Publications

antifluoridationists persist: the constitutional basis for fluoridation.	the controversy surrounding fluoridation persists. in recent years opponents of fluoridation have resorted to the courts with increasing frequency and have achieved a few victories in the trial courts. to date, however, no appellate court has ruled against fluoridation. this article discusses the constitutional basis for the court decisions upholding fluoridation and the main arguments put forth by the antifluoridationists. five of the more recent cases are summarized, as is the first fluoridati ...	1986	3465958
air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk.	in california, the advent of television and air conditioned housing has coincided with a general decrease in mosquito-borne viral encephalitis cases in humans in the past 25 years. during this same period, levels of vector populations, virus activity in vectors, birds, and horses has been high at times. air conditioning and television encourage persons to remain indoors during summer evenings, the primary time when infected culex tarsalis transmit western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis e ...	1986	3486605
on dying more than one death.	death (with a capital d) can best be understood as a series of distinct but related deaths. for example, a pregnant woman was found to be brain-dead but her vital functions were artificially sustained for nine weeks until her fetus could be delivered, after which the machines were removed and she died a second, conceptually distinct death. this procedure is probably justifiable, but any legislation or policy regarding such cases should be flexible and should require consent.	1986	3957650
mptp toxicity: clinical features.	mptp causes acute irreversible parkinsonism in man that mimics the idiopathic condition exactly. it is therefore a better model of the naturally occurring disease than previously described cases secondary to other chemicals or viruses.	1986	3489070
influenza in the elderly: report of an outbreak and a review of vaccine effectiveness reports.	an outbreak of influenza a in nursing home residents is reported and other studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly populations are reviewed. the outbreak occurred in a los angeles nursing home between february and march 1983. of the 87 residents, 46 (53%) were affected with influenza-like illness. attack rates were similar between immunized and unimmunized residents (52% versus 58%), and yielded a vaccine effectiveness estimate of 10%. no additional protection could be demonstrated ...	1986	3515797
jarvis edwin seegmiller: his contribution to research on purine metabolism, a background to the fifth international symposium on human purine and pyrimidine metabolism--july 28th to august 1st, 1985, san diego, california, u.s.a.		1986	3524130
human and experimental anisakiasis in the united states.	in the past 13 years, 24 cases of anisakiasis have been reported in the united states. of these, 14 were infections by phocanema sp. and found in california and alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. the remaining 10 cases were infections by larvae of anisakis type i (l3 and l4). of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in hawaii. in 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. a characteristic symptom of the throat n ...	1986	3527918
aedes canadensis, a vector of la crosse virus (california serogroup) in ohio.	aedes canadensis was shown to be a vector of la crosse (lac) virus in ohio through isolation of lac virus from field-collected specimens, infection of 54 of 72 (75%) individuals when fed on viremic suckling mice and transmission of lac virus by 29 (54%) of infected individuals. frequent identification of ae. canadensis as a human biting species implicates it as an auxiliary vector of lac virus to man. a possible regional association in ohio of ae. canadensis and type c lac virus is discussed.	1986	3507473
elizabeth bouvia: whose space is this anyway?	elizabeth bouvia, a quadriplegic victim of cerebral palsy, sued riverside hospital in california two years ago for the right to refuse feeding via a nasogastric tube. bouvia fled to mexico when she lost the case, but later returned to california and again sought hospital care without force feedings, though this time she agreed to eat voluntarily. in september 1985 she was transferred from los angeles county-usc medical center to high desert hospital, which instituted a policy of force feeding ...	1986	3084400
your signature is valuable; watch where you put it.		1986	3641604
health risks of pcb spills from electrical equipment.	the southern california edison company (sce) has instituted a series of control strategies designed to minimize human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in electrical equipment used on its system. this paper describes a method of analyzing pcb risks using conservative estimates of human intake of pcbs originating from accidental spills from electrical equipment. the pcb releases from the edison system were determined. the fate of these releases in soil, air, and water was analyzed to d ...	1986	3112870
the life-cycle research productivity of mathematicians and scientists.	declining research productivity with age is implied by economic models of life-cycle human capital investment but is denied by some recent empirical studies. the purpose of the present study is to provide new evidence on whether a scientist's output generally declines with advancing age. a longitudinal data set has been compiled for scientists and mathematicians at six major departments, including data on age, salaries, annual citations (stock of human capital), citations to current output (flow ...	1986	3722738
benzene levels in ambient air and breath of smokers and nonsmokers in urban and pristine environments.	benzene levels in human breath and in ambient air were compared in the urban area of san francisco (sf) and in a more remote coastal pristine setting of stinson beach, calif. (sb). benzene analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). ambient benzene levels were sevenfold higher in sf (2.6 +/- 1.3 ppb, n = 25) than sb (0.38 +/- 0.39 ppb, n = 21). in sf, benzene in smokers' breath (6.8 +/- 3.0 ppb) was greater than in nonsmokers' breath (2.5 +/- 0.8 ppb) and smokers' ambient ...	1986	3735457
stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen as indices of prehistoric dietary dependence on marine and terrestrial resources in southern california.	the ratios of 15n to 14n and 13c to 12c tend to be higher in marine than in terrestrial organisms. the concentrations of these isotopes in human bone collagen consequently can be used to make inferences about the contribution of marine and terrestrial resources to prehistoric diets. the utility of studying 15n/14n and 13c/12c ratios in conjunction with each other is illustrated by our analysis of 40 human burials from archaeological sites in the santa barbara channel area of southern california. ...	1986	3777147
pregnant women as fetal containers.	when mrs. pamela monson was charged under a california child support statute following the death of her newborn son, she became the first woman to be criminally prosecuted for acts and omissions during pregnancy. as a result of her not having followed her doctor's advice, her son was born with massive brain damage and died a few weeks later. annas contends that the crime of "fetal neglect" has serious implications for pregnant women who may lose their rights, suffer invasion of privacy, and ev ...	1986	3804722
proficiency testing materials for ph and blood gases. the california thoracic society experience.	the california thoracic society blood gas proficiency testing program distributed ampules from three separate lots of quality control products every three months as unknowns to participating clinical (survey) laboratories and ten selected reference laboratories. for eight quarters, aqueous buffers were distributed. for each lot, pco2 and ph measurements varied within narrow ranges between laboratories. concurrently, the po2 measurements varied widely between reference laboratories as well as sur ...	1986	3943381
who should have rights to a patient's cells?		1986	3945799
human ventilatory response to washed and unwashed cottons from different growing areas.	thirty volunteer subjects were exposed to controlled amounts of respirable dust generated by the carding of cotton in an experimental cardroom. eighteen exposures each lasting six hours were performed while carding unwashed and washed cottons from the three major growing regions of the united states. elutriated dust was analysed gravimetrically and was comparable (0.59 mg/m3 +/- 0.04) for all exposures. spirometry was recorded before and after each exposure. california cotton resulted in a signi ...	1986	3947581
planning and integrating a behavioural sciences curriculum.	this paper describes methods of planning and integrating an introductory course in human behaviour for first-year medical students, from a primary care perspective. the conceptual model is based on a synthesis of the literature on stress, stress responses and human development. an experiential component integrates didactic material and clinical experience. the teaching methods are based on formats, such as grand-rounds, used by postgraduate doctors. specific techniques are described to integrate ...	1986	3951377
jamestown canyon virus (california serogroup) is the etiologic agent of widespread infection in michigan humans.	in a sample population of 780 michigan residents tested for neutralizing antibodies to california serogroup viruses, 216 (27.7%) had specific neutralizing antibody to jamestown canyon virus. an additional eight (1.0%) had specific neutralizing to trivittatus virus; none had specific neutralizing antibody to la crosse virus. significantly more male residents than female residents of the lower peninsula had antibody to jamestown canyon virus. the frequency of neutralizing antibody titers fits the ...	1986	3953951
north american brugian filariasis: report of nine infections of humans.	nine people living in rhode island, new york, pennsylvania, florida, or california acquired autochthonous brugian filariasis. each patient had an enlarged lymph node containing a single worm or, in one patient, a pair of worms. most worms were in lymphatic vessels within the node, but two worms were in the substance of the node. ten worms were studied, seven female and three male. female worms contained paired uteri that occupied most of the body cavity of the worm, and male worms contained a si ...	1986	3789271
california federal savings and loan association v. guerra, 13 january 1987.	the plaintiff employer and other similar employers challenged the constitutionality of a california law that required employers to provide female employees with up to four months unpaid pregnancy leave with reinstatement in the same or a substantially similar job. they claimed that the law was preempted by title vii of the civil rights act of 1964 because the 1964 act, as amended by the pregnancy discrimination act of 1978, required absolute neutrality in the treatment of pregnant employees wit ...	1987	12346800
seroconversion rates to jamestown canyon virus among six populations of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in indiana.	the annual seroconversion of fawns, yearlings, and adult white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) to jamestown canyon virus (california group) was followed at six indiana sites from 1981 through 1984. in all, sera from 1,642 deer (515 fawns, 618 yearlings, and 509 adults) were tested for neutralizing antibody to three california serogroup viruses: jamestown canyon, la crosse, and trivittatus. virtually all deer with specific neutralizing antibody showed evidence of a prior infection with james ...	1987	3820426
chloramphenicol-resistant salmonella newport traced through hamburger to dairy farms. a major persisting source of human salmonellosis in california.	animal-to-human transmission of drug-resistant salmonella and the role of antimicrobial use in food animals in the emergence of these bacteria are controversial subjects. investigation of a 4.9-fold increase in salmonella newport isolations from californians in 1985 showed that 87 percent of the isolates had an unusual antimicrobial-resistance pattern (including chloramphenicol resistance) and a single, identical plasmid. interviews of 45 patients and 89 matched controls in los angeles county sh ...	1987	3807951
clinical, immunologic, and serologic findings in men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the san francisco men's health study.	forty-nine percent of homosexual/bisexual men were positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in a population-based probability sample of 1034 single men recruited from san francisco. all heterosexual men were negative. among seropositive men, marked lymphadenopathy was present in 29%, and 16% had at least two other symptoms or signs suggestive of hiv infection. however, lymphadenopathy alone failed to indicate severity of immune impairment. the occurrence of two or more cli ...	1987	3491910
benefits associated with wic supplemental feeding during the interpregnancy interval.	interpregnancy wic supplementation was evaluated by comparing maternal nutritional status indicators and subsequent birth outcomes of 703 wic participants divided into two groups. study group women received postpartum benefits for 5-7 mo while control group women received postpartum benefits for only 0-2 mo. both groups received prenatal benefits during each of two study pregnancies. infants born to study group women had a higher mean birthweight (131 g) and birthlength (0.3 cm) and a lower risk ...	1987	3799501
the san francisco men's health study: iii. reduction in human immunodeficiency virus transmission among homosexual/bisexual men, 1982-86.	the prevalence and incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been under study in a cohort of 1,034 single men recruited by area probability sampling from a six kilometer square area of san francisco where the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has been most severe. prevalence of infection among homosexual/bisexual study subjects increased from an estimated 22.8 per cent during the last half of 1982 to 48.6 per cent during the period july through dece ...	1987	3646848
the sexual history-taking and counseling practices of primary care physicians.	as part of a statewide survey of experiences related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and competencies of a random sample of primary care physicians in california done in early 1986, we interviewed 1,000 internists, family and general practitioners about their sexual history-taking and counseling practices. less than 4% have patients complete a history form that includes questions about sexual orientation or practices, and only 10% ask new patients questions specific enough to identify ...	1987	3660773
risk of aids for recipients of blood components from donors who subsequently developed aids.	reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in san francisco as of march 31, 1986, include 92 individuals who had donated blood subsequent to 1978. their donated blood components had been transfused into 406 different recipients. the current status of 336 of these recipients was ascertained as of april 1, 1986. of these, 223 had died at the time of our first contact, almost all as a result of the condition for which they were transfused. seven had developed aids; five of these di ...	1987	3663947
a new threat to pregnant women's autonomy.	courts and legislatures are increasingly being called upon to restrict the autonomy of pregnant women by requiring them to behave in ways that others determine are best for the fetuses they carry. the state should not attempt to transform pregnant women into ideal baby-making machines. pregnant women make decisions about their behavior in the context of the rest of their lives, with all the attendant complexities and pressures. our interest in helping future children by improving prenatal care w ...	1987	3667248
factors influencing the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus between its vertebrate maintenance hosts and from them to humans.	a simple model is used to explore the extent to which the uniquely comprehensive studies of western equine encephalomyelitis in kern county, california, by reeves and his colleagues over many years, explain the dynamics and epidemiology of the infection. it is concluded that not only does this series of integrated field and laboratory studies successfully account for these phenomena, to an extent which is unlikely to be substantially improved upon, not least because of the inherent difficulties ...	1987	3688320
epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis in patients from pakistan.	epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis was diagnosed in three young pakistani men during a 10-month period at the los angeles county-university of southern california medical center. all three patients had recently visited or lived in karachi, pakistan. none had serologic markers of hepatitis b virus infection or igm antibody (acute-phase) to hepatitis a virus. a liver biopsy from one patient showed marked cholestasis and cholangiolar transformation of hepatocytes, a pattern previously described in pat ...	1987	3099621
capillary gas chromatography of cotton dusts associated with human pulmonary function studies.	the effects of geographical area of growth and cotton variety on pulmonary activity have been evaluated through human volunteer exposure studies conducted by niosh and usda at the cotton quality research station, clemson, s.c. these studies demonstrate that carding california cottons releases dust with less human pulmonary activity than dust released from the corresponding mississippi cottons. dust released from texas cottons grown in 1982 was considerably less active than the dust from texas co ...	1987	3105302
sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. the san francisco men's health study.	the san francisco men's health study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. at entry, june 1984 through january 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. no heterosexual participants were hiv seropositive. among homosexual/bisexual men repo ...	1987	3540327
human immunodeficiency virus infections in children: public health and public policy issues.		1987	3547286
envenomation by the sac spider chiracanthium mildei.	a 19-year-old man was abruptly awakened during the night by the painful bite of a female sac spider, later identified as chiracanthium mildei. an erythematous urticarial plaque formed immediately. later, punctate macules appeared, and the bite site became indurated. the clinical response was similar to those reported following bites by chiracanthium spiders in japan, australia, europe, massachusetts, georgia, indiana, california, and hawaii. the necrotic lesions associated with some of those bit ...	1987	3621996
serological survey of prospect hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the usa.	we found serological evidence of infection with prospect hill virus, a hantaan-like virus isolated from meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), in microtine and cricetid rodents trapped in maryland, west virginia, minnesota and california, usa. fluorescent antibodies were detected in sera from m. pennsylvanicus (74/277), m. californicus (39/185), clethrionomys gapperi (5/51), peromyscus maniculatus (4/22) and p. truei (1/11). sera from seropositive p. maniculatus contained neutralizing antibodie ...	1987	2895510
human immunodeficiency virus infections among civilian applicants for united states military service, october 1985 to march 1986. demographic factors associated with seropositivity.	during the six months from october 1985 through march 1986, blood samples from 306,061 civilian applicants for military service from the united states were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hundred sixty subjects were positive for the antibody as determined by western (immune) blot reactivity. the mean prevalence of hiv infection in this population of teenagers and young adults was thus 1.50 per 1000. according to multivariate analysis, the following demographic ...	1987	3474519
the ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the central valley of california, 1945-1985.	reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the central valley of california have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts invol ...	1987	3318522
clinical and serologic studies of canine borreliosis.	during 1984 and 1985, blood samples were obtained from 271 dogs that were suspected of having borreliosis. the dogs lived in areas known to be infested with ticks and had been examined because of limb/joint disorders or for unknown illnesses marked by fever, anorexia, or fatigue. lameness had been the most frequently reported clinical manifestation. analyses of serum specimens, by an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) method or by an elisa, detected antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiol ...	1987	3319989
the response of state agencies to aids, addiction, and alcoholism.	state agencies have been profoundly impacted by the aids epidemic. in the absence of a vaccine that would prevent aids or of medicines that would cure it, the primary strategies of such agencies have focused on reducing the spread of aids by promoting cessation of high risk behaviors and thus preventing or slowing its transmission. recent research indicates that the primary route of aids transmission into the general heterosexual population is by intravenous (iv) drug abusers, who directly accou ...	1987	3329446
risk factors for aids and hiv seropositivity in homosexual men.	the authors compared cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) diagnosed in san francisco, california, during 1983-1984 with human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv) antibody-negative neighborhood and clinic controls, looking for risk factors for clinical aids. they also compared antibody-positive with antibody-negative neighborhood and clinic controls for risk factors for hiv infection. odds ratios were 52.0 for aids and 7.8 for seropositivity for more than 100 sexual partners versus 0-5 pa ...	1987	3646828
human immunodeficiency virus infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users in san francisco.	to investigate the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in san francisco, the prevalence of antibodies to hiv was determined in 281 heterosexual intravenous drug users recruited from community-based settings. ten per cent of subjects had elisa and western blot confirmed seropositivity for antibodies (95 per cent ci 6.8-14.2 per cent). analysis of behavioral factors revealed an increased risk of seropositivity in addicts who reported regularly sharing needles when injecti ...	1987	3467596
human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the san francisco bay area.		1987	3474426
psychosocial predictors of depression. prospective evidence from the human population laboratory studies.	the association between status attributes, personal resources, life stress, physical health, and occurrence of depressive symptoms nine years later was assessed by the 1965 human population laboratory survey of a random sample of 6,928 adults in alameda county, california, and by a subsequent follow-up survey in 1974. in multiple logistic analyses, depressive symptoms at baseline, low education, physical disability or presence of chronic conditions, poor perceived health, personal uncertainty, r ...	1987	3812429
sex differences in addict careers. 1. initiation of use.	five-hundred-sixty-seven heroin addicts admitted to methadone maintenance treatment programs in southern california were included in the present analysis. systematic comparisons were made between women and men for anglo and chicano subpopulations. the behaviors compared focused on initial drug use and other antecedent behaviors during the year prior to initiation of heroin use including interpersonal relationships, other substance use, drug dealing, legal income, and various criminal behaviors. ...	1987	3318399
selected sexual practices of san francisco heterosexual men and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.		1987	3820453
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in ethnic minority homosexual/bisexual men.		1987	3820508
amphetamine detection during toxicology screening of a university medical center patient population.	the frequency of detection of "amphetamines" (amphetamine and/or methamphetamine) in the toxicology tests of a university medical center patient population was evaluated by retrospective review of the results of 2,900 toxicology test profiles performed on urine during the year 1986-87. ten percent of these (291 cases) were positive for either amphetamine alone or amphetamine in conjunction with methamphetamine--a substantial increase from the 3% noted in 1978 at this medical center. amphetamines ...	1987	3323543
phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.	natural killer (nk)3 cells are large granular lymphocytes that appear to play a significant role in the host's defense against viral infection. we performed an extensive phenotypic and functional characterization of nk cells on 41 patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs), or "chronic active epstein-barr virus infection" syndrome, and on 23 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control subjects in an attempt to further characterize this illness. these studies demonstrated that a majority of p ...	1987	2824604
epidemiology and ecology of the california serogroup viruses.	the california serogroup viruses are important human pathogens, originally discovered in the united states, but now recognized to occur and cause disease in many parts of the world. in addition to their significance to public health, study of their natural history has resulted in a better understanding of the way in which arboviruses are maintained in nature. viruses of the california serogroup have also been carefully investigated on the molecular level, resulting in a better appreciation of ho ...	1987	2891311
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children: report of the centers for disease control national surveillance, 1982 to 1985.	since national surveillance for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) began in 1981, the centers for disease control (cdc) has received reports of more than 20,000 cases of aids in the united states. as of december 31, 1985, 307 of these cases had been diagnosed in children younger than 13 years of age. the number of cases is increasing rapidly. the number of cases reported in 1985 more than doubled those reported in 1984. the major risk factors in children for acquiring infection with the c ...	1987	3035476
new policy adopted on the use of babies as donors of organs.		1987	11647839
let no one split asunder: controversy in human genetic engineering.		1987	11650017
wife's employment status and marital duration in a population filing for divorce.	this study analyzes data from a 2% random sample of all couples who filed for divorce/dissolution in california in each of the 6 years, 1966-1971, in order to examine the relationship between wife's employment status and marital duration to separation. using exchange theory, anomie theory, and role conflict as basic theoretical perspectives, the elaboration analysis of the zero order relationship is discussed vis a vis the findings that housewives are likely to be married longer before separati ...	1987	12269160
migration tradeoffs: men's experiences with seasonal lifestyles.	this study examines changes in work, health, and family patterns among men who migrate seasonally between mexico and the us. a representative sample of 219 mexican seasonal migrants to california was obtained in jalisco, mexico, in 1984. the data were generated through a household survey and in-depth follow-up interviews. the findings indicate that migrants experience marked changes and tradeoffs in roles and life styles which are reflected in the workplace and the family. in contrast, chang ...	1987	12314902
the determinants of breastfeeding for mexican migrant women.	this article develops an economic model for assessing mexican agricultural migrants' decision to breastfeed in a sample of 137 women in 3 agricultural communities in california. the resulting hypotheses from the model are linked to health care and welfare program access, cultural factors, and employment. using a probit analysis of the variables, a major finding is that non-traditional practices such as out-of-home child care, birth control, and alcohol use have a negative impact on the probabi ...	1987	12314903
punjabi orchard farmers: an immigrant enclave in rural california.	examination of the adaptation patterns of punjabi sikh orchard farmers in rural california provides further evidence of ways in which strong ethnic enclaves help to promote rapid economic self-sufficiency among immigrant groups. the discussion emphasizes the need to consider not only the cultural traditions of group members, but also the historical context of immigration and the immigrants' perceptions of their particular situation. the punjabi case indicates, too, how the 1965 immigration act ...	1988	12281049
crossing the threshold of fear.	this interview was conducted with a 31-year-old us man from california, who has aids. he was 1st diagnosed in 1982. 4 years later, after a failed suicide attempt and a subsequent period of depression and withdrawal, he began a new career as an aids educator. his work has taken him across the us, where he is a member of the us national association of people with aids (napwa), to africa, as a consultant to the norwegian red cross. he has also advised a number of european aids groups. he belie ...	1988	12281141
cells, sales, and royalties: the patient's right to a portion of the profits.		1988	11650242
a grassroots movement in bioethics: community health decisions.	the author reports on projects funded by the prudential foundation for the community health decisions program, which sponsors open community meetings conducted by volunteers trained in bioethics and in group discussion techniques, with the objectives of reaching social consensus on principles that should govern the future of the health care system and of fostering citizen participation in the political arena. the lessons of community organizing that emerge from this movement are analyzed, along ...	1988	11650796
physicians and euthanasia.		1988	11654768
of medicine, race, and american law: the bubonic plague outbreak of 1900.		1988	11654893
moore v. regents of the university of california.	in 1976, john moore had his spleen removed in the course of treatment for hairy cell leukemia at the ucla medical center. subsequently, a cell line was developed from moore's tissues that offered enormous therapeutic value. doctors applied for patents on the cell line and entered into contracts for its commercial exploitation. moore claimed the modified tissue to be his own property and sued to recover deserved profits. the trial court dismissed moore's case because it failed to set forth a ...	1988	11648571
ruling renews fears of limits on research.		1988	11646695
recent medical malpractice reform measures in eight key states.	over the course of the past quarter century, technological developments in medical science have made it possible for physicians to save the lives and preserve the health of countless patients. unfortunately, it must be remembered that medicine is still as much an art as it is a science. as such, due to this human element, there is always the risk of occasional errors or failures in treatment. when these problems occur in bunches, the stage is set for a medical malpractice crisis. in an attempt t ...	1988	10287858
experimenting with humans. part 2: innovation or exploitation?		1988	10289843
a laundry still needs the human touch.		1988	10290285
have peer reviewers put a price on your head?		1988	10288973
donor organs from human anencephalics: a salutory resource for infant heart transplantation.		1988	3043848
seropositivity for hiv and the development of aids or aids related condition: three year follow up of the san francisco general hospital cohort.	the three year actuarial progression rate to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in a cohort of men in san francisco who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was 22%. an additional 26 (19%) developed aids related conditions. beta 2 microglobulin concentration, packed cell volume, hiv p24 antigenaemia, and the proportion and number of t4 lymphocytes each independently predicted progression to aids. beta 2 microglobulin was the most powerful predictor. the 111 su ...	1988	3126959
human rabies--california, 1987.		1988	3130561
trial of anonymous versus confidential human immunodeficiency virus testing.	before december, 1986, all public human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing in oregon was done confidentially (using names). in december, clients were offered the option of either anonymous or confidential services. as judged by questionnaire responses, the availability of anonymity increased overall demand for testing by 50%: 125% for homosexual/bisexual (gay) men, 56% for female prostitutes, 17% for intravenous drug users, and 32% for other clients. the number of gay clients who had tests inc ...	1988	2899784
genetic polymorphism of natural epstein-barr virus isolates from infectious mononucleosis patients and healthy carriers.	we analyzed epstein-barr virus (ebv) genomes from lymphoblastoid cell lines isolated from patients with infectious mononucleosis and from healthy subjects from california, hawaii, and hong kong between 1970 and 1987. using genetic polymorphism as epidemiological markers, we found that several genotypes of ebv cocirculate in a community and that although most ebv strains isolated from california and southern china may be differentiated genotypically, there was no specific association between geno ...	1988	2901499
testing for human immunodeficiency virus in substance abuse treatment.		1988	3166488
human trials of aids vaccine.		1988	3187913
aids funding: competing needs and the politics of priorities.	despite the department of health and human service's 1983 claim that aids is the nation's "number one health priority," funding for aids research, prevention, and treatment remains inadequate. worse, it is often marshaled from or juxtaposed against other necessary health allocations. consequent aids-related resource crises include diverting funds for research on other diseases to aids investigations, propping up aids prevention efforts at the expense of traditional sexually transmitted disease c ...	1988	3235241
lyme borreliosis in california. acarological, clinical, and epidemiological studies.	the relative abundance of, and spirochetal-infection rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight lyme borreliosis clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern california from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesse ...	1988	3263826
observations in the rehabilitation hospital: twenty years of research.	for the past 20 years two research groups, one in texas and one in california, have been making systematic observations of rehabilitation hospital activities. in both programs interest in recording behavior originated with an environmental psychology orientation. the texas investigations focused primarily on individuals with spinal cord injury, both during rehabilitation and after discharge. in california, the study populations have been primarily those with strokes. early work revealed that pat ...	1988	3408334
prevalence of psychiatric disorders among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. a controlled study.	we used structured diagnostic interviews and rating scales to assess lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders, by dsm-iii criteria, among an unselected sample of 56 ambulatory homosexual men in four groups: men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), men with aids-related complex (arc), men asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic but seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hiv-seronegative men. an age- and demographically matched comparison group of 22 healthy ...	1988	3415427
behavioral risk factors for hiv infection among homosexual men at a boston community health center.	social and behavioral factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were analyzed using cross-sectional data from homosexual and bisexual male clients of a boston community health center. partners from california, and a previous period of greater sexual activity (a "high period"), were independently associated with positive hiv antibody status, as were the frequency of receptive anogenital contact, both during the "high period" and during the last six months.	1988	3422139
leads from the mmwr. human rabies--california, 1987.		1988	3373656
selenium and human health implications in california's san joaquin valley.	an evaluation was conducted on the human health impacts of elevated levels of selenium in the kesterson national wildlife refuge and its surroundings in merced county, california. investigative activities of various agencies were summarized and assessed. agricultural waste water not intended for human use showed elevated selenium concentrations of up to 1400 ppb. levels of selenium in fish (up to 96 ppm, wet weight), aquatic birds (up to 130 ppm in liver, dry weight), and waterfowl (up to 5.3 pp ...	1988	3361620
experience with human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with hepatitis b virus and hepatitis delta virus infections in los angeles, 1977-1985.	stored serum specimens from 723 patients with acute hepatitis b and 228 patients with chronic hepatitis b seen between 1977 and 1985 in the hepatitis clinic of the los angeles county-university of southern california medical center, los angeles, ca, were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv). risk factors were ordered hierarchically; cases with multiple risk factors were tabulated only in the risk group listed first on the clinic records. anti-hiv was first detected in 1 ...	1988	3369423
factors affecting the probability of use of general and medical health and social/community services for mexican americans and non-hispanic whites.	are individual characteristics associated with use of general and mental health and human service sectors similar for mexican americans (mas) and non-hispanic whites (nhws)? we addressed this question using data from the los angeles site of the nimh epidemiologic catchment area program. a random sample of the general population of two mental health catchment areas was interviewed in 1983-1984. with four exceptions, individual variation in sociodemographic factors, insurance coverage, and health ...	1988	3374179
simultaneous detection of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus and of the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus in human serum.		1988	3346573
impact of urban disaster on a university trauma center.	on the eve of the 1984 summer olympics, a deranged man drove his car at high speed onto a pedestriancrowded sidewalk in a suburb of los angeles. the ucla medical center, located two blocks from the scene, received 17 of 51 casualties. one patient arrived in full cardiac arrest and could not be resuscitated. six had minor injuries or temporary hysteria and did not require admission to hospital. the mean injury severity score of the 10 patients who were admitted was 13.6 (range 3 to 48). three pat ...	1988	3348038
geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus markers in parenteral drug abusers.	drug abuse treatment programs in six regions of the united states collaborated in a study aimed at monitoring trends in the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. the wide disparities in hiv seroprevalence in the face of similarities in drug using behavior have important implications for prevention. in the new york city area (harlem, brooklyn), 61 per cent of samples (n = 280) obtained in late 1986 were positive, up from 50 per cent of samples (n = 585) in early 1985. i ...	1988	3348473
hazards of occupational transmission and strategies for prevention of infectious disease in dental education.	the emergence of aids has alerted the nation's health care community to the dangers of occupational transmission of infectious disease. this article assesses the risk of occupational transmission in the health care setting and examines two prevention strategies: vaccination programs and infection control protocols. the implementation of these strategies by the school of dentistry, university of california at san francisco, is recounted to illustrate an institutional response to the issue of infe ...	1988	3165416
hiv disease prevention and treatment. a model for local planning.	since first reported in 1981, about a fourth of all cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the united states have occurred in california. in response to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic, california has developed a five-point strategy consisting of epidemiologic surveillance; prevention education; the provision of medical treatment and supportive services; research; and continuous planning, evaluation, and coordination of programs. given the size and tremendous environm ...	1988	3227698
age and sex biases in the preservation of human skeletal remains.	inaccuracies introduced through biases in preservation are a major source of error in paleodemographic reconstructions. although it is generally assumed that such biases exist, little is known about their magnitude. to investigate this problem, we studied age and sex differences in the preservation of skeletal remains from mission la purisima and a prehistoric cemetery (ca-ven-110). comparison of mortality profiles obtained through analysis of skeletal remains and burial records from the mission ...	1988	3046371
whose waste is it anyway? the case of john moore.	the author reports on a july 1988 decision of a california court of appeals (moore v. regents of the university of california) that recognized a proper cause of action against a doctor who used the diseased spleen he had removed from a patient to produce a product now being tested as an aids treatment without the patient's consent to this use of his spleen cells. the legal concepts of ownership, abandonment, and consent are analyzed as they apply to human body parts, and it is proposed that the ...	1988	3066788
a disputed spleen.	a british barrister considers the implications for english courts of the california decision recognizing a cause of action for the tort of conversion by a patient whose spleen was used to generate a commercially valuable cell line. because legal precedent has established that there may be ownership of an organ taken from a living person which can qualify as "goods" for the purposes of theft or conversion, the patient, as custodian of that body part, may be entitled to all the proceeds produced ...	1988	2903372
anencephalic organ donor program suspended; loma linda report expected to detail findings.		1988	3045354
epidemic listeriosis associated with mexican-style cheese.	in los angeles county, california, 142 cases of human listeriosis were reported from january 1 through august 15, 1985. ninety-three cases (65.5 percent) occurred in pregnant women or their offspring, and 49 (34.5 percent) in nonpregnant adults. there were 48 deaths: 20 fetuses, 10 neonates, and 18 nonpregnant adults. of the nonpregnant adults, 98 percent (48 of 49) had a known predisposing condition. eighty-seven percent (81 of 93) of the maternal/neonatal cases were hispanic. of the listeria m ...	1988	3137471
classification, management, and tracking of abnormal papanicolaou smears.	a system of classifying, managing, and tracking abnormal papanicolaou (pap) smears was used at a california university where 3,289 patients were tested. classification was based on use of the latest cytopathological techniques for identifying characteristics associated with dysplasia and human papilloma virus (hpv). the follow-up success rate was determined for 6-month repeat pap smears, colposcopy patient contact, and biopsy results. pathology report correlations were determined for the noncolp ...	1989	2723261
the dangerous patient.	the dangerous patient requires proper management to ensure appropriate disposition and preclude injury. a safety-conscious public has propelled the issue into the courtroom, and a slowly evolving standard of care is emerging. in some states a legal duty to protect victims of violence exists. understanding human aggression, the potentiating effects of the environment, and prior methods of coping, as well as assessing current behavioral controls and certain statistical correlates all aid managemen ...	1989	2738552
cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in adventist men.	dietary and lifestyle characteristics were evaluated in relation to subsequent prostatic cancer risk in a cohort of approximately 14,000 seventh-day adventist men who completed a detailed lifestyle questionnaire in 1976 and who were monitored for cancer incidence until the end of 1982. during the 6-year follow-up period, 180 histologically confirmed prostatic cancers were detected among some 78,000 man-years of follow-up. increasing educational attainment was associated with significantly decrea ...	1989	2743254
impact of explicit questions about high-risk activities on donor attitudes and donor deferral patterns. results in two community blood centers.	concern about the ineffectiveness of indirect questioning of donors about participation in activities with a high-risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) led our two community blood centers independently to begin direct and explicit questioning of donors about such activities. the impact of direct questioning was assessed via a donor attitude survey and by comparing the number of donors deferred for a positive response to a direct verbal question with the number previously deferre ...	1989	2718236
condom sales at public universities in california: implications for campus aids prevention.	public health officials have called for increased use of condoms to protect americans from sexually acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. to investigate the availability of condoms for sale on college campuses, we asked student union directors and bookstore managers from all 28 public universities in california, with a combined enrollment of half a million students, to complete a detailed questionnaire in august and september 1987. two thirds of the campuses reported having con ...	1989	2723259