Publications

dermatologic manifestations in hiv-infected patients: a primary care perspective.	to document the prevalence of dermatologic manifestations in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on presentation to primary medical care.	1999	10405693
maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (boston, usa) and in an area with a low incidence (shanghai, china) of breast cancer.	characteristics probably associated with the fetal hormonal milieu have recently been shown to increase (birth size indicators, prematurity, neonatal jaundice) or decrease (pregnancy toxaemia) breast cancer risk in the female offspring. however, it is unknown whether differences in pregnancy hormone levels may contribute to the marked geographical variation in breast cancer incidence. we have compared, in a highly standardized manner, pregnancy hormone levels in a population with high incidence ...	1999	10408685
a 15-year experience with varicella infections in a pediatric burn unit.	because of their well described global immunosuppression, varicella infection may be hazardous in burned children. it is therefore important to prevent cross-infections within pediatric burn units. we describe a 15-year experience with varicella in a pediatric burn unit, focusing on the morbidity associated with the infection and measures that have been effective in the prevention of cross-infection. we found that varicella infection in acutely burned children is associated with pneumonitis, but ...	1999	10431985
elevated plasma eotaxin levels in patients with acute asthma.	the eosinophil chemotactic and activating effects of eotaxin and the known association of eosinophils with asthma suggest that eotaxin expression is increased during asthma exacerbations.	1999	10518822
annual summary of vital statistics--1998.	most vital statistics indicators of the health of americans were stable or showed modest improvements between 1997 and 1998. the preliminary birth rate in 1998 was 14.6 births per 1000 population, up slightly from the record low reported for 1997 (14.5). the fertility rate, births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, increased 1% to 65.6 in 1998, compared with 65.0 in 1997. the 1998 increases, although modest, were the first since 1990, halting the steady decline in the number of births and birth ...	1999	10585972
toward the incrimination of epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in massachusetts: abundance of mosquito populations at epidemic foci.	putative epidemic/epizootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) vector populations were compared at 15 recent (1982-90) human and horse case sites in bristol and plymouth counties in southeastern massachusetts. carbon dioxide-baited american biophysics corporation light traps were used for trapping adult mosquitoes to estimate biting risk in these foci of known transmission. population data suggest that coquillettidia perturbans, aedes canadensis, and culex salinarius are more likely ve ...	1999	10612612
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1998.	during 1998, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. more than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). decreases were evident in al ...	1999	10613210
tradition of basic and applied pigment cell research in marseilles.	melanogenesis, thyroid hormones and catecholamines synthesis share the same amino acid, free l-tyrosine for melanogenesis and catecholamines synthesis, l-tyrosine residues for thyroid hormones synthesis. the author describes basic and applied research on melanogenesis and thyroid hormones metabolism in biochemistry laboratory, school of medicine, marseilles since his arrival in 1962. he gives a short review of his participation in these two areas during his career in marseilles, yaoundé and bost ...	1999	10643992
annual colposcopies and pap smears recommended for women with hiv.	a new study presented by annekathryn goodman of massachusetts general hospital indicates that hiv positive women should receive annual colposcopies, along with pap smears, to detect abnormal cell growth early. the recommendation is due to the fact that hiv positive women are more likely to have false-negative pap smears than hiv negative women. in a related development, the fda approved a new dna-based blood test to detect human papillomavirus, which is associated with cervical and anal cancer. ...	1999	11366700
criminal exposure.	in august, an hiv-positive man plead guilty to sexually assaulting a 14-year-old boy. the sleeping boy awoke to find james muise sexually assaulting him, while watching a pornographic video. muise plead guilty to the assault with intent to rape a child. in addition, muise received three counts of indecent assault and battery on a child, and exposure of pornographic material to a minor. muise will remain on probation for five years, although the prosecution had recommended sentencing muise to fou ...	1999	11366904
hiv-risk practices among homeless and low-income housed mothers.	knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its risk behaviors have not been systematically studied in homeless mothers. the identification of the factors associated with hiv-risk practices will guide interventions for low-income housed and homeless women.	1999	10907622
on human perfection.		1999	10091555
predictors of change in the functional status of children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	the purpose of this study was to identify important clinical predictors of change in the functional status of children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	2000	10920180
further trials stopped by ohrp. office for human research protections.		2000	10973291
prevalence of hypogonadism among men with weight loss related to human immunodeficiency virus infection who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.	previous studies have indicated that there is a significant prevalence (50%) of hypogonadism among men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-associated wasting, and for these patients testosterone administration has been shown to increase lean body mass and improve quality of life. however, the prevalence of hypogonadism is not known among men with weight loss related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). from 199 ...	2000	11073758
particle concentrations in urban microenvironments.	although ambient particulate matter has been associated with a range of health outcomes, the health risks for individuals depend in part on their daily activities. information about particle mass concentrations and size distributions in indoor and outdoor microenvironments can help identify high-risk individuals and the significant contributors to personal exposure. to address these issues in an urban setting, we measured particle count concentrations in four size ranges and particulate matter ( ...	2000	11102296
update: west nile virus activity--eastern united states, 2000.	data reported to cdc through the west nile virus (wnv) surveillance system have shown an increase in the geographic range of wnv activity in 2000 compared with 1999, the first year that wnv was reported in the western hemisphere. in response to this occurrence of wnv, 17 states along the atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city, and the district of columbia conducted wnv surveillance, which included monitoring mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e ...	2000	11105767
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1999.	during 1999, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,067 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 11.2% from 7,961 cases in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 1998. more than 91% (6,466 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 8.5% (601 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 92.4% in wild animals and 7.6% in domestic species in 1998). no cases of rabies were reported in human beings in 1 ...	2000	11132881
emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase.	ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown.	2000	11135779
building a better human.		2000	11147306
research. studies at harvard.		2000	10712756
youth perceptions of comprehensive adolescent health services through the boston happens program.	the boston happens (hiv adolescent provider and peer education network for services) program is a collaborative network of care made up of 8 organizations that serve youth and provide coordinated care for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth aged 12 to 24 years. learning youth perceptions about the program is essential to determine if the program is meeting their needs.	2000	10736140
human rights and psychiatry: report on a teaching model.		2000	10749392
the jim interview. edward m. kennedy, united states senator.	senator edward m. kennedy has represented massachusetts in the united states senate for thirty-six years. he was first elected in 1962 to finish the term of his brother, president john f. kennedy. since then, he has been elected to six full terms, and he is now the third most senior member of the senate. the efforts to bring quality health care to every american is a battle that kennedy has been waging ever since he arrived in the senate. recent achievements include the health insurance portabil ...	2000	10822894
differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses in infected african and caucasoid adults and children.	cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity plays a central role in control of viral replication and in determining outcome in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. incorporation of important ctl epitope sequences into candidate vaccines is, therefore, vital. most ctl studies have focused upon small numbers of adult caucasoid subjects infected with clade-b virus, whereas the global epidemic is most severe in sub-saharan african populations and predominantly involves clade-c i ...	2000	10823876
surgeon scientist.	the origins and development of the renal transplant program at the peter bent brigham hospital (now the brigham and women's hospital) from the late 1940s to the present are reviewed. the program was initiated as a effort to understand hypertension as a cause of renal failure. the initial transplants were unmodified allogeneic grafts placed in the thigh, followed by extensive laboratory experiments on dogs. this research culminated with the first successful human transplant of a kidney between id ...	2000	10833241
health of children adopted from china.	since 1989, american parents have adopted 18 846 chinese children. this study assesses the health and developmental status of these children after their arrival in the united states.	2000	10835089
physical and sexual abuse in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: increased illness and health care utilization.	a history of physical or sexual abuse is associated with increased health care utilization and possibly an increase in illness based largely on self-reported data.	2000	10847259
nitrogen and amino acid requirements: : the massachusetts institute of technology amino acid requirement pattern.	we review the current international recommendations concerning the protein (nitrogen) and amino acid requirements of healthy individuals, from infancy to the later years of adult life and describe the changes in the recommendations for protein that have been made, since those issued in 1985 by food and agriculture organization/world health organization/united nations university (fao/who/unu), by the international dietary energy consultative group. the current international requirements for the s ...	2000	10867061
pumps for peanuts: leveling the field in the neonatal intensive care unit.		2000	10879339
inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase and risk of fracture among older women.	inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (statins) increase new bone formation in rodents and in human cells in vitro. statin use is associated with increased bone mineral density of the femoral neck. we undertook a population-based case-control study at six health-maintenance organisations in the usa to investigate further the relation between statin use and fracture risk among older women.	2000	10881890
the social geography of aids and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users.	while significant gains have been achieved in understanding and reducing aids and hepatitis risks among injection drug users (idus), it is necessary to move beyond individual-level characteristics to gain a fuller understanding of the impact of social context on risk. in this study, 6 qualitative methods were used in combination with more traditional epidemiologic survey approaches and laboratory bioassay procedures to examine neighborhood differences in access to sterile syringes among idus in ...	2000	10897181
tufts man of the century, dr. j. murray gavel.		2000	11324041
enzootic transmission of deer tick virus in new england and wisconsin sites.	to determine whether rodents that are intensely exposed to the deer tick-transmitted agents of lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis are also exposed to deer tick virus (dtv), we assayed serum samples from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) in sites densely infested by deer ticks. to conduct serosurveys, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot assay by cloning, expressing, and purifyi ...	2000	11357992
gregory pincus, father of the pill.	this paper presents the profiles of gregory pincus, popularly known as the "father of the pill". pincus was considered a brilliant scientist who developed an oral contraceptive in 1950. he had already achieved in vitro fertilization of rabbit eggs, foreshadowing later successes in assisted human reproduction that have enabled tens of thousands of couples to overcome infertility. his discovery, however, generated controversy, which cost him tenure at harvard, prompting his move to clark universi ...	2000	12296230
destroying human embryos for research.		2000	12201302
charting the terrain of touch.	discusses the laboratory for human and machine haptics at the massachusetts institute of technology, nicknamed the touch lab, which investigates new technologies involved in the sense of touch.	2000	18050542
us: court refuses to order disclosure of hiv status to police.	in february 2001, massachusetts' highest court ruled that a man whose blood was splattered on police officers during his arrest is protected under that state's law from having to reveal his hiv status.	2001	11837039
an investigation of why eligible patients do not receive haart.	treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) decreases morbidity and mortality for persons with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) and reduces costs of care. yet many patients for whom haart is indicated do not receive it. this study investigated the reasons why certain patients of a community health center with hiv/aids did not receive haart between 1997 and 1998. medical record reviews were performed to determine which patients for whom ha ...	2001	11359660
the treating physician as active gatekeeper in the recruitment of research subjects.	institutional review boards vary in regard to the conditions imposed on investigators concerning contacting potential subjects to participate in health-services research studies.	2001	11717575
blood lead levels in relation to paint and dust lead levels: the lead-safe cambridge program.		2001	11726378
ige and igg antibody responses to recombinant alt a 1 as a marker of sensitization to alternaria in asthma and atopic dermatitis.	sensitization to alternaria alternata is a risk factor for the development of wheezing and asthma. alt a 1 is the major alternaria allergen causing sensitization in asthmatics. some atopic dermatitis (ad) patients have very high immunoglobulin (ig)e antibody (ab) to alternaria as analysed by pharmacia cap, however, it is not clear whether these are specific responses or whether alt a 1 is involved in disease symptoms.	2001	11737041
an outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia on martha's vineyard.	in the summer of 2000, an outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia occurred on martha's vineyard, massachusetts. the only previously reported outbreak of pneumonic tularemia in the united states also occurred on the island in 1978.	2001	11757506
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2000.	during 2000, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,364 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 5 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 4.3% from 7,067 cases in nonhuman animals reported in 1999. ninety-three percent (6,855 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.9% (509 cases) were in domestic species (compared wth 91.5% in wild animals and 8.5% in domestic species in 1999). compared with cases reported in 1999, the numbe ...	2001	11767918
human milk lipids bind shiga toxin.	hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious complication of shiga toxin-associated diarrhea, is rare before 6 months of age. immunologic and nonimmunologic factors present in human milk may partially explain this observation. in prior studies, we have demonstrated that human milk contains gb3, the receptor for the b subunit of shiga toxin, and also contains secretory iga (siga) against the toxin. we therefore sought to determine the relative importance of milk glycolipid and toxin-specific siga in toxi ...	2001	11787699
structure and seasonality of nearctic culex pipiens populations.	the abundance and structure of urban autogenous and anautogenous populations of culex pipiens mosquitoes were documented systematically in boston, ma, during three successive years. autogenous larvae become abundant mainly in enclosed sites and anautogenous larvae in sites that provide free access and egress. both populations begin to proliferate when the water temperature exceeds 15 degrees c during june. larval anautogenous mosquitoes increase in abundance 10-fold in two weeks and autogenous i ...	2001	11797779
babesiosis.	a case of human babesiosis is presented. this case emphasizes the need to consider tick-borne disease in anyone who presents with prolonged and undulating fevers, chills, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias. this holds true particularly in areas endemic for tick-borne diseases, even in the absence of a history of tick bite. these symptoms, associated with signs of intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency in a patient who resides in, or with recent travel to, the northea ...	2001	11165832
switching doctors: predictors of voluntary disenrollment from a primary physician's practice.	our objective was to evaluate 8 interpersonal and structural features of care as predictors of patients' voluntary disenrollment from their primary care physician's practice.	2001	11219560
evolution of depressive symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients entering primary care.	our purpose was to examine among hiv-infected patients a) characteristics associated with depressive symptoms at initial primary care presentation and b) factors associated with improvement in depressive symptoms. we interviewed hiv-infected patients at initial presentation and reassessed them 6 months later. at baseline and follow-up, we collected data on depressive symptoms (ces-d) and other characteristics. using multiple linear regression, we examined associations between ces-d score and bas ...	2001	11225690
bach1, a novel helicase-like protein, interacts directly with brca1 and contributes to its dna repair function.	brca1 interacts in vivo with a novel protein, bach1, a member of the deah helicase family. bach1 binds directly to the brct repeats of brca1. a bach1 derivative, bearing a mutation in a residue that was essential for catalytic function in other helicases, interfered with normal double-strand break repair in a manner that was dependent on its brca1 binding function. thus, bach1/brca1 complex formation contributes to a key brca1 activity. in addition, germline bach1 mutations affecting the helicas ...	2001	11301010
john m. kinney international awards. looking back: a human reason for studying the effects of glutamine in patients with aids.		2001	11312061
developing leadership in healthcare administration: a competency assessment tool.	despite the many graduate programs that specialize in health administration, healthcare leaders and practitioners have expressed concern about the quality of preparation of health administration graduates. the purpose of this study was to facilitate one part of an integrated approach to leadership development that spans academic and practitioner settings. the approach was to design a competency assessment tool for early careerists who have two to five years of postgraduate experience and who asp ...	2001	11372221
managing health care variability to achieve quality care.	while much has been written about variation and health care, one area that has received little attention is variation within hospitals related to the operations management--which can lead to wasted money and human resources. two boston researchers who have been studying this area say that addressing these variations--and using techniques found in other major industries across the country--could give hospitals a new tool in addressing patient safety issues, nursing shortages, cost containment, an ...	2001	11400326
mastering the value chain. an interview with mark levin of millennium pharmaceuticals. interview by david champion.	as today's business leaders are all too aware, a new scientific or technological break-through can quickly transform an industry's competitive landscape. the upheaval is often traumatic for the companies involved, forcing them to rethink their strategies and redefine their boundaries. but an industry in flux also creates vast opportunities. to seize them, companies must see how the current upheavals will affect the future distribution of profits--and then reinvent themselves to capitalize on the ...	2001	11408971
uv doses of americans.	the uv doses of americans were never measured, but are needed for assessing the risks of uv-related health effects. we calculated these doses using a novel approach. the environmental protection agency's (epa) national human activity pattern survey (nhaps) recorded the activity profiles of 9386 americans over 24 months to assess their exposure to environmental pollutants, one of which is uv radiation. nhaps used randomized telephone interviews to get their previous day's minute-by-minute activit ...	2001	11421067
association of the ala54-thr polymorphism in the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein with 2-h postchallenge insulin levels in the framingham offspring study.	to investigate the association of variants of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene (fabp2) with fasting and postchallenge glucose and insulin levels, hba(1c), and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in a separate sample of men and women.	2001	11423496
management of patients with chronic renal insufficiency in the northeastern united states.	comorbid conditions that develop during chronic renal insufficiency (cri) contribute to the high morbidity and mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). thus, appropriate management during cri may lead to improved esrd outcomes. a retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the management of patients with cri. a total of 602 patients with cri (creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dl for women and > or =2.0 mg/dl for men) were seen between october 1994 and september 1998 at five n ...	2001	11423579
robley evans and what physics can do for medicine.	when asked, in 1936 by j. howard means, chief of medicine at massachusetts general hospital, whether radioiodine could be produced for thyroid studies, karl t. compton, president of the massachusetts institute of technology, referred the question to robley evans of the physics department. in response, evans formed a team from the fields of physics and medicine that produced 128i for animal studies and, subsequently on a cyclotron dedicated to medical purposes, 130i for human uptake measurements ...	2001	11471483
baby-friendly hospital initiative improves breastfeeding initiation rates in a us hospital setting.	breastfeeding initiation rates were compared at boston medical center before (1995), during (1998), and after (1999) baby-friendly policies were in place. boston medical center, an inner-city teaching hospital that provides care primarily to poor, minority, and immigrant families, achieved baby-friendly status in 1999.	2001	11533335
the motor unit and electromyography--the legacy of derek denny-brown.	with the development of the concept of the motor unit and new recording instruments, single motor unit action potentials (muaps) were recorded in 1929 in man by adrian and bronk and in the experimental animal by denny-brown. studies of muaps in patients with neuromuscular disease followed, and in 1938, denny-brown and pennybacker laid the foundation for clinical electromyography (emg). action potentials of single contracting or spontaneously firing motor units, termed fasciculations, were record ...	2001	11535228
muscle power of the ankle flexors predicts functional performance in community-dwelling older women.	to test the hypothesis that peak power of the ankle flexors is related to physical functioning in older women with functional limitations.	2001	11559374
sample exchange to compare insulin measurements between the san antonio heart study and the framingham offspring study.	lack of assay standardization has precluded cross-study comparison of insulin levels. we exchanged blood samples between the san antonio heart and framingham offspring studies to compare insulin measurements. two randomly selected specimens were chosen for each non-diabetic man and woman in each of the bottom four quintiles and top two deciles of the originally assayed fasting and 2-hour post-challenge insulin distributions: 48 plasma samples from framingham, and after further stratification by ...	2001	11576815
the applications of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data.	capture-recapture methodology, originally developed for estimating demographic parameters of animal populations, has been applied to human populations. this tutorial reviews various closed capture-recapture models which are applicable to ascertainment data for estimating the size of a target population based on several incomplete lists of individuals. most epidemiological approaches merging different lists and eliminating duplicate cases are likely to be biased downwards. that is, the final merg ...	2001	11590637
human experimentation at the brink of life.		2001	15233133
eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities: opportunities and challenges for the commonwealth.		2001	12772706
devolution of employment and training policy: the case of older workers.	the case for the devolution of employment and training programs has traditionally been based on the supply side argument that state and local governments are in the best position to assess the training needs of their disadvantaged workers. we provide a different perspective by focusing on the demand side of the labor market and the link between aiding older workers and fostering economic growth. we illustrate the importance of this focus by examining the labor market in massachusetts, where the ...	2002	17432476
heinrich v. sweet.	court decision: 308 federal reporter, 3d series 48; 2002 aug 27 (date of decision). the united states court of appeals for the first circuit affirmed a massachusett's district court's jury verdict for the defendant doctors and hospital on an informed consent claim by the plaintiffs, surviving families of two cancer patients who had been subjects of an experimental combination of chemotherapy and radiation. in 1960-1961, george heinrich and eileen sienkewicz both suffered from the deadliest form ...	2002	15751148
the genetic revolution at work: legislative efforts to protect employees.		2002	12197465
adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--united states, 1998-2001.	elevated blood lead levels (blls) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. the majority of cases are workplace-related. u.s. department of health and human services recommends that blls among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dl. the highest bll acceptable by standards of the u.s. occupational safety and health administration is 40 microg/dl. the mean bll of adults in the united states is < 3 microg/dl.	2002	12528812
high prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii infection in market weight pigs from a farm in massachusetts.	the ingestion of uncooked infected meat is considered important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and little is known of the prevalence of viable t. gondii in meat used for human consumption in the united states. in the present study, viable t. gondii was isolated from 51 out of 55 pigs destined for human consumption. hearts and tongues (500 g) from fifty-five 6-mo-old pigs from a farm in massachusetts were bioassayed for t. gondii by feeding them to t. gondii-free cat ...	2002	12539744
hotep's story: exploring the wounds of health vulnerability in the us.	a wide variety of forms of domination has resulted in a highly heterogeneous health risk category, "the vulnerable." the study of health inequities sheds light on forces that generate, sustain, and alter vulnerabilities to illness, injury, suffering and death. this paper analyzes the case of a high-risk teen from a boston ghetto that illuminates intersections between "race" and class in the construction of vulnerability in the us. exploration of his "wounds" helps specify how large-scale social ...	2002	12546166
information architect. jeff blair's passion for the industry promotes healthcare standards and the electronic health record.		2002	12827789
lucian leape and healthcare errors. interview by pamela k. scarrow and susan v. white.	lucian l. leape, md, is a health policy analyst whose research has focused on error prevention and appropriateness of care. he is currently adjunct professor of health policy at the harvard school of public health. prior to joining the faculty at harvard, he was professor of surgery at tufts university school of medicine and chief of pediatric surgery at the new england medical center. he has been a leading advocate of the nonpunitive systems approach to the prevention of medical error and has l ...	2002	14692183
sources and species of cryptosporidium oocysts in the wachusett reservoir watershed.	understanding the behavior of cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is critical to developing improved watershed management practices for protection of the public from waterborne cryptosporidiosis. analytical methods of improved specificity and sensitivity are essential to this task. we developed a nested pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that allows detection of a single oocyst in environmental samples and differentiates the human pathogen cryptosporidium parvum from other ...	2002	11823192
the menopause experience: a woman's perspective.	to understand the complexities of the experience of menopause in american women from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. the specific aims of this phenomenologic study were to (a) examine and interpret the reality of the menopausal transition as experienced by american women and (b) identify common elements and themes that occur as a result of the complexities of this experience.	2002	11843022
using gis and historical records to reconstruct residential exposure to large-scale pesticide application.	investigation of pesticide impacts on human health depends on good measures of exposure. historical exposure data are needed to study health outcomes, such as cancer, that involve long latency periods, and other outcomes that are a function of the timing of exposure. environmental or biological samples collected at the time of epidemiologic study may not represent historical exposure levels. to study the relationship between residential exposure to pesticides and breast cancer on cape cod, massa ...	2002	11859434
particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments in boston, massachusetts.	estimating personal exposures to air pollution is a crucial component in identifying high-risk populations and determining efficient control strategies. because of the difficulty of comprehensively measuring personal exposure, data on air pollution patterns in homogenous microenvironments linked with activity data are often used as surrogates. in this study, we focus on strengthening the available information about nonresidential microenvironmental exposures to particulate matter and other combu ...	2002	11965527
identifying undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus: the yield of routine, voluntary inpatient testing.	despite current recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) counseling and testing among patients admitted to hospitals with at least a 1% prevalence of hiv infection, an estimated 300 000 people in the united states remain unaware of their hiv infection.	2002	11966339
prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in swine: an 18-month survey at a slaughterhouse in massachusetts.	slaughterhouse pig samples were analyzed by pcr for enterocytozoon bieneusi infection. thirty-two percent were found to be positive, with rates being higher over the summer months. three isolates from pigs were identical in their ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence to human e. bieneusi type d, two were identical to type f (from a pig), and nine were previously unreported. the viability of these spores was demonstrated by their ability to infect gnotobiotic piglets. the presence of the ...	2002	11976142
implementing the precautionary principle.	the precautionary principle can be found in international treaties that protect human health and the environment from a variety of pollutants and perturbations. one of the earliest forms of the precautionary principle was used in the 1980s in europe to protect the north sea. in 1992, the rio declaration specifically included the precautionary principle in calling on nations to protect the environment. the us articulation that best embodies this approach to environment and human health protection ...	2002	12013543
use of physical, chemical, and biological indices to assess impacts of contaminants and physical habitat alteration in urban streams.	human activities in urban areas can lead to both chemical pollution and physical alteration of stream habitats. the evaluation of ecological impacts on urban streams can be problematic where both types of degradation occur. effects of contaminants, for example, may be masked if stream channelization, loss of riparian vegetation, or other physical stressors exert comparable or larger influences. in the aberjona watershed (near boston, ma, usa), we used physical, chemical, and biological indices t ...	2002	12069298
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 20-2002. a 37-year-old man with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and a cutaneous foot lesion after a trip to africa.		2002	12087144
evidence for heritability of abdominal aortic calcific deposits in the framingham heart study.	atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that underlies clinical cardiovascular disease. the radiographic finding of abdominal aortic calcific deposits is an indicator of the presence of aortic atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease events. little is known about the heritability of aortic calcification.	2002	12119250
incidence, outcome, and long-term consequences of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation presenting as a facial rash in intubated adult burn patients treated with acyclovir.	increased mortality, extensive visceral involvement, and necrotizing tracheobronchitis associated with herpes viruses have been reported after burns. it is unclear whether herpes presenting as a facial rash results in outcome changes after burns.	2002	12131395
just-in-time delivery comes to knowledge management.	like all primary care physicians, dr. bob goldszer must stay on top of approximately 10,000 different diseases and syndromes, 3,000 medications, 1,100 laboratory tests, and many of the 400,000 articles added each year to the biomedical literature. that's no easy task. and it is, quite literally, a matter of life and death. the institute of medicine's 1999 report, to err is human, suggests that more than a million injuries, and 90,000 deaths are attributable to medical errors annually. something ...	2002	12140850
quantification of respirable, thoracic, and inhalable quartz exposures by ft-ir in personal impactor samples from construction sites.	the classification of quartz as a group i human carcinogen by the international agency for research on cancer (iarc) highlights the need to develop a method to assess quartz exposures in the thoracic and inhalable particle size fractions to supplement the current method for the respirable size fraction. heavy and highway construction operations can produce high respirable quartz exposures, but inhalable and thoracic exposures have not previously been well characterized. these larger particle siz ...	2002	12166893
mental retardation research center at boston children's hospital/harvard medical school. introductory overview.	the mrrc at children's hospital/harvard medical school is focused on research in genetics and neuroscience. both clinical and basic science approaches are abundant. major interdisciplinary programs, particularly in the areas of neonatal brain injury, human cerebral cortical malformations, and human neuromuscular disorders, interdigitate basic and clinical research in cohesive research programs. the core research support facilities serve as the nidus for this large research effort, encompassing 6 ...	2002	12175871
an instrument for determining the amount of nih support for clinical investigations at one academic health center.	although interest in supporting clinical investigators is increasing, information regarding the quantity, spectrum, and specific types of clinical research performed in academic health centers (ahcs) is generally not available. the authors report on an instrument to quantify the national institutes of health (nih)-funded component of clinical research at one institution.	2002	12176698
genome screen for quantitative trait loci contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density: the framingham study.	a genome-wide scan was performed in a randomly ascertained set of 330 extended families from the population-based framingham study to identify chromosomal regions possibly linked to bone mineral density (bmd). a set of 401 microsatellite markers was typed at a 10-centimorgan (cm) average density throughout the genome. bmd was measured at the femoral neck, trochanter, ward's area, and lumbar spine in 1557 participants of both framingham cohorts. bmds were adjusted for age, body mass index (bmi), ...	2002	12211443
antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive prisoners.	we assessed the incidence of antiretroviral drug resistance in a cohort of 25 antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus-positive inmates in massachusetts. silent mutations, unexpected mutations at resistant sites, and resistance mutations were recorded. among these inmates, we found a prevalence of drug resistance mutations that was equivalent to the prevalence previously found in nonprison populations in the same state.	2002	12228827
barriers, facilitators, and access for wheelchair users: substantive and methodologic lessons from a pilot study of environmental effects.	we undertook a month-long intensive pilot study of a sample of adult wheelchair-users in boston, massachusetts and durham, north carolina, usa. the study had four objectives; to: (1) measure experiences of reaching and failing to reach specific destinations; (2) measure encounters with environmental facilitators and barriers, including both those overcome and not overcome; (3) determine the frequencies of destinations, facilitators, and barriers, and (4) test for consistency between daily report ...	2002	12231020
comparison of t-cell-depleted and non-t-cell-depleted unrelated donor transplantation for hematologic diseases: clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs.	t-cell depletion (tcd) and immunosuppressive medications (ists) are 2 methods used for graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) prophylaxis in unrelated donor (urd) transplantation. however, comparisons of the clinical outcomes including quality of life and direct medical costs associated with each type of procedure have not been reported. we reviewed 48 tcd and 98 ist procedures performed from 1/1/97 to 12/31/99 at the dana-farber cancer institute, boston, ma. with a median follow-up of 1.5 years for s ...	2002	12351374
hybridon and aegera collaborate to develop antisense drug.		2002	12382515
history of pediatric liver transplantation. where are we coming from? where do we stand?	the history of pediatric liver transplantation cannot be dissociated from one man, thomas e. starzl, whose pioneer efforts contributed more than anyone else to what has become a routinely successful clinical procedure. during the pre-cyclosporine era, the pediatric experience was confined nearly exclusively in denver: first attempt in 1963, first success with survival beyond one year in 1967, cumulative experience with 84 pediatric cases in the pre-cyclosporine era (1967-1979) with a 2-year pati ...	2002	12390423
a population-based study of ashkenazi jewish women's attitudes toward genetic discrimination and brca1/2 testing.	the human genome project continues to produce an increasing number of genetic susceptibility tests. some of these genetic tests target social or ethnic groups who are at increased risk of developing a disease. the ashkenazi jewish community is one ethnic group that is an ongoing subject of genetic investigation. we assessed the attitudes of a population-based sample of ashkenazi jewish women toward breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility testing (brca 1/2). in particular, we assessed concerns about ...	2002	12394347
industry-related outbreak of human anthrax, massachusetts, 1868.		2002	12396936
the association between children's computer use and musculoskeletal discomfort.	as american children spend more time working at computers, they may be putting themselves at risk for musculoskeletal disorders and other conditions that can result from overuse. there is little research that describes the home computer use of american middle school children or that describes the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in this population. this study provides a general description of the computer set-up and home use of 152 6th grade children and looks at the association between ...	2002	12441562
the effect of education on backpack wearing and posture in a middle school population.	the effect of education on proper wearing of a backpack was studied to determine whether or not a middle school population would improve posture during load carriage by maintaining a more natural posture and to determine if schoolchildren would comply with proper backpack wearing.	2002	12441569
efficacy of body mechanics education on posture while computing in middle school children.	the purposes of this pilot study were to examine the working position of middle school children during their media/technology class, test student's knowledge of healthy computing habits, and evaluate the efficacy of two educational interventions compared to a control group.	2002	12441570
initiation of services in the boston happens program: human immunodeficiency virus-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth can access services.	this study evaluates the factors associated with initiation of services in the boston happens program, which is a collaborative network of care consisting of multiservice outreach agencies, community health centers and hospitals, for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hard to reach youth who are 12-24 years old. the program served 2116 youth who were 19.8 +/- 2.9 years old; 64% female; 45% youth of color; 16% gay/lesbian, bisexual, or undecided; and 10% homeless or runaway. at first ...	2002	12442735