Publications

a case of human rabies in bradford.		1978	666959
design for the integrated teaching of human anatomy [proceedings].		1978	670080
diabetes mellitus and dietary fiber of starchy foods.	the rarity of diabetes mellitus in rural africans and the increased incidence in urban africans suggested that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets might protect against diabetes. conversely it has been suggested that low-fiber starchy food is a diabetogenic factor in susceptible human phenotypes. many years ago experimental studies demonstrated that carbohydrate tolerance was increased in healthy adults if they ate high-carbohydrate diets but was decreased if they ate high-fat diets. from 1940 i ...	1978	707394
a three-year survey of viral hepatitis in west london.	during a total population survey of viral hepatitis in the london boroughs of hounslow, richmond and ealing, 784 patients were seen in three years from 1 march 1972 to 28 february 1975. a diagnosis of viral hepatitis was accepted in 489. the annual incidence was 24 per 100 000. 455 of the patients were tested for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by a radioimmunoassay technique and 93 (20%) of these were positive. the majority of the patients with type b hepatitis were in their third or fo ...	1978	715174
influenza and ischaemic heart disease--a possible trigger for acute myocardial infarction?	prompted by a clinical observation of an increase in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction during an influenza outbreak, a study was designed to examine the number of deaths from ischaemic heart disease (ihd) at the time of influenza. deaths from ihd were found to be increased at all ages, and particularly in younger age groups when deaths attributed specifically to acute myocardial infarction are considered. the question of whether influenza could act as a precipitating factor in ...	1978	721358
recent experience of influenza.		1978	731619
ill defined neurological diseases of possible viral origin.	any approach towards elucidating the aetiology of an ill defined disease such as 'epidemic neuromyasthenia' has to be a comprehensive and wide-ranging one. although viruses must be strong candidates, by reason of their ubiquity, this need not necessarily be the case and we have recently seen the onset of legionnaires' disease as a new entity caused by a bacterium. we do not always recognize that a particular virus may affect the entire community and that the patient seen in hospital may represen ...	1978	746022
a man driven by proticity: peter mitchell nobel prize for chemistry 1978.		1978	368641
the origins of modern orthopaedics.	the modern cult of "selfwareness", today so fashionable among young people, calls on past experiences to interpret modern attitudes and reactions; and gives a new credibility to the old latin dictum "historia, magistra vitae". it involves all aspects of human enterprise, not least the professional aspect, which undoubtedly gains by taking account of the contributions of previous generations. orthopaedic surgery is no exception, and those of us who would aspire to a fuller understanding of our sp ...	1978	381249
patterns of sugar consumption in early infancy.	a study is described in which patterns of sugar consumption in early infancy have been investigated in a rural area in britain. a representative group of 94 mothers of first babies aged 8-11 months answered questions on the introduction of various foods and drinks containing sugar to their babies' diet. a diet sheet was completed in order to estimate the frequency of sugar consumption on the previous day for both the mother and her child. the findings show that babies received sweet items on an ...	1978	275015
the telltale apple or how an arsonist was betrayed by his teeth.		1978	276459
post-mortem changes in human teeth from late upper palaeolithic/mesolithic occupants of english limestone cave.		1978	287428
nurses and the law - 5. the mental health act.		1978	248731
sign of the running man.		1978	248760
democracy stifled in the nhs.		1978	248767
you and the law: teenagers, birth control and the nurse.	today's teen-agers do need access to contraceptive information. 8 years ago in canada, there were 14,801 illegitimate births among mothers between the ages of 15 and 19. changes in canadian abortion laws have resulted in a decrease in the number of illegitimate births since then, but the need for contraception continues as indicated by the 12,481 therapeutic abortions performed on adolescents in this age group in 1974. teen-age male as well as female adolescents need counseling in the area of ...	1978	251108
endocrine effects of oral contraception.	numerous well-documented endocrine effects of oral contraceptives (ocs) can be subdivided into two groups: (a) those relating to the hypothalamic and pituitary-ovarian system, the breast and the genital tract of the human female and (b) those related indirectly to laboratory testing of other endocrine glands. benefits from oc use include marked decreases in the incidence of menorrhagia, benign breast disease, dysmenorrhea, iron deficiency anemia, premenstrual tension and ovarian cyst formation-- ...	1978	39820
astrovirus gastroenteritis age distribution of antibody.	astrovirus antibody was detected by immunofluorescence using infected primary human embryo kidney cultures as antigen. of 87 oxford children aged 0--10 years, only 7% in the 6 to 12-month-old group had antibody. the percentage of children having evidence of past infection rose progressively in the 1--4 age range and 75% of the 5 to 10-year-old group possessed astrovirus antibody. fifty-four (77%) of a group of 70 young adults likewise had antibody.	1978	102914
the determination of carbonic anhydrase ii (ca-ii) types in human bloodstains.		1978	105080
serological studies of mucosal disease virus in england and wales.	a survey of the cattle population in england and wales showed that about 62 per cent of animals had neutralising (sn) antibody to bvd-md virus in their serum. fewer seropositive individuals were detected by immunodiffusion (53 per cent), and complement fixation (cf) tests (34 per cent). the prevalence of antibody was not affected by herd size, but some variation was found between various regions of the country, and the proportion of animals seropositive rose markedly with age. the immunodiffusio ...	1978	203990
the detection of epstein barr virus antibody in 'exanthematic' dermatoses with special reference to pityriasis lichenoides. a preliminary survey.		1978	206394
virus-induced papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle.	an abattoir survey was carried out to determine the incidence and aetiology of squamous papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle in scotland and north england as they were suspected of being involved in the genesis of alimentary carcinoma in certain localized geographical areas. a total of 7,746 cattle of a wide age range was examined. various subsets of this number were subjected to analyses of certain specific factors. the calculated overall incidence was 19% and the detailed site incidenc ...	1978	212374
a search for faecal viruses in new-born and other infants.	faecal specimens were collected at weekly intervals over the winter months from 141 new-born infants without diarrhoea. contrary to the findings in other studies, no viruses were detected by electron micriscopy or culture in any of these specimens. over the same period faecal specimens were collected from 84 infants up to four years of age admitted to hospital. rotaviruses or adenoviruses were found in 48% of infants with gastroenteritis. enteroviruses and other small round virus-like particles ...	1978	212477
by the london post. the stigma of mental illness--smallpox tragedy--an expedition to bath.		1978	213713
applications for ethical approval.		1978	74581
towards a new understanding of john hunter.		1978	75348
brain-aluminium concentration in dialysis encephalopathy.	brain-aluminium concentrations were found to be significantly higher in 7 patients dying with dialysis encephalopathy (mean 15.9 microgram aluminium/g dry weight) than in 11 dialysed controls (4.4 microgram/g) and in 2 uraemic patients who were not dialysed (2.7 microgram/g). the grey matter from the patients with dialysis encephalopathy contained about three times as much aluminium as white matter. the results suggest that dialysis with untreated and/or softened tap-water (aluminium concentrat ...	1978	76845
stay north, young man...if you can.		1978	79877
antenatal screening.		1978	80215
hepatitis b outbreak among chimpanzees at the london zoo.	persistent carriage of hepatitis b virus in extremely high titre was identified in 5 out of 9 chimpanzees kept at the london zoo. antibody to this virus was present in the other 4 chimpanzees. serological survey of the other primates in the regent's park collection did not reveal the presence of the surface antigen in 2 gorillas, 11 orang-utans, and 2 gibbons, although surface antibody was present in the serum of 1 gorilla and 2 orang-utans. 3 of the carrier chimpanzees were born at the zoo and ...	1978	80578
fatal echovirus 11 infections in outbreak in special-care baby unit.	in december, 1977, an outbreak of echovirus 11 infection occurred in the special-care baby unit of the cambridge maternity hospital. 3 neonates died, and of 24 infants on the ward during the epidemic 6 others were infected, 3 with symptoms. 3 infants had similar symptoms but virus could not be isolated. the pathological changes in the 3 fatal infections, have not previously been reported for echovirus 11; nor have fatal infections occurred in an epidemic in a special-care baby unit.	1978	80644
epidemiology of respiratory viral infection among paediatric inpatients over a six-year period in north-east england.	during a 6-year, hospital-based study at newcastle upon tyne five consecutive winter epidemics of respiratory syncytial (r.s.) virus infection occurred; the virus was identified in 1428 cases, showing that 1 in 50 live-births were admitted to hospital with r.s. virus infection. epidemics were inversely related to temperature and to number of hours of sunshine. parainfluenzaviruses, the second largest group of pathogens, were identified in 543 cases; most infections by this group were due to para ...	1978	82045
hospital outbreak of listeria monocytogenes septicaemia: a problem of cross infection?	a 74-year-old man was admitted to hospital with septicaemia and meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes. subsequently 3 inpatients developed listeria septicaemia. case-to-case transmission of the infection seems possible, although the method of transmission remains obscure.	1978	82046
human benefits and costs of a national screening programme for neural-tube defects.		1978	82793
international group fights for human rights.		1978	10236757
louise: birth of a new technology.		1978	10237033
all set for the coming of the safety man.		1978	10238743
the history of abortion: technology, morality, and law.		1979	11662765
population mobility and labour supply in rural regions: north norfolk and the galway gaeltacht.		1979	12310666
assessment of inactivated influenza-a vaccine after three outbreaks of influenza a at christ's hospital.	the boys of christ's hospital experienced outbreaks of influenza a in 1972 (a/england/42/72), in 1974 (a/port chalmers), and in 1976 (a/victoria). in each outbreak, the protective effect of inactivated influenza-a vaccine was limited to those boys, not already immune, who were vaccinated for the first time with the most up-to-date strain. revaccination with the same strain did not increase the degree of protection, and revaccination with a later strain did not afford protection against subsequen ...	1979	83475
influenza vaccination policy.		1979	84962
severity of influenza.		1979	85029
hunter and venereal disease.		1979	85098
an outbreak of gastroenteritis in young children caused by adenoviruses.	during october and november, 1978, gastroenteritis developed in 17 of 24 young children aged between eight months and two years from an r.a.f. station in the u.k. the illness, in which diarrhoea was always the predominant symptom, had an incubation period of eight to ten days and lasted about a week. it seemed to be transmitted from child to child, and in all but one instance parents and older siblings remained well. stool specimens from 14 of the affected children were examined bacteriologicall ...	1979	86893
non-a non-b hepatitis associated with chronic liver disease in a haemodialysis unit.	to clarify the aetiology of an outbreak of hbsag-negative acute hepatitis in the renal unit at fulham hospital in 1968--70, serological tests for antibody to hepatitis-a virus (anti-h.a.v.) were done retrospectively on serum samples obtained at the time of the outbreak. 7 patients had had two previous episodes of clinical hbsag-negative hepatitis. serum samples were available from 24 of the 29 infected patients, and these were paired in 12 instances. there was a slight increase in the titre of a ...	1979	87618
new method for measuring milk intakes in breast-fed babies.	a method for the measurement of milk intake in young breast-fed babies is described in which heavy water (2h2o) enrichment in saliva is measured on only two occasions after a single oral dose of 2h2o. values obtained by this method are compared with those obtained by test-weighing. this new method is ideal for routine surveys since it does not interfere with feeding habits and maternal life style, and no technical expertise is required of the mother.	1979	87889
sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis in west london.		1979	88623
anticonvulsant drugs and cancer. a cohort study in patients with severe epilepsy.	over 2000 epileptic patients admitted to the chalfont centre for epilepsy between 1931 and 1971 and taking anticonvulsants were followed up to the end of 1977. mortality between 1951 and 1977 was greatly in excess of that in the general population of england and wales in that period allowing for age and sex. some of the excess was directly attributable to epilepsy, but there were also more deaths from suicide and circulatory, respiratory, and malignant disease than would be expected. apart from ...	1979	89512
the growth of knowledge about a disease: hepatitis.		1979	224700
an outbreak of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis in bristol.	nineteen cases of keratoconjunctivitis caused by an adenovirus serologically related to types 10 and 19 are described. seventeen of the patients presented over a period of 7 weeks and included 4 who were involved in a minor outbreak at a factory. the presentation and clinical features closely resembled those caused by adenoviruses types 8 and 19. mild to severe follicular conjunctivitis, superficial punctate keratitis, discrete subepithelial opacities, membrane formation, and conjunctival scarri ...	1979	226115
winter vomiting disease caused by calicivirus.	the clinical, epidemiological, and virological features of an outbreak of winter vomiting disease among london schoolchildren are described. evidence is presented to support the view that this epidemic was caused by a human calicivirus, a virus not previously shown to be associated with this disease in man.	1979	229128
"the proper study of mankind, is man." alexander pope (1688--1744)		1979	109936
vaccination against influenza: a five-year study in the post office.	an injection of influenza vaccine was offered to approximately 60 000 postal and telecommunications staff at the beginning of five successive winters. the sickness absence of this group, which included those who accepted the offer of vaccine as well as those who did not, was compared throughout the winter with that of a similar number of employees who were not offered vaccine. the two groups, ;vaccinated' and control, comprised the staff of nearly 400 post office units scattered throughout great ...	1979	110876
measles in monkeys: an epidemiological study.	this study describes aspects of measles in non-human primates. monkeys infected before importation are shown to produce non-immune offspring in captivity in england. the high antibody titres found in most recently imported monkeys decline slowly during captivity in england. while measles is often fatal to monkeys, we have described an outbreak in which a number of symptomless infections occurred. histological examination of fatal cases produced evidence of infection in the wall of the urinary bl ...	1979	114578
the elephant man: 'treat me as an equal' (john merrick, sir frederick treves).		1979	116199
sources and extent of pollution.	before the sources and extent of pollution can be identified a definition of pollutants has to be agreed. the degree of disruption of natural cycles in the global ecosystem in terms of residence times and assimilation capacities must be assessed as a prerequisite of any system of control. the sources of man-made and naturally occurring chemicals that fall into this definition can be categorized and these are presented for reference. specific examples of these categories are discussed in detail, ...	1979	40242
international federation of clinical chemistry. committee on standards. expert panel on proteins. the human serum standard ifcc 74/1.		1979	40717
geochemistry and health in the united kingdom.	before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the united kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. more recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. geochemical rec ...	1979	43529
breast feeding in cambridge, england: factors affecting the mother's milk supply.	mothers breast feeding 2 weeks after delivery were studied. one group (106 mothers) were advised to 'eat for two' during lactation to sustain their milk supply. they were compared at 3 months with a control group of 152 mothers. at 3 months only half as many advised group mothers had weaned their babies due to insufficient milk as control mothers. the numbers weaning for other reasons were similar in both groups. more breast feeding mothers reported an increased appetite during lactation than di ...	1979	256571
classification and prevalence of enamel opacities in the human deciduous and permanent dentitions.		1979	292365
the pride of wandsworth road.		1979	298487
putting mum in the picture.		1979	382130
a satire on the influenza of 1803.		1979	390272
the saintly yet so-human sister dora.		1979	390509
log-linear analysis of dental caries occurrence in four skeletal series.	four skeletal series (corinth, greece; gran quivira, new mexico; semna south, sudanese nubia, and a large group from scattered sites in england) were coded for sex, jaw, tooth group, dental attrition, dental caries, site and time period. through thec concepts of a basal level of caries and a cariosity gradient, a single model was found which best described the occurrence of this disease in these samples. all factors were found to contribute significantly to the model. within the possible subsamp ...	1979	391060
works of the man: extracts from research papers written or co-authored by sir gordon arthur ransome.		1979	391132
in and out of medicine. man at the top.		1979	391341
the donation and transplantation of kidneys: should the law be changed?	it is now eighteen years on since the human tissue act 1961, but this legislation is still unchanged in england, scotland and wales. ian kennedy, in this paper, lays before us the law as it is, the problems of its interpretation and his opinion of what government should be doing to help clarify the situation and remove some of the problems which exist daily for the doctors who face the dilemma of seeking consent for transplants at the moment of extreme grief for the surviving spouses or relative ...	1979	372528
skeletal concentrations of lead in ancient peruvians.	the level of biologic lead (expressed as the ratio of atomic lead to atomic calcium) in bones of peruvians buried 1600 years ago was found to be 3 x 10(-8), as compared to 2100 to 3500 x 10(-8) in the bones of present-day residents of england and the united states. the ratio of barium to calcium was 2 to 3 x 10(-6) in bones of ancient peruvians and present-day americans. barium and lead have similar morphologic distributions in organisms, so this discrepancy for lead must result from overexposur ...	1979	372802
transport ergonomics. conference organized by the ergonomics society at birmingham, 14-15 february 1978 [proceedings].		1979	38109
the mathematical modelling of influenza epidemics.		1979	760930
adjusting designs to school use.		1979	157537
false positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen.	the indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) technique for the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease was used to investigate an outbreak of respiratory disease in a military population. the outbreak was later shown to be caused by an adenovirus. high titres were obtained using the ether-killed antigen supplied by the center for disease control (cdc), atlanta, but not with a formolised yolk-sac antigen prepared in out laboratory. the reactivity of these sera with the cdc antigen was removed by absorption ...	1979	373553
a man in the middle (trevor clay).		1979	375204
professor sir charles stuart-harris.		1979	379839
classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology. observations on certain rheological properties of human cervical secretion: arthur frederick clift. proceedings of the royal society of medicine, vol. 39, pp. 1--9, 1945.		1979	380344
defenders of human welfare. william blake (1757-1827), poet, and charles dickens (1812-1870), novelist.		1979	366473
epidemiology of influenza in man.		1979	367483
a theory of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea.	gonorrhoea is a typical endemic disease. its continuity has been traditionally attributed to the existence of a pool of infected promiscuous women. alternative theories have suggested a dynamic approach which gives equal importance to the man and the woman. models constructed to simulate the epidemiology of gonorrhoea have so far failed to be realistic. an hypothesis that the distribution of infections is limited by the number of opportunities for transmission presented by the pattern of sexual ...	1979	427517
in vitro fertilization: a moratorium is in order.	a moratorium on in vitro fertilization would serve the society. the ivf issue is fraught with moral and legal problems surrounding the subject of ivf experimentation--the embryo--and the effect of this experimentation of individuals, families, and society.	1979	447304
epidemic mechanisms of type a influenza.	the antigenic varieties of influenza a virus isolated from 1968 to 1976 in a surveillance of a small, rather remote population were similar to those from england and wales as a whole, despite frequent antigenic changes during the period. household studies in the first two h3n2 influenza a epidemics found low attack rates within households, a high proportion (70%) of affected households with only one case of influenza, similar distributions of affected households in the two epidemics by the numbe ...	1979	458138
influenza in a geriatric unit.	an outbreak of influenza a (resembling a/victoria/3/75) occurred in 2 geriatric wards in february 1976 and, out of 19 patients, 3 died. of the patients who were at risk, 30% were affected. immunization for influenza in the elderly just before the winter is suggested. the procedure is simple and inexpensive. the recommendations of the dhss (u.k.) for the use of influenza vaccine to practising doctors is, therefore, welcome. the suitable treatment appears to be that of repeated immunization with i ...	1979	461281
genetic polymorphism of human plasminogen.		1979	475330
retinol content of human livers from autopsies in london.		1979	504169
some epidemiological aspects of salmonellosis in relation to animal and human health.		1979	511494
'red'flu': a study of an epidemic in a girls' boarding school in february 1978.	all the girls at a boarding school who presented with symptoms of influenza were interviewed and examined. their symptoms and signs were recorded and related to age, date of last menstrual period, and previous influenza immunization.the age of the girls had no influence on the incidence of disease, nor did the number of girls in each form. however, the attack rate among those not immunized was 61 per cent and those not immunized 71 per cent. there was a highly significant variation in the incide ...	1979	541788
[demographical evidence of the relaxation of natural selection in man (author's transl)].	the author studied demographic data from the u.s., france, chile, england, and wales, considering birth rate, mortality, sex ratio and male proportions in quinquennial periods from 1960 to 1977. moreover, the author has assumed that the difference in sex ratio between live births and fetal deaths is due to x-linked mutations, and has estimated the number of males eliminated by differential mortality. results showed that, in correlation with birth rate decrease, there is a trend of relaxation o ...	1979	545561
the electroencephalogram (eeg) as a research tool in human behavior genetics: psychological examinations in healthy males with various inherited eeg variants. i. rationale of the study. material. methods. heritability of test parameters.	in the first section of this paper, various research designs in human behavior genetics are compared. in this context, the commonly used concept of biometric genetics is critically evaluated from the point of view of science theory. it is contrasted with the mendelian gene concept, which, in principle, leads to a much deeper theoretical understanding by offering clues for basic mechanisms. to explore this advantage fully, a research strategy is needed that first looks for genetic variability in ...	1979	570956
human botulism caused by clostridium botulinum type e: the birmingham outbreak.		1979	575566
nitrate and human cancer: a review of the evidence.	nitrites, derived mainly from ingested nitrates, may react in vivo with secondary nitrogen compounds occurring naturally in certain foods to form n-nitroso compounds, which are potent carcinogens in laboratory animals. this paper reviews the mechanism of their formation and the evidence from epidemiological studies that high nitrate ingestion is involved in the aetiology of human cancer.	1980	6252106
an outbreak of adenovirus type 4 conjunctivitis.	an unusually large outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 4 involved 113 proved cases during a 7-month period. though the disease was less severe than is commonly seen in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by other serotypes, the cornea was affected in 23% of cases and symptoms persisted for at least 5 weeks in 6 patients. a concurrent increase in nonocular adenovirus type 4 infections in the bristol area was not observed. nine of the cases could have arisen as a result of hospit ...	1980	6252950
in-vitro culture of human hydatid material.		1980	6101653
viral hepatitis markers in blood donors with history of jaundice.		1980	6102313
influence of maternal diet on plasma-prolactin levels during lactation.	an improvement in maternal diet produced significant reductions in plasma-prolactin concentration at all stages of lactation. the prolonged high prolactin concentrations found in undernourished mothers may ensure milk synthesis when food intake is limited, by preferentially channelling nutrients towards the breast. the lower hormonal levels associated with improved maternal nutrition may shorten the period of post-partum infertility despite prolonged breast-feeding.	1980	6102628
excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza in england and wales.	by means of a stepwise regression analysis, an estimate was made of the number of deaths and new sickness benefit claims associated with influenza in the winters of 1976--79. in the moderately widespread outbreak of 1976---76 there were 22250 estimated excess deaths, of which 19590 were in the age group 65 years and over. in the same winter there were 908000 estimated excess sickness benefit claims. the smaller outbreaks of the winters of 1976--79 were associated with between 4000 and 6000 exces ...	1980	6102679
sir frederick treves and the elephant man.		1980	6104260
notes on east anglian blood donors.		1980	6776667
sexually transmitted diseases: extract from the annual report of the chief medical officer of the department of health and social security for the year 1978.	in england, a comparison of the number of newly reported cases of sexually transmitted diseases for the years ending june 30, 1977 and 1978 indicated that during the latter year there was an increase in the incidence of early and late syphilis, genital candidosis, genital herpes, simplex, and nonspecific genital infection and a slight decline in the incidence of gonorrhea. during the year ending june 30, 1978, early syphilis increased 5.4% among men and 11.8% among women, and the number of case ...	1980	6893565
thromboplastin reference preparations.	the need for standardization of methods for the control of anticoagulant therapy was apparent 25 years ago. with the development of the ratio method for comparing the sensitivity of different thromboplastin preparations it became possible to equate the value obtained with one preparation in terms of the value which would be obtained with any other preparation, and the need for a reference to serve as a yardstick for comparison became obvious. the first trial reference preparation was developed i ...	1980	6941441
kenneth craik: the man and his work.		1980	6988028