Publications

full-genome sequence of chicken anemia virus strain gxc060821, isolated from a guangxi sanhuang chicken.	we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel chicken anemia virus strain gxc060821, isolated from a sanhuang chicken in guangxi province of southern china. the complete genome of gxc060821 was sequenced. the full-length of gxc060821 is 2,292 bp and contains three overlapping open reading frames (orfs). a comparison of the complete sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of gxc060821 with 31 other published chicken anemia virus sequences showed that the homologies of the nucleot ...	2014	24558234
experimental pathological studies of an indian chicken anaemia virus isolate and its detection by pcr and fat.	chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) is one of the potent immunosuppressive and economically important agents affecting poultry industry worldwide. recent reports indicate the emergence of this virus in the poultry flocks of the country. the present study aimed to investigate the pathogenic potential of a recent isolate of ciav obtained from poultry flock of uttaranchal state, india. twenty first day-old age specific pathogen free (spf) chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with 10(4.5) medi ...	2014	26035953
evidence of apoptosis induced by viral protein 2 of chicken anaemia virus.	although viral protein 3 (vp3) of chicken anaemia virus (cav) has been well recognised as an inducer of apoptosis, viral protein 2 (vp2) of the virus has only been speculated to have apoptotic activity. this has not been verified because the open reading frame (orf) encoding vp2 completely encompasses that encoding vp3, and thus the possibility of expression of vp3 cannot be excluded. the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of vp2 as an inducer of apoptosis. site-directed mutag ...	2015	26233670
epidemiology and genetic characteristics of pigeon circovirus (picv) in eastern china.	pigeon circovirus (picv) is one of four viruses in the family circoviridae that affect young pigeons around the world. we collected 158 serum or tissue samples from six poultry farms in eastern china to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of picv in chinese pigeons. we tested for picv using a pcr assay and found that picv was present in 80.7 % (88/109) of diseased pigeons and 63.3 % (31/49) of healthy pigeons; overall, 75.3 % (119/158) of samples were picv positive. one picv-p ...	2015	25348272
enhanced tumour cell nuclear targeting in a tumour progression model.	there is an urgent need for new approaches to deliver bioactive molecules to cancer cells efficiently and specifically.	2015	25885577
application of cross-priming amplification (cpa) for detection of fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed among chickens. detection of fadvs is mainly accomplished by virus isolation, serological assays, various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). to increase the diagnostic capacity of currently applied techniques, cross-priming amplification (cpa) for the detection of the fadv hexon gene was developed. the single cpa assay was optimised to detect all serotypes 1-8a-8b-11 representing the species ...	2015	25655263
characterization of mabs to chicken anemia virus and epitope mapping on its viral protein, vp1.	three (mocav/f2, mocav/f8 and mocav/f11) of four mouse mabs established against the a2/76 strain of chicken anemia virus (cav) showed neutralization activity. immunoprecipitation showed a band at ~50 kda in a2/76-infected cell lysates by neutralizing mabs, corresponding to the 50 kda capsid protein (vp1) of cav, and the mabs reacted with recombinant vp1 proteins expressed in cos7 cells. mocav/f2 and mocav/f8 neutralized the 14 cav strains tested, whereas mocav/f11 did not neutralize five of the ...	2015	25568186
transformed cell-specific induction of apoptosis by porcine circovirus type 1 viral protein 3.	several members of the family circoviridae have been shown to encode proteins with apoptotic activity. for example, both porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and chicken anemia virus (cav) encode a third viral protein (vp3) that has been shown to be cytotoxic. interestingly, in the case of the cav protein (designated apoptin), apoptosis is specific to transformed cell types. similarities in genome structure and organization suggest that pcv type 1 (pcv1) may also contain a third orf, which codes for ...	2015	25381055
development of a subunit vaccine containing recombinant chicken anemia virus vp1 and pigeon ifn-γ.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is a severe threat to the chicken industry and causes heavy economic losses worldwide. in this study, we evaluated the immune response and protective efficacy provided by a subunit vaccine containing recombinant vp1 (rvp1) and pigeon interferon-γ (rpiifn-γ). results indicated that rpiifn-γ enhanced humoral immunity elicited by rvp1 as early as 10 day after primary immunization and reach the high titer after secondary immunization. when compared to chickens immunized wi ...	2015	26315776
apoptin interacts with and regulates the activity of protein kinase c beta in cancer cells.	apoptin, the vp3 protein from chicken anaemia virus (cav), induces tumour cell-specific cell death and represents a potential future anti-cancer therapeutic. in tumour but not in normal cells, apoptin is phosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus, enabling its cytotoxic activity. recently, the β isozyme of protein kinase c (pkcβ) was shown to phosphorylate apoptin in multiple myeloma cell lines. however, the exact mechanism and nature of interaction between pkcβ and apoptin remain unclear. h ...	2015	25828882
apoptin as a potential viral gene oncotherapeutic agent.	the use of viruses for treatment of cancer overcomes the bottlenecks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. several viruses and their proteins have been evaluated for oncolytic effect. the vp3 protein (apoptin) of chicken anemia virus is one such protein with an inherent ability to lyse cancer and transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. in the present study, the apoptosis inducing potential of vp3 protein of cav was evaluated in human cervical cancer cell line (hela). it was found that ...	2015	25809990
assessing the efficacy of an inactivated chicken anemia virus vaccine.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes chicken infectious anemia (cia) which is a highly contagious avian disease. cav causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the current cav vaccine is a live attenuated strain administered in the drinking water that risks horizontal infection of other chickens. the purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine against cav that can be administered safely using a highly pathogenic isolate inactivated wi ...	2015	25758933
serological and molecular detection of chicken anaemia virus in iranian poultry flocks.	despite chicken being the main natural host for chicken anaemia virus (cav), other birds may be infected by this virus too. in this study we examined chickens, turkeys, and quails for serological and molecular detection of cav in iran. for this study, we used 375 sera and thymus samples from broiler chickens, 100 sera and blood samples from turkeys, and 250 thymus samples from quails. the sample were collected from all over iran between 2009 and 2010. serum samples were examined using elisa. dna ...	2015	26455374
association of increased rate of condemnation of broiler carcasses due to hepatic abnormalities with immunosuppressive diseases in the broiler chicken industry in saskatchewan.	the objective of this study was to identify the causative agents of hepatitis observed in broiler chickens at processing. livers of chickens from 16 broiler farms in saskatchewan with gross lesions of hepatitis were collected at processing. in addition to routine bacterial isolation and histopathological examination, serologic studies for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and chicken anaemia virus (cav), calculation of the ratio of the weight of the bursa of fabricius (bf) to body weight (b ...	2015	26424905
transcriptomic profiling of virus-host cell interactions following chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection in an in vivo model.	chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an economically important virus that targets lymphoid and erythroblastoid progenitor cells leading to immunosuppression. this study aimed to investigate the interplay between viral infection and the host's immune response to better understand the pathways that lead to cav-induced immunosuppression. to mimic vertical transmission of cav in the absence of maternally-derived antibody, day-old chicks were infected and their responses measured at various time-points pos ...	2015	26244502
avian gyrovirus 2 dna in fowl from live poultry markets and in healthy humans, china.		2015	26196944
t-cell reprogramming through targeted cd4-coreceptor and t-cell receptor expression on maturing thymocytes by latent circoviridae family member porcine circovirus type 2 cell infections in the thymus.	although porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases have been evaluated for known immune evasion strategies, the pathogenicity of these viruses remained concealed for decades. surprisingly, the same viruses that cause panzootics in livestock are widespread in young, unaffected animals. recently, evidence has emerged that circovirus-like viruses are also linked to complex diseases in humans, including children. we detected pcv2 genome-carrying cells in fetal pig thymi. to elucidate viru ...	2015	26038767
development of a blocking latex agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to chicken anemia virus.	a blocking latex agglutination test (b-lat) developed in this study was evaluated for the detection of antibodies against chicken anemia virus (cav) in chickens. polystyrene latex beads were coupled with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to cav (mab-beads). when mab-beads were mixed with antigens prepared from the lysate of mdcc-msb1 cells infected with cav, agglutination occurred. a short pre-incubation of cav antigens with cav-specific antiserum inhibited the agglutination of mab-beads. ...	2015	25952731
inhibitory effect of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells with apoptin on hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo.	hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is an aggressive tumor and has become one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in the world. the rate of post-operative recurrence and metastasis are still high even though after surgical resection. it is a difficult problem with extraordinary importance for the clinical treatment. so stem cell therapy becomes one of the anti-tumor biotherapy methods which is exploring. due to the feature of homing to tumor site and immunosuppressive, mesenchymal stem cells ...	2016	27142531
combined administration of the apoptin gene and poly (i:c) induces potent anti-tumor immune response and inhibits growth of mouse mammary tumors.	many viral proteins exhibit selective cytotoxicity for tumor cells without affecting the normal diploid cells. the apoptin protein of chicken infectious anemia virus is one of such proteins, which has been shown to kill tumor cells specifically. however, an effective cancer treatment strategy also requires assistance from the immune system. recently, poly (i:c) has been shown to be an effective cancer vaccine adjuvant.	2016	27064544
occurrence and phylogenetic studies of chicken anemia virus from polish broiler flocks.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is a widespread chicken pathogen of significant economic importance. in 2013, broiler chicken flocks in poland were examined for the presence of cav, and phylogenetic relatedness between the strains was established. ten cloacal swabs from each of 106 broiler flocks (birds aged 3-6 wk) were collected in different regions of the country and tested with the use of real-time pcr (all samples) and conventional pcr (those samples positive in real-time pcr) assays. the presen ...	2016	26953947
persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of marek's disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughterhouses.	the chicken anemia virus (cav) and marek's disease virus (mdv) infect chickens worldwide; a single or dual infection by these viruses has a great impact on poultry production. in the present study, we examined the existence of cav antigen and its inclusions in marek's disease (md) lymphomas in chickens in the slaughterhouses of iwate prefecture, japan. forty-nine spleens and 13 livers with different degrees of nodular lesions were histopathologically examined at our laboratory. grossly, the test ...	2016	26888585
isolation and pathogenic analysis of virulent marek's disease virus field strain in china.	marek's disease (md) has become increasingly common in china, resulting in considerable economic loss. the etiological agent is unclear. in this study, we isolated a field md virus (mdv) strain, designated sx1301, from cvi988/rispens-vaccinated chickens with tumors. co-infection of avian leukosis virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, and chicken infectious anemia virus was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, dna blotting hybridization, and indirect immunofluor ...	2016	26976907
molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus from contaminated live-virus vaccines.	the aim of this study was to investigate possible causes of the pervasiveness of chicken infectious anemia virus ( ciav: ) infection in chickens in recent years in china. a total of 14 batches of live-virus vaccines were examined using pcr to detect ciav contamination, of which only 2 samples (a newcastle disease vaccine and a fowl pox vaccine) tested positive for ciav. these newcastle and fowl pox vaccines were then inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. serum samples were c ...	2016	27811322
first detection of chicken anemia virus and norovirus genogroup ii in stool of children with acute gastroenteritis in taiwan.	to date, there has been no report of co-infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) with enteric virus in patients with acute gastroenteritis (age). cav has been recently detected in various types of human samples including stool, indicating pathogenicity in gastrointestinal tract. examination by pcr-based methods of cav and norovivus genogroup ii (nv gii) in stool of 110 children with age at a hospital in taiwan revealed for the first time of co-infection in two cases. this is the first description ...	2016	27405124
[effect of low dose of chicken infectious anemia virus in attenuated vaccine on spf chicken body weight and vaccine immune antibody].	in order to observe the effect of the immune and weight of chickens after use the attenuated vaccine with low dose of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). in this study, the effects of low dose of ciav on the weight of spf chickens and ndv antibody production were observed by simulated experiments. the results showed that 10 eid50 and 5 eid50 ciav per plume attenuated ndv vaccines were used to cause the weight loss of spf chickens. compared with the use of the non contaminated vaccine group, ...	2016	27396163
genomic analysis of the chicken infectious anemia virus in a specific pathogen-free chicken population in china.	the antibody to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) was positive in a specific pathogen-free (spf) chicken population by elisa test in our previous inspection, indicating a possible infection with ciav. in this study, blood samples collected from the spf chickens were used to isolate ciav by inoculating into msb1 cells and pcr amplification. a ciav strain (sd1403) was isolated and successfully identified. three overlapping genomic fragments were obtained by pcr amplification and sequencing. t ...	2016	27298822
impact of virus load on immunocytological and histopathological parameters during clinical chicken anemia virus (cav) infection in poultry.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is one the important pathogen affecting commercial poultry sector globally by causing mortality, production losses, immunosuppression, aggravating co-infections and vaccination failures. here, we describe the effects of cav load on hematological, histopathological and immunocytochemical alterations in 1-day old infected chicks. the effects of cav on cytokine expression profiles and generation of virus specific antibody titer were also studied and compared with viral cl ...	2016	27165537
ptd4-apoptin induces bcl-2-insensitive apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.	worldwide, cervix carcinoma is among the most dangerous cancer types, and novel therapies are under development. cancer treatments are often hampered because of lack of specificity. the chicken anemia virus-derived apoptin induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and leaves normal cells unharmed. here, we have carried out in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the cytotoxic effect of apoptin in a cervix carcinoma model. apoptin was fused to the protein transduction domain 4 (ptd4), enabling deliver ...	2016	27548349
activation of the chicken anemia virus apoptin protein by chk1/2 phosphorylation is required for apoptotic activity and efficient viral replication.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is a single-stranded circular dna virus that carries 3 genes, the most studied of which is the gene encoding vp3, also known as apoptin. this protein has been demonstrated to specifically kill transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed in a manner that is independent of p53 status. although the mechanistic basis for this differential activity is unclear, it is evident that the subcellular localization of the protein is important for the difference. in normal ...	2016	27512067
therapeutic targeting of liver cancer with a recombinant dna vaccine containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus via apoptotic-dependent pathways.	a total of ~38.6 million mortalities occur due to liver cancer annually, worldwide. although a variety of therapeutic methods are available, the efficacy of treatment at present is extremely limited due to an increased risk of malignancy and inherently poor prognosis of liver cancer. gene therapy is considered a promising option, and has shown notable potential for the comprehensive therapy of liver cancer, in keeping with advances that have been made in the development of cancer molecular biolo ...	2016	27900002
viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes are everywhere!	circular single-stranded dna viruses infect archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotic organisms. the relatively recent emergence of single-stranded dna viruses, such as chicken anemia virus (cav) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), as serious pathogens of eukaryotes is due more to growing awareness than to the appearance of new pathogens or alteration of existing pathogens. in the case of the ubiquitous human circular single-stranded dna virus family anelloviridae, there is still no convincing direct causa ...	2017	28715975
a survey for selected avian viral pathogens in backyard chicken farms in finland.	backyard poultry are regaining popularity in europe and increased interest in the health and management of non-commercial farms has resulted. furthermore, commercial poultry farm owners have become concerned about the risk represented by contagious avian diseases that nearby backyard poultry could transmit. fifty-one voluntary backyard chicken farms were visited between october 2012 and january 2013. blood samples and individual cloacal swabs were collected from 457 chickens. in 44 farms (86%), ...	2017	27624642
molecular characterization of pigeon torque teno virus (pttv) in jiangsu province.	the torque teno virus (ttv) is a recently discovered dna virus that has been detected in many different hosts, including humans, livestock and poultry. to date, there is no report of pigeon ttv (pttv) from anywhere in the world. to investigate the distribution of pttv in pigeons from the eastern chinese province of jiangsu and characterize their genomes, we employed pcr to detect pttv in 144 samples collected from 6 pigeon plants in jiangsu province, amplify complete genomes from representative ...	2017	28527409
molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus outbreaks in nagpur province, india from 2012 to 2015.	chicken anemia virus (cav) is one of the important poultry pathogen. cav infection can cause immunosuppression, aggravation of co-infections, vaccination failures and mortality. we are reporting the cav outbreaks from the nagpur province of india, between the years 2012-2015. the breeds included cockerel and black australorp of age varying from 29 to 50 days. the mortality rate observed among poultry was from 20% to 62.5%. clinical symptoms like anemia, subcutaneous hemorrhages, growth retardati ...	2017	27899306
human gyrovirus-apoptin interferes with the cell cycle and induces g2/m arrest prior to apoptosis.	the human gyrovirus-apoptin (hgyv-apoptin) is a protein that gained attention because it is selectively cytotoxic toward cancer cells. in this study, we have investigated the effect of hgyv-apoptin on cell cycle progression of cancer cells. we also compared hgyv-apoptin's action to its homologue chicken anemia virus apoptin (cav-apoptin). we show that hgyv-apoptin induces g2/m arrest in cancer cells. this is at least in part due to the fact that hgyv-apoptin induces an abnormal spindle formation ...	2017	28386695
genomic characterization of recent chicken anemia virus isolates in china.	chicken anemia virus (cav) causes diseases in young chickens, which include increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, generalized lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression. in the present study, we have identified 22 cav strains isolated from several commercial chicken farms in northern china during 2014-2015. in addition, two cavs were also isolated from stray mouse and dog feces, respectively. to our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of cav from mouse and dog f ...	2017	28344576
genetic analysis of two chicken infectious anemia virus variants-related gyrovirus in stray mice and dogs: the first report in china, 2015.	chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) causes acute viral infection in chickens worldwide. it can infect chickens of all ages, but the disease is seen only in young chickens and is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions in the muscles, atrophic changes in the lymphoid organs, aplastic bone marrow, and immunosuppression causing increased mortality. previous studies have demonstrated that ciav can be isolated from blood specimens of humans and fecal samples of stray cats. in the present study, two v ...	2017	28326326
c-terminal region of apoptin affects chicken anemia virus replication and virulence.	chicken anemia virus (cav) causes anemia and immune suppression, which are important diseases in the poultry industry. cav vp3, also referred as 'apoptin', has been shown to selectively kill tumor cells, raising great hopes for its utilization as an anticancer therapy. the ability of apoptin to induce apoptosis is closely related to its nuclear localization. the c-terminal region of apoptin contains a bipartite nuclear localization signals (nls), and a nuclear export signal (nes) is located betw ...	2017	28222746
revisiting the taxonomy of the family circoviridae: establishment of the genus cyclovirus and removal of the genus gyrovirus.	the family circoviridae contains viruses with covalently closed, circular, single-stranded dna (ssdna) genomes, including the smallest known autonomously replicating, capsid-encoding animal pathogens. members of this family are known to cause fatal diseases in birds and pigs and have been historically classified in one of two genera: circovirus, which contains avian and porcine pathogens, and gyrovirus, which includes a single species (chicken anemia virus). however, over the course of the past ...	2017	28155197
a truncated apoptin protein variant selectively kills cancer cells.	apoptin is a nonstructural protein encoded by one of the three open reading frames of the chicken anemia virus genome. it has attracted a great deal of interest due to its ability to induce apoptosis in multiple transformed and malignant mammalian cell lines without affecting primary and non-transformed cells. however, the use of apoptin as an anticancer drug is restricted by its strong tendency to aggregate. a number of methods to overcome this problem have been proposed, including transduction ...	2017	28120180
unexpected heat shock element binding ability and tumor-killing activity of the combinatorial function domain of apoptin.	apoptin, derived from the chicken anemia virus, has been found to exert tumor-preferential apoptotic activity. it is a potential anticancer agent with direct clinical applications. however, if this viral protein were to be used as a new drug, it might also induce a strong immune response, causing toxic side effects. in a previous study, our group showed that tat-apoptin downregulates the stress expression of heat shock protein 70 by competing with heat shock factor protein 1 in binding to the he ...	2017	28045701
genetically engineered and self-assembled oncolytic protein nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.	the integration of a targeted delivery with a tumour-selective agent has been considered an ideal platform for achieving high therapeutic efficacy and negligible side effects in cancer therapy. here, we present engineered protein nanoparticles comprising a tumour-selective oncolytic protein and a targeting moiety as a new format for the targeted cancer therapy. apoptin from chicken anaemia virus (cav) was used as a tumour-selective apoptotic protein. an egfr-specific repebody, which is composed ...	2017	28024232
full-length infectious clone of an iranian isolate of chicken anemia virus.	an iranian field strain of chicken anemia virus (cav), designated ir cav, was isolated in the marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 (msb1) culture for the first time. the full-length cav dna of this strain was cloned in the bacterial plasmid ptz57r/t to create the molecular clone ptz-cav. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of viral proteins of ir cav were compared with those of representative cav sequences including reference and commercial vaccine str ...	2017	27933433