Publications

[exploration of natural foci of tularemia and plague in armenia using the serological examination of bird droppings and excrements of predatory mammals].	forty strains of tularemia and 619 of plague microbes were isolated in 1974 in bacteriological examination of natural plague and tularemia foci from a great number of small mammals and their ectoparasites. at the same time in serological examination (in the antibody neutralization test) of bird pellets, 52 mummified cadavers, and 34 excretion samples of mammalian beasts of prey collected in armenia (its central and north-western part) in 1973 the antigen of tularemia microbe was revealed in 73, ...	1978	149478
[sensitivity to the differential dose of erythromycin and oleandomycin of various holarctic strains of tularemia microbe isolated in the kazakh ssr].	the presence of strains of holarctic race of tuleremia microbe, both sensitive and resistant to the differential doses of erythromycine and oleandomycine was revealed at the territoryn of kazakh ssr. the existence of such strains does not permit to differentiate them into geographical races by the sensitivity to erythromycine and oleandomycine.	1978	150182
[geographical race typing of the causative agent of tularemia using antibiotics].	reaction of the strains of the tularemia causative agent to erythromycin (100 gamma/ml) or oleandomycin (400 gamma/ml) is one of the taxonomic tests. the study of 82 strains of the holarctic race and 63 strains of the central asiatic race according to this test showed that the strains of the holarctic race were divided with respect to these macrolides into sensitive (biotype i) and resistant (biotype ii). the strains of the both races were isolated at the territory of the kazakh ssr. such a reac ...	1978	151527
[study of f. tularensis susceptibility to erythromycin in vitro (author's transl)].		1978	151594
[effectiveness of the tularemia-antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agent for the detection of specific antigen and antibodies to it].	the authors demonstrated the efficacy of utilization of tularemia antibody erythrocytic diagnostic agent. data are presented indicating a strict specificity and a high sensitivity of this diagnostic agent for detection of the vi-antigen both in the tularemia microbe cultures and in the suspensions of the organs of rodents which perished of tularemia, irrespective of the state of cadaver. there was revealed relationship between the sensitivity of the diagnostic agent and the virulence of the tula ...	1978	78604
activated lymphocytes trigger lymphoblast extravasation.		1978	96942
a serologic survey of mule deer and elk in utah.	sera from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus canadensis) in central and northern utah were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to 11 diseases communicable to man or domestic livestock. antibodies to francisella tularensis (at 1:20) were found in 47 of 88 (53.4%) elk and 1 of 89 (1.1%) deer. a screening slide agglutination test for titers to brucella (at 1:20) showed two reactors in elk but none in deer sera. no positive antibody titers were obtained in tests for anaplasmosis, co ...	1978	105153
[accelerated diagnostic cultivation of pathogenic environmental microbes. ii. accelerated diagnostic cultivation of the causative agents of anthropozoonotic plague, glamders, melioidosis, brucellosis and tularemia].		1978	106632
changes in whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys with experimental respiratory francisella tularensis infection.	grivet monkeys infected with virulent francisella tularensis strain schu s4 showed significant early changes in serum levels of trace metals, triglycerides and activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. free amino acid levels decreased slightly and there was a marked increase in the phenylalanine: tyrosine ratio. serum lysozyme activity and seromucoid levels also increased. kanamycin therapy produced remission of overt signs but the changes ...	1978	106870
tularemia in a group of nonhuman primates.	in an episode of tularemia in a canadian zoologic garden, three black and red tamarins (sanguinus nigricollis) and one talapoin (cercopithecus talapoin) died. a second talapoin developed abscesses in the tongue and submandibular area; this animal recovered with treatment. francisella tularensis was isolated from lung, liver, and spleen from each dead monkey and from pus collected from the tongue abscess of the sick talapoin. the attending veterinarian contracted the disease from a tamarin bite. ...	1979	118145
human tularemia at an urban zoo.		1979	120758
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunological diagnosis of human tularemia.	the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was applied for immunological diagnosis of human tularemia, using lipopolysaccharide from francisella tularensis as antigen. sera collected from patients, healthy individuals, and vaccinated volunteers were investigated for antibodies against f. tularensis by elisa and tube agglutination. in elisa all sera were titrated with a polyspecific anti-immunoglobulin enzyme conjugate. a limited number of consecutive sera from individual patients were also in ...	1979	120873
[survival capacity of certain pathogens under environmental conditions].		1979	103703
[bactericidal effect of peracetic acid on francisella tularensis (author's transl)].		1979	156076
isolation of francisella tularensis from mites haemogamasus nidi and laelaps hilaris in western slovakia.	isolating of f. tularensis from gamasid mites h. nidi parasitizing on the bank vole (cl. glareolus) and l. hilaris on the common vole (m. arvalis) are reported. the epidemiological significance of this finding is discussed.	1979	388944
isolation of pathogens other than yersinia pestis during plague investigations.	from 1975 to 1978, 37 isolates of pasteurella multocida, 1 of salmonella enteriditis, and 5 of francisella tularensis were recovered from 42 mammalian specimens and 1 flea pool submitted for examination for evidence of infection with yersinia pestis. most of the specimens were collected during investigations of either a human plague infection or a reported epizootic among rodent populations. all specimens were of species regularly or occasionally involved in plague or tularemia cycles in nature ...	1979	392123
tularemia pneumonia in washington, dc. a report of three cases with possible common-source exposures.	in june 1978, three cases of tularemia pneumonia occurred in persons residing in the washington, dc, area. the patients, all men, became ill three to four days after a brief session training their hunting dogs in an undeveloped wooded area adjacent to a housing complex. one of the dogs, which later died, had captured a wild rabbit during the training session. all three men had handled the rabbit while familiarizing their dogs with the rabbit's scent. the men had no other common exposure that was ...	1979	573806
clinical, epidemiological and therapeutical experience with human tularaemia: the role of hamster hunters.	fifty patients suffering from tularaemia were treated in our department. the most frequent occupation of the tularaemia patients was hamster hunter. the most important source of the tularaemic infection (90%) was the hamster (cricetus cricetus). we observed the cutano-glandular form in 90% of the patients and internal tularaemia in 10%. the antibiotics used (streptomycin i. m., oxytetracycline and doxycycline per os) were effective.	1979	437894
pneumonic tularemia on martha's vineyard.		1979	481515
resistance to tick-borne francisella tularensis by tick-sensitized rabbits: allergic klendusity.	mammals become hypersensitive to ticks that feed upon them. that hypersensitivity was thought responsible for an observation that a large number of francisella tularensis-infected dermacentor variabilis failed to infect a rabbit previously exposed to ticks of that species. in a series of tests of that hypothesis, rabbits sensitized to ticks were often significantly more resistant than control animals to tick-borne tularemia. the conditions that determine the klendusity are thought to be variable ...	1979	484770
tuleremia in the raven (corvus corax).		1979	492969
role of the liver in regulation of ketone body production during sepsis.	during caloric deprivation, the septic host may fail to develop ketonemia as an adaptation to starvation. because the plasma ketone body concentration is a function of the ratio of hepatic production and peripheral usage, a pneumococcal sepsis model was used in rats to measure the complex metabolic events that could account for this failure, including the effects of infection on lipolysis and esterification in adipose tissue, fatty acid transport in plasma and the rates of hepatic ketogenesis an ...	1979	500825
[present-day problems of natural foci and the prevention of tularemia].		1979	506600
[further study of a natural focus of tularemia on biriuchiĭ island].		1979	516954
time of lymphocyte response after onset of tularemia and after tularemia vaccination.	blood lymphocytes were prepared from 6 patients at various time intervals after the onset of tularemia and from 10 subjects after vaccination against this disease. lymphocytes were also prepared from subjects who had been vaccinated 1 and 2 years previously. the lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of membranes of the vaccine strain. lymphocytes obtained 2 weeks or later after onset of the disease responded to the membranes with increased deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, whereas lymphocyte ...	1979	521485
cellular fatty acid composition of francisella tularensis.	several unusual fatty acids characterized strains of francisella tularensis. long-chain (c20-c26) acids and the hydroxy acids 2-hydroxy-decanoate, 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoate, and 3-hydroxy-octadecanoate appeared to be of special diagnostic value.	1979	521490
antigenic composition of a vaccine strain of francisella tularensis.	the antigenic composition of the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis was investigated. ether-water extracts, water-soluble material from freeze-pressed bacteria and detergent-eluted material from bacterial envelope were allowed to react in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antiserum against disintegrated bacteria of the vaccine strain. ten antigenic factors were distinguished in an ether extract. when the extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate 15 antigenic ...	1980	6153169
evaluation of a safranin-o-stained antigen microagglutination test for francisella tularensis antibodies.	a microagglutination test for francisella tularensis, with 0.025-ml amounts of diluted sera and 0.025-ml amounts of safranin-o-stained antigen in u-bottom microtitration plates, was compared with a tube agglutination test by using 137 sera. there was 86.3% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) between the microagglutination results and the tube agglutination results for sera with tube agglutination titers of greater than or equal to 20. there was 100% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) for sera ...	1980	6153660
[examination of a natural tularemia focus in the crimea using a passive hemagglutination reaction system].		1980	6445649
[biological properties of the strains f. tularensis isolated in slovakia (author's transl)].		1980	6448103
[isolation of the causative agent of tularemia from an inoculum from skin lesions in the ulcerobubonic form of the disease].	a case of tularemia in a human patient infected through the sting of a gadfly (tabanus) is described. the causative agent of the disease was isolated from the patient with the ulcerobubonic form of the disease by the method of the direct inoculation of the contents of the patient's cutaneous effect. the properties of the isolated culture were established; the strain thus obtained was classified as a representative of the geographical race francisella tularensis holarctica 01s. the causative agen ...	1980	6449122
bacterial immunizations.		1980	6766272
glucose and alanine metabolism during bacterial infections in rats and rhesus monkeys.	to investigate the effects of bacterial infection on glucose and alanine metabolism, a variety of studies were carried out in rat and monkey models. these included glucose turnover by a pulse-dose technique in infected rats; alanine and glucose production and utilization in control and septic monkeys; in vivo measurement of gluconeogenesis in rats, with and without an alanine load; the in vitro rate of glucose formation from various substrates by isolated liver perfusion and hepatic cells; and i ...	1980	6768954
[current status of vaccine treatment of zoonotic infections].		1980	6776687
[characteristics of microbial multiplication in parenterally infected xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera) fleas].	being inoculated parenterally various microbes cause the fleas x. cheopis a stable infection which, as a rule, is preserved in experimental insects to the end of life. reproducing intensively listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium caused the death of all ectoparasites in 3 to 5 days. the increase in abundance of escherichia coli, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica and vaccine strains of y. pestis "ev" and francisella tularensis went on gradually and infected fleas lived up ...	1980	6780964
[development of a serological micromethod for the detection of antibodies against francisella tularensis].		1980	6982628
a probable endocrine basis for the depression of ketone bodies during infectious or inflammatory state in rats.	the effects of infection with streptococcus pneumoniae, francisella tularensis, and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus as well as inflammatory stress induced by the administration of turpentine and endotoxin on plasma ketone bodies and insulin were studied in white rats. all of the infectious/inflammatory stresses caused a significant decrease in the ketonemia of fasting and an elevation of plasma insulin. when a pneumococcal infection was initiated in a diabetic rat, inhibition of fasting ket ...	1980	6993191
[technic of studying microorganism viability in a simulated aerosol state on fiberglass microfilaments].	a specially developed method of studying the viability of microorganisms in the simulated aerosol state on glass microfibers was used to show that the survival rate of e. coli and f. tularensis on fiber-glass spheres was similar to that in true aerosol, as observed in a static aerosol chamber. the proposed method allows to study the viability of microbial cells after prolonged existence in aerosol under any environmental condition both in open spaces and closed rooms.	1980	7001815
cell-mediated immunity against francisella tularensis after natural infection.	31 subjects with tularemia recently or up to 11 years earlier were studied for cell-mediated immunity against francisella tularensis using formalin-killed bacteria as antigen in the lymphocyte blast transformation test. lymphocytes from all the subjects responded to f. tularensis antigen both in separated mononuclear cell and whole blood cultures, whereas lymphocytes from 12 controls responded not at all or only weakly to hig antigen concentrations and only in separated mononuclear cell cultures ...	1980	7006062
influence of complement on the chemiluminescent response of human leukocytes to immune complex.	vaccine bacteria of francisella tularensis were mixed with human serum containing specific antibodies against the same organism, and the mixture was incubated at 37 degrees c for 30 min. the mixture induced a two-peak chemiluminescent response in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. the initial peak was induced by a soluble agent, formed during incubation. the formation of this agent involved the activation of complement component c5. the second peak of the chemiluminescent response was induced by the ...	1980	7011971
sensitivity to macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin in francisella tularensis holarctica.	among the 345 f. tularensis holarctica strains isolated in europe, asia and north america, two variants were found: one sensitive and the other resistant to erythromycin, oleandomycin and lincomycin. these characteristics were not associated with virulence, antigenicity, biochemical activity or source of isolation and displayed high stability in passages in laboratory animals or multiple passages in culture media. the two variants are proposed to be designated as biotype (biovar) i, erythromycin ...	1980	7190590
detection of enzootic territories and exploration of tularemia epizootics in different types of natural foci of this infection by serological examination of bird pellets and the excrements of beasts of prey.	serological analysis (reaction of antibody neutralization) of pellets of birds and excrements of beasts of prey for the presence of tularemia microbe antigen is an efficient method of detection and investigation of epizootics in all types of natural foci of the infection and also for the exploration of new focal territories. the method permits with small expenditure of labour and within a short time, to collect material characterizing the epizootic process on a large territory. tularemia epizoot ...	1980	7190592
demonstration of opsonizing antibodies to francisella tularensis by leukocyte chemiluminescence.	twenty-three individuals were vaccinated with a viable attenuated strain of francisella tularensis, and blood was collected at various time intervals during 4 weeks. to demonstrate opsonizing antibodies, a mixture of serum and vaccine bacteria was incubated, whereafter the chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes to this mixture was recorded. no opsonizing antibodies against f. tularensis were found in sera obtained before vaccination. eleven days after vaccination, sera ...	1980	7216416
differential alterations in host peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence during the course of bacterial and viral infections.	previous studies have shown that stimulation of the oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) by in vitro phagocytosis of various microorganisms results in photon emission, termed chemiluminescence (cl). studies were conducted to determine whether bacterial and viral infections induce enhanced basal endogenous host peripheral pmn cl in the absence of in vitro phagocytic stimulation. nonimmune rats and guinea pigs as well as immune rats were inoculated with various doses (10(5) t ...	1980	7228389
treatment of tularemia, including pulmonary tularemia, with gentamicin.	an alternative to streptomycin for treatment of possible tularemia would be useful on occasions when a patient develops a perplexing pneumonia that does not respond to initial treatment. in geographic areas where tularemia is endemic, an antimicrobial drug that is bactericidal for francisella tularensis and is also effective against a spectrum of common pulmonary pathogens, including the enterobacteriaceae and most strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, would be desirable. the purposes of this repor ...	1980	7352712
cross-reaction to legionella pneumophila antigen in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei.	a significantly greater incidence (p less than 0.005) of legionella pneumophila microagglutination titers greater than or equal to 32 was found in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei as compared with sera with negative titers for p. pseudomallei antibodies. the greater incidence of l. pneumophila titers in these sera suggests that l. pneumophila and p. pseudomallei share an antigen. the incidence of l. pneumophila microagglutination titers of greater than or equal to 32 in sera ...	1980	7354127
[characteristics of the tularemia prevention measures in the natural foci of the carpathian region].		1980	7376572
host resistance to tick-borne pathogens by virtue of resistance to tick infestation.		1980	7377869
[cross immunity to plague and tularemia].		1980	7395403
[method of detecting bacteriocins in the agent of tularemia].		1980	7415670
mechanisms of protective immunogenicity of microbial vaccines: effects of cyclophosphamide pretreatment in venezuelan encephalitis, q fever and tularaemia.	administration of high-dose (250 mg/kg) cyclophosphamide (cy) to guinea-pigs and mice 3 days prior to immunization with inactivated vaccine derived from venezuelan encephalitis virus (ve), coxiella burnetii and francisella tularensis resulted in accentuated and prolonged delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) and in vitro cellular immunity (cmi) to specific antigen. humoral antibody were either absent or significantly lower in cy-pretreated animals compared to immunized non-pretreated controls. cy ...	1980	7438552
glucan-induced enhancement of host resistance to selected infectious diseases.	we conducted studies with mice, rats, and monkeys which demonstrated the ability of glucan to induce either nonspecific or specific enhancement of host resistance to infectious diseases. intravenous pretreatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced the survival of mice challenged with either venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus or rift valley fever virus. pretreatment was beneficial when initiated 3 days before challenge with vee virus and 7 days before challenge with rift valle ...	1980	7439978
[peroxidase activity of tularemia bacteria].		1981	7234236
[leukocytolysis reaction and the neutrophil damage test as methods of demonstrating allergy to francisella tularensis].		1981	7269912
tularemia simulating acute myocardial infarction.		1981	7299963
case report. tularemia in ohio: report of two cases and clinical review.	although unusual, human tularemia continues to be reported from areas of the united states which are not heavily endemic for the disease. two patients with ulceroglandular tularemia diagnosed in ohio are described. the causative microorganism, francisella tularensis, is a small, pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus which requires special microbiological media for laboratory isolation. in nature, the organism is usually transmitted to man by the handling of infected animal tissues and body flu ...	1981	7315867
[further study of intraspecific taxonomy of francisella tularensis].		1981	7331604
[natural focus of tularemia on the kerchen peninsula (crimea)].	the study confirming the existence of the steppe-type natural focus of tularemia on the kerch peninsula has been carried out. for the first time the cultures of francisella tularensis have been isolated. voles and house mice play the main role in the circulation of the infection. the parasitic system comprises ticks (ixodidae and nyalomma), as well as some species of fleas. in carrying out erizootological studies for detecting tularemia in the crimea the use of low temperature (0 degrees c) for ...	1981	7331615
modulation of the immune response by aerodin. ii. influence on the antiinfectious resistance in rabbits and guinea pigs experimentally infected by francisella tularensis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.		1981	7332454
respiratory tularemia: comparison of selected routes of vaccination in fischer 344 rats.	fischer 344 rats were given the attenuated live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis by small-particle aerosol, intranasal instillation, or intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection. all of the vaccinated rats developed subclinical infection by 3 days after exposure, which cleared by day 28. temporal patterns and concentrations of the live vaccine strain organism within the hosts were dependent on the route of vaccination. pathological alterations were limited to minimal lung ...	1981	7333669
[morphological studies for invasion and intracellular growth of f. tularensis in cultured cells (author's transl)].		1981	7345173
the use of fa-technique for detecting francisella tularensis in formalin fixed material. a method useful in routine post mortem work.		1981	7046398
towards serodiagnosis of serratia marcescens infections: examination of sera from noninfected patients and from experimentally infected rabbits for anti-h and anti-o antibodies; s. marcescens o-antigen cross-reactions with those of other enterobacteriaceae.	sera from 100 patients not infected with serratia marcescens at the time of hospital admission lacked detectable h-immobilizing antibodies against all 20 currently recognized h-antigens of this microorganism. however, various patient sera revealed elevated titers of o-agglutinins against several of the 20 o-antigens of s. marcescens, in a particular o-antigens, o1, o3, o4, o5, o7, o8, o10, o11, o16, o17, o18, o19, and o20. rabbit anti-shigella serogroup b immune serum cross-reacted with s. marce ...	1981	7036590
[effective method of detecting winter epizootics of tularemia].		1981	6454317
[experience with a bacteriologic and serologic study of a tularemia epizootic in rodents in a natural focus of the meadow and field type].	the autumn-winter (1977-1978) tularemia epizootic in small murine rodents was revealed and studied at the natural focus of the meadow and field type in the south of the moscow region. the efficacy of the serologic method (the antibody neutralization test) of studying the organs of the caught rodents and the bodies of dead rodents was found to be greater than that of the traditional bacteriologic methods (26.6% and 9.6%, respectively). the serologic study of 908 specimens of avian excrements coll ...	1981	6454319
serologic survey for selected microbial agents in mammals from alberta, 1976.	blood samples were taken from humans and several species of free-ranging wild mammals from five different geographic areas of alberta, canada. sera were tested for antibody to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, powassan (pow) virus, the snowshoe hare (ssh) strain of the california group (cal) of viruses, northway (nor) virus, klamath (kla) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and two bacteria, bru ...	1981	6273600
induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials.	factors contributing to protection against experimental tuberculosis have been studied with refined and well-characterized fractions from mycobacteria and with certain unrelated antigens. mice were vaccinated intravenously with various combinations of materials presented on minute oil droplets in saline emulsion and were later challenged by aerosol. the minimal composition of an effective vaccine was p3 (a trehalose mycolate similar to cord factor) plus an antigen, which could be tuberculo-prote ...	1982	6805154
[cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax].	the immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. the study base ...	1982	6812331
[activation of natural tularemia foci of the field-meadow and steppe types on the territory of tula province 1977-1978].	natural tularemia foci of the meadow and steppe type are extremely stable and become active in those years when the most favourable living conditions for rodents appear. for the first time during the last 30 years a great increase in the number of common voles, accompanied by widely spread epizooty covering the whole territory of the tula region, was observed. house mice, common field mice, harvest mice and black rats were also involved in this epizooty and 235 tularemia patients with all clinic ...	1982	6211008
[results of prolonged study of flood plain-swamp endemic foci of tularemia, and its prophylaxis in the leningrad region].	the results of a prolonged (more than 18 years), comprehensive study have revealed that stable natural foci of tularemia in backwater swamps are widely spread in the leningrad region. these foci are located in the narrow swampy flood-plains of small watercourses with adjacent meadow areas among forests. water from such small watercourses can often serve as the indicator of the epizootic process: during the above-mentioned period 346 francicella tularensis strain have been isolated from water and ...	1982	6211873
[experimental latent tularemia in common voles].	common voles (microtus subarvalis) were infected with tularemia by feeding them with the corpses of the animals which had been infected with francisella tularensis strain having somewhat decreased virulence. this resulted in nonlethal infection in 14 out of 433 voles used in the experiment. a considerable part of the animals having had the infection developed bacterial carriership (11 out of 13 animals) with bacteriuria (8 out of 11 animals) lasting up to 2 months. the persistence of francisella ...	1982	7043979
tularemia in canada with a focus on saskatchewan.	although rare among humans in canada, tularemia is often endemic in wildlife. the inhabitants of rural areas are especially likely to be exposed to the causative bacterium, francisella tularensis, through trapping or through the bites of arthropods. muskrats have replaced rabbits as the principal source of infection, as illustrated by a familial outbreak of oropharyngeal tularemia in saskatchewan. in humans the disease has six distinct forms and can be asymptomatic, but it generally comes to med ...	1982	7046896
"muskrat fever": two outbreaks of tularemia near montreal.		1982	7046897
the effects of strenuous exercise on infection with francisella tularensis in rats.	to investigate the effects of strenuous forced exercise on the course and complications of a bacterial infection and on myocardial responses and performance capacity, rats with tularemia (characterized by pyogranulomatous hepatic and splenic lesions) were exercised by swimming on days 0-6 of infection. levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases in plasma, densities of pyogranulomatous lesions, and bacterial counts in blood, liver, and spleen were similar in exercising and resting r ...	1982	7077093
antibodies to francisella tularensis in the snowshoe hare (lepus americanus struthopus) populations of nova scotia and prince edward island and in the moose (alces alces americana clinton) population of nova scotia.		1982	7093820
cell-mediated and humoral immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine.	live attenuated francisella tularensis vaccine induced long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in all 13 subjects studied. lymphocyte blast transformation reactivity to f. tularensis appeared 2 weeks after vaccination in most subjects and remained unchanged for up to 1.5 years. similarly, in most recipients, antibodies against f. tularensis were detectable by both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the agglutination method from 2 weeks after vaccination, although d ...	1982	7095859
[detection of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in francisella tularensis].	the activity of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (alpha-nae) has been studied in francisella tularensis strains belonging to 3 subspecies. alpha-nae has been detected spectrophotometrically in native cells and cell extracts of the virulent nonarctic strains schu and cole, holarctic virulent strain no. 503/841 and holarctic vaccine strain no. 15/10, central asian virulent strain no. 543, as well as their attenuated variants. in all the strains studied the presence of 7 alpha-nae isoenzymes has bee ...	1982	7113529
[study of a natural focus of tularemia in the small carpathian mountains].		1982	7139368
infraspecific taxonomy of tularemia agent francisella tularensis mccoy et chapin.	the authors investigated 286 strains of the tularemia microbe isolated in a number of countries of the old and the new world from humans, hares, rodents, ticks, water and other objects, including 217 strains from the ussr and 69 strains from other countries. as a result, the earlier observed subspecific differences in the biological properties of the tularemia strains isolated in different regions were reconfirmed on an extensive material. it is proposed to designate the three subspecies disting ...	1982	7142690
immunity against francisella tularensis in northern finland.	immunity against francisella tularensis in northern finland was studied by antibody determination and by the lymphocyte blast transformation test previously shown to reliably demonstrate immunity to tularemia. seven out of 1072 (0.7%) red cross volunteer blood donors from the rural areas around oulu had agglutinating antibodies with a titre of 80 or higher, and 5 (0.5%) also had cell-mediated reactivity against f. tularensis. none of them was aware of ever having had tularemia, and only 1 recoll ...	1982	7146829
[resistance to the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in immunization with live tularemia vaccine].	guinea pigs immunized with live tularemia vaccine have been found to possess pronounced resistance to venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection. antiviral resistance induced by the vaccine has been found to persist for 1 month. one of the possible mechanisms, though not the only one, of this resistance is the stimulation of macrophages by tularemia vaccine, which results in the enhancement of their resistance to the cytotoxic action of the virus.	1982	7148228
reduction of brucella species and francisella tularensis cross-reacting agglutinins by dithiothreitol.	cross-reaction agglutinin titers to brucella abortus antigen were found in 42 of 128 tularemia serum specimens, and cross-reaction titers to francisella tularensis antigen were found in 8 of 34 brucellosis serum specimens. the cross-reaction titers were reduced to 10 or less by dithiothreitol, suggesting that the titers are due to immunoglobulin m antibody.	1982	7153327
mothers of infants with neonatal group b streptococcal septicemia are poor responders to bacterial carbohydrate antigens.	serum antibodies against various carbohydrate antigens were studied in 16 mothers of infants with serious infections caused by group b streptococci (gbs) (the study group), and compared with a control group of 29 urogenital carriers of gbs who gave birth to neonatally healthy infants. using a radioimmunoassay for the determination of antibodies to gbs types ia, ib, ii and iii, it was found that the study group had significantly lower levels of igg antibodies to each of the 4 gbs types than the c ...	1982	7035374
[disinfection of fresh-frozen sections of ticks infected with the causative agent of tularemia in histoenzymatic studies].		1982	6750344
tularemia.	a 37-year-old woman experienced local symptoms on returning from a camping trip. within three weeks she developed generalized symptoms and was hospitalized. tularemia, and often overlooked cause of bubo formation, is endemic in nevada. the diagnosis should be considered when patients who have visited such an area present with enlarged, painful lymph nodes, skin pustules, ulcers, headache, myalgia, malaise and nausea. cultures tend to be negative, because the causative organism, francisella tular ...	1982	21286087
landmark perspective: tularemia.	the landmark studies on tularemia by dr francis have been recognized by designating the causative organism francisella tularensis rather than bacterium tularense. a review of his original 1925 article clearly demonstrates the lasting value of critical clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory studies. except for expansion of knowledge concerning some aspects of the epidemiology and clinical spectrum and advances in treatment and prevention, the 1925 article is as contemporary as the current litera ...	1983	6358566
tularemia in children.		1983	6361709
[culture properties of the causative agent of tularemia isolated in natural foci in stavropol territory, the kalmyk assr and the armenian ssr].	the strains isolated in natural foci of the stavropol territory and the armenian ssr have been found to belong to the holarctic race of francisella tularensis, biovar ii. in natural foci of the kalmyk assr the strains belonging to biovars i and ii have been isolated. the study of the tularecinogenicity of the cultures has revealed the existence of strains which are not sensitive to their own tularecins. the phenomenon of tularecinogenicity in f. novocida has been established. avirulent strain 31 ...	1983	6220538
[biological characteristics of spectinomycin-resistant strains of the tularemia pathogen].	sensitivity of 2 subspecies of the tularemia causative agent to spectinomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in vitro. the mic of the antibiotic with respect to strains 503/847 and schu was 40 micrograms/ml and with respect to strain a-cole 20 micrograms/ml. the frequency of spontaneous spectinomycin resistant mutants was low. the mutants grown on a medium containing spectinomycin in a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml were highly resistant to the antibiotic (at least 10000 microgra ...	1983	6224461
[detection of the tularemia zoonosis in the territory of the kartlian plain].	the natural focus of tularemia was found to cover the whole territory of the kartlian plain. epizooty occurred mainly among common voles with the involvement of insectivorous voles. hard ticks, gamasids and fleas infected with francisella tularensis were detected. rodents highly sensitive to tularemia can be affected by this infection. water rats were not involved into the enzootic process. further studies are necessary for the final solution of this problem.	1983	6225274
tularemia complicated by acute renal failure.	acute renal failure has been a rare, uniformly fatal complication of infection with francisella tularensis. the literature suggests that either acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, or glomerulonephritis may be responsible for this syndrome. we have described a patient with tularemia who had nonoliguric acute renal failure probably due to interstitial nephritis and who recovered slowly but spontaneously during antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline.	1983	6823614
phagocytosis and killing of francisella tularensis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	bacteria of a wild strain of francisella tularensis were less efficiently killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than were bacteria of an attenuated strain. this finding was explained to some extent by a less efficient phagocytosis, but bacteria of the wild strain also seemed to be more resistant to killing after ingestion.	1983	6832815
a serological survey of antibodies against francisella tularensis in some swedish mammals.	tularemia occurs in sweden as an epizootic among the mountain hare. little is known about the occurrence of the disease in other animals in this country. for this reason serum samples from 28 cattle, 83 moose, 110 beavers and 97 mountain hares were investigated for the presence of antibodies against francisella tularensis. the antibody levels against f. tularensis found in moose and cattle were generally low and also in a low incidence. this indicates that these species are not susceptible to tu ...	1983	6878028
granulomatous pleuritis caused by francisella tularensis: possible confusion with tuberculous pleuritis.	granulomatous pleuritis, diagnosed by pleural biopsy, is rarely caused by disease processes other than tuberculosis. we present a case of granulomatous pleuritis caused by francisella tularensis that occurred in a 55-yr-old male sheep shearer with an exudative, lymphocytic, pleural effusion. confirmation of the diagnosis was made by elevated serum agglutination titers against f. tularensis and detection of the organism in a pleural biopsy specimen by the glucose oxidase immunoenzyme technique. w ...	1983	6881689
clinically mild tularemia associated with tick-borne francisella tularensis.	between may 9 and july 3, 1979, 12 cases of glandular or ulceroglandular tularemia occurred in residents of the crow indian reservation in southcentral montana; only 13 cases had been reported from this geographic area in the preceding 25 years. the illness was mild, characterized by fever and cervical or occipital adenopathy. systemic symptoms were self-limited although residual lymphadenopathy was common. francisella tularensis was isolated from ticks (dermacentor variabilis), the suspected ve ...	1983	6886487
[mechanism of natural penicillin resistance in the causative agent of tularemia].	beta-lactamase and penicillinacylase were detected in the tularemia causative agent. these enzymes participated in the mechanism of natural resistance of the microorganisms to penicillins. it was shown that the growth temperature had a significant effect on the beta-lactamase activity. the penicillin resistance marker was not eliminated with the use of acridine orange, ethidium bromide or sodium dodecylsulfate.	1983	6605111
[isolation and purification of penicillinase from francisella tularensis].	beta-lactamase was isolated from the cells of a penicillinase-producing strain of the tularemia causative agent. it was purified 100 times. by its properties (the substrate profile, km, temperature optimum and thermostability) beta-lactamase differed from penicillinases isolated from other sources.	1983	6606391
tularemia pneumonia mimicking legionnaires' disease: isolation of organism on cye agar and successful treatment with erythromycin.	a 46-year-old man showed a clinical response when treated with parenteral erythromycin for what was initially thought to be legionnaires' disease, but an organism isolated from his pleural fluid on cye agar was subsequently identified as francisella tularensis. tularemia should be suspected in all cases of atypical pneumonia in the appropriate setting. erythromycin may be effective empiric therapy in such cases. because of the possibility of inadvertent isolation of francisella tularensis on cye ...	1983	6612398
[the effect of aerosolization on the changes in major biological properties of the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis].	the exposure of f. tularensis vaccine strain 15/10 in the form of aerosol for more than 10 minutes results in the decrease of its virulence, immunogenicity and the content of species-specific antigen and in the increase of the dissociation level. proceeding from this fact, during aerosol immunization with this vaccine strain exposure must not exceed 5 minutes for unstabilized aerosol and 10 minutes for aerosol stabilized with 5% glycerin. under these conditions the properties of f. tularensis st ...	1983	6613417
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate antigen for igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis: comparison with bacterial agglutination test and elisa with lipopolysaccharide antigen.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate (s) as antigen developed for determining the presence of igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis was compared with the bacterial agglutination (ba) test and a corresponding elisa using lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen. of the organisms tested, f tularensis was the only one to cause significant inhibition, indicating the specificity of the s-elisa. ba test titers correlated significantly with antibody levels in al ...	1983	6631062