Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mechanism of action of the new orally active cephalosporin fk027. | the mechanism of action of a new orally active cephalosporin, fk027, was compared to that of cephalexin and cefaclor to elucidate its excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. fk027 showed very high affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) 3, 1a and 1bs of escherichia coli whereas cephalexin showed fairly high affinity for pbps 1a, 4 and 3. the ability of fk027 to penetrate the outer membranes of e. coli and enterobacter cloacae was less than that of cephalexin ... | 1984 | 6381449 |
| cephalosporin antibiotics as applied in surgery of bones and joints. | new cephalosporin antibiotics will continue to be discovered as old forms are found to lose effectiveness. cephalosporins currently account for a major part of any hospital pharmacy budget. they are often used inappropriately in treatment of both community and hospital infections. cephalosporins should be used when penicillins are not effective and for particular infections. a major use of cephalosporins is in prophylaxis; cephalosporin antibiotics will not prevent infections caused by organisms ... | 1984 | 6386261 |
| enzymatic profiles of enterobacter sakazakii and related species with special reference to the alpha-glucosidase reaction and reproducibility of the test system. | the enzymatic profiles of enterobacter sakazakii, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter agglomerans were determined with the api zym system (api system s.a., la balme les grottes, france). each assay was performed three times. a simple formula was derived and applied to assess the reproducibility of the api zym tests. in addition, a separate alpha-glucosidase test was performed. all e. sakazakii isolates produced alpha-glucosidase, in contrast to the other enterobacter i ... | 1984 | 6386874 |
| an evaluation of the bacteriolytic and biochemical properties of ceftiolene (42980rp). | ceftiolene (42980rp) is a new cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum similar to cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. the characteristics of ceftiolene have been tested in a variety of assays involving various biochemical aspects of the mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. the affinities of ceftiolene for penicillin-binding proteins were very comparable with those of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime for escherichia coli, and generally greater than those of latamoxef (moxalactam) for the higher m ... | 1984 | 6394571 |
| reproducibility of the ms-2 system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae: a collaborative study with blindly assigned reference stains. | the reproducibility of identification and biochemical reactions for five different reference organisms of enterobacteriaceae; proteus vulgaris, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter cloacae, were evaluated using the updated ms-2 system software (abbott laboratories, diagnostic division, irving, tex.) in a collaborative study involving 11 laboratories. when a total of 220 randomly coded test organisms were blindly examined, the ms-2 system correctly identi ... | 1984 | 6394615 |
| direct identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli from bactec bottles by use of the ms-2 system with updated bacterial identification software. | the abbott ms-2 system (abbott laboratories, diagnostic division, irving, tex.), equipped with updated bacterial identification software (version 03.02), was used to perform both direct identification and susceptibility tests on gram-negative bacilli from positive bactec blood culture bottles. ninety-eight of 101 enterobacteriaceae strains, one strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and two strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were correctly identified by following a direct inoculation procedure. o ... | 1984 | 6394624 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli k-12 of the structural gene for outer membrane phoe protein from enterobacter cloacae. | in escherichia coli k-12, the phoe gene encodes an outer membrane pore protein, which is induced by phosphate starvation. the corresponding gene of enterobacter cloacae was transferred to e. coli k-12 by using rp4::mini mu plasmid pulb113 and selecting for r-prime plasmids that carry the genes proa and prob, which are closely linked to phoe in e. coli k-12. the phoe gene was subcloned into the multicopy vector pacyc184, and the location of the gene was determined by analysis of in vitro construc ... | 1984 | 6397399 |
| bacterial growth and endotoxin production in lipid emulsion. | klebsiella pneumoniae serotypes 21 and 24 and enterobacter cloacae were responsible for an outbreak of polymicrobial bacteremia associated with the receipt of lipid emulsion. since it is recommended that lipid emulsion be kept refrigerated between uses, we undertook a study to determine the growth characteristics of these organisms in lipid emulsion at 5 and 25 degrees c and to examine the use of alternative measurements (ph and endotoxin) to determine contamination by viable and nonviable micro ... | 1984 | 6361059 |
| enteral nutrient solutions. limiting bacterial growth. | bacterial contamination of enteral nutrient solutions ( ens ) in ffcess of food product standards is known to occur in the hospital setting. the large amounts of bacteria often given with ens have been shown to create a reservoir for nosocomial infections, and nonpathogenic bacteria have been implicated. patient tolerance is dependent on immune status and the bacterial load delivered to the gut. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial growth-sustaining properties of various ens a ... | 1984 | 6428286 |
| effects of time, temperature, and preservative on bacterial growth in enteral nutrient solutions. | bacterial contamination and the effects of time, temperature, and preservative on bacterial growth in enteral nutrient solutions were studied. bacteria were counted after 24-hour incubation of five samples of frozen travasorb std (travenol laboratories) from the pharmacy and five samples freshly reconstituted in the dietary department. growth in samples of travasorb std prepared in the pharmacy was studied after (1) fresh mixing, 24-hour refrigeration, and 12 hours at room temperature, (2) freez ... | 1984 | 6430069 |
| [isolation of propionibacterium acnes and enterobacter cloacae from a case of infective endocarditis]. | 1984 | 6431026 | |
| effect of ph, application technique, and chlorine-to-nitrogen ratio on disinfectant activity of inorganic chloramines with pure culture bacteria. | the influence of ph, application technique, and chlorine-to-nitrogen weight ratio on the bactericidal activity of inorganic chloramine compounds was determined with stock and environmental strains of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae. the rate of inactivation increased from 1.5 to 2 times as the chlorine-to-nitrogen weight ratio was adjusted from 2:1 to 5:1, 5 to 6 times as the ph was decreased from 8 to 6, and 5 to 6 times ... | 1984 | 6437328 |
| [bacteriocin typing for clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae--an epidemiologic consideration]. | 1984 | 6439786 | |
| temocillin: in vitro activity against 734 selected clinical isolates, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. | the in vitro activity of temocillin against 734 clinical isolates was tested by broth microdilution. good activity was demonstrated against enterobacteriaceae and both beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae. there was little to no activity against gram-positive cocci and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. bactericidal activity and effect of inoculum size on temocillin activity were comparable to that of ticarcillin. temocillin was stab ... | 1984 | 6443203 |
| [dibekacin in the treatment of urinary infections in the elderly]. | urinary tract infections in the elderly are severe and intractable, often justifying the use of aminoglycosides. we studied the effects of dibekacin in 28 patients, with no vesical catheter, whose average age was 78 +/- 6.1 years. the drug was given for ten days, in an average dose of 2.1 mg/kg/day divided into two injections. serum concentration was measured after one hour on day 1 and after eight hours on days 1 and 10. causative pathogens, all susceptible to dibekacin, were: 18 e. coli, 3 pro ... | 1984 | 6462747 |
| effect of antibiotic use on the incidence of cephalosporin resistance in two australian hospitals. | the incidence of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to three generations of cephalosporins was surveyed in two large hospitals with widely differing rates of cephalosporin usage. overall resistance (mic greater than 5 mg/l) of enterobacteriaceae to cefotaxime in the hospital using large amounts of cephalosporins was 4% compared with 0.7% in the other. enterobacter species accounted for most resistant isolates and resistant enterobacter cloacae replaced sensitive strains in four patients given ... | 1984 | 6501136 |
| in vitro activity of win 49375 compared with those of other antibiotics in isolates from cancer patients. | the activity of win 49375 [6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-1-(methylamino)-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid], a new synthetic quinolone, was tested in vitro against 587 clinical isolates. the mics for 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae were 0.20, 1.56, and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. the mics for 90% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens were both 3.12 micrograms/ml. win 49375 was minimally active ag ... | 1984 | 6508271 |
| composition of o-antigenic lipopolysaccharides from enterobacter cloacae. | analyses have been carried out on lipopolysaccharides (lps) from 14 strains of enterobacter cloacae representing different o serotypes. all of the products appeared to have a composition and architecture typical of enterobacterial lps, but points of interest include the absence of phosphate residues from the core oligosaccharide, the presence of both l-glycero-d-mannoheptose and d-glycero-d-mannoheptose (ratio usually about 4:1), and the presence in lipid a of small amounts of fatty acids with o ... | 1984 | 6521668 |
| enterobacter sakazakii: a tween 80 esterase-positive representative of the genus enterobacter isolated from powdered milk specimens. | enterobacter sakazakii is the new species name introduced in 1977 for yellow-pigmented strains originally designated as yellow enterobacter cloacae. all of the six e.sakazakii strains isolated from powdered milk specimens were found to produce tween 80 esterase after 7 days of incubation at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. from e.cloacae it is distinguishable by reactions in four, or even three, biochemical tests, i.e. by production of yellow pigment, positive production of tween 80 esterase and b ... | 1984 | 6527001 |
| development of resistance to cephalosporins in clinical strains of citrobacter spp. | the predominant beta-lactam antibiogram of citrobacter freundii resembles that of enterobacter cloacae in demonstrating resistance to cephalothin and cefoxitin with susceptibility to the newer cephalosporins. four representative strains of c. freundii were reversibly induced to high-level beta-lactamase production by cefoxitin, and mutants with stable, high-level production were selected with cefamandole. the mutants were resistant to several second- and third-generation cephalosporins. comparis ... | 1984 | 6610388 |
| in vitro combination effects of cefotetan with four aminoglycosides, piperacillin and mezlocillin on gram-positive and gram-negative nosocomial bacteria. | the in vitro efficacy of cefotetan in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterobacter cloacae and with piperacillin and mezlocillin against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and enterobacter cloacae was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. on average, 60% of the gram-negative and 46% of the gram-positive strains were inhibited by additive, but only 22% of th ... | 1984 | 6596165 |
| chemiluminescent response to pathogenic organisms: normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | chemiluminescence (cl) is a sensitive indicator of phagocytosis and intracellular killing; however, little is known of the normal cl response by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to different pathogenic microorganisms. we investigated the luminol-enhanced cl response of normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes to a number of common bacterial pathogens and two yeasts. we analyzed the cl response to viable and heat-killed microorganisms at 25 and 37 degrees c. the cl response to all microorganisms was ... | 1984 | 6693174 |
| bacterial interference with coliform colony sheen production on membrane filters. | the membrane filter (mf) method for detection and enumeration of coliform bacteria in drinking water requires that the coliforms both grow and produce a green metallic sheen when the filter is incubated on modified endo medium at 35 degrees c for 22 h. large numbers of noncoliform bacteria, which are enumerated by the standard plate count (spc) technique, can interfere with the detection of coliforms on mf. this paper presents quantitative evidence from laboratory experiments on the interference ... | 1984 | 6696423 |
| canaliculitis caused by enterobacter cloacae: report of a case. | a 65-year-old man developed canaliculitis first of the left lower and later of the left upper lacrimal canaliculus. mucoid material expressed from the upper canaliculus grew a pure culture of enterobacter cloacae, the colonies of which had a stringy, tenacious, mucoid property consistent with the clinical findings. treatment with topical chloramphenicol and oral ampicillin was followed by complete resolution. | 1984 | 6712916 |
| [epidemiological study of a multiresistant enterobacter cloacae causing iatrogenic infection in a surgical unit]. | 1984 | 6720166 | |
| treatment of invasive enterobacter cloacae burn wound sepsis with topical nitrofurazone. | nine patients with invasive enterobacter cloacae burn wound sepsis were identified in a series of 400 admissions to our burn center. in vitro antibacterial testing of topical agents revealed sensitivity to nitrofurazone cream. treatment of this series of patients with nitrofurazone resulted in an overall 66% survival compared with an 86% mortality reported in the literature. we recommend that topical antibacterial sensitivity testing be routinely performed in the microbiology laboratory for isol ... | 1984 | 6737529 |
| [enterobacter cloacae. in vivo emergence of a variant resistant to new beta-lactams during treatment with lamoxactam-gentamicin]. | in a patient recently operated for an abdominal gun wound, and given gentamicin-cephalosporin (cefoxitin for one day, then moxalactam) for 11 days, treatment failed as a result of emergence of a e. cloacae variant resistant to beta-lactams only, i.e. carbenicillin, mezlocillin, cefamandole (cfm), cefoperazone (cpz), cefotaxim (ctx) and moxalactam ( mox ). the initial susceptible strains isolated from blood cultures (sh1, sh2) and the resistant ones isolated 11 days later from pancreatic pus (rp) ... | 1984 | 6739148 |
| a transport-dependent energy burden imposed by growth of enterobacter cloacae in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate. | growth of enterobacter cloacae in a glucose asparagine salts medium in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate entailed an energy burden in the form of a 20% decreased cell yield, a 30% faster rate of glucose utilization, and a 70% increased rate of oxygen consumption. similar detergent-induced decreases in cell yield were observed with 10 other sugars and sugar alcohols. only glycerol supported equivalent cell growth in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. a model is presented ... | 1984 | 6744127 |
| typing of enterobacter spp. by bacteriocin susceptibility and its use in epidemiological analysis. | most clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae are bacteriocinogenic and susceptible to bacteriocins. both rapidly diffusing, nonsedimentable, protease-susceptible and slowly diffusing, sedimentable, protease-resistant bacteriocins are produced. a practicable system was devised for epidemiological typing of e. cloacae isolates by their patterns of susceptibility to bacteriocins. a set of eight bacteriocin-producing strains was grown on tryptic soy agar plates for 16 h. after removal of the produ ... | 1984 | 6746888 |
| detection of pse-2 beta-lactamase in enterobacteria. | pse-2, a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase which was previously considered pseudomonas specific, was observed in clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, providencia stuartii, and enterobacter cloacae. all four isolates transferred pse-2 production, together with resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole, into escherichia coli j62-1 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pu21. transfer correlated with acquisition by the transconjugants of a 65-megadalton plasmi ... | 1984 | 6608920 |
| infant feeding formula contaminated by enterobacter cloacae. | 1984 | 6561177 | |
| enterobacter cloacae-contaminated cardioplegic solution. discovery and eradication of a pharmacy reservoir. | 1984 | 6566522 | |
| enterobacter sepsis in infants and children due to contaminated intravenous fluids. | sixty-three cases of nosocomial sepsis occurring from april through october 1981, in a 500-bed pediatric hospital, were traced to bacterial contamination of intravenous fluid produced by a single manufacturer. two species of uncommon blood stream pathogens, enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter agglomerans contaminated the fluid. infections with these organisms might have contributed to the death of four patients; two who were immunosuppressed, one who was asplenic and one premature infant. epid ... | 1984 | 6567611 |
| characterization of two clinical, multiple-drug-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | two multiple drug resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates (nos. 460 and 493) varied phenotypically in bacteriocin susceptibility in the absence of significant o antigen variation. both isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin b, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and enoxacin only. one isolate carried a non-conjugative resistance (r) plasmid, whereas the other isolate contained a conjugative, 'curable' r plasmid and a cryptic plasmid. both wild-type isolates constitutive ... | 1984 | 6207994 |
| carbohydrate-binding sites of the mannose-specific fimbrial lectins of enterobacteria. | the combining sites of type 1 fimbrial lectins of various species of enterobacteria were studied by measuring the inhibitory activity of linear and branched oligosaccharides and several glycosides of d-mannose on the agglutination of yeast cells by the organisms. the results showed that all five strains of escherichia coli tested possessed an elongated combining site best fitting a trisaccharide and including a hydrophobic region. similar results were obtained with klebsiella pneumoniae. within ... | 1984 | 6142000 |
| [use of cefotaxime in severe infections in newborn infants]. | twenty-seven septicemia, 2 urinary tract infections and 2 meningitis were treated with cefotaxime. the pathogenic organisms were most often entero-bacteria (16 e. coli, 2 klebsiella, 2 enterobacter cloacae, 1 proteus, 1 acinetobacter); sometimes they were streptococcus (5 streptococcus d, 3 streptococcus b, 1 streptococcus salivarius). cefotaxime was given alone to 16 patients, in association to an aminoglycoside in 15 cases. it was administered by infusion over 30 minutes every 8 hours in a dai ... | 1984 | 6096793 |
| cefmenoxime therapy in bacterial osteomyelitis. | cefmenoxime, a new parenteral beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in 15 patients (10 male and five female) with acute (1 patient) and chronic (14 patients) osteomyelitis. diagnosis was made by culture of the surgical biopsy specimen. osteomyelitis was treated with 8 to 12 g of cefmenoxime per day (mean 9.1 g) for 42 to 66 days (mean 47.3). staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefmeno ... | 1984 | 6097118 |
| selection of multiple antibiotic resistance by quinolones, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides with special reference to cross-resistance between unrelated drug classes. | the ability of three quinolones, two beta-lactams, and one aminoglycoside to select resistant mutants was examined in tests with 30 isolates of commonly encountered nosocomial pathogens. ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two new quinolone derivatives, were no more likely to select resistant mutants than amikacin, whereas nalidixic acid, an older quinolone derivative, was the most likely of the six drugs examined to select resistant mutants. mutational frequencies of 10(-7) to 10(-8) were observed i ... | 1984 | 6098219 |
| [clinical and pharmacokinetic study of ceftriaxone in pediatric bacterial infections]. | ceftriaxone (ro 13-9904, ctrx) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 33 children with various bacterial infections including 10 cases of bacterial meningitis. ctrx was effective in all but 1 case who had acute mucositis due to a resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. the serum half-life (t1/2 beta) was 4.5 +/- 1.6 hours after an intravenous bolus injection in children. cerebrospinal fluid levels of ctrx in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis were 7.69 +/- 4.75 mcg/ml. the only side ... | 1984 | 6098701 |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria from warty lenticellate bark of a mangrove tree, bruguiera gymnorrhiza (l.) lamk. | detached warty lenticellate bark of a mangrove tree species, bruguiera gymnorrhiza (l.) lamk. from iriomote island, okinawa, a subtropical region of japan, showed development of acetylene reduction activity when incubated in a mineral nutrient solution lacking nitrogen under an atmosphere consisting of 5% o(2), 90% n(2), and 5% c(2)h(2). the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation were isolated from the bark, and their capacity for acetylene reduction and the incorporation of n(2) into the ba ... | 1984 | 16346458 |
| in vitro studies of bmy-28142, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | bmy-28142 was compared with other broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. bmy-28142 was highly active against all gram-negative bacilli and especially against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii. its in vitro activity suggests that bmy-28142 should prove to be useful for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections. | 1985 | 3838637 |
| 70% alcohol disinfection of transducer heads: experimental trials. | we investigated the feasibility of transducer head disinfection with 70% alcohol wipes. in the initial trial, nine gas-sterilized transducers were inoculated with an estimated 5 x 10(6) organisms of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, mimicking a contaminated fluid couple. a sterile disposable transducer dome was attached to each transducer. the units were allowed to sit for 24 hours at room temperature; the domes were then removed. three transducer heads were cultured prior to disinfect ... | 1985 | 3848423 |
| influence of temocillin on colonisation resistance and consequences for therapy. | the influence of temocillin on the colonisation resistance of the digestive tract was studied in mice, with doses ranging from 0.062 to 1 mg/day administered orally and 0.25 to 4 mg/day administered subcutaneously. the effect on the colonisation resistance was measured by the concentration of resistant bacteria (either endogenous enterococci or an exogenous strain of enterobacter cloacae) as well as by the relative caecal weight and the appearance of beta-aspartylglycine in the caecal contents. ... | 1985 | 3849422 |
| temocillin. in vitro antibacterial activity. | temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin derivative, was tested in vitro against 516 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. the compound exhibited good antibacterial activity, with 95% of isolates inhibited by a range 2 to 16 mg/l. further studies, against selected isolates resistant to ticarcillin, piperacillin and cefuroxime (klebsiella oxytoca, 25; enterobacter species, 34; and citrobacter species, 5), showed about half of the isolates of k. oxytoca (11/25) to be resistant to aztreon ... | 1985 | 3849425 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bmy-28142, a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bmy-28142 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and imipenem against 639 clinical isolates and a number of in vitro-selected resistant mutants. bmy-28142 was the most potent compound against the members of the family enterobacteriaceae with a mic for 90% of the strains of 0.12 micrograms/ml. the activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of ceftazidime and imipenem. strains of staphylococci were moderately susceptible to bmy-2 ... | 1985 | 3859244 |
| influence of imipenem on the serum resistance of enterobacteriaceae. | following growth in a subinhibitory concentration of imipenem and additional incubation in a 20% dilution of normal human serum (nhs) for 90 minutes, five of 12 serum-resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae showed a decrease in colony-forming units of two or more logs of growth compared with the control. two strains (of escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes) showed this phenomenon even with incubation in 5% nhs. treatment with imipenem did not change the serum resistance of the other seven ... | 1985 | 3863217 |
| [therapeutic efficacies of suppository of ceftizoxime against experimental infections in mice]. | in experimental infections in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of rectal administration of ceftizoxime (czx) were compared with those of subcutaneous administration. the efficacies of rectal administration were equivalent to those of subcutaneous administration against intraperitoneal infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae and escherichia coli. against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii and serrat ... | 1985 | 3869265 |
| apalcillin [pc-904]: spectrum of activity and beta-lactamase hydrolysis/inhibition. | apalcillin is a pseudomonas-active penicillin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity similar to that of piperacillin, except for the greater potency of apalcillin against acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa. studies with 846 isolates representative of the common bacterial pathogens compared apalcillin to piperacillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. apalcillin and piperacillin were both active against all 13 species of the ent ... | 1985 | 3871382 |
| imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin): in vitro antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability. | in vitro studies with imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin or mk0787) were performed with 8481 clinical isolates in three separate medical centers. more extensive comparative studies were also performed with 605 representative isolates, comparing imipenem to six other beta-lactams. although the newer beta-lactams were often more active against susceptible species, imipenem demonstrated the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with mic 90s less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml for all sp ... | 1985 | 3872196 |
| ways to overcome cephalosporinase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactam antibiotics which affect mainly pbp 3 and are poor substrates for the cephalosporinase of enterobacter cloacae, but tightly bind to it, are not active against cephalosporinase-overproducing variants of this organism. attempts have been made to greatly reduce the affinity for the beta-lactamase in order to prevent both binding and hydrolysis. 3-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins and some cephalosporin (s)-sulfoxides were seen to fit this requirement. suitable substitution of the monoc ... | 1985 | 3872727 |
| evidence for nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in overproducing variants of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | induction of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases was studied in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. whereas isolates resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin exhibited an inducible enzyme, those sensitive to both agents did not. cefoxitin and above all imipenem proved the most efficacious enzyme inducers. variants among these inducible isolates which produced large amounts of beta-lactamase could be selected in the presence of cefamandole. in each of these selecte ... | 1985 | 3872794 |
| role of beta-lactam hydrolysis in the mechanism of resistance of a beta-lactamase-constitutive enterobacter cloacae strain to expanded-spectrum beta-lactams. | enterobacter cloacae strains producing chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase constitutively show high degrees of resistance to most of the third-generation beta-lactams. it has been proposed that this resistance is due to the nonhydrolytic binding or trapping of beta-lactams by the enzyme. we found that the outer membrane of e. cloacae strain 55m indeed had permeability to cefazolin about 14-fold lower than that of escherichia coli, and that the number of beta-lactamase molecules produced by thi ... | 1985 | 3873215 |
| carbapenems: special properties contributing to their activity. | imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits most clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae, and streptococci, excluding enterococci, at 1 microgram/ml or less. resistance can develop in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens, albeit infrequently. pseudomonas maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to imipenem. many strains of enterobacter cloacae, clostridium freundii, and s. marcescens resistant to the aminothiazolyl cepha ... | 1985 | 3873871 |
| role of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins in multiple beta-lactam resistance of enterobacter cloacae. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase and outer membrane proteins of enterobacter cloacae were examined to determine their relative contributions to multiple antibiotic resistance in this organism. mutants altered in beta-lactamase expression, whether derived in the laboratory or recovered from patients treated with one of the new beta-lactam antibiotics, were found to have no detectable alterations in outer membrane proteins. derepression of beta-lactamase in these mutants was associated with high-lev ... | 1985 | 3873897 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of dn-9550, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | dn-9550 [(6r, 7r)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1h-imidazol-4-yl) methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-pyridinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia -1-azabicyclo methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride] is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the activity of dn-9550 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae was roughly comparable to that of ceftazidime, slightly lower th ... | 1985 | 3873898 |
| resistance caused by decreased penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into enterobacter cloacae. | strains of enterobacter cloacae were selected on the basis of resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime, moxalactam, or imipenem. all strains produced the same e2 beta-lactamase, with an isoelectric point greater than 9.5 and with high hydrolytic activity in the presence of cephaloridine. resistance to beta-lactams could not be correlated with the amount of beta-lactamase present in the various strains. beta-lactamase activity was induced strongly by moxalactam and imipenem in the wild-type and moxal ... | 1985 | 3873900 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (ama-1080), a new n-sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (ama-1080), a synthetic sulfazecin derivative, were compared with those of aztreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin. carumonam was highly active in vitro against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against streptococcus pneumoniae, but it was not active against staphylococcus aureus. the mics of carumonam for 90% of 1,156 clinical enterobacteriacea ... | 1985 | 3874598 |
| the interaction of beta-lactam compounds with chromosomally mediated enzymes: relations to the molecular structure. | the interaction of 25 beta-lactam compounds with both chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was studied by enzyme kinetics. all the penams, cephems, and the penem sch 29482 revealed 'competitive inhibition' of both enzymes. the penem required a preincubation period of approximately 5 min before reaching a state of equilibrium between the active and the inactive enzyme. except for the recently developed compound hr 810, newer cephalosporins gene ... | 1985 | 3875455 |
| beta-lactamase stability of temocillin. | the stability of temocillin to 12 different beta-lactamase preparations was studied using high pressure liquid chromatography and was compared with that of aztreonam, cefotetan and cefotaxime. temocillin was the most stable beta-lactam examined, being as stable as cefotetan to most of the beta-lactamases tested. however, cefotetan was hydrolysed at measurable rates by the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99, in contrast to temocillin which was completely stable to this enzyme. aztreonam w ... | 1985 | 3875474 |
| cefpirome (hr 810): lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing variants. | with respect to the selection of beta-lactam-resistant variants marked discrepancies between the recently developed cephalosporin hr 810 and other recently developed cephalosporins could be observed: beta-lactam resistant subpopulations did not emerge during a 16-hour culture in the presence of the 20-fold minimal inhibitory concentration in a clinical enterobacter cloacae isolate (2240/81) in contrast to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. breakdown of the antibacterial agent ... | 1985 | 3875601 |
| population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime in staphylococcus and enterobacteriaceae. | population analyses of susceptibility to cefotaxime (ctx) and desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx) of strains of staphylococcus and some genera of enterobacteriaceae were carried out. dctx, which is the main metabolite of ctx, has antimicrobial activity. the penicillinase-producing strains of s. aureus and s. epidermidis were homogeneous as regards susceptibility to both agents. ctx was about 4-8 times more active than dctx. the methicillin-resistant strains contained a sub-population of resistant bacter ... | 1985 | 3875967 |
| properties of sepharose-bound beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99 was immobilized onto sepharose by the cyanogen bromide activation method and the properties of the sepharose-bound enzyme were compared with those of soluble and cell-bound enzyme. the immobilized beta-lactamase showed enhanced stability to storage at 4 degrees c (approximately 1 year) in respect to the free enzyme in solution (few days). the optimum ph for activity is similar for both sepharose- and cell-bound beta-lactamase and extends over a broade ... | 1985 | 3877044 |
| use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. v. inducible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of the enterobacter cloacae 53 strain. | 1985 | 3877734 | |
| interactions of formylamino- and methoxy-substituted beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamases. | cephem and nocardicin-type monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics with a formylamino substituent were highly resistant to hydrolysis by both penicillinases and cephalosporinases. among antibiotics with a methoxy substituent, an n-sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, sulfazecin was resistant to beta-lactamases, but cephem antibiotics were sensitive to the cephalosporinase of enterobacter cloacae. the resistance of the antibiotics to the beta-lactamases depended primarily on the presence of t ... | 1985 | 3878359 |
| hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase. | 1985 | 3879218 | |
| the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy 7 beta acyl ureido cephalosporin. | the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was determined against 726 clinical isolates. ninety percent of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, salmonella, and shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and piperacillin against these species. concentrat ... | 1985 | 3879464 |
| aztreonam in the treatment of serious orthopedic infections. | aztreozam was evaluated in the treatment of a variety of orthopedic infections. included were 17 patients with osteomyelitis, three with purulent arthropathy with prostheses, and 16 with superficial infections secondary to trauma or surgical procedure. pathogens were gram-negative bacilli sensitive to aztreonam. concomitant antibiotics were administered for gram-positive cocci that were present initially or by superinfection. infecting organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitor ... | 1985 | 3881949 |
| application of in-vitro models: development of resistance. | the development of chromosomal beta-lactam resistance of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was observed by following the bacterial kill-kinetics in an in-vitro model simulating human serum antibiotic concentrations. from sensitive escherichia coli cells mutants arose resistant to aminopenicillins, and to first and second generation cephalosporins, whereas with the ent. cloacae and citro. freundii mutants were also resistant to cefotaxime. resistant mutants from all ... | 1985 | 3884569 |
| pathogenesis of escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. | all 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 escherichia coli, two enterobacter cloacae, two citrobacter freundii, three proteus mirabilis and one proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. this observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). however, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxi ... | 1985 | 3886554 |
| inhibitory activity of cefpiramide on beta-lactamase. | the beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of cefpiramide were investigated. cefpiramide was found to be stable to hydrolysis and inhibited beta-lactamase produced by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, and escherichia coli. kinetic studies showed that cefpiramide is a competitive inhibitor of cephaloridine hydrolysis by e. cloacae beta-lactamase. | 1985 | 3888544 |
| in vitro studies on the antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefsulodin. the compound was highly active against the common members of the enterobacteriaceae and 2 to 256 times more active than cefoperazone. ym-13115 was as active as ceftazidime against citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and morganella morganii and two to four times more active than ceftazidime against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, en ... | 1985 | 3890729 |
| aztreonam in the therapy of nosocomial infections in patients with impaired host defenses. | a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with aztreonam in hospital-acquired infections. twenty patients (13 men and 7 women) with impaired host defenses and nosocomial infections were treated with aztreonam at a dosage ranging 4 and 6 g/day i.v. at 8 or 12-hour intervals. average length of therapy was 10.35 +/- 4.61 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli (5), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), klebsiella pneumoniae (3), enterobacter cloacae (1 ... | 1985 | 3891117 |
| enterobacter cloacae ulceration in a failed corneal graft: a case report. | a 70-year-old female developed a bacterial ulcer in a previously rejected corneal graft. cultures identified the pathogen as enterobacter cloacae. intensive topical antibiotic therapy arrested the progress of the ulcer, and the epithelial defect healed in one week; there was no resultant stromal thinning. factors which may have predisposed the cornea to ulceration by this organism of relatively low virulence include chronic oedema following graft rejection, topical corticosteroid therapy, and te ... | 1985 | 3893527 |
| temocillin treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli in an intensive care unit. | in a group of 27 severely ill patients in an intensive care unit, 40 infections caused by gram-negative bacilli were treated with temocillin 2g twice daily by the direct intravenous route. the patients (17 men and 10 women) were aged from 35 to 93 years (mean 65.7 years) and 22 had severe underlying diseases. in addition, 10 of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery; 6 had acute renal insufficiency, 5 had acute respiratory insufficiency, and 12 were suffering fro ... | 1985 | 3896741 |
| sch 34343 activity against streptococci and beta-lactam-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, latamoxef (moxalactam), aztreonam and ampicillin. against pneumococci, sch 34343 was as active as ampicillin, whereas against the other streptococci it was less active than ampicillin but significantly better than the other antibiotics against enterococci. with clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to cefotaxime, sch 34343 had mics generally less than 2 mg/l. after introduction of plasmid-mediated b ... | 1985 | 3897168 |
| sch 34343: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. | the in-vitro activity of the penem sch 34343 was assessed in comparison with third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem. sch 34343 was active, with mics generally 2 mg/1 or less, against a broad spectrum of organisms amongst which were staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci (though enterococci were less susceptible with sch 34343 mics mostly 4-8 mg/1), anaerobes (including the bacteroides fragilis group), haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 1985 | 3897169 |
| effect of beta-lactamase induction on susceptibility to cephalosporins in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. | for enterobacter cloacae gn5797 and serratia marcescens 72-2, which produce inducible beta-lactamases and respond antagonistically to many combinations of cephalosporins, the changes in beta-lactamase activity and sensitivity to cephalosporins were examined during semi-continuous cultivation in which the concentration of inducers was decreased by two-fold dilution of the culture every 30 min starting from 1 h after the addition of inducers. the levels of beta-lactamase, which peaked at 0.5-2 h a ... | 1985 | 3900023 |
| [carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism]. | of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (amp-r) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between july and december 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (carb-r). this particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive proteus (23%), enterobacter cloacae (64%), citrobacter freundii (67%), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), proteus mirabilis (75%), serratia marcescens (90%), escherichia coli (91%), providencia stuartii (96%) and klebsiella pneumonia ... | 1985 | 3903620 |
| gentamicin vs cefotaxime for therapy of neonatal sepsis. relationship to drug resistance. | an outbreak of serious infections due to gentamicin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in which the combination of gentamicin sulfate and ampicillin sodium had been used for standard initial therapy for suspected sepsis for nearly 11 years. after institution of control measures that included the substitution of cefotaxime sodium for gentamicin in the standard regimen, the outbreak promptly subsided. nevertheless, a second outbreak of serious infections due ... | 1985 | 3904403 |
| transferable resistance to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins in a strain of enterobacter cloacae. | 1985 | 3905753 | |
| cefamandole resistance transfer in bacterial strains from two newborn units. | transfer of cefamandole resistance was demonstrated from strains of citrobacter freundii as well as from individual strains of enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter anitratus and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two newborn units. in citrobacter freundii, cefamandole resistance was transferred always with cephalotin resistance as well as with a tem-like beta lactamase (conferring resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and azlocillin). citrobacter freundii strains from hospital i we ... | 1985 | 3910723 |
| pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. | our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. from january 1981 to january 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. skin infection (staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture ... | 1985 | 3920239 |
| comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin individually and in combination. | the in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin were compared with those of other third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins against over 1,000 clinical bacterial isolates. the activity of cefpiramide against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to those of piperacillin and cefoperazone, inhibiting 90% of strains at concentrations less than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml. this drug was also active against a broad range of gram-negative organisms but was generally le ... | 1985 | 3925875 |
| growth of bacteria in enteral feeding solutions. | solutions of clinifeed iso, triosorbon, vivonex standard (full- and half-strength) and vivonex hn were experimentally contaminated with two strains each of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella aerogenes, escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae at concentrations of 10(2)-10(3) organisms/ml. samples were incubated at 4, 25 or 37 degrees c and viable counts were made at 0, 4, 8 and 24 h. no increase in numbers of any of the organisms was observed in any of the feeds during 24 ... | 1985 | 3927003 |
| affinity of carumonam for penicillin-binding proteins. | direct labeling experiments with [14c]-carumonam as well as competition binding assays with [14c]-benzylpenicillin and [14c]-ceftriaxone have demonstrated that penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 3 of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa has the highest affinity for carumonam (ro 17-2301, ama-1080). pbp 1a is inhibited only at significantly higher concentration whereas other pbps display poor affinity. the ic50 values for binding to pbp 3 in e. coli and e. cloacae are i ... | 1985 | 3928279 |
| beta-lactamase susceptibility and comparative activity of sch 34343 and other beta-lactams for non-fermenters, neisseria spp. and beta-lactamase-positive enterobacteriaceae. | by means of a micro-dilution technique (10(5) cfu/cup) 30 strains of pseudomonas spp. were found resistant to sch 34343. the susceptibility of acinetobacter spp. (20 strains) was greatest for imipenem, followed by sch 34343 (mic approximately 0.7 mg/l), ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. ten moraxella strains were very susceptible to sch 34343, imipenem and ceftazidime. for 35 strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae (ten beta-lactamase-positive) and ten strains of n. meningitidis we noted no resistance to sc ... | 1985 | 3928576 |
| in vitro activities of the quinolone antimicrobial agents a-56619 and a-56620. | the in vitro activities of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, a-56619 and a-56620, were compared with those of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents. the activity of a-56620 was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and aeromonas hydrophila (mics for 90% of the strains were less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml); acinetobacter anitratus and staphylococcus aureus (mic for 90% of the strains was 0.5 micrograms/ml); and most ... | 1985 | 3935046 |
| [clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. | timentin (ticarcillin (tcr) + clavulanic acid (ac)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). the following bacteria were recovered: 10 escherichia coli, 1 pseudomona ... | 1985 | 3937132 |
| epidemiological study of enterobacter cloacae resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins: a preliminary report. | in 1983 an increase in the resistance rate of cefotaxime against enterobacter cloacae strains was observed in "laikos general" hospital, that reached 59.3% in the 2nd half of the same year. all strains resistant to cefotaxime were found resistant to cefamandole, moxalactam and ceftriaxone while 61.8% were also resistant to amikacin. urine represented the main source of isolation, particularly from the catheterized patient of the renal transplantation unit in whom cefuroxime was mostly over used. ... | 1985 | 3986944 |
| the emergence of resistance and the therapy of septicaemia. | there were 658 positive blood cultures in st. thomas' hospital during 1982-1984, from which 301 enterobacteriaceae were isolated. most were of species that do not usually produce inducible class i beta-lactamases but 39 of the isolates were of species that do. many of these strains were resistant to the older cephalosporins but resistance to cefuroxime was uncommon and resistance to ceftazidime or cefotaxime was confined to five isolates of enterobacter cloacae (four of which were from patients ... | 1985 | 3986947 |
| assessment of head-space gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid detection of growth in blood cultures. | blood for transfusion was inoculated with between 10(0) and 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) per ml of each of 59 microbial isolates and added to cooked meat broth. at intervals up to 72 h incubation, the cultures were examined by conventional visual inspection and automated head-space gas-liquid chromatography (hs-glc). forty-six isolates including all those examined of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, s. pneumoniae, s. faecalis, s. milleri, s. mitior, s. mitis, s. salivarius, s. ... | 1985 | 3988854 |
| susceptibility of equine bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. | in vitro antimicrobic susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of equine origin were determined, using the agar-plate dilution method. all organisms were recent clinical isolates and included corynebacterium (rhodococcus) equi, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, (coagulase positive) staphylococcus sp, streptococcus equi, streptococcus zooepidemicus, actinobacillus sp, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, p ... | 1985 | 3994111 |
| enterobacter bacteremia. an analysis of 50 episodes. | during a six-year period, 147 patients had enterobacter bacteremia (3.8% of the episodes of bacteremia), with an incidence of 1.25 per 1,000 admitted patients. we chose a random group of 50 cases for analysis. the disease was community acquired in 24% of the cases and nosocomially acquired in the remaining 76%. the bacteremia was unimicrobial in 70% and part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 30%. the species most commonly causing bacteremia was enterobacter cloacae. portals of entry, in decreasin ... | 1985 | 4004426 |
| determination of mercury and organomercurial resistance in obligate anaerobic bacteria. | a methodology for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of inorganic and organomercurial compounds for obligate anaerobic bacteria is described. a wide variation in the susceptibility of anaerobic clinical and sewage isolates was observed. isolates of bacteroides ruminicola and clostridium perfringens resistant to mercury were examined for their plasmid content and ability to demonstrate inducible resistance. none of the resistant anaerobes contained any plasmids, while resistant facu ... | 1985 | 4005712 |
| semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins containing the substituted 6-vinyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo- and 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid side chains. synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | a series of penicillins and cephalosporins containing the substituted 6-vinyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo- and 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid side chains has been prepared and compared to piperacillin and cefoperazone. the compounds show good activity when tested in vitro against an array of gram-negative bacteria. in vitro activity was also demonstrated against several species of gram-positive bacteria. two compounds, 14 and 21, show good in vivo activity when tested against klebsiella pneum ... | 1985 | 4008330 |
| in vitro comparative antimicrobial activity of cefpimizole against clinical isolates from five medical centers. | cefpimizole was compared with cefoperazone and cefotaxime against 6,599 clinical bacterial isolates from five medical centers. cefoperazone and cefotaxime were both more active and provided a greater spectrum of antimicrobial coverage than cefpimizole. some of the cefpimizole minimum concentrations inhibiting 50% of tested strains were as follows: citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae, 16 micrograms/ml; escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.0 micrograms/ml; proteus mirabilis, 1.0 ... | 1985 | 4026275 |
| plasmid-determined cloacin df13-susceptibility in enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella edwardsii; identification of the cloacin df13/aerobactin outer membrane receptor proteins. | both enterobacter cloacae h478 and klebsiella edwardsii s15 were shown to harbour a relatively large conjugative plasmid that coded for cloacin df13-susceptibility and the production and uptake of a hydroxamate iron chelator, most probably aerobactin. protein-blotting experiments with antiserum raised against the purified cloacin df13/aerobactin receptor protein from escherichia coli (co1v-k30) revealed that the corresponding outer membrane receptor proteins of ent. cloacae h478 and k. edwardsii ... | 1985 | 4037784 |
| the pharmacokinetic and bactericidal characteristics of oral cefixime. | the pharmacokinetics of cefixime (fk 027), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, were assessed in 12 normal subjects after single oral doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg. mean peak serum concentrations were 1.02, 1.46, 2.63, and 3.85 micrograms/ml after the four respective doses. respective mean serum levels at 12 hours were 0.16, 0.33, 0.72, and 1.13 micrograms/ml. volumes of distribution averaged 0.1 l/kg body weight, and the elimination t1/2 was 3 hours for all doses. the auc was 7.01, 11.4, 22.5, a ... | 1985 | 4053491 |
| cefadroxil in the horse: pharmacokinetics and in vitro antibacterial activity. | sodium cefadroxil was administered as a single intravenous dose (25 mg/kg) to six healthy adult mares. plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period and cefadroxil concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was appropriately described in terms of a one-compartment open model. values for the major pharmacokinetic terms were: extrapolated initial plasma concentration = 59.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/ml; half-life = 46 +/- 20 min; apparent volume of ... | 1985 | 4057345 |
| lower respiratory tract infection. | the most important lower respiratory infection is pneumonia, the fourth leading cause of death. most cases of bronchitis are of viral etiology and are not major problems. empyema can present an important problem in management. although the diagnosis of pneumonia is usually relatively straightforward, the specific etiologic diagnosis remains a major problem. availability of empyema fluid or a positive blood culture result can be helpful in making the etiologic diagnosis, but these are unavailable ... | 1985 | 4073097 |