Publications

in vitro activities of pd 117,596 and reference antibiotics against 448 clinical bacterial strains.	the in vitro activity of pd 117,596, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was tested against 448 bacterial isolates (15 genera) by agar dilution (inoculum, 10(4) cfu per spot). the activity of pd 117,596 was compared with that of 15 antibiotics against 327 gram-negative strains and with that of 8 other antibiotics against 121 gram-positive strains. pd 117,596 demonstrated the best activity against klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., acinetobacter spp., serratia marcescens, and branhamella catarrhal ...	1988	3196008
in vitro activity of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin.	the in vitro activities of cefixime and seven comparative oral antimicrobials were studied. mic90s of cefixime were 0.015-1 micrograms/ml for haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus, providencia, aeromonas hydrophila and streptococcus. mic90s for other enterobacteriaceae were greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml; 44% of those strains were inhibited by less than or equal 1 microgram/ml. staphylococcus, psuedomonas aeruginosa ...	1988	3219746
[clinical evaluation of s 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis].	s 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release cefaclor, was orally administered to 20 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis at a daily dosage of 750 mg (titer) in 2 divided doses for a duration of 7-15 days and its clinical usefulness was evaluated. clinical efficacies were good in 17 cases and fair in 3 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 85.0%. organisms isolated from 13 patients were totalling 14 strains, i.e., 5 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 strains of branhamella catarrha ...	1988	3241328
antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone.	cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. the mics for 50% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter ...	1988	3245701
antimicrobial activity of mdl 19,592: an oral cephalosporin.	mdl 19,592, a semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, has an antimicrobial spectrum principally directed against gram-positive cocci (mic50, 0.25-4 micrograms/ml), branhamella catarrhalis (mic50, 1-2 micrograms/ml), and pathogenic neisseria spp. such as meningococci (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml). enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium jeikeium, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus strains had mdl 19,592 mic50 of greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. although mdl 19,592 generally ...	1988	3246143
[pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field].	pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on sultamicillin (sbtpc) fine granule were carried out in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activities of sbtpc against clinically isolated strains of haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, and escherichia coli were compared with those of ampicillin (ab ...	1988	3249362
comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides.	the in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. in general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. clarithromycin was the most active compound against streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, listeria ...	1988	3252753
beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in head and neck infection.	we have summarized our experience in recovery of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb) in head and neck infection (hni). these hni include conjunctivitis, serous and chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, chronic mastoiditis, chronic sinusitis, adenoiditis, recurrent tonsillitis in children and adults, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were found in 262 (51%) of 513 patients with hni; 72% had aerobic blpb and 57% had anaerobic blpb. the infect ...	1988	3258396
bmy-28100, a new oral cephalosporin: antimicrobial activity against nearly 7,000 recent clinical isolates, comparative potency with other oral agents, and activity against beta-lactamase producing isolates.	the antimicrobial activity of bmy-28100 was tested against approximately 7,000 bacterial pathogens in a multicenter, multiphased collaborative investigation. the bmy-28100 spectrum and antimicrobial potency was most similar to that of cefaclor and superior to that of cephalexin among currently available cephalosporins. species that had greater than or equal to 90% of clinical strains inhibited by bmy-28100 (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) were: citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, kl ...	1988	3259489
beta-lactamase production in the upper respiratory tract flora in relation to antibiotic consumption: a study in children attending day nurseries.	the occurrence of beta-lactamase production in haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens was compared in 191 healthy children attending day nurseries in 2 municipalities differing with regard to the prescription rate of beta-lactam antibiotics. a significantly higher frequency of beta-lactamase production was recorded in m. nonliquefaciens isolated in the municipality with the higher prescription rate. a corresponding difference was not recorded for h. influen ...	1988	3261446
staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus in otitis media with effusion.	bacteriologic investigation of middle ear effusion (mee), external ear canal, and the nasopharynx was carried out on 458 patients with otitis media with effusion. staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common bacteria in mee, even after excluding the contaminants from the external ear canal, which had the same value of minimal inhibitory concentration as the paired mee. the bacterial agreement of s epidermidis between mee and the nasopharynx was extremely rare in contrast with haemophilus influ ...	1988	3262358
in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ly163892.	ly163892 is a new orally absorbed carbacephem. it inhibited streptococcus pyogenes and str. pneumoniae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, but was less active against group b streptococci and groups c, f, g and bovis streptococci with mics of 1 to 2 mg/l for most but as high as 8 mg/l for some isolates. mic90 of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus was 8 mg/l, but greater than 128 mg/l for methicillin-resistant staphylococci. ly163892 had activity similar to cefaclor and cephalexin with mi ...	1988	3263352
in vitro antibacterial activity of fk482, a new orally active cephalosporin.	fk482 is a new orally active cephem antibiotic which offers some advantages over the commercially available oral beta-lactam antibiotics. it displayed a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against stock strains of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. fk482 was more active in vitro than cefixime (cfix), cefaclor (ccl) or cephalexin (cex) against clinical isolates of gram-positive organisms such as methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci incl ...	1988	3264828
in vitro evaluations of aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.	sulbactam/ampicillin (unasyn) possesses the antimicrobial activity of each drug plus the synergistic action and qualities of sulbactam used as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. the combination has a spectrum of activity against many enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus species, branhamella catarrhalis, pathogenic neisseria species, acinetobacter anitratus, some pseudomonads, nearly all anaerobes (including bacteroides), staphylococcus species, streptococci, and the enterococci. sulbactam/ampicillin was fou ...	1988	3265377
[antimicrobial activities of sultamicillin against clinical isolates from upper respiratory tract infections].	sultamicillin (sbtpc) is a mutual prodrug in which ampicillin (abpc) and a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam (sbt) are ester-bound in an equimolar ratio. sbtpc is hydrolyzed during absorption after oral administration to provide abpc and sbt for systemic circulation. in the present study, the antimicrobial activities of sbtpc against 50 isolates each of 6 species (staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcu ...	1988	3266508
[antimicrobial activity of sultamicillin against clinical isolates from upper respiratory tract infections ii].	in an attempt to examine the effect of sulbactam (sbt) on beta-lactamase activity, three hundred clinical isolates from the infected upper respiratory tract were tested for mics and disk sensitivities of ampicillin (abpc) and sultamicillin (sbtpc). beta-lactamase production was tested using the acidometry disk method (beta-check, taito pfizer co.). for strains such as klebsiella spp. which form mucoid type colonies, we used the ss culture medium which, by reducing the influence of huge amounts o ...	1988	3266883
five vs. ten days of therapy for acute otitis media.	in a double blind study 175 patients with acute otitis media were randomized into 2 treatment groups: 10 days of therapy with cefaclor or 5 days of therapy followed by 5 days of placebo. the dosage of cefaclor was 40 mg/kg/day administered orally in equally divided doses at 12-hour intervals. tympanocentesis before treatment yielded specimens that contained streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae or both in 55% of specimens. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from 21% of specimens. ...	1988	3277153
comparative activity of the 4-quinolones.	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, difloxacin, a-56620, and ci-934 are consistent world-wide, with allowances for differences in acquired resistance. mics of these drugs for enterobacteriaceae correlate with those of nalidixic acid, but resistance to the quinolones is rare if a breakpoint of greater than 2 mg/l is accepted. most intestinal pathogens are sensitive. acinetobacter, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and oth ...	1988	3279501
tigemonam, an oral monobactam.	tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ...	1988	3279906
comparative in vitro activity of a new fluorinated 4-quinolone, t-3262 (a-60969).	the in vitro activity of a new quinolone, t-3262 [a-60969; dl-7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1-, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid monohydrate], was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin. t-3262 inhibited 90% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. it was two to four times more active than ofloxacin and similarly or slightly less acti ...	1988	3293524
aetiology of acute pharyngitis and clinical response to empirical therapy with erythromycin versus amoxicillin.	one hundred and eighty-nine adults with acute pharyngitis had culture and serological evaluation for group a beta haemolytic streptococci (gabhs), mycoplasma pneumoniae, and branhamella catarrhalis. sixteen patients had evidence for infection with gabhs, none for m. pneumoniae, and one for b. catarrhalis. for those with gabhs, there was no significant difference between empirical treatment by erythromycin or amoxicillin. for those without gabhs, empirical treatment with erythromycin appeared to ...	1988	3294074
a nosocomial outbreak of branhamella catarrhalis confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis.	an outbreak of respiratory illness due to branhamella catarrhalis occurred in the intermediate care unit of a veterans administration hospital and involved patients and staff members. four patients had pneumonia and four had bronchitis. infected patients were placed in a cohort separated from noninfected patients and were treated. pharyngeal culture was used to survey prevalence in staff and all other patients on the unit; three of 18 staff members and two of 19 asymptomatic patients were positi ...	1988	2834470
the in-vitro activity of cp-62,993 against haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococci and streptococci.	the in-vitro activity of a new macrolide antibiotic cp-62,993 (pfizer ltd) was determined for 420 bacterial isolates, comprising 150 haemophilus influenzae, 48 branhamella catarrhalis, 50 staphylococcus aureus, 50 coagulase negative staphylococci, 50 beta-haemolytic streptococci, 50 streptococcus pneumoniae and 22 oral streptococci. cp-62,993 was compared with erythromycin and penicillin (ampicillin in the case of h. influenzae). the mics of cp-62,993 were found to be lower than those of erythro ...	1988	2837451
in vitro activities of azithromycin (cp 62,993), clarithromycin (a-56268; te-031), erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin.	the in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp 62,993 or xz-450) against haemophilus influenzae was greater than that of three other macrolides. however, azithromycin was four- to eightfold less active than erythromycin against the gram-positive cocci and against listeria monocytogenes. erythromycin and azithromycin were similar in their activity against legionella pneumophila, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, and branhamella catarrhalis.	1988	2840016
rate of bactericidal activity for branhamella catarrhalis of a new macrolide, cp-62,993, compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.	the rate of bactericidal activity of a new macrolide, cp-62,993, was compared with that of the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (in the proportion of 4 to 1) on strains of branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase producers. the antibacterial activity of cp-62,993 was bacterostatic at 0.01 micrograms/ml. after a 6-hour period of bacteriostasis a bactericidal activity (3 log10 cfu/ml) was observed for all concentrations from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml after 24 h. the bactericidal rate of ...	1988	2843324
beta-lactamase inhibition by acetylmethylene penicillanic acid compared to that of clavulanate and sulbactam.	the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of 6-acetylmethylene penicillanic acid (6-ampa) were investigated and compared with those of other beta-lactamase inhibitors. 6-ampa inhibited the tem-1, tem-2, shv-1, pse-1, pse-2, pse-3, pse-4, oxa-2, oxa-3, and staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamases. it also inhibited the chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases of the richmond-sykes type ia, ic and id type and the type iv klebsiella enzymes. beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and bacteroides frag ...	1988	2850139
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide.	hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide (lps) were established. the specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and elisa-inhibition experiments with lps and delipidated polysaccharide fragments (ps-1 and ps-2) prepared from b. pertussis lps. monoclonal antibody 9-1-h5 reacted with b. pertussis lps only, whereas monoclonal antibodies 6-4-h6 and 9-2-a8 reacted with ps-1 and ps-2 as well as b. ...	1988	2893806
restriction fragment mapping of branhamella catarrhalis: a new tool for studying the epidemiology of this middle ear pathogen.		1988	2899124
monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin.	hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) were established. the specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), sandwich elisa, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting. the monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisa was developed for detection of b. pertussis fha. the assay had a detection limit of b. pertussis fha in concentrations rang ...	1988	2903174
role of fluoroquinolones in lower respiratory tract infections.	oral quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are promising agents in the treatment of serious bronchopulmonary infections due to susceptible gram-negative micro-organisms such as haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and even pseudomonas aeruginosa. their moderative activity against streptococcus pneumoniae may limit the use of these agents in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and in the empiric management of community-acquired bacterial pneumon ...	1989	2920482
surface-exposed and antigenically conserved determinants of outer membrane proteins of branhamella catarrhalis.	the outer membrane proteins (omps) of branhamella catarrhalis were studied in an effort to identify surface-exposed determinants that are conserved among strains of the bacterium. aliquots of polyclonal antiserum were absorbed individually by strains of b. catarrhalis. the absorbed antisera were tested in comparison with unabsorbed antiserum in an immunoblot assay against omps of the homologous strain. the absence of a band recognized by antibodies in the absorbed antiserum compared with the una ...	1989	2476393
[current bacteriologic status and therapeutic results in acute otitis media in children aged over 3 months].	355 children, 3 months to 15 years old, presenting with acute otitis media, underwent a bacteriological study of otitis exsudate. from november 1985 to september 1987, 162 myringotomy and 149 acute otitis media spontaneously discharging were studied in paris. from october 1981 to september 1987, 62 myringotomy and 46 spontaneously discharging acute otitis were studied in valognes. there was none pathogenic bacterium in respectively 20 and 14% of the samples. two or more pathogenic bacterium were ...	1989	2491709
branhamella catarrhalis infections.	branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis is responsible for a significant number of bronchopulmonary infections in adults, as well as otitis media and sinusitis in children. this gram-negative diplococcus is indistinguishable from neisseria gonorrhoeae on gram-stained smear. many strains of the organism produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to the penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics. when b. catarrhalis is the probable pathogen, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic is the initial drug o ...	1989	2492736
tributyrin hydrolysis for identifying branhamella catarrhalis.		1989	2493488
branhamella infections. an increasingly common respiratory illness.	branhamella catarrhalis is an important cause of acute sinusitis and otitis media in children and of acute tracheobronchitis in older persons with underlying chronic lung disease or a suppressed immune system. clinical presentation of b catarrhalis infection varies from a mild, self-limiting disease to severe pneumonia, but most cases are mild to moderate in severity. infection occurs sporadically, and endogenous spread from the oropharynx is the likely mechanism. the keys to diagnosis are a hig ...	1989	2494649
bacteriology of otitis media with effusion.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria present in the middle ear of patients with otitis media with effusion. middle ear effusions (mee), nasopharyngeal and throat swabs were obtained at operation and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. two hundred and fifty-nine effusions were obtained from 152 subjects examined. haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 32 (12.3 per cent) effusions, streptococcus pneumoniae from seven (2.7 per cent), ...	1989	2495334
acute otitis media and respiratory virus infections.	we studied the association of acute otitis media with different respiratory virus infections in a pediatric department on the basis of epidemics between 1980 and 1985. altogether 4524 cases of acute otitis media were diagnosed. the diagnosis was confirmed by tympanocentesis in 3332 ears. respiratory virus infection was diagnosed during the same period in 989 patients by detecting viral antigen in nasopharyngeal mucus. there was a significant correlation between acute otitis media and respiratory ...	1989	2495520
emerging pathogens in nosocomial pneumonia.	the organisms responsible for nosocomial pneumonia are continuously evolving. gram-negative bacilli have become the most common etiologic agents over the past 20 years, and with this evolution has come a better understanding of the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia. some gram-positive cocci, such as enterococci, group b beta hemolytic streptococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, haven taken on new significance in nosocomial respiratory infections. streptococcus p ...	1989	2495944
symptomatic bacteriuria caused by branhamella catarrhalis.		1989	2496172
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in non-immunocompromised pediatric patients: report of three cases and review of the literature.	branhamella catarrhalis (b.c.) is found as a commensal in the upper respiratory tract of a healthy individual. we report three pediatric patients with bronchopneumonia allegedly caused by b. catarrhalis. all of them were intubated and on a mechanical ventilation (following either elective surgery or trauma) while the infection developed. although b. catarrhalis has been thought to be penicillin sensitive, an increased frequency of beta-lactamase producing b. catarrhalis has been noted recently. ...	1989	2496194
tracheitis and supraglottis associated with branhamella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus.		1989	2496395
pneumonia due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	branhamella catarrhalis is a neisseriae-like organism that is the newest member of the family of pneumonic pathogens. the organism is seasonal, encountered only during the respiratory disease season. the majority of patients with pneumonia (80% to 90%) have underlying chronic pulmonary disease, and their clinical illness may be difficult to distinguish from exacerbations of lung disease by other causes. b catarrhalis is the most common bacterial pathogen in this setting after haemophilus influen ...	1989	2496450
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime proxetil (u-76,252; cs-807) against clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis.	cefpodoxime proxetil (u-76,252; cs-807) is a new esterified oral cephem antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum. since data regarding the activity of cefpodoxime against branhamella catarrhalis are limited, we tested its activity against 200 b. catarrhalis isolates. the drug was highly active against beta-lactamase-negative and -positive isolates; 99% of all strains tested showed a cefpodoxime proxetil mic of less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml.	1989	2496654
branhamella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract secretions in adults.	findings in specimens from the lower respiratory tract were reviewed in order to assess the role of branhamella catarrhalis in broncho-pulmonary infections. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the first sample of good quality in 68 (6.7%) of 1,016 patients. in 36 there was pure growth, and review of patients charts suggested a diagnosis of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in 12 cases.	1989	2497001
branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of suppurative arthritis.		1989	2497437
histamine synthesis by respiratory tract micro-organisms: possible role in pathogenicity.	five bacterial species considered to be potential pathogens in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and pneumonia--branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus parainfluenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae--were evaluated for their potential to synthesise histamine in vitro. bacterial species commonly isolated from infected sputum but generally not considered to be pathogenic--enterobacteriacae, neisseria pharyngis, coagulase negative s ...	1989	2499609
supersusceptibility to hydrophobic antimicrobial agents and cell surface hydrophobicity in branhamella catarrhalis.	to clarify the cause of the supersusceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis to macrolide antibiotics, which are well-known to be inactive to most gram-negative bacteria, we determined its cell surface hydrophobicity by the partition experiment between water and hydrocarbons. its cell surface was found to be markedly more hydrophobic than that of escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. this suggested that the outer membrane of b. catarrhalis plays no role as a diffusion barrier towards h ...	1989	2500380
subacute sinusitis in children.	the bacteriologic characteristics of subacute maxillary sinusitis have not been delineated in the pediatric age group. forty children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with respiratory symptoms for at least 30 but less than 120 days were evaluated. nasal discharge and cough were the most prominent symptoms. common radiographic findings were diffuse opacification and mucosal thickenings. sinus aspiration was performed on 52 sinuses of 40 children. bacterial colony counts greater than or equal to ...	1989	2500511
isolation of the outer membrane of branhamella catarrhalis.	the emergence of branhamella catarrhalis as an important human pathogen has stimulated interest in investigations of the outer membrane (om) of the bacterium. in this study, the om of b. catarrhalis was isolated and partially characterized. radiolabelled cells were lysed and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation in a continuous sucrose gradient. five fractions were identified. fraction a consisted of om fragments of varying density. fractions b and c were om of a discrete density containing s ...	1989	2500575
comparison of the quadferm+ 2-hr identification system with conventional carbohydrate degradation tests for confirmatory identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae.	the quadferm+ (analytab products, plainview, ny) rapid identification system was evaluated for its ability to identify correctly neisseria gonorhoeae isolates from specimens obtained at a sexually transmitted disease clinic. one hundred eighty-five isolates (115 n. gonorrhoeae, 45 neisseria meningitidis, 16 neisseria species, and nine branhamella catarrhalis; fresh isolates, frozen stock cultures, and cultures referred from local health agencies) were tested with the quadferm+ system and convent ...	1989	2500720
branhamella catarrhalis bacteremia in children.	two cases of branhamella catarrhalis bacteremia in childhood are presented. the literature is reviewed for this unusual cause of bacteremia.	1989	2500833
adenoids and otitis media with effusion: nasopharyngeal flora.	in order to clarify the role of the microflora of the nasopharynx and adenoids as causative factors of otitis media with effusion (ome), bacteriologic species in middle ear effusions (mees), nasopharyngeal smears, and adenoid tissues of children with ome were cultured. the change in the microflora of the nasopharynx after adenoidectomy, and the degree of bacterial agreement between the microflora of the nasopharynx and adenoid tissue were investigated. nasopharyngeal bacterial flora were investi ...	1989	2500860
branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of pneumonia in a patient with miliary tuberculosis.	branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly reported as a cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. the authors here report what they believe to be a unique case of b catarrhalis bronchopneumonia in a patient who had previously acquired miliary tuberculosis. the patient initially responded to medication but died suddenly following a brief episode of febrile illness. at autopsy, several lines of evidence implicated b catarrhalis in the findings. the authors review the literature regarding cas ...	1989	2501241
b.cat confirm, a rapid test for confirmation of branhamella catarrhalis.	b.cat confirm (scott laboratories, inc., fiskeville, r.i.), a rapid test for detection of tributyrin hydrolysis, was evaluated for its ability to identify strains of branhamella catarrhalis and to differentiate them from neisseria species and related species. on initial testing, b.cat confirm was positive for 65 (96%) of 68 b. catarrhalis strains within 30 min after inoculation. retesting of the remaining three strains resulted in their correct identification. b.cat confirm was negative for all ...	1989	2501344
wound infection caused by branhamella catarrhalis.	branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from sputum, tracheal secretions, and a nonhealing and infected thoracic surgical wound in a 59-year-old woman who had a history of a chronic, interstitial fibrosis and who had undergone an open lung biopsy procedure. the patient's upper respiratory tract was the likely source of the organism. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a wound infection caused by b. catarrhalis.	1989	2501347
identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria with the microscan haemophilus-neisseria identification panel.	the haemophilus-neisseria identification (hnid) panel (american microscan, sacramento, calif.) is a 4-h microdilution format system for identification of haemophilus and neisseria spp., branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis, and gardnerella vaginalis. the hnid panel was evaluated by using 423 clinical isolates and stock strains of these organisms, and hnid identifications were compared with those obtained by conventional methods. in addition, 32 isolates representing six genera not included in the ...	1989	2501351
phenotypic characteristics of branhamella catarrhalis strains.	isolates of branhamella catarrhalis from 13 patients with pneumonia, 6 patients with tracheobronchitis, and 8 patients who were colonized with the organism were studied with respect to susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (nhs), glass slide hemagglutination (ha) of group o human erythrocytes, beta-lactamase production, and susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents and laboratory drugs. a total of 18 of 27 isolates were serum resistant, 22 of 27 produced ha, and 2 ...	1989	2501353
evaluation of restriction endonuclease analysis as an epidemiologic typing system for branhamella catarrhalis.	restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) was evaluated as an epidemiologic typing tool to distinguish branhamella catarrhalis strains. fourteen beta-lactamase-producing strains were collected over a 16-month period at a hospital where a nosocomial outbreak of this organism was previously documented by rea. rea produced 12 distinct patterns which correlated with epidemiologic data. chromosomal rea appears to be a useful technique for distinguishing b. catarrhalis strains.	1989	2501355
[role of normal microflora in the throat in inhibition of adherence of pathogenic bacteria to host cells: in vitro competitive adherence between corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and branhamella catarrhalis].	our previous study showed the occurrence of branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) pulmonary infections which varies seasonally. to investigate the role of normal throat microflora in this seasonal variation of the occurrence of b. catarrhalis infection, seventy seven throat cultures were done in 45 patients with chronic pulmonary diseases from january to december in 1985. the isolation rate of corynebacterium species as normal microflora was relatively higher in summer than in winter. therefo ...	1989	2501428
bacterial pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with abnormalities of humoral immunity that result in an increased incidence of bacterial pneumonia. from 2% to 10% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-associated pneumonia is caused by encapsulated bacteria. clinical features are usually typical of community-acquired pneumonia and include fever, productive cough, and chest pain. focal radiographic infiltrates, an elevated wbc count, and mild hypoxemia are commonly observed. str ...	1989	2501846
nasopharyngeal culture with quantitative analysis of pathogenes in chronic otitis media with effusion. effects on pathogen yield of different swabs and transport methods.	the influence of different swabs and transport media on nasopharyngeal culture pathogen recovery has been studied in patients with chronic otitis media with effusion. transport times of less than two hours have been used. protecting the cotton wire swab with a polyethylene shealth to prevent contamination by nasal flora did not have any significant influence either on the recovery of potential pathogens or on the contaminating nasal flora. facilitating a quantitative analysis of the nasopharynge ...	1989	2502161
identification of branhamella catarrhalis in 2.5 min with an indoxyl butyrate strip test.	branhamella catarrhalis, an occasional cause of human respiratory infections, unlike most other members of the family neisseriaceae, produces a butyrate esterase. this is capable of breaking the ester linkage between butyryl groups and carrier molecules. b. caviae and b. ovis, which are rarely encountered in pathological specimens, also produce butyrate esterase. this property can be used as a rapid test in the identification of b. catarrhalis. the recently reported rapid test for butyrate ester ...	1989	2502561
clinical and bacteriologic features of chronic sinusitis in children.	the clinical and bacteriologic aspects of chronic sinusitis in childhood were studied. of 35 children who underwent surgical procedures for chronic sinusitis, 22 had positive bacteriologic cultures of aspirates from the sinus. the most common organisms isolated were haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and branhamella catarrhalis. five of eight s pneumoniae strains were relatively resistant to penicillin and resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. all of the b catarrhalis and 20 ...	1989	2502908
susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis to tetracyclines.		1989	2503485
the role of beta-lactamase in mixed infections in mice in relation to treatment with ampicillin.	beta-lactamase-producing staphylococcus aureus and bacteroides fragilis in a localized mixed infection has been found to degrade the beta-lactam antibiotic at the focus of infection, thus protecting both the bacteria and pathogens susceptible to the antibiotic. to determine if beta-lactamase produced by hemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis have similar importance in mixed infections, a thread infection model in mice was used to evaluate the capacity of beta-lactamase produced by s. ...	1989	2503565
antimicrobial activity of ro 23-9424, a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin and desacetylcefotaxime.	ro 23-9424 is a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin (ro 23-6240; am-833) and the cefotaxime metabolite desacetylcefotaxime. its potency was determined against over 1,000 organisms and found to be intermediate between those of the two components. more than 99% of members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by greater than or equal micrograms of ro 23-9424 per ml; its mic for 50% of strains tested ranged from greater than or equal to 0.06 to 1 micrograms/ml. staphylococci, streptoc ...	1989	2504106
branhamella keratoconjunctivitis.	a young male complained of monocular diplopia for over a year. ophthalmic evaluation revealed gross corneal pannus in both eyes and clinical findings precipitated treatment for chronic chlamydial eye disease. the definitive pathogen isolated from both eyes was branhamella catarrhalis. a cause of otitis media, sinusitis, and lower respiratory infections, branhamella is a rare, opportunistic ocular pathogen which may be associated with meibomian gland dysfunction.	1989	2504803
[clinical studies on the secondary bacterial infection in respiratory syncytial virus infection of children].	secondary bacterial infection was studied on 231 children admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 10 years since 1987. of the 231 children, 56 (24.2%) had dual bacterial infection possibly due to secondary bacterial invasion. the diagnoses of bacterial disease were sepsis (2), pyothorax (2), pneumonias (41), otitis media (7), nasopharyngitis (2) and urinary tract infection (2). dual bacterial infections were more frequent in infants and children over 6 months than in inf ...	1989	2504838
[respiratory tract infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis in outpatients with pneumoconiosis].	to investigate the occurrence of branhamella catarrhalis respiratory tract infections in 109 outpatients with pneumoconiosis, clinical and bacteriological studies were performed during a 4-year period from april 1984 to march 1988. b. catarrhalis was isolated in 26 patients; only three of these received continuous corticosteroid treatment. the incidence of b. catarrhalis respiratory tract infections increased gradually during the years 1984-1986, but decreased for the first time in 1987 compared ...	1989	2506294
[in vitro comparative activity of five macrolides against 190 branhamella catarrhalis strains].	we compared the in vitro activity of 5 macrolides against 190 strains of branhamella catarrhalis; 48 strains were isolated at centre hospitalier, aix-en-provence, the 142 others were isolated during 1987, in 15 different centres-hospitaliers-généraux in france. 153 strains were betalactamase producing strains; no difference in susceptibility to erythromycin was observed on betalactamase producing and non producing strains. three active macrolides against 100% of strains were: erythromycin (mic 5 ...	1989	2506512
[in vitro activity of miocamycin compared with four other macrolides and with pristinamycin against branhamella catarrhalis].	the in vitro antibacterial activity of miocamycin was compared with four other macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin) and pristinamycin against 90 clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. sixty three strains were producing penicillinase. fourteen carbons macrolides and pristinamycin are more effective than sixteen carbons macrolides. in this group, miocamycin have the best activity. there were no significant diff ...	1989	2506513
[branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory infections].	given the increasing interest that branhamella catarrhalis is acquiring as a possible pathogen of the respiratory tract, we have studied 81 sputum samples of patients with respiratory problems with the aim of evaluating its clinical significance. in 22 of these patients (27.2%) the implication of b. catarrhalis could be established, either as a primary pathogen (40.9%) or in association with other pathogens, especially with haemophilus influenzae (36.4%). chronic bronchitis and bronchopneumonia ...	1989	2506614
effect of age on adherence of branhamella catarrhalis to buccal epithelial cells.	the role of adherence in the pathogenicity of branhamella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly was investigated. differential adherence of this organism to buccal epithelial cells of elderly inpatients, outpatients, and young controls was measured. the mean number of bacteria adherent per cell was 36.9 +/- 11.2, 40.2 +/- 6.1 and 16.5 +/- 12.8 for inpatient and outpatient elderly and young controls respectively (significantly different p less than 0.01, student's t test ...	1989	2507402
[branhamella catarrhalis--a pathogen or an innocent bystander].		1989	2507424
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia: report of 4 cases.	this is the first time branhamella catarrhalis has been identified as a lower respiratory tract pathogen in taiwan. all 4 patients with b. catarrhalis pneumonia reported herein had a certain degree of underlying pulmonary dysfunction. two patients had pure b. catarrhalis infection, whilst the other two had concomitant infections with haemophilus influenzae or viridans streptococci. amongst the 3 strains of b. catarrhalis examined, all were capable of producing beta-lactamase. by using the kirby- ...	1989	2507737
branhamella catarrhalis bronchopulmonary isolates in picu patients.	branhamella catarrhalis is commonly considered a respiratory commensal but has recently been implicated as a pathogen, particularly in adults. over a 28 month period, b. catarrhalis was isolated from bronchopulmonary secretions of 14 picu patients with acute respiratory infections. twelve patients had pneumonia and two had tracheitis. the mean age was 3.5 years. seven patients had chronic cardiopulmonary disease including two who were immunosuppressed. three had an acute underlying condition and ...	1989	2508048
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia with bacteremia.	a woman with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease developed pneumonia and bacteremia from branhamella catarrhalis. this is only the fifth reported case of pneumonia with bacteremia due to this organism, which was previously considered normal upper airway flora.	1989	2508240
[nosocomial pulmonary infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis in intensive care units].	branhamella catarrhalis, a normal inhabitant of the human nasopharynx, is an opportunistic agent that usually infects patients with underlying diseases. b. catarrhalis has become increasingly recognized as an important respiratory pathogen. from november 1985 to february 1988 we have diagnosed four b. catarrhalis nosocomial pulmonary infections in the adult pulmonary intensive care unit (icu) and eight in the pediatric icu. the origin of the contamination has remained unproven because of the lac ...	1989	2508505
respiratory symptoms due to branhamella catarrhalis and other neisseria species infections--response to erythromycin therapy.	neisseria microorganisms (neisseria lactamica, neisseria sicca, and neisseria mucosa) are regarded as normal respiratory commensals. branhamella catarrhalis (formerly neisseria catarrhalis) has also been regarded as a normal respiratory commensal, but reports indicate that it can be pathogenic. the role of neisseria spp was studied in 160 patients with chest infections and symptoms and signs of obstructive respiratory disease. group i patients (n = 140) had a history of asthma, bronchitis, and e ...	1989	2509070
a note on susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis to heavy metals.	the susceptibility of 56 strains of branhamella catarrhalis and ten neisseria spp. to arsenate, silver, nickel, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and molybdenum was tested with an agar dilution technique. all but two strains of b. catarrhalis were resistant to multiple metal ions. there were not sufficient differences in susceptibility, however, to allow the development of a typing scheme based on resistograms. heavy metal resistance in branhamella was unrelated to beta-l ...	1989	2509410
mixed bacterial and viral infections are common in children.	acute phase and convalescent sera from 51 pediatric patients who had a documented viral infection and no obvious culture-confirmed bacterial infection such as meningitis, otitis media or urinary tract infection were tested by enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis and by the latex agglutination test for pneumococcal antigens to evaluate the frequency of mixed bacterial and viral infections. a mixed bacterial and viral infection was documented in 1 ...	1989	2510121
branhamella catarrhalis infections.		1989	2510484
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of bo-1341, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin.	bo-1341, a new antipseudomonal semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. the in vitro activity of bo-1341 was generally superior or comparable to the activities of the reference antibiotics against clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae. bo-1341 was highly active against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic for 90% of the strains tested, 1.56 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas maltophilia ...	1989	2510590
tetracycline and erythromycin resistance among clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis.	we reviewed tetracycline and erythromycin disk diffusion susceptibility of 457 isolates of branhamella catarrhalis. four isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with mics for two available isolates of 16 micrograms/ml. sixteen isolates were in the moderately susceptible range for erythromycin, with an mic for one available isolate being greater than 8 micrograms/ml. these are the first tetracycline- and (by mic) erythromycin-resistant b. catarrhalis isolates reported from the united states.	1989	2510597
comparative evaluation of cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor for treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis.	cefuroxime axetil, a new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin, was compared with cefaclor for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in 106 adult patients. direct sinus aspirations for quantitative bacterial culture were done for all patients before treatment; aspiration was repeated for most patients after treatment. pretreatment sinus aspirates were positive for 63 of 134 sampled sinuses. of specimens yielding at least 10(4) cfu/ml, haemophilus influenzae (38%) and streptococcus p ...	1989	2510772
interaction between streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella catarrhalis obtained from double-colonized, healthy nasopharynx and double-infected, diseased middle ear cavity.	streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella catarrhalis were obtained from the double-colonized nasopharynx of 3 healthy carriers and from the double-infected middle ear cavity of 3 patients suffering from acute otitis media. the bacterial strains were isolated and injected both separately and together into brain-heart infusion broth. separately injected, both s. pneumoniae and b. catarrhalis survived in the broth for at least 48 h. when injected together, b. catarrhalis was completely suppressed a ...	1989	2511622
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral penem alp-201 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the new penem derivative alp-201 against 226 aerobic and 350 anaerobic clinical bacterial isolates was determined using agar dilution techniques. for comparison amoxicillin, cefaclor, ceftazidime, doxycycline, erythromycin, imipenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were also tested with aerobic bacteria, and cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole and piperacillin with anaerobic bacteria. alp-201 was found to be highly active against escherichia ...	1989	2512142
the significance of branhamella catarrhalis in bronchopulmonary infection--a case-control study.	data, including clinical features of bronchopulmonary infections, i.e. cough with purulent sputum, fever, peripheral blood leucocytosis, patchy pulmonary shadows on chest radiographs and the presence of crepitations or dullness on examination of the chest, were prospectively recorded in 107 consecutive adult patients whose expectorated sputum yielded branhamella-like bacterial colonies in routine cultures. subsequently, isolates from 26 patients were confirmed to be branhamella catarrhalis. of 8 ...	1989	2513358
branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of acute purulent pericarditis.		1989	2513360
esterase electrophoresis: a molecular tool for studying the epidemiology of branhamella catarrhalis nosocomial infection.	a new epidemiologic typing method based on electrophoresis of esterases had been developed for differentiating between clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis. twenty-two epidemiologically significant strains obtained from three chest units, a paediatric intensive care unit and a paediatric unit were compared with 54 randomly selected strains and 4 reference strains, including the species type strain, atcc 25238. thirty-four distinct zymotypes were characterized by polyacrylamide-agarose ge ...	1989	2514110
presence of branhamella catarrhalis alters the survival of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae in middle ear effusion: an in vitro study.	viable and non-viable b. catarrhalis were mixed together with s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae and injected into non-bacterial mucoid effusion material collected from the middle ear of patients with a present secretory otitis media. the samples were incubated at 37 degrees c. presence of viable b. catarrhalis could evidently prolong the survival of both s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae. presence of non-viable b. catarrhalis could also enhance the growth of s. pneumoniae, but not h. influenzae. in ...	1989	2514235
bacterial tracheitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis.		1989	2514416
bro beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and moraxella subgenus moraxella, including evidence for chromosomal beta-lactamase transfer by conjugation in b. catarrhalis, m. nonliquefaciens, and m. lacunata.	two closely related beta-lactamases, bro-1 and bro-2 (formerly called ravasio and 1908), are found in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. we screened strains of b. catarrhalis recovered in the united states since 1952 and identified the first beta-lactamase-positive isolate in august 1976. the prevalence of the enzymes among 394 clinical isolates from one texas hospital has averaged 75% since testing began in 1983. screening of isolates of moraxella subgenus moraxella revealed the bro enzymes i ...	1989	2514622
the comparative activity of lomefloxacin (sc-47111, ny-198) and other orally absorbable agents against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis.	we compared the in vitro activity of lomefloxacin with that of other agents against 336 strains of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis isolated from the respiratory tract of a predominantly adult and in-patient population. h. influenzae strains were usually not serotypable. no strains were resistant to lomefloxacin; all strains tested were susceptible to 0.25 micrograms/ml. the lomefloxacin mic50 and mic90 was 0.125 micrograms/ml.	1989	2515026
colonization with potentially pathogenic respiratory tract bacteria. a household study.	a group of 235 persons (180 adults and 55 children 0-15 years old) recorded symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection daily during two three-month periods (autumn 1986 and spring 1987). samples for culture were taken from the nasopharynx and throat once during each period. fifteen per cent of asymptomatic subjects harboured respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx, as did 28% of those subjects with minor respiratory tract infections and 46% of those with more severe respiratory tract infecti ...	1989	2516640
bronchiolitis like presentation of branhamella catarrhalis bronchopulmonary infection.		1989	2517124
[laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in the field of pediatrics].	laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin (te-031, a-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined upon oral administration on fasting of te-031 at doses of 5 mg/kg granules in 1 case and tablets in 2 cases, and 10 mg/kg granules in 1 and 15 mg/kg granules in 1. peak serum levels were obtained at 30 minutes in 2 case ...	1989	2526245
[clinical evaluation of clarithromycin in pediatric patients].	a clinical evaluation of clarithromycin (te-031, a-56268), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, was made for its efficacy and safety in 30 patients with ages ranging from 8 month-old to 12 year- 2 month-old with mycoplasmal and bacterial infections. the obtained results are summarized below. 1. a pharmacokinetic study following oral administration of te-031 at 10 mg/kg (granule) or 5.5 mg/kg (tablet) resulted in blood concentrations and urinary recovery rates higher than with other macrolid ...	1989	2526247
[bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on clarithromycin in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of clarithromycin].	clarithromycin (te-031, a-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic agent, was evaluated bacteriologically and clinically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. a summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. absorption and excretion pharmacokinetics of te-031 was examined by single oral administration of 10% granules and 50 mg tablets at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. there were no significant differences between ...	1989	2526259
[cefotetan in the therapy of respiratory infections. multicenter research].	in a controlled multicenter trial 291 patients have been treated with cefotetan. they suffered from acute or chronic exacerbated bronchopulmonary disorders. in 110 patients it was possible to identify the etiological agent: enterobacteria (62), non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli (10), haemophilus influenzae (8), branhamella catarrhalis (1), streptococcus pneumoniae (19), staphylococcus aureus (12), streptococcus pyogenes (4). in the exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (203), cefotetan was ge ...	1989	2530028