was a within-lamb variable. ad libitum intake was established over an initial 17-d adjustment period. feed intake and fecal output were rec ...19902312420
evidence against dormancy in the bacterial fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.results indicate that a. salmonicida does not enter an unculturable dormant state. the resuscitation of dormant cells by nutrient broth described by previous workers appears to be due to the presence of small numbers of viable, culturable cells too few to be detected by the sampling protocol employed.19902332152
glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase complexed with lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major lethal exotoxin and cytolysin of aeromonas salmonicida: lps stabilizes and enhances toxicity of the enzyme.an extracellular lethal toxin produced by aeromonas salmonicida was purified by fast-protein liquid ion-exchange chromatography. the toxin is composed of glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat) (molecular mass, 25 kilodaltons) aggregated with lipopolysaccharide (lps), the gcat/lps complex having a molecular mass of about 2,000 kilodaltons, estimated by gel filtration chromatography. the toxin is lethal for atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) at a concentration of 0.045 micrograms of ...19902394687
developmental cycle-specific host-free rna synthesis in chlamydia spp.the incorporation of radiolabeled gtp into rna in host-free chlamydia trachomatis serovar l2 organisms was investigated. the incorporation was partially inhibited by rifampin and dactinomycin and hydrolyzed by rnase. rna made by host-free chlamydiae consisted mainly of species of fewer than 800 bases in size, although 16s and 23s species were noted by agarose-gel electrophoresis. the hybridization of radiolabeled host-free rna to restriction fragments of the gene encoding the major outer membran ...19901698176
reinforcement of colon anastomoses with polyglycolic acid mesh: an experimental study.polyglycolic acid (pga) meshes have successfully been used in the treatment of injured parenchymatous organs. in our study we investigated the value of pga meshes for reinforcement of colon anastomoses in a rat model. in 75 wistar rats the transverse colon was transected and reanastomosed in a single-layer technique. the anastomoses in half of the animals were performed with 6 stitches. in the other animals the anastomoses were performed with 4 stitches only and were therefore supposed to leak. ...19902176159
effect of diabetes and aging on carboxymethyllysine levels in human urine.carboxymethyllysine (cml) has been identified as a modified amino acid that accumulates with age in human lens proteins and collagen. cml may be formed by oxidation of fructoselysine (fl), the amadori adduct formed on nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysine residues in protein, or by reaction of ascorbate with protein under autoxidizing conditions. we proposed that measurements of tissue and urinary cml may be useful as indices of oxidative stress or damage to proteins in vivo. to determine the ext ...19911899406
human serum stimulates endothelin-1 synthesis more potently than prostacyclin production by cultured vascular endothelial cells.human serum stimulated the synthesis of a vasoconstrictive peptide, endothelin-1 (et-1), and a vasodilatory prostanoid, prostacyclin (pgi2), by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. incubation in 20% concentration of the serum for 24 h stimulated et-1 synthesis almost six-fold while pgi2 production increased two-fold. in addition, a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma), inhibited the serum-induced et-1 produ ...19911865754
the arcuate line of the rectus sheath--does it exist?the lower halves of the anterior abdominal wall of 40 human specimens of both sexes and various ages were studied. the anatomical features seen were widely variable and quite different from the conventional picture. the fibres of the posterior lamina of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses gradually shift from the posterior to the anterior rectus sheath starting from the level of the umbilicus down to the level of the symphysis pubis. thus, these anterior laminae gradually ...19911828798
isolation and characterization of turbot (scophtalmus maximus)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against vibrio anguillarum.more than 400 isolates from the intestine and the external surface of farmed scophtalmus maximus as well as from fish food and hatchery water were screened for inhibitory effects against the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum hi 11345 and seven other fish pathogens. the bacteria with inhibitory effects were then characterized with regard to their sites of colonization, especially the intestinal regions and sites within each region. of the total number of bacterial isolates from the intestine, 28% ...19911768092
survival of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in seawater.survival of aeromonas salmonicida in natural (non-sterile) seawater, as determined from colony counts on marine agar, was found to be influenced by the presence of potentially inhibitory organisms, i.e., acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, chromobacterium, escherichia coli, flavobacterium and pseudomonas, and their metabolites. yet, samples, thought to be devoid of culturable a. salmonicida, were found to contain cells, which were filterable through 0.22 and 0.45 microns millipore millex porosi ...19911769545
in vitro susceptibility of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida to flumequine.the activity of the fluoroquinolone flumequine was investigated against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida and was compared with that of oxolinic acid. flumequine was more active than oxolinic acid in terms of its mic against oxolinic acid-resistant isolates of a. salmonicida and was as active as oxolinic acid against susceptible isolates. in contrast to oxolinic acid, flumequine was bactericidal, with only 1% of the bacteria surviving 6 h of exposure to the drug at concentrations slightly ...19911810198
siderophore production by aeromonas salmonicida.growth under conditions of iron-restriction and the production of siderophores was examined in 21 typical and 14 atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida. with the exception of one atypical strain, all strains grew and multiplied in the presence of the high-affinity iron chelators ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl or transferrin. chrome azurol s agar was used to screen bacterial strains growing under these conditions for the production of siderophores. side ...19911830896
isolation and phenotypic characterization of an oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida causing furunculosis in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch).an oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from coho salmon (oncorhynchus) kisutch) suffering from an epizootic of furunculosis at the state hatchery near belfair, washington. typical, oxidase-positive a. salmonicida was isolated concurrently from the same population of fish. mortality was controlled with medicated feed treatments. evidence supporting the identification of the two types of a. salmonicida is presented. methods for the proper identification of oxidase-negative a. salmo ...19911850808
effect of monocular enucleation or impulse blockage on gamma-aminobutyric acid and cytochrome oxidase levels in neurons of the adult cat lateral geniculate nucleus.much attention has been paid to the effect of various types of neonatally induced retinal insults on neurons of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). little is known about cellular adjustment to functional alterations commencing in the adult. the present study was aimed at examining the effect of monocular enucleation or retinal impulse blockade on mature neurons of the cat lgn and perigeniculate nucleus. in addition to labeling the relay neurons with cytochrome oxidase (co) histochemistry a ...19911851037
high blood pressure during pregnancy and working conditions among hospital personnel.the relationship between working conditions and high blood pressure during pregnancy was analysed in a sample of 621 women hospital employees in the paris region over the period 1979-1981. data were collected by interviews during the routine medical visit at the end of postnatal leave. women who had to work standing up for extended periods of time, who had to carry heavy loads or who had to perform heavy cleaning tasks had high blood pressure during their pregnancy more often than women not expo ...19911855606
analysis and pyrolysis of some n-nitrosamino acids in tobacco and tobacco smoke.a new tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(n-nitrosomethylamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (iso-nnac), has been identified in tobacco, and its structure was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following enrichment of a tobacco extract. the levels of iso-nnac ranged from 0.01 to 0.95 ppm. it does not induce dna repair in primary rat hepatocytes and is inactive as a tumorigenic agent in strain a mice. in order to study the fate of nitrosamino acids during smoking, we spiked cigarettes wi ...19911855899
site-directed mutagenesis of a single tryptophan near the middle of the channel-forming toxin aerolysin inhibits its transfer across the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida.the channel-forming protein aerolysin must cross both the inner and outer bacterial membranes during its secretion from aeromonas hydrophila or from aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned structural gene. we examined the fate of three mutant proteins in which trp-227, near the middle of the amino acid chain, was replaced with glycine, leucine, or phenylalanine by site-directed mutagenesis. all three proteins crossed the inner membrane and entered the periplasm in the same way as wild-type, ...19911860853
structure of the tetragonal surface virulence array protein and gene of aeromonas salmonicida.the paracrystalline surface protein array of the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is a primary virulence factor with novel binding capabilities. the species-specific structural gene (vapa) for this array protein (a-protein) was cloned into lambda gt11 but was unstable when expressed in escherichia coli, undergoing an 816-base pair deletion due to a 21-base pair direct repeat within the gene. however, the gene was stable in cosmid pla2917 as long as expression was poor. a-protein was lo ...19911869553
survival of aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in lake water was investigated by using a variety of techniques. they included acridine orange epifluorescence, respiration, cell culture, cell revival, flow cytometry, plasmid maintenance, and membrane fatty acid analysis. during a 21-day study, a. salmonicida became nonculturable in sterile lake water samples. flow cytometry and direct microscopy indicated that cells were present. although the nonculturable cells could not be revived, th ...19911872606
health status of salmonids in river systems in natal. iii. isolation and identification of bacteria.both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fish, both salmonid and non-salmonid, from selected river systems in natal. pasteurella pisicida was isolated for the first time from fish in south africa. the isolation of yersinia ruckeri, aeromonas salmonicida, and edwardsiella tarda were recorded for the first time from fish in natal. a. hydrophila and flexibacter columnaris were found to be widespread throughout the river systems in natal. the streptococcus species which caused ...19911881658
introduction of vascular smooth muscle cells expressing recombinant genes in vivo.vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by proliferating in response to vascular injury and releasing growth-promoting factors. because their autocrine and paracrine effects are not fully understood, expression of such growth factor genes in specific cell types in vivo would help to determine their mechanism of action. we describe a method to transfer vascular smooth muscle cells expressing recombinant gene products to localized segments of the arteria ...19911899366
surface-disorganized, attenuated mutants of aeromonas salmonicida as furunculosis live vaccines.a slow-growing, aminoglycoside-resistant mutant and a rapidly-growing pseudo-revertant were isolated from aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of salmonid furunculosis. these mutants continued to elicit a variety of classical virulence factors associated with a. salmonicida pathogenesis. they differed morphologically from the wild-type and from one another with respect to a-layer organization, membrane antagonist sensitivity and particularly to aerobic metabolism. both mutants were drastic ...19911961112
freeze-substitution of gram-negative eubacteria: general cell morphology and envelope profiles.freeze-substitution was performed on strains of escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, campylobacter fetus, vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, aeromonas salmonicida, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, caulobacter crescentus, and leptothrix discophora with a substitution medium composed of 2% osmium tetroxide and 2% uranyl acetate in anhydrous acetone. a thick periplasmic gel ranging from 10.6 to 14.3 nm in width was displayed in e. coli k-12, k30, and hi ...19911999383
effect of paracrystalline protein surface layers on predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.we determined that paracrystalline protein surface arrays (s layers) protected gram-negative eubacteria from predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. aquaspirillum serpens vha and mw5 and aquaspirillum sinuosum were resistant to predation by b. bacteriovorus 6-5-s when fully covered by their s layers. the s layer of aeromonas salmonicida a449 protected the cells from predication by b. bacteriovorus 109j. a predacious, plaque-forming vibrio that lysed an s-layer- variant of caulobacter crescentus ...19912007549
improvement in anemia by recombinant human erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia. 19912040187
opsonizing activity of anti-aeromonas salmonicida antibodies after inactivation of complement in rainbow trout.young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with killed aeromonas salmonicida, bled 5 wk later, and tested for the presence of serum agglutinins. the positive antisera were pooled and fractionated in a ultrogel aca 34 column. seven fractions were collected and concentrated. the higher agglutinin titres were found in the 2nd fraction, which also contained igm revealed by immunoelectrophoresis. the 7 fractions were heated for 30 min at 45 degrees c to inactivate the complement system, ...19912042906
form and functions of the regular surface array (s-layer) of aeromonas salmonicida.the principal virulence factor of aeromonas salmonicida is its s-layer (a-layer) which is comprised of tetragonally arrayed approximately 50,000 mr protein subunits tethered to the cell surface via lps. the detailed composition of its lps is known, as is the primary sequence, and three-dimensional disposition of the a protein subunits. the a-layer physically protects the cell against bacteriophage, proteases, as well as immune and non-immune complement. the a-layer appears to be uniquely adapted ...19912044685
atypical characteristics of the salmonid pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.incubation of aeromonas salmonicida at supra-optimal temperatures, i.e. 30-37 degrees c, resulted in the expression of motility by polar flagella, and changes in sugar fermentation patterns, e.g. loss of acid production from mannitol, loss of the ability to degrade complex molecules (aesculin, dna, elastin and gelatin), and an increase in antibiotic resistance (notably co-trimoxazole). motility was enhanced in cultures grown in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 18% (w/v) ficoll.19911919508
psychological stress-induced increases in noradrenaline release in rat brain regions are attenuated by diazepam, but not by morphine.by measuring levels of noradrenaline (na) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (mhpg-so4) in the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus coeruleus region, we investigated the effects of diazepam 5.0 mg/kg, morphine 6.0 mg/kg, or naloxone at 5.0 or 10 mg/kg injected sc immediately before stress exposure, on increases in na release caused by psychological stress. psychological stress, wherein rats were exposed to emotional responses which were displayed by other elect ...19911924502
cyanide antagonism in a rodent model. 19911805737
production of colony-stimulating factors during pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis.the colony-stimulating factors (csfs) are cytokines involved in the production, differentiation, and activation of host phagocytes. during murine infection with chlamydia trachomatis (mopn), plasma csf levels increased in euthymic (nu/+) and athymic (nu/nu) balb/c mice. levels declined later in infection, with the nu/+ mice resolving the infection but the nu/nu mice succumbing by day 16. either live or heat-killed chlamydia organisms could induce csf increases on day 7 postchallenge in nu/+ mice ...19911828791
biochemical and epr probes for structure-function studies of iron sulfur centers of succinate dehydrogenase. 1991183467
eec directives relative to community experience for student nurses. 1992258210
teaching the nursing process: the nursing process - a framework for care studies. 1992257474
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