Publications

molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of biof (7-keto-8-amino pelargonic acid synthetase), bioc and biod (dethiobiotin synthetase) genes of erwinia herbicola.	the biotin operon of erwinia herbicola eho 10 was cloned and characterized by complementation of e. coli biotin mutants. the operon was found to contain five genes arranged in the order, bioabfcd. the nucleotide sequences of biof (7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase), bioc and biod (dethiobiotin synthetase) were determined and analyzed. the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of biofcd were compared with the corresponding sequences from escherichia coli, bacillus sphaericu ...	1997	9063571
minimum growth temperatures of hafnia alvei and other enterobacteriaceae isolated from refrigerated meat determined with a temperature gradient incubator.	minimum growth temperatures of hafnia alvei (n = 156) and other enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 162) from refrigerated meat samples (n = 88) and control strains of h. alvei (n = 81) from clinical and environmental samples were determined with a plate-type continuous temperature gradient incubator on nutrient agar. the dominant species, hafnia alvei and serratia liquefaciens had mean minimum growth temperatures of 2.6 (range, 0.2-3.7 degrees c) and 1.7 (range, 0.2-2.6 degrees c), respectively. v ...	1997	9105940
efficient recovery of plasmid dna from erwinia herbicola with high nuclease activity.		1997	9343670
structural characterization of lipid a obtained from pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide.	lipopolysaccharide isolated from pantoea agglomerans showed higher priming and triggering activities for macrophages in terms of tumor necrosis factor production than other lipopolysaccharides. to identify the difference in biological activities of lipopolysaccharide of pantoea agglomerans from other lipopolysaccharides on the basis of structure, we determined the structure of the lipid a part, which is the biological center of lipopolysaccharides, by quantitative analysis, nuclear magnetic reso ...	1997	9141664
rpos dependent overexpression of carotenoids from erwinia herbicola in oxyr deficient escherichia coli.	carotenoid synthesis in escherichia coli, when transformed with plasmid containing a carotenoid gene cluster from erwinia herbicola (ppl376), is regulated by rpos. when the plasmid was transformed into e. coli mutants that were oxyr minus, the intracellular carotenoid concentration dramatically increased from that observed in an oxyr plus allele. the higher carotenoid concentration in these mutants correlated with an increase in rpos transcription as indicated by beta-galactosidase activity from ...	1997	9345315
[analysis of the etiologic structure of urinary tract infection and antibiotic-resistance of its pathogens].	the main pathogens of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and upper urinary tracts in inpatients of an urological unit were gramnegative organisms of the family enterobacteriaceae while the pathogens of the infection of the lower urinary tracts (nonspecific urethritis) and male genitalia were grampositive cocci. pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter agglomerans and proteus spp. (indole positive) were the chief causative agents of the hospital infections. the analysis of the materials revealed a ...	1997	9412416
the presence of hrp genes on the pathogenicity-associated plasmid of the tumorigenic bacterium erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae.	the pathogenicity-associated plasmid (ppath) of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (ehg), which is present only in pathogenic strains, contains a gene cluster encoding indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis. the transposon-reporter tn3-spice was used to generate nonpathogenic mutants on two overlapping cosmids, pla150 and pla352, of the ppath. a cluster of such mutations, which spanned 16 kb, mapped approximately 15 kb from the gene cluster involved in phytohormone biosynthesis. non-path ...	1997	9204571
antitumor mechanism of intradermal administration of lipopolysaccharide.	we earlier demonstrated that 50% of the lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from pantoea agglomerans given by the intradermal (i.d.) route is about 300 times greater than that given by the intravenous (i.v.) route, and that 400 micrograms/kg of lps administered i.d. significantly suppressed metastasis whereas administered i.v., it did not. to learn the specific mechanism involved in this i.d. administration, the fate of lps at the skin following administration and the concurrent production o ...	1997	9216652
anti-tumor effect of lipopolysaccharide by intradermal administration as a novel drug delivery system.	we examined the antitumor effect of lipopolysaccharide extracted from pantoea agglomerans, a gram-negative bacterium, using intradermal administration on murine syngeneic tumors, meth a fibrosarcoma, mh134 hepatoma and lewis lung (ll) carcinoma. the latter two tumors are known to be relatively low in immunogenicity, highly metastatic and to have low sensitivity to biological response modifiers. although the intradermal administration of lpsp had a significantly suppressive effect on the growth o ...	1997	9216680
sensitivity to ph, product inhibition, and inhibition by nad+ of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase purified from enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210.	because of its key role in the metabolism of glycerol during fermentation, 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 was purified to homogeneity and studied with respect to its sensitivity to ph and to nucleotide and 1,3-propanediol concentrations. enzyme activity was optimal at ph 7.8. the enzyme was competitively inhibited by nad+ (ki of 0.29 mm), and 1,3-propanediol exerted a strong inhibitory effect according to a mixed-type inhibition with a ki of 13 ...	1997	9238108
anaerobic pathways of glycerol dissimilation by enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210: limitations and regulations.	continuous cultures of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 were performed under regulated ph conditions (ph 7.0) with glycerol or glucose (20 g l-1) as carbon source. cultures grown on glucose produced mainly acetate, ethanol and formate. in contrast, 1,3-propanediol (ppd) was the main product with glycerol. the carbon flow distribution at branching metabolic points was investigated. higher ppd yields with increased dilution rate were correlated with an important increase in the relative ratio of ...	1997	9245823
relative expression and stability of a chromosomally integrated and plasmid-borne marker gene fusion in environmentally competent bacteria.	a xyle-icec transcriptional fusion was created by ligatinga dna fragment harboring the cloned xyle structural gene from the tol plasmid of pseudomonas putida mt-2 into the cloned icec gene of pseudomonas syringae cit7. this fusion construct was integrated into the chromosome of pseudomonas syringae cit7 by homologous recombination. both cis-merodiploid strain cit7m17 and marker exchange strain cit7h69 produced the xyle gene product, catechol2,3-dioxygenase. strain cit7m17, in which xyle was infl ...	1997	9003582
isolation and characterization of a cole1-like plasmid from enterobacter agglomerans with a novel variant of rom gene.	complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid isolated from enterobacter agglomerans has been determined. the plasmid, called ppigdm1, consists of 2495 base pairs. the analysis of its nucleotide sequence suggested that ppigdm1 may be a cole1-like replicon. we confirmed this hypothesis by constructing a ppigdm1-derived plasmid harboring the cat gene (pbw4), which could be introduced into escherichia coli cells, and demonstrating that pbw4 cannot replicate in the absence of the pola function and that ...	1997	9435023
relationship between the physiology of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 grown anaerobically on glycerol and the culture conditions.	in a preliminary study, levels of activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic glycerol catabolism by enterobacter agglomerans grown in batch cultures regulated in a ph range of 6.5-8.0 were monitored. that study showed that activities of key enzymes of the downstream metabolism of glycerol--glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gap-dh), lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate lyase--were strongly dependent on the culture ph. to investigate the influence of ph on the physiology of the strain, ...	1997	9765825
cloning, sequencing and expressing the carotenoid biosynthesis genes, lycopene cyclase and phytoene desaturase, from the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium erythrobacter longus sp. strain och101 in escherichia coli.	two genes which encode the enzymes lycopene cyclase and phytoene desaturase in the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium erythrobacter longus sp. strain och101 have been cloned and sequenced. the gene for lycopene cyclase, designated crty, was expressed in a strain of escherichia coli which contained the crte, b, i and z genes encoding geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and beta-carotene hydroxylase, respectively. as a result, zeaxanthin production was obse ...	1997	9168123
dinitrogen fixation of microbe-plant associations as affected by nitrate and ammonium supply.	abstract the dinitrogen fixation activity of azospirillum sp., and pantoea agglomerans strains was determined by (15)n(2) incorporation after incubation with (15)n(2) labeled air or/and by acetylene reduction. these bacterial strains were able to fix n(2) both in pure culture and in association with wheat plants in hydroponics. nitrogenase activity of azospirillum sp., in pure culture was more rapidly inhibited by the addition of nh(4) (+) than no(3) (-). the n(2) fixation of p. agglomerans de ...	1997	22087483
the role of exopolysaccharides in dual species biofilm development.	a plasmid encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) of aequorea victoria was transformed into a biofilm-forming strain of enterobacter agglomerans originally isolated from an industrial environment. the transformed strain, entgfp, could then be identified in dual species biofilms by direct visualization, plate counts and quantitiative fluorescence measurements. a variety of cell constituents and products may be involved in the adhesion and accumulation process and exopolysaccharides (eps) rep ...	1998	21182688
insertion sequences.	insertion sequences (iss) constitute an important component of most bacterial genomes. over 500 individual iss have been described in the literature to date, and many more are being discovered in the ongoing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome-sequencing projects. the last 10 years have also seen some striking advances in our understanding of the transposition process itself. not least of these has been the development of various in vitro transposition systems for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic e ...	1998	9729608
in vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 north american centers.	clinafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin against 4,213 aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from 10 medical centers, as tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. the percentage of 201 anaerobes susceptible to clinafloxacin by broth microdilution was comparable to cefoxitin. our data support the proposed disk diffusion interpretive criteria for aerobic bacteria with 5-microg clinafloxacin disks.	1998	9593166
comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria.	the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ...	1998	9705437
aerobic growth on nitroglycerin as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source by a mixed bacterial culture.	nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]), an explosive and vasodilatory compound, was metabolized by mixed microbial cultures from aeration tank sludge previously exposed to gtn. aerobic enrichment cultures removed gtn rapidly in the absence of a supplemental carbon source. complete denitration of gtn, provided as the sole c and n source, was observed in aerobic batch cultures and proceeded stepwise via the dinitrate and mononitrate isomers, with successive steps occurring at lower rates. the d ...	1998	9726874
simplified technique for detection of significant bacteriuria by microscopic examination of urine.	a comparative study of microscopic examination of 10 microl (simplified loop technique) and 50 microl (traditional drop technique) of uncentrifuged gram-stained urine specimens for detection of significant bacteriuria was carried out. the results demonstrated that the 10-microl loop technique can be used as an alternative to the 50-microl drop technique for presumptive diagnosis of urinary-tract infection in bacteriological practice, with the advantages of greater rapidity and ease of performanc ...	1998	9508322
controlled clinical laboratory comparison of two supplemented aerobic and anaerobic media used in automated blood culture systems to detect bloodstream infections.	a 20-ml blood sample was collected from adult patients with suspected bloodstream infections and distributed equally into the four volume-controlled bottles of a blood culture set consisting of aerobic and anaerobic bactec plus/f bottles and aerobic and anaerobic bact/alert fan bottles. all bottles were incubated in their respective instruments for a standard 5-day protocol or until the instruments signalled positivity. samples in all bottles with negative results by these instruments were termi ...	1998	9508291
analysis of biolog gn substrate utilization patterns by microbial communities.	biolog gn plates are increasingly used to characterize microbial communities by determining the ability of the communities to oxidize various carbon sources. studies were done to determine whether the biolog gn plate assay accurately reflects the catabolic potential of the inoculum used. to gain insight into which populations of microbial communities contribute to the biolog patterns, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge) were used to assess ...	1998	16349535
bacteriophage and associated polysaccharide depolymerases--novel tools for study of bacterial biofilms.	bacteriophage for three representative strains of gram-negative biofilm bacteria have proved to be of widespread occurrence. lytic bacteriophage have been isolated from local sewage for the bacterium 1.15, an exopolysaccharide (eps)-producing pseudomonad found originally as a component of biofilms in a local river, and for two enterobacter agglomerans strains from industrial biofilms. representative examples of all three bacteriophage possess a relatively low burst size and on solid media, exhib ...	1998	9750288
colonization of wheat roots by an exopolysaccharide-producing pantoea agglomerans strain and its effect on rhizosphere soil aggregation	the effect of bacterial secretion of an exopolysaccharide (eps) on rhizosphere soil physical properties was investigated by inoculating strain nas206, which was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (triticum durum l.) growing in a moroccan vertisol and was identified as pantoea aglomerans. phenotypic identification of this strain with the biotype-100 system was confirmed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis. after inoculation of wheat seedlings with strain nas206, colonization incre ...	1998	9758793
rapid pathogen detection using a microchip pcr array instrument.	an array of pcr microchips for rapid, parallel testing of samples for pathogenic microbes is described. the instrument, called the advanced nucleic acid analyzer (anaa), utilizes 10 silicon reaction chambers with thin-film resistive heaters and solid-state optics. features of the system include efficient heating and real-time monitoring, low power requirements for battery operation, and no moving parts for reliability and ruggedness. we analyzed cultures of erwinia herbicola vegetative cells, ba ...	1998	9761255
a new class of caulobacter crescentus flagellar genes.	eight caulobacter crescentus flagellar genes, flma, flmb, flmc, flmd, flme, flmf, flmg, and flmh, have been cloned and characterized. these eight genes are clustered in pairs (flmab, flmcd, flmef, and flmgh) that appear to be structurally organized as operons. homology comparisons suggest that the proteins encoded by the flm genes may be involved in posttranslational modification of flagellins or proteins that interact with flagellin monomers prior to their assembly into a flagellar filament. ex ...	1998	9748431
structural organization of virulence-associated plasmids of yersinia pestis.	the complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the three virulence plasmids from yersinia pestis kim5 were determined. plasmid ppcp1 (9,610 bp) has a gc content of 45.3% and encodes two previously known virulence factors, an associated protein, and a single copy of is100. plasmid pcd1 (70,504 bp) has a gc content of 44.8%. it is known to encode a number of essential virulence determinants, regulatory functions, and a multiprotein secretory system comprising the low-calcium response st ...	1998	9748454
identification of a new site for ferrichrome transport by comparison of the fhua proteins of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella typhimurium, and pantoea agglomerans.	the fhua genes of salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella typhimurium, and pantoea agglomerans were sequenced and compared with the known fhua sequence of escherichia coli. the highly similar fhua proteins displayed the largest difference in the predicted gating loop, which in e. coli controls the permeability of the fhua channel and serves as the principal binding site for the phages t1, t5, and phi80. all the fhua proteins contained the region in the gating loops required in e. coli for ferrichrome ...	1998	9683481
molecular characterization of oxa-20, a novel class d beta-lactamase, and its integron from pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the pseudomonas aeruginosa mus clinical isolate produces oxa-18, a pi 5.5 class d extended-spectrum beta-lactamase totally inhibited by clavulanic acid (l. n. philippon, t. naas, a.-t. bouthors, v. barakett, and p. nordmann, antimicrob. agents chemother. 41:2188-2195, 1997). a second beta-lactamase was cloned, and the recombinant escherichia coli clone ppl10 expressed a pi 7.4 beta-lactamase which conferred high levels of amoxicillin and ticarcillin resistance and which was partially inhibited b ...	1998	9687410
evidence for growth of strains of the plant epiphytic bacterium erwinia herbicola and transconjugation among the bacterial strains in guts of the silkworm bombyx mori.	growth of plant epiphytic bacteria erwinia herbicola and pseudomonas syringae in guts of the silkworm, bombyx mori, was studied. fifth instar silkworm larvae were fed artificial diets supplemented with these bacteria for 6 to 12 h followed by uncontaminated diets. at 1, 3, and 6 days after feeding, bacteria were isolated from insect guts and feces. a much larger population of e. herbicola was detected in the samples collected 3 and 6 days after the inoculation than in samples collected after 1 d ...	1998	9709009
chitinolytic activity in chromobacterium violaceum: substrate analysis and regulation by quorum sensing.	quorum sensing control mediated by n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules has been established as a key feature of the regulation of exoenzyme production in many gram-negative bacteria. in chromobacterium violaceum atcc 31532 a number of phenotypic characteristics, including production of the purple pigment violacein, hydrogen cyanide, antibiotics, and exoproteases are known to be regulated by the endogenous ahl n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (hhl). in this study we show that c. vi ...	1998	9721280
dna sequencing and analysis of the low-ca2+-response plasmid pcd1 of yersinia pestis kim5.	the low-ca2+-response (lcr) plasmid pcd1 of the plague agent yersinia pestis kim5 was sequenced and analyzed for its genetic structure. pcd1 (70,509 bp) has an incfiia-like replicon and a sopabc-like partition region. we have assigned 60 apparently intact open reading frames (orfs) that are not contained within transposable elements. of these, 47 are proven or possible members of the lcr, a major virulence property of human-pathogenic yersinia spp., that had been identified previously in one or ...	1998	9746557
secondary metabolite- and endochitinase-dependent antagonism toward plant-pathogenic microfungi of pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from sugar beet rhizosphere	forty-seven isolates representing all biovars of pseudomonas fluorescens (biovars i to vi) were collected from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet plants to select candidate strains for biological control of preemergence damping-off disease. the isolates were tested for in vitro antagonism toward the plant-pathogenic microfungi pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia solani in three different plate test media. mechanisms of fungal inhibition were elucidated by tracing secondary-metabolite producti ...	1998	9758768
effect of inhalation of organic dust-derived microbial agents on the pulmonary phagocytic oxidative metabolism of guinea pigs.	the effect of inhalation exposure of various biological agents associated with organic dusts on the function of guinea pigs pulmonary phagocytes was investigated. agents included antigens of erwinia herbicola, thermoactinomyces vulgaris, and aspergillus fumigatus; endotoxin of erwinia herbicola; bacterial protease; and a fungal glucan preparation. pulmonary parameters monitored in this study were cellular differential counts from bronchoalveolar lavage, and superoxide anion and/or hydrogen perox ...	1998	9447225
development of pcr primer systems for amplification of nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) to detect denitrifying bacteria in environmental samples.	a system was developed for the detection of denitrifying bacteria by the amplification of specific nitrite reductase gene fragments with pcr. primer sequences were found for the amplification of fragments from both nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) after comparative sequence analysis. whenever amplification was tried with these primers, the known nir type of denitrifying laboratory cultures could be confirmed. likewise, the method allowed a determination of the nir type of five laboratory ...	1998	9758798
phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of ruminal tannin-tolerant bacteria.	the 16s rrna sequences and selected phenotypic characteristics were determined for six recently isolated bacteria that can tolerate high levels of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. bacteria were isolated from the ruminal contents of animals in different geographic locations, including sardinian sheep (ovis aries), honduran and colombian goats (capra hircus), white-tail deer (odocoileus virginianus) from upstate new york, and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from oregon. nearly compl ...	1998	9758806
pcr-based detection of the causal agent of watermark disease in willows (salix spp.)	the watermark disease, caused by brenneria salicis (formerly erwinia salicis), is of significant concern wherever tree-forming willows are grown or occur naturally. the movement of infected, asymptomatic cuttings is a major cause of pathogen dispersal. a reliable and sensitive diagnostic procedure is necessary for the safe movement of willow planting material. we derived primers from the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene of b. salicis for the development of a pcr to detect this pathogen. ...	1998	9758827
immunoreactivity of five monoclonal antibodies against the 37-kilodalton common cell wall protein (psaa) of streptococcus pneumoniae.	five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against the streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin a (psaa) 37-kda common cell wall protein. these antibodies were used in a dot immunoblot and western blot study of clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae to detect the presence of the protein. by both assays, the mabs reacted with clinical isolates representing the 23 type-specific serotypes present in the licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. western blot analysis confirmed the ...	1998	9521144
gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria.	naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ...	1998	9765585
the clinical spectrum of respiratory syncytial virus disease in the gambia.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a well-recognized cause of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood in industrialized countries, but less is known about rsv infection in developing countries.	1998	9535250
differential patterns of acquired virulence genes distinguish salmonella strains.	analysis of several salmonella typhimurium in vivo-induced genes located in regions of atypical base composition has uncovered acquired genetic elements that cumulatively engender pathogenicity. many of these regions are associated with mobile elements, encode predicted adhesin and invasin-like functions, and are required for full virulence. some of these regions distinguish broad host range from host-adapted salmonella serovars and may contribute to inherent differences in host specificity, tis ...	1998	9539791
the yiae gene, located at 80.1 minutes on the escherichia coli chromosome, encodes a 2-ketoaldonate reductase.	an open reading frame located in the bisc-cspa intergenic region, or at 80.1 min on the escherichia coli chromosome, encodes a hypothetical 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, which was identified as a result of the e. coli genome sequencing project. we report here that the product of the gene (yiae) is a 2-ketoaldonate reductase (2kr). the gene was cloned and expressed with a c-terminal his tag in e. coli, and the protein was purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. the determination of the ...	1998	9811658
comparison of phenotypic and genotypic techniques for identification of unusual aerobic pathogenic gram-negative bacilli.	rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology, but one that is difficult or impossible for many slow-growing and fastidious organisms. we used identification systems based on cellular fatty acid profiles (sherlock; midi, inc., newark, del.), carbon source utilization (microlog; biolog, inc., hayward, calif.), and 16s rrna gene sequence (microseq; perkin-elmer applied biosystems division, foster city, calif.) to evaluate 72 unusual aerobic ...	1998	9817894
molecular recognition of siderophores: a study with cloned ferrioxamine receptors (foxa) from erwinia herbicola and yersinia enterocolitica.	the outer membrane receptor for ferrioxamines (foxaerw) of erwinia herbicola (pantoea agglomerans) was cloned from a cosmid gene bank and partially sequenced. a comparison of the partial amino acid sequence of foxaerw with the amino acid sequence of foxayer from yersinia enterocolitica revealed a high sequence homology. a functional analysis of foxaerw and foxayer receptors cloned into a fhu-negative background (hk97) revealed that ferrioxamines are recognized at very low concentrations (< 10 pm ...	1998	9542066
biodegradation of metal-edta complexes by an enriched microbial population.	a mixed culture utilizing edta as the sole carbon source was isolated from a mixed inoculum of water from the river mersey (united kingdom) and sludge from an industrial effluent treatment plant. fourteen component organisms were isolated from the culture, including representatives of the genera methylobacterium, variovorax, enterobacter, aureobacterium, and bacillus. the mixed culture biodegraded metal-edta complexes slowly; the biodegradability was in the order fe > cu > co > ni > cd. by incor ...	1998	9546167
isolation and identification of two l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-degrading soil microorganisms, enterobacter agglomerans and enterobacter amnigenus	soil samples collected at several times during the growing season and at different locations within convallaria majalis beds in ann arbor, mi, were screened for their ability to grow with the cyclic amino acid, l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (l-a-2-c), as their sole nitrogen source (i.e., metabolize l-a-2-c). two different soil microorganisms were isolated, characterized, and identified using fundamental selection methods, the standard battery of biochemical characterization tests, and scanning e ...	1998	9548848
comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ...	1998	9597391
indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene	we characterized the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by the mycoherbicide colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. auxin production was tryptophan dependent. compounds from the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways were detected in culture filtrates. feeding experiments and in vitro assay confirmed the presence of both pathways. indole-3-acetamide was the major pathway utilized by the fungus to produce indole-3-acetic acid in culture.	1998	9835603
high-level expression of ice nuclei in erwinia herbicola is induced by phosphate starvation and low temperature.	in laboratory cultures of ice nucleation-active (ice+) erwinia herbicola isolates, it has been difficult to achieve high-level expression of ice nuclei, especially nuclei active at temperatures warmer than -5 degrees c (i.e., type 1 ice nuclei). here we demonstrate that starvation for phosphate and exposure to low temperature triggers expression of ice nuclei in e. herbicola cultures. starvation for nitrogen, sulfur, or iron was less effective. under optimal conditions with two different strains ...	1998	9608750
tungiasis among five communities in south-western trinidad, west indies.	the prevalences of tunga penetrans linn. within the five townships of granville, fullerton, icacos, coromandel and cedros in south-western trinidad, west indies, as determined by physical examination of all inhabitants present during the survey, were 17.0% (38/223 subjects), 15.7% (36/237), 31.4% (102/325), 17.4% (42/242) and 17.9% (50/280), respectively. the rate in icacos was significantly higher than in the other four sites (p < 0.001). not only were males more likely to be infected than fema ...	1998	9614460
differential involvement of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae.	erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (ehg), which induces galls on gypsophila paniculata, harbors two major pathways for indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) synthesis, the indole-3-acetamide (iam) and indole-3-pyruvate (ipya) routes, as well as cytokinin biosynthetic genes. mutants were generated in which the various biosynthetic routes were disrupted separately or jointly in order to assess the contribution of iaa of various origins and cytokinins to pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness. inactivation of the ...	1998	9650296
rpos (sigma-s) controls expression of rsma, a global regulator of secondary metabolites, harpin, and extracellular proteins in erwinia carotovora.	rpos (sigma-s or sigma-38) controls a large array of genes that are expressed during stationary phase and under various stress conditions in escherichia coli and other bacteria. we document here that plant pathogenic and epiphytic erwinia species, such as e. amylovora; e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, betavasculorum, and carotovora; e. chrysanthemi; e. herbicola; e. rhapontici; and e. stewartii, possess rpos genes and produce the alternate sigma factor. we show that rpos transcription in e. car ...	1998	9658007
bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequencies of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997).	the sentry program was established in january 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the united states (30 sites), canada (8 sites), south america (10 sites), and europe (24 sites). during the first 6-month study period (january to june 1997), a total of 5,058 bloodstream infections (bsi) were reported by north american sentry participants (4,119 from the united ...	1998	9661018
molecular characterization of the principal symbiotic bacteria of the weevil sitophilus oryzae: a peculiar g + c content of an endocytobiotic dna.	the principal intracellular symbiotic bacteria of the cereal weevil sitophilus oryzae were characterized using the sequence of the 16s rdna gene (rrs gene) and g + c content analysis. polymerase chain reaction amplification with universal eubacterial primers of the rrs gene showed a single expected sequence of 1,501 bp. comparison of this sequence with the available database sequences placed the intracellular bacteria of s. oryzae as members of the enterobacteriaceae family, closely related to t ...	1998	9664696
cloning and characterization of a camp-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.	cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (pdes) regulate intracellular levels of camp and cgmp by hydrolyzing them to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. we report here the cloning and characterization of a novel camp-specific pde from mouse testis. this unique phosphodiesterase contains a catalytic domain that overall shares <40% sequence identity to the catalytic domain of all other known pdes. based on this limited homology, this new pde clearly represents a previously unknown pde gene family ...	1998	9671792
a pathogenicity gene isolated from the ppath plasmid of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae determines host specificity.	the host range of the gall-forming bacterium erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (ehg) is restricted to the gypsophila plant whereas e. herbicola pv. betae (ehb) incites galls on beet as well as gypsophila. the pathogenicity of ehg and ehb was previously shown to be dependent on a plasmid (ppath). transposon mutagenesis was used to generate mutants on the cosmid pla150 of the ppath from ehg824-1. a cluster of nonpathogenic mutations flanked by two is1327 elements was identified on a 3.2-kb ndei dn ...	1998	9675891
plasmid-mediated gene transfer between insect-resident bacteria, enterobacter cloacae, and plant-epiphytic bacteria, erwinia herbicola, in guts of silkworm larvae.	five strains of enterobacter cloacae isolated from several species of plants and insects were able to grow in the guts of silkworm larvae. a much larger population of ent. cloacae strains was detected in the insect guts and feces collected 3 and 6 days than in samples collected 1 day after feeding artificial diets contaminating these bacteria. furthermore, insect-origin strains of ent. cloacae were mated with a donor strain, epiphytic erwinia herbicola, harboring rsf1010 and pbpw1::tn7 plasmids ...	1998	9767717
integration host factor and cyclic amp receptor protein are required for tyrr-mediated activation of tpl in citrobacter freundii.	the tpl gene of citrobacter freundii encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. this gene is known to be positively regulated by tyrr. the amplitude of regulation attributable to this transcription factor is at least 20-fold. three tyrr binding sites, designated boxes a, b, and c, centered at coordinates -272.5, -158.5, and -49.5, respectively, were identified in the upstream region of the tpl promoter. the results of mutational experiments su ...	1998	9829925
characterization of mutations that allow p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization by escherichia coli.	an escherichia coli strain deficient in p-aminobenzoate synthesis was mutagenized, and derivatives were selected for growth on folic acid. supplementation was shown to be due to p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate present as a breakdown product in commercial folic acid preparations. two classes of mutations characterized by the minimum concentration of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate that could support growth were obtained. both classes of mutations were genetically and physically mapped to about 30 min on the e. ...	1998	9829935
effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus	bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ...	1998	9835549
purification and characterization of gallic acid decarboxylase from pantoea agglomerans t71	oxygen-sensitive gallic acid decarboxylase from pantoea (formerly enterobacter) agglomerans t71 was purified from a cell extract after stabilization by reducing agents. this enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 320 kda and consists of six identical subunits. it is highly specific for gallic acid. gallic acid decarboxylase is unique among similar decarboxylases in that it requires iron as a cofactor, as shown by plasma emission spectroscopy (which revealed an iron content of 0.8 mol per m ...	1998	9835557
biofilm susceptibility to bacteriophage attack: the role of phage-borne polysaccharide depolymerase.	biofilm bacteria enterobacter agglomerans 53b and serratia marcescens serr were isolated from a food processing factory. a bacteriophage (sf153b), which could infect and lyse strain 53b, was isolated from sewage. this has been shown to possess a polysaccharide depolymerase enzyme specific for the exopolysaccharide (eps) of strain 53b. using batch culture and chemostat-linked modified robbins device systems it was observed that sf153b could degrade the eps of a mono-species biofilm (strain 53b) a ...	1998	9846739
allergic alveolitis among agricultural workers in eastern poland: a study of twenty cases.	the aim of this study was to identify the specific agents which caused extrinsic allergic alveolitis (eaa) in the selected group of 20 agricultural workers from eastern poland. the microbiological analysis of the samples of plant materials or dusts reported by the patients as causing symptoms has been carried out, followed by allergological tests (inhalation challenge, agar-gel precipitation test, inhibition of leukocyte migration, skin test) with extrinsic microbial antigens. it was found that ...	1998	9852490
assay of nicotinamide deamidase activity using high-performance liquid chromatography.	a rapid, simple and reproducible method has been developed for the determination of nicotinamide deamidase activity using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). nicotinic acid (na) liberated from nicotinamide (naa) after a 15-min enzyme reaction was determined directly by hplc without further separation steps. both na, the product, and naa, the substrate were separated by reversed-phase ion-pair isocratic chromatography and detected at 261 nm. the present method could be applied to the m ...	1998	9892067
qualitative identification of volatile metabolites from two fungi and three bacteria species cultivated on two media.	two fungal species, aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium brevicompactum and three bacteria, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter agglomerans and streptomyces albus were cultivated on two media, malt extract agar and dichloran glycerol agar. the volatile metabolite samples from the cultures were adsorbed on tenax ta and analyzed qualitatively by thermal desorption gas chromatography and with a mass selective detector. various hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters and terpenes were identified. t ...	1998	9919382
sequence comparison of outer membrane phospholipases a: implications for structure and for the catalytic mechanism.	in this study, the nucleotide sequence of the enterobacter agglomerans plda gene encoding outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla; ec 3.1.1.32) was determined. five other ompla amino acid sequences have previously been described, and screening of data bases of whole genome sequencing projects revealed the presence of proteins with homology to ompla in helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia pestis, neisseria menigitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. comparison of these eleven ompla amino ...	1998	9921577
performance evaluation of disinfectant formulations using poloxamer-hydrogel biofilm-constructs.	poloxamer f127 is a di-block co-polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. aqueous solutions show thermo-reversible gelation, being liquid at temperatures < 15 degrees c and robust gels at temperatures > 15 degrees c. chilled poloxamer solutions (30% w/v) were inoculated with approximately 10(4-5) cfu ml-1 of stationary phase cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa, ps. fluorescens, pantoea agglomerans, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis or listeria innocua. drops ...	1998	9871316
uncoupled glycerol distribution as the origin of the accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde during the fermentation of glycerol by enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210	batch fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3ppd) by enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 showed the lethal accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa) when performed under initial substrate content higher than 40 g/l. assigned to the inhibition by the nad/nadh ratio of the 3-hpa converting enzyme: 1,3ppd dehydrogenase, intracellular assays were conducted in an attempt to identify the metabolic mechanisms involved in the increase of that ratio. an overflow metabolism through the 1,3p ...	1998	10191406
evaluation of the role of carnobacterium piscicola in spoilage of vacuum- and modified-atmosphere-packed cold-smoked salmon stored at 5 degrees c.	the microflora on spoiled cold-smoked salmon often consists of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and gram-negative bacteria. to elucidate the role of the different groups, a storage trial was carried out in which nisin and co2 were used for the selective inhibition of the two bacterial groups. the shelf-life of vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon, recorded by sensory evaluation, was four weeks at 5 degrees c and the microflora was composed of lab (10(6)-10(7) cfu/g) with an associate gram-neg ...	1998	9553794
antibiotic production by erwinia herbicola eh1087: its role in inhibition of erwinia amylovora and partial characterization of antibiotic biosynthesis genes.	mutants of erwinia herbicola eh1087 (ant-), which did not produce antibiotic activity against erwinia amylovora, the fire blight pathogen, were selected after tnphoa mutagenesis. in immature pear fruit ant- mutants grew at the same rate as wild-type strain eh1087 but did not suppress development of the disease caused by e. amylovora. these results indicated that antibiosis plays an important role in the suppression of disease by strain eh1087. all of the ant- mutations obtained were located in a ...	1998	9572960
detection of variation of the r-domain structure of ice nucleation genes in erwinia herbicola-group bacteria by pcr-rflp analysis.	the structure of ice nucleation (in) genes was compared among 20 strains of erwinia herbicola-group bacterium of plant- and insect-origin including e. herbicola m1 (icee) and e. ananas in10 (inaa) that had been previously reported. when the dnas of n-domain or c-domain were amplified, pcr products with similar size were obtained in all strains, while the size of the pcr products from the whole genes containing the r domain varied remarkably within a range of 3.8 kb to 4.4 kb. rflp analysis of th ...	1998	9688821
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2.	cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ...	1998	9705403
the gene for indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid hydrolase from enterobacter agglomerans: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in escherichia coli.	a 5.5-kb dna fragment containing the indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid (iaa-asp) hydrolase gene (iaasph) was isolated from enterobacter agglomerans strain gk12 using a hybridization probe based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. the dna sequence of a 2.4-kb region of this fragment was determined and revealed a 1311-nucleotide orf large enough to encode the 45-kda iaa-asp hydrolase. a 1.5-kb dna fragment containing iaasph was subcloned into the escherichia coli expression plasmid p ...	1998	9747708
substrate ambiguity of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase from neisseria gonorrhoeae in the context of its membership in a protein family containing a subset of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthases.	3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (kdop) synthase and 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (dahp) synthase catalyze similar phosphoenolpyruvate-utilizing reactions. the genome of neisseria gonorrhoeae contains one gene encoding kdop synthase and one gene encoding dahp synthase. of the two nonhomologous dahp synthase families known, the n. gonorrhoeae protein belongs to the family i assemblage. kdop synthase exhibited an ability to replace arabinose-5-p with either erythrose-4-p or ...	1998	9422601
first report of a human isolate of erwinia persicinus.	erwinia persicinus was first described in 1990 after being isolated from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including bananas, cucumbers, and tomatoes. in 1994, it was shown to be the causative agent of necrosis of bean pods. we now report the first human isolate of e. persicinus. the strain was isolated from the urine of an 88-year-old woman who presented with a urinary tract infection. by the hydroxyapatite method, dna from this strain was shown to be 94.5% related at 60 degrees c and 86% rel ...	1998	9431957
molecular characterization and sequence of a methionine biosynthetic locus from pseudomonas syringae.	two methionine biosynthetic genes in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, metx and metw, were isolated, sequenced, and evaluated for their roles in methionine biosynthesis and bacterial fitness on leaf surfaces. the metxw locus was isolated on a 1.8-kb dna fragment that was required for both methionine prototrophy and wild-type epiphytic fitness. sequence analysis identified two consecutive open reading frames (orfs), and in vitro transcription-translation experiments provided strong evidence that ...	1998	9721288
contribution of indole-3-acetic acid production to the epiphytic fitness of erwinia herbicola	erwinia herbicola 299r produces large quantities of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in culture media supplemented with l-tryptophan. to assess the contribution of iaa production to epiphytic fitness, the population dynamics of the wild-type strain and an iaa-deficient mutant of this strain on leaves were studied. strain 299xyle, an isogenic iaa-deficient mutant of strain 299r, was constructed by insertional interruption of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene of strain 299r with the xyle gene, which ...	1998	9726868
evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods.	the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ...	1998	9650942
comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome.	raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ...	1998	9712782
microbial communities of printing paper machines.	the microbial content of printing paper machines, running at a temperature of 45-50 degrees c and at ph 4.5-5, was studied. bacteria were prevalent colonizers of the machine wet end and the raw materials. a total of 390 strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated and 86% of these were identified to genus and species by biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic methods. the most common bacteria found at the machine wet end were bacillus coagulans and other bacillus species, burkholderia cepacia, ...	1998	9717292
green fluorescent protein as a novel species-specific marker in enteric dual-species biofilms.	green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a tool to examine the interactions between pairs of bacterial species and their effects on subsequent biofilm development over 24 h. a plasmid encoding gfp from aequorea victoria was transformed into strains of enterobacter agglomerans and escherichia coli atcc 11229. the development of dual-species biofilms, containing one fluorescent and one non-fluorescent partner, was examined using viable counts. uv illumination of plates enabled both species to b ...	1998	9720030
midgut bacteria in anopheles gambiae and an. funestus (diptera: culicidae) from kenya and mali.	field studies in kenya and mali investigated the prevalence of bacteria in the midguts of malaria vectors, and the potential relationship between gram-negative bacteria species and plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. midguts were dissected from 2,430 mosquitoes: 863 anopheles funestus giles and 1,037 an. gambiae s.l. giles from kenya, and 530 an. gambiae s.l. from mali. an. funestus had a higher prevalence of gram-negative bacteria (28.5%) compared with an. gambiae collected in kenya and mali (15 ...	1998	9615538
intergeneric transfer of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids harbored by escherichia coli in the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola).	the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida provides a habitat for a high density of bacterial cells (t. thimm, a. hoffmann, h. borkott, j. c. munch, and c. c. tebbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:2660-2669, 1998). we investigated whether these gut bacteria act as recipients for plasmids from escherichia coli. filter mating with e. coli donor cells and collected feces of f. candida revealed that the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid prp4-luc (prp4 with a luciferase marker gene) transfe ...	1998	9647844
the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola) is a frequently changeable but selective habitat and a vector for microorganisms.	interaction potentials between soil microarthropods and microorganisms were investigated with folsomia candida (insecta, collembola) in microcosm laboratory experiments. microscopic analysis revealed that the volumes of the simple, rod-shaped guts of adult specimens varied with their feeding activity, from 0.7 to 11.2 nl. a dense layer of bacterial cells, associated with the peritrophic membrane, was detected in the midgut by scanning electron microscopy. depending on the molting stage, which oc ...	1998	9647845
identification of bacterial isolates obtained from intestinal contents associated with 12,000-year-old mastodon remains.	mastodon (mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in ohio and michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material r ...	1998	9464403
expression of genes from rahnella aquatilis that are necessary for mineral phosphate solubilization in escherichia coli.	rahnella aquatilis is a gram-negative bacterium that can fix atmospheric nitrogen and also has the ability to solubilize mineral phosphate. we have cloned the genes that confer the mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) trait from this organism by mobilizing a cosmid library of r. aquatilis into escherichia coli hb101. a 7.0-kb ecori fragment from a cosmid, when transferred into e. coli strains hb101 and dh5 alpha, conferred the ability to solubilize hydroxyapatite and the production of gluconic a ...	1998	9485602
helicobacter pylori porcdab and oordabc genes encode distinct pyruvate:flavodoxin and 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductases which mediate electron transport to nadp.	helicobacter pylori, a major cause of human gastric disease, is a microaerophilic bacterium that contains neither pyruvate nor 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. previous studies (n. j. hughes, p. a. chalk, c. l. clayton, and d. j. kelly, j. bacteriol. 177:3953-3959, 1995) have indicated that the major routes for the generation of acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) and succinyl-coa are via pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (por) and 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductase (oor), respectively. th ...	1998	9495749
isolation, characterization, and transfer of cryptic gene-mobilizing plasmids in the wheat rhizosphere.	a set of self-transmissible plasmids with incq plasmid-mobilizing capacity was isolated by triparental exogenous isolation from the wheat rhizosphere with an escherichia coli incq plasmid host and a ralstonia eutropha recipient. three plasmids of 38 to 45 kb, denoted pipo1, pipo2, and pipo3, were selected for further study. no selectable traits (antibiotic or heavy-metal resistance) were identified in these plasmids. the plasmids were characterized by replicon typing via pcr and hybridization wi ...	1998	9501428
species-specific and ubiquitous-dna-based assays for rapid identification of staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus is the cause of serious infections in humans, including endocarditis, deep-seated abscesses, and bacteremia, which lead to toxic and septic shock syndromes. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium specifically and ubiquitously directly from clinical specimens would be useful in improving the diagnosis of s. aureus infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory. a wide variety of kits based on biochemical characteristics efficiently identify s. aureus, but the ...	1998	9508283
isd1, an insertion element from the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough: structure, transposition, and distribution.	insertion element isd1, discovered when its transposition caused the insertional inactivation of an introduced sacb gene, is present in two copies in the genome of desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough. southern blot analysis indicated at least two insertion sites in the sacb gene. cloning and sequencing of a transposed copy of isd1 indicated a length of 1,200 bp with a pair of 44-bp imperfect inverted repeats at the ends, flanked by a direct repeat of the 4-bp target sequence. aagg and aatt were ...	1998	9435062
occurrence of indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacteria on pear trees and their association with fruit russet.	abstract a relatively high percentage of epiphytic bacteria on pear leaf and fruit surfaces had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in culture media supplemented with tryptophan. while over 50% of the strains produced at least small amounts of iaa in culture, about 25% of the strains exhibited high iaa production as evidenced by both colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture supernatants. a majority of the strains that produced high amounts of iaa ...	1998	18944847
compost and compost water extract-induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumber and arabidopsis.	abstract a biocontrol agent-fortified compost mix, suppressive to several diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens, induced systemic acquired resistance (sar) in cucumber against anthracnose caused by colletotrichum orbiculare and in arabidopsis against bacterial speck caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola kd4326. a peat mix conducive to soilborne diseases did not induce sar. the population size of p. syringae pv. maculicola kd4326 was significantly lower in leaves of arabidopsis pla ...	1998	18944926
salt stress sensitivity of nitrogen fixation in enterobacter agglomerans strains.	two strains 333 to 339 of enterobacter agglomerans were selected in the present study to evaluate the response of increasing concentrations of nacl on growth, n(2)-fixation, and nitrogenase activity/synthesis. e. agglomerans strains 333 and 339 showed optimum growth and acetylene-reducing activity with 0.5 to 1.0% nacl in a nitrogen-free minimal medium (nfdm) with glucose, respectively, in 28 h incubation, although both strains displayed better growth and acetylene-reducing activity with 3.0% an ...	1998	12501402
enhanced production of extracellular ice nucleators from erwinia herbicola.	the effects of growth conditions and chemical or physical treatments on the production of extracellular ice nucleators (ecins) by erwinia herbicola cells were investigated. the spontaneous release of ecins, active at temperatures higher than -4 degrees c, into the environment depended on culture conditions, with optimal production when cells were grown in yeast extract to an early stationary phase at temperatures below 22 degrees c. ecins were vesicular, released from cell surfaces with sizes ra ...	1998	12501408
long-term reduction of cold hardiness following ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria in the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata.	we investigated the effect of ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria on the supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say), a freeze-intolerant species that overwinters as adults in shallow, terrestrial burrows. ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria (enterobacter agglomerans, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas syringae), fed on slices of potato tuber, caused an abrupt decrease in supercooling capacity. no change occurred ...	1998	12770317
effect of nectar on microbial antagonists evaluated for use in control of fire blight of pome fruits.	abstract under warm, dry conditions, erwinia amylovora can become established in relatively high populations on apple (malus domestica) or pear (pyrus communis) flower stigmas, and subsequent wet conditions facilitate its movement to the flower hypanthium where infection generally is initiated through the nectarthodes. research on biological control of fire blight has focused mainly on the flower stigma, and knowledge is lacking regarding the effect of nectar on microbial antagonists in the flow ...	1999	18944801
new types of antimicrobial compounds produced by lactobacillus plantarum.	new types of antimicrobial compounds were identified in the culture filtrate of lactobacillus plantarum vtt e-78076. activity was detected in the low molecular mass fraction separated by gel chromatography. this fraction totally inhibited the growth of the gram-negative test organism, pantoea agglomerans (enterobacter agglomerans) vtt e-90396. characteristic compounds from this fraction were identified by gc/ms-analysis and the identification was confirmed using pure commercial reference compoun ...	1999	10200070
thermal gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bioprotection from pollutant shocks in the activated sludge microbial community.	we used a culture-independent approach, namely, thermal gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge) analysis of ribosomal sequences amplified directly from community dna, to determine changes in the structure of the microbial community following phenol shocks in the highly complex activated sludge ecosystem. parallel experimental model sewage plants were given shock loads of chlorinated and methylated phenols and simultaneously were inoculated (i) with a genetically engineered microorganism (gem) able t ...	1999	9872766