Publications

a synergism of plagues: "planned shrinkage," contagious housing destruction, and aids in the bronx.	techniques adapted from population and community ecology, quantitative geography, and epidemiology are applied to ecosystem and environmental index data on the bronx in an attempt to understand the origins and potential impacts of rampant spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in that borough: recent work by drucker and vermund (1987), ("estimating prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban areas with high rat ...	1988	3168963
hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in parenteral drug abusers who are hepatitis b surface antigen positive.	we studied unselected, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive parenteral drug abusers for antibody to hepatitis d virus (anti-hd) and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the prevalences of anti-hd and antibody to hiv were 67% and 58%, respectively, and there was no association between positivity for these two markers. in a logistic regression model, anti-hd was associated with older age (p = .001), longer duration of drug abuse (p = .045), and the presence of liver disease (p = ...	1988	3171227
leads from the mmwr. increase in pneumonia mortality among young adults and the hiv epidemic--new york city, united states.		1988	3172394
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a colposcopy clinic.		1988	3172396
new borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant isolated from ixodes dammini from upstate new york.	a previously undescribed borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant was isolated from each of four ixodes dammini larvae removed from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, captured in millbrook, n.y. this site is in the northern range of the known distribution of the tick in the northeastern united states. the molecular weights of approximately 32,500 and 35,500 for outer surface a and outer surface b proteins, respectively, were distinctly higher than those for previously characterized isolates f ...	1988	3183008
a larger spectrum of severe hiv-1--related disease in intravenous drug users in new york city.	increasing mortality in intravenous (iv) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has occurred in new york city coincident with the aids epidemic. from 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. this increase included deaths from aids increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. investigations of these deaths su ...	1988	3187532
ticks parasitizing humans in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state.	a total of 126 tick specimens were submitted by tick bite victims to the westchester county department of health, white plains, new york, and to the new york medical college, medical entomology laboratory, armonk, new york, during 1985. these included 96 (76.2%) ixodes dammini, 26 (20.6%) dermacentor variabilis, and two (1.6%) amblyomma americanum. i. dammini parasitism was reported during all months of the year except december and february and involved all life stages. only d. variabilis adults ...	1988	3189288
autopsy patterns in patients dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in new york city.	the autopsy rate was examined for patients dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in new york city from 1982 through 1986 to determine if individuals dying of aids had autopsy rates that differed from the general population. using data from death certificates, verified by hospital records, autopsy rates for various diseases and causes of death were examined in persons aged 25 to 44 years, which represents the age group with the majority of aids deaths. the hospital autopsy rate for t ...	1988	3190408
high seroprevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in a brooklyn maintenance hemodialysis unit: preliminary observations.	a preliminary study of 86 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in an urban unit serving a large number of intravenous drug addicts revealed that the hiv seroprevalence rate was 27% (27 of 70 screened). twenty-three of 26 (89%) positive patients were intravenous addicts, and the remaining four included haitian immigrants and gay men. there were no false positive elisa reactions against hiv. no patient without a risk factor for hiv was seropositive, indicating an absence of nosocomial spre ...	1988	3196508
incubation periods for paediatric aids patients.	a recent seroprevalence study of newborns indicates that one in 62 children born in new york city has antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the distribution of incubation periods for paediatric patients is needed to estimate future aids case loads from these seroprevalence data. current estimates of incubation periods for paediatric patients are based on limited data. we use parametric and non-parametric methods to analyse incubation periods for 215 paediatric patients with aids ...	1988	3200305
prevalence of hiv infection in new york call girls.	in order to evaluate the frequency of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among promiscuous heterosexuals, we studied the prevalence of hiv infection among a group of predominantly caucasian call girls and women working for escort services and massage parlors in new york city. in the 78 subjects studied, the mean age was 31.6 years and the mean duration of prostitution was 5.1 years. study participants each had a median of 200 different sexual partners in the preceding year ...	1988	3216302
further studies of the plasma alpha 1 b-glycoprotein polymorphism: two new alleles and allele frequencies in caucasians and in american blacks.	two new alleles (a1 b3 and a1 b4) of human plasma alpha 1 b-glycoprotein (alpha 1 b) were reported. alpha 1 b phenotyping was done by using either a simple method of two-dimensional (2-d) agarose gel-horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) followed by protein staining or by one-dimensional horizontal page and immunoblotting. seven different alpha 1 b phenotypes (1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-2, 2-3 and 3-3) were observed; phenotypes 1-3 and 1-4 were differentiated from each other only by ...	1988	3235092
aids in the black community: public health implications.	as of the end of september 1988, 16,600 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been reported in new york city, including 5,248 cases among blacks, 32 percent of the total. of these, 4,220 (80 percent of adults) are men, 1,028 (19 percent of adults) are women, and 195 are children.the major source of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection within the black community is the intravenous (iv) drug user. half of new york city's 200,000 iv drug users are estimated t ...	1988	3249321
tuberculosis in children and adolescents in the 1980s.	tuberculosis (tbc) continues to be a major health problem. between january 1, 1980, and april 30, 1986, 211 children and adolescents presented with a positive tuberculin reaction or symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. active disease occurred in 35 (17%); 29 of these had primary infection, whereas 4 adolescents presented with cavitary pulmonary disease and 1 infant each had pott's disease and cervical adenitis. the proportion of patients with active disease was greater in infants and toddlers; 2 ...	1988	3260666
human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemophilic children.	the following groups were compared: (1) children less than 18 years old who have hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with other children with aids and with adults who have hemophilia-associated aids and (2) asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic children with asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic adults. children with hemophilia-associated aids were older than other children with aids (medians 13 and 1 years, respectively) and less frequently had lymphocytic interstitial ...	1988	3262856
hiv infection and intravenous drug use: critical issues in transmission dynamics, infection outcomes, and prevention.	as the second largest group of persons to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the most likely to transmit hiv to heterosexual partners in the united states and europe, iv drug users will play an increasingly important role in the future of the aids epidemic. this paper reviews five emerging critical issues regarding hiv infection among iv drug users. in epidemiology, rates of drug injection and anonymous sharing of injection equipment appear related to rapid spread of ...	1988	3281219
increased incidence of malignant lymphoma in aids: a comparison of risk groups and possible etiologic factors.		1988	2851104
failure of voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus to identify infected parturient women in a high-risk population.		1988	3336408
geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus markers in parenteral drug abusers.	drug abuse treatment programs in six regions of the united states collaborated in a study aimed at monitoring trends in the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. the wide disparities in hiv seroprevalence in the face of similarities in drug using behavior have important implications for prevention. in the new york city area (harlem, brooklyn), 61 per cent of samples (n = 280) obtained in late 1986 were positive, up from 50 per cent of samples (n = 585) in early 1985. i ...	1988	3348473
medical students' attitudes toward the physician's role in the nuclear age.		1988	3373504
the medical care cost of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in harlem.	to estimate the cost of hospital care for children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 37) at harlem hospital center, new york, a cost-based inventory of medical resource consumption was developed. six thousand thirty-five inpatient days were audited by retrospective chart review. the total cost of care between 1981 and 1986 was +3,362,597. average lifetime costs were +90,347 per child. one third of the total inpatient days and over 20% of the cost resulted from social rather tha ...	1988	3418851
changes in the epidemiology of non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with epidemic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	the extent to which the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has changed the descriptive epidemiology of cancers other than kaposi's sarcoma is unknown. this study, based on cancer surveillance data (new york state cancer registry) and mortality statistics (new york city death certificates), examines changes in the epidemiology of another hiv-related malignancy, non-hodgkin's lymphoma. since the beginning of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), there hav ...	1988	3421237
low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals.	we studied 1309 dental professionals (1132 dentists, 131 hygienists, and 46 assistants) without behavioral risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to determine their occupational risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). subjects completed questionnaires on behavior; type, duration, and location of their dental practice; infection-control practices; and estimated numbers of potential occupational exposures to hiv. serum samples were tested for antibodies ...	1988	3422106
dssny to appeal loss in aids case.		1988	2968530
aids counseling on the front lines.	skill at patient education is crucial to the battle against the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the fight is not confined to one segment of society or to a few geographic areas. counseling patients at risk about hiv-antibody (hiv-ab) testing requires a full understanding of the available tests; a psychosocial profile of the patient; candid, nonjudgmental exchanges between patient and clinician; and an ability to deal with significant emotional stress. all pas should use their talen ...	1988	10314665
recent medical malpractice reform measures in eight key states.	over the course of the past quarter century, technological developments in medical science have made it possible for physicians to save the lives and preserve the health of countless patients. unfortunately, it must be remembered that medicine is still as much an art as it is a science. as such, due to this human element, there is always the risk of occasional errors or failures in treatment. when these problems occur in bunches, the stage is set for a medical malpractice crisis. in an attempt t ...	1988	10287858
aids in the developing countries.	without a medical miracle, it seems inevitable that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic will become not only the most serious public health problem of this generation but a dominating issue in 3rd world development. as a present-day killer, aids in developing countries is insignificant compared to malaria, tuberculosis, or infant diarrhea, but this number is misleading in 3 ways. first, it fails to reflect the per capita rate of aids cases. on this basis, bermuda, french g ...	1988	10287933
performance standards: how to assess and address human resource needs.		1988	10288306
team approach enables frail elderly to stay home.	st. vincent's hospital and medical center of new york has been caring for homebound frail elderly persons since 1973 through a comprehensive network of professional, paraprofessional, and community services that allows many older persons to remain in their homes and communities and avoid institutionalization. the staff consists of physician-nurse-social worker teams that bring to each patient their individual skills as professional practitioners. in addition, working together, they create and at ...	1988	10290834
new york v. bowen.	the state of new york brought suit against the secretary of the u.s. department of health and human services, seeking to declare unconstitutional regulations that denied title x funding to clinics that counseled women about abortion or referred them to abortion clinics. the u.s. district court noted that, while the statutory language authorizing the secretary to promulgate regulations did not speak directly to the issue, the legislative history and subsequent legislation manifested no clear con ...	1988	11648393
man sues wife on abortion done without his knowing.		1988	11647847
waiting in line for life.		1988	11646672
new york state club ass'n v. city of new york, 20 june 1988.	the plaintiffs, a consortium of private clubs, sought an order declaring unconstitutional new york city local law 63. this law stipulates that clubs with more than 400 members that provide regular meal services and regularly receive payment directly or indirectly from or on the behalf of nonmembers for the furtherance of trade or business would not to be considered "distinctly private" and, thus, would be subject to the city's human rights law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, cr ...	1988	12289263
banning of funding for the use of fetal tissue for experimentation, march 1988.	in march 1988 the department of health and human services of the us issued a temporary ban on experimental transplants of fetal tissues. the ban was extended on 1 november 1989. see the new york times, 2 november 1989, section a, p. 1.	1988	12289558
doe v. smith, 15 june 1988.	the unmarried natural father of an unborn child applied to the us supreme court for an injunction forbidding the mother of the child to have an abortion. justice stevens, acting as circuit justice, denied the application. he ruled that the father's interest in the unborn child was outweighed by the mother's constitutionally protected right to have an abortion and that serious doubts existed whether there was a federal remedy to the father's request since the mother could obtain an abortion wit ...	1988	12289565
planned parenthood federation of america v. bowen, 25 february 1988.	the plaintiffs were family planning (fp) services and physicians who sought a preliminary injunction against enforcement of regulations promulgated by the secretary of health and human services of the us. the regulations prohibited counseling and referral for abortion services by fp services that receive funds under title x of the public health services act. the court held that the regulations exceeded the secretary's authority, since nothing in title x or legislative history relating to its e ...	1988	12289568
milton v. cary medical center, 22 february 1988.	in maine, the parents of a viable fetus brought a wrongful death action charging a hospital and physician with negligence resulting in the death of the fetus. the court held that, for the purposes of the state's wrongful death statute, a fetus is not a person and that the action could not be maintained. in 1988, other us courts reached the following decisions: 1) a viable fetus is not a human being as defined by the aggravated vehicular homicide statute of kansas (state vs. trudell); 2) there ...	1988	12289582
health insurance association of america v. corcoran.	court decision: 531 new york supplement 456; 1988 jun 16 (date of decision). the supreme court of new york held that a regulation that prohibited requiring or considering body fluid tests for evidence of the human immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv) in the application for health insurance or the risk management determinations of insurability is not authorized by a consumer protection statute or by a statute that permits the superintendent of insurance to prevent unfair discrimination between individ ...	1988	17083194
state of new york v. sullivan [1 november 1989].	the plaintiffs were a new york family planning organizations and physicians who challenged regulations issued by the us department of health and human services that prohibited grantees from counselling women about abortion and referring them to abortion services unless they did so in separate facilities with separate personnel not supported by federal funds. the court of appeals for the 2nd circuit upheld the regulations. it ruled that they constituted a permissible construction of statutory l ...	1989	12344096
davis v. davis [21 september 1989].	in tennessee, the parties were a separated wife and husband who contested the disposition of 7 cryogenically frozen embryos produced by means of in vitro fertilization using the wife's ova and the husband's sperm. the wife sought custody of the embryos so that she could have them implanted in order to become pregnant. the court granted temporary custody of the embryos to the wife. it held that life begins at conception and that, thus, the embryos were children, rather than property, as the hu ...	1989	12344463
immigration and urban change.	this article discusses the relationship between the new immigration (migrants who have arrived in the us since 1965) and the changing economic and ecological characteristics of the cities in which they have settled. the author concentrates on new york, los angeles, chicago, san francisco, and miami, which together contain 46% of all 1965-1980 immigrants. the new immigration began with the hart-cellar act in 1965, which abolished the old country of origins quota, affirmed family connections as ...	1989	12316381
new york v. sullivan.	the plaintiffs challenged regulations promulgated by the u.s. secretary of health and human services, under title x of the public health service act, that bar federal funding to programs where abortion is a method of family planning. the regulations prohibit funding activities, including counseling, that 'assist' a woman to obtain an abortion. the regulations also demand separation of funded projects from projects that encourage abortion. the plaintiffs argued that the regulations impermissib ...	1989	11648392
researchers and subpoenas: the troubling precedent of the selikoff case.		1989	11650287
when rights collide.	roe v. wade has been fated to be overruled. its demise has been guaranteed because of the evident political nature of the opinion, and because the supreme court will not long favor one intensely held "right" over its opposite intensely held "right." past history shows the court will step back from such a position. finally, roe v. wade will be disposed of because it stands for certain values this country has long ago rejected.	1989	10294678
hiv screening and counseling for intravenous drug abuse patients. staff and patient attitudes.	at least one third of patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program are willing to comply voluntarily with screening for and counseling about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was answered anonymously by 79% (46) of the clinical staff and 67% (868) of the enrolled patients. on their own initiative, 21% of the patients had already received voluntary anonymous hiv screening and ...	1989	2909023
potential for exposure to tick bites in recreational parks in a lyme disease endemic area.	eight recreational parks located in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state were surveyed for the presence of ticks during the summer of 1985 by drag sampling. ixodes dammini, the primary vector of lyme disease in the northeast, was found in all but one park and accounted for 580 (91.8 per cent) of the 632 ticks collected. of these, 18 per cent were larvae, 80 per cent were nymphs, and 2 per cent were adults. an i. dammini encounter distance, defined as the mean number of meters t ...	1989	2909174
increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population. association with hiv infection.	the incidence of tuberculosis (tb) among inmates of the new york state prison system increased from 15.4 per 100,000 in 1976 through 1978 to 105.5 per 100,000 in 1986. matching of tb and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome registries indicated that the majority (56%) of inmates with tb reported in 1985 and 1986 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection; none were known to be human immunodeficiency virus seronegative. a case-control study examined 59 inmates ...	1989	2909778
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a complication of cardiothoracic surgery.	we identified 13 patients who contracted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus-related disease after a cardiothoracic operation. the operations were performed between january 1981 and november 1984, and the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease was established from 26 to 54 months after operation. the survival time from diagnosis ranged from 8 days to 14 months in the 10 patients who have died. a clinical illness developed in three of the patients ...	1989	2911189
umbilical cord blood serosurvey for human immunodeficiency virus in parturient women in a voluntary hospital in new york city.	the potential spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to childbearing women in areas of high acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) endemicity is a major public health concern. as a private institution providing obstetric care to such a population of women, we undertook an anonymous hiv cord blood serosurvey to estimate the number of childbearing women at our institution at risk for perinatal transmission of the virus and to assess the success of our voluntary screening program to id ...	1989	2911424
antigenically variable borrelia burgdorferi isolated from cottontail rabbits and ixodes dentatus in rural and urban areas.	spirochetes were isolated from 71 subadult ixodes dentatus removed from cottontail rabbits captured in millbrook, n.y., and in new york, n.y. spirochetes were also cultured from kidney tissues of six rabbits. while all isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody h9724, which identifies the spirochetes as borreliae, more than half did not bind with antibody h5332 and even fewer reacted with h3ts, both of which were produced to outer surface protein a of borrelia burgdorferi. sodium dodecyl sulfate- ...	1989	2913024
the management of hiv infection in state psychiatric hospitals.	patients with aids and related illnesses are entering state mental hospitals in increasing numbers. state hospitals in new york city generally did not plan for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) until the first patient appeared; however, over the past five years, approaches to managing these patients have evolved in the areas of admission policies, in-hospital care, and discharge planning. strengthening infection control procedures through the adoption of universal precaut ...	1989	2914666
hiv-1 infection among intravenous drug users in manhattan, new york city, from 1977 through 1987.	intravenous drug users are the second largest group to develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and they are the primary source for heterosexual and perinatal transmission in the united states and europe. understanding long-term trends in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users is critical to controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance data and seroprevalence studies of drug treatment program ...	1989	2915408
prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users.	to determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on pregnancy outcomes, we prospectively studied female intravenous drug users in a methadone program in new york city. of 191 women with hiv status known prior to pregnancy, 17 (24%) of 70 seropositives and 26 (22%) of 121 seronegatives became pregnant during 28 months of follow-up. including 54 additional women first tested for hiv antibody after becoming pregnant, 125 pregnancies were studied in 97 women (39 seropositive, ...	1989	2915455
a prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	to determine the risk of active tuberculosis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we prospectively studied 520 intravenous drug users enrolled in a methadone-maintenance program. tuberculin skin testing and testing for hiv antibody were performed in all subjects. forty-nine of 217 hiv-seropositive subjects (23 percent) and 62 of 303 hiv-seronegative subjects (20 percent) had a positive response to skin testing with purified protein derivative (ppd) tuberculin before entr ...	1989	2915665
hiv seroprevalence in newborns in new york state.	the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was determined in women at the time of childbirth throughout new york state between november 30, 1987, and november 30, 1988. mandatory blood specimens (276,609) obtained from all newborns were examined for hiv. the overall hiv seroprevalence rate was 0.66% (1816 newborns), with 0.16% in upstate new york and 1.25% in new york city. rates for newborns whose mothers were aged 20 to 29 years (1.30%) and 30 to 39 years (1.35%) were signi ...	1989	2918672
women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: counseling and testing during pregnancy.		1989	2919292
heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission among the middle class.	patterns of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread among the middle class have not been previously reported. thirty-nine (35 women and four men) heterosexual contacts of hiv-infected individuals were evaluated by a private infectious diseases practice located in a predominantly white middle-class borough of new york city. thirty-five of 39 patients were white. the mean household income of all patients was +41,200. source cases (28 men and four women) were predominantly intravenou ...	1989	2919939
human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in intravenous drug users in ohio.	a seroprevalence survey of 508 intravenous (iv) drug users enrolled in methadone treatment programs in ohio for evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) demonstrated a positivity prevalence of 1.4%. this seropositivity prevalence is low compared with 10% to 72% positive from surveys conducted in the iv drug-using populations of new york, new jersey, detroit and san francisco. although needle sharing was common (71% since 1983), the number of sharing partners was usually ...	1989	2927870
sexual behavior changes and hiv antibody in a cohort of new york city gay men.	a sample of 357 gay/bisexual men, ages 20 to 65, were interviewed in 1985 regarding their sexual patterns over the course of the aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic. within four months after the interview, men were tested for antibody to hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) and 36 per cent were found positive. cessation of receptive anal intercourse was associated with hiv negative antibody status, (or greater than 3.0). reducing the number of sexual partners, becoming monogamous, o ...	1989	2929813
diagnosis related group 'all payor' hospital payment and medical diseases. financial risk and hospital cost in medical noncomplicating condition-stratified diagnosis related groups.	there are many health policy issues related to diagnosis-related group (drg) hospital payment. previous work by our group had suggested that some drgs did not adequately comorbidities. despite recommendations by federal advisory committees, the secretary of health and human services has proposed no major changes to drgs along these lines. we analyze resource consumption in any of the 88 non-complicating condition (cc)-stratified medical drgs using the drg prospective "all payor system" in effect ...	1989	2492795
frequency of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in patients with tuberculosis in an area endemic for aids.	mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia has recently been reported in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). at our institution, tuberculosis occurs commonly among patients with and without hiv infection. we sought to determine the frequency of m. tuberculosis bacteremia among patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. during a 4-month period, mycobacterial blood cultures were obtained on all identifiable patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. fifteen percent (9/59) o ...	1989	2513763
protecting the blood supply.	prevention of the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by transfusion has been the most successful area of epidemiologic control of the disease. only 2% of the more than 50,000 cases reported to the centers for disease control (cdc) have been attributed to transfusion, and the vast majority of these patients were infected before the introduction of screening tests in april 1985. the overall prevention program involves donor education, adequate medical history, physical e ...	1989	2520547
an appeal to members.		1989	2521872
defense against hrc ruling.		1989	2523028
epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus. transfusion safety study group.	we interviewed 51 blood donors in four major us metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-htlv) in late 1984-early 1985. sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern us. four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. the most common charact ...	1989	2572078
evidence for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic into low prevalence areas of the united states.	reports of an increased proportion of aids cases occurring in small and medium-sized cities suggest that the hiv epidemic may be spreading into locations that were previously characterized by their low hiv antibody prevalences. studying the question of the geographic spread of the hiv infection epidemic (rather than the aids epidemic) has been difficult largely because most serial seroprevalence data have been gathered from cohorts of high risk individuals (e.g., homosexual/bisexual cohorts) in ...	1989	2585245
human immunodeficiency virus and mental health: meeting the needs of health professionals.	psychiatric-mental health nurses are taking a leadership role in the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. this article details activities, developed through federally-supported acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) projects, which are designed to meet the mental health needs of health professionals who work intensively with people with aids.	1989	2596874
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a report entitled "kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocytosis carinii pneumonia among homosexual men in new york city and california" in the mmwr in july 1981 alerted the world to the appearance of a completely new disease. the opportunistic infections and cancers occurring in these patients had previously only been seen in patients who were immunosuppressed. homosexual men were the first as a major risk group to be identified. others quickly followed. the pattern of occurrence clearly indicated an infe ...	1989	2599843
aids in the workplace.	in a survey of 67 corporations done in 1987 and 1988, 66 were found to have had employees with human immunodeficiency virus infections. the numbers and backgrounds of the infected employees tend to reflect the experience of the surrounding community. these employees were accommodated in keeping with published public health and social guidelines, without significant event. responsible intervention should include defined medically and socially appropriate policy statements, effective education, an ...	1989	2607381
health costs of occupational disease in new york state.	occupational diseases and deaths are costly events. they are responsible for: 1) direct medical costs; 2) indirect costs, resulting from lost production, foregone opportunities, and diminished investment; and 3) non-economic costs, including pain and suffering, disrupted careers, and devastated families. to develop a partial estimate of the total costs of occupational disease in new york state, we have examined four categories of illness: occupational cancer, chronic respiratory disease and the ...	1989	2610214
cocaine injection and ethnicity in parenteral drug users during the early years of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in new york city.	parenteral drug users have a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). new york city has had a prolonged and extensive epidemic of hiv infection and aids. in this study, we analyze, in relation to antibody to hiv (anti-hiv), available data from sera from parenteral drug users collected in new york city during 1978 through 1983 in the course of studies of liver disease. among parenteral users of both he ...	1989	2614398
aids and homosexuality: a longitudinal study of knowledge and attitude change among rural nurses.	with no effective medical treatment or vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) available now or in the near future, nursing can make the most difference by providing emotional support and physical care for people with aids and their families. one of the least understood areas in providing such care is the feelings nurses have toward persons with aids, especially in rural areas. this study measured changes in knowledge and attitude toward aids and homosexuality before, immediately a ...	1989	2616450
increasing rate of pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx: a sentinel indicator for human immunodeficiency virus.	to describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx, new york city from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), for bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (n = 21,822). hospital deaths from pcp and immune disorders were analysed separately as a non-recurrent indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related disease prevalence by age, sex and geographical areas. from 1 ...	1989	2621030
sexual decision-making and aids: why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail.	this article examines the reasons for resistance to condom use among high-risk women (primarily intravenous drug users and/or the sexual partners of intravenous drug users) in two new york city aids prevention programs. the data collected indicate that a lack of economic, social, cultural, sexual, and technological options combine to lead vulnerable women to concentrate on addressing the more immediate risks in their lives: poverty, homelessness, and the frequent disruption of socioeconomic supp ...	1989	2623725
the rural health care challenge in new york state.		1989	2626223
human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis seroepidemiology in new york city intravenous drug abusers (ivdas).		1989	2641023
a bridge to treatment: the needle exchange pilot program in new york city.	the needle exchange pilot program in new york city is one element in a spectrum of drug prevention and treatment modalities under way to slow the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus. the program's aim is to help us learn about the addict behaviors that spread the aids virus, including whether needle exchange can help reduce the frequency or eliminate those behaviors. thus far, its primary value for clients lies in drug counseling and referral to treatment. where an active iv drug user has ...	1989	2641253
the papanicolaou test for cervical cancer detection. a triumph and a tragedy.	the complex detection system leading to the discovery and treatment of precancerous lesions and early cancer of the uterine cervix is described in detail and discussed. by far the most difficult and underestimated component of this system is the screening and interpretation of cervical (papanicolaou) smears. cytologic case finding may fail because of inadequate samples, insufficient time devoted to screening, or human fatigue. other weak points of the system, such as an inadequate clinical compo ...	1989	2642983
zoonotic brugia infections in north and south america.	nine new zoonotic brugia infections, 8 acquired in the united states and 1 in brazil, are described. in each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. in those from north america, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. a dead female worm was collected from a brazilian male patient. in addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the u.s., previously id ...	1989	2662786
review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states.	in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ...	1989	2682415
history of the renal section, new york university school of medicine 1926-1986, new york university medical center.	this history of the renal section at new york university school of medicine ascribes its birth to a policy introduced by john henry wyckoff in 1924 that divided the department of medicine into sections devoted to the various subspecialties. physicians selected to head each section sought further training. william goldring, asked to organize the kidney section, spent a sabbatical year working with homer william smith, chairman and professor of the department of physiology at new york university s ...	1989	2686789
a century of caring: the visiting nurse association of brooklyn.	reading the minutes of the annual meetings of the brooklyn visiting nurses over the years, one is reminded of the old french proverb plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose (the more things change, the more things stay the same). the questions of 1988 are often the same questions the board members struggled with 50, 80, and 100 years ago. human nature changes very little. science, it is true, gives us new instruments with which to work, and additional education is at our disposal. but the well- ...	1989	2687208
[a historical perspective of human-animal interaction as a field of study].	a chronological review is given of the most important people, publications, scientific gatherings and societies which have contributed to the development and recognition of human-animal interactions as a field of study. lorenz is recognised as the founder of this new field of study. his contribution was to emphasise the role of humans who have to have a thorough knowledge of animal behaviour and he also pointed out the fact that modern man needs to keep contact with nature. other pioneers were l ...	1989	2699501
social workers respond to the aids epidemic in an acute care hospital.	acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has had dramatic effects on hospital staff, particularly social workers. however, little documentation exists of how hospitals and their social work departments have responded to the myriad needs of people with human immunodeficiency virus-related conditions. patterns of social work service delivery to 152 persons with aids at st. luke's-roosevelt hospital center in new york city were reviewed. gaps were identified; in particular, social workers provide ...	1989	2707682
mandatory reporting of human immunodeficiency virus testing would deter blacks and hispanics from being tested.		1989	2739029
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and adolescents: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in a new york city adolescent minority population.	in this survey, the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in a group (n = 196) of innercity adolescents in new york city were assessed. sexual activity was the major risk factor for aids in this population; 58% of the adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse; 12% of these had never used contraception. there were small reported rates of homosexuality, anal intercourse, and prostitution. of respondents, 22% reported alcohol use and 2 ...	1989	2740176
human immunodeficiency virus infection in transfused patients with acute leukemia.	the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted by sexual contact and by blood products. patients with acute leukemia are extensively transfused as part of their supportive care. we conducted a retrospective study of the incidence of hiv antibody positivity in patients treated for acute leukemia at the mount sinai medical center between 1970 and 1986. serum samples from 106 patients were studied, including 71 (67%) with at least one posttransfusion specimen. six were found to have hiv anti ...	1989	2747672
issues in medical ethics. 1. justice and medical care. conference proceedings. march 6, 1987, new york.		1989	2747677
issues in medical ethics. 2. aids: challenge for medical ethics. conference proceedings. march 4, 1988, new york.		1989	2747686
aids: the state of the new york state approach.		1989	2747689
needle injuries among pediatric housestaff physicians in new york city.	concerns regarding accidental needle puncture wounds, needle injuries among house officers have increased following reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission via this route. pediatric house officers training in areas with large numbers of children infected with hiv may face a significant risk of occupational hiv infection via needle injury. the cumulative incidence of needle injury among pediatric house officers in new york who completed at least 1 year of training was ascertain ...	1989	2748246
geographic differences in digoxin inactivation, a metabolic activity of the human anaerobic gut flora.	the inactivation of digoxin by conversion to reduced metabolites (digoxin reduction products, or drp), a function of the anaerobic gut flora, was studied in normal volunteers from southern india and the united states. digoxin was metabolised to drp by 28 (13.7%) of 204 healthy south indians in contrast to 67 (36.0%) of 186 new yorkers (p less than 1 x 10(-6)). only 1.0% of indians compared with 14.0% of americans excreted large amounts of metabolites (greater than 40% drp) in the urine (p less t ...	1989	2759492
risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users.	to identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in intravenous drug users, we undertook a study of the seroprevalence of hiv antibody in 452 persons enrolled in a methadone-treatment program in the bronx, new york. the seroprevalence of hiv was 39.4 percent overall, 49.1 percent in blacks, 41.8 percent in hispanics, and 17.2 percent in non-hispanic whites (p less than 0.001 for all comparisons). the presence of hiv antibody was associated with the number of injections p ...	1989	2770823
estimating population prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban areas with high rates of intravenous drug use: a model of the bronx in 1988.	the bronx, a borough of new york city with 1.16 million people, has a distinctive pattern of prevalence and distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), i.e., 62.2% of aids patients are intravenous drug users, 20.3% are female, 87.3% are black or hispanic, and 4.5% are children under age 13 years. local data on reported aids cases by risk factors, age, and sex are combined with local indices of the intravenous drug use population to estimate numbers of intravenous drug users. the b ...	1989	2787104
prevalence of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (htlv) type ii infection among high-risk individuals: type-specific identification of htlvs by polymerase chain reaction.	the extent of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection and its rate of spread have been difficult to determine owing to the serological cross-reactivity between htlv-i and htlv-ii. the present study overcame this problem by directly detecting type-specific proviral sequences by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and liquid hybridization. screening was performed on a cohort of primarily white intravenous drug abusers (ivdas), and individuals of other behaviorally ...	1989	2790192
race/ethnicity as a risk factor for hiv-1 infection among connecticut intravenous drug users.	this cross-sectional study of 341 entrants to drug abuse treatment in four connecticut cities in 1986-1987 evaluated whether demographic, behavioral, viral serologic, or economic differences explained the disproportionate risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among black and hispanic intravenous drug users (ivdus), relative to non-hispanic white ivdus. blacks [odds ratio (or) = 9.0, 95% confidence interval (ci) = 5.1-15.9] and hispanics (or = 4.1, 95% ci = 1.9-8.8) were a ...	1989	2795451
human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in new york city. demographic, behavioral, and clinical features.	in 1985, 454 intravenous drug users were recruited from among patients scheduled for physical examination in methadone treatment clinics in new york city. a questionnaire was administered, and serum was collected for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serology. the hiv seroinfection rate was 60.6%, with antibody and antigen detected in 58.4% and 4.3%, respectively, of the population. nineteen percent of 307 subjects were in group iii or group iv of the centers for disease control (cdc) classific ...	1989	2797531
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among adolescents. case surveillance profiles in new york city and the rest of the united states.	adolescents engaging in certain sexual or drug-related behavior are at risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus infection in endemic locales. local and national surveillance data were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic on adolescents. of the 605 cases of aids in people aged 13 to 21 years reported through 1987, 518 were males (83 from new york city [nyc], ny), and 87 were females (28 from nyc). over half of all adolesce ...	1989	2801666
nysna reaches out to minority programs alumni.		1989	2802361
primary care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a methadone maintenance treatment program.		1989	2802435