Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| direct contact with herpes simplex virus-infected cells results in inhibition of lymphokine-activated killer cells because of cell-to-cell spread of virus. | natural killer (nk) and lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells are disarmed after contact with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells. cells infected with hsv-1 mutants that lack glycoproteins essential for viral entry into cells (gb, gd, gk, gh, and gl) did not inhibit lak cells; cells infected with hsv-1 mutants that lack glycoproteins not required for virus entry into cells (ge, gi, gg, and gj) inhibited lysis. lak cells became infected after contact with target cells infected with wild-t ... | 1993 | 8228345 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with encephalitis using the polymerase chain reaction. | herpes simplex encephalitis is a neurologic emergency demanding immediate institution of specific therapy in order to prevent mortality. diagnosis, however, is a complex matter with controversy existing over the appropriateness of brain biopsy. we report the demonstration of herpes simplex virus dna by means of the polymerase chain reaction (prc) in the cerebrospinal fluid of 3 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. one of the patients suffered from brain-stem encephalitis with high intensit ... | 1993 | 8229072 |
| mutually exclusive binding of two cellular factors within a critical promoter region of the gene for the ie110k protein of herpes simplex virus. | we have examined the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in constitutive transcription of the promoter for the ie110k protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. our results indicate that while the ie110k gene is activated by vmw65, it also exhibits very efficient constitutive expression approximating that from the simian virus 40 early enhancer-promoter region. we show that despite the presence of multiple copies of the octamer consensus site which mediate oct-1 binding and subsequent vmw65 acti ... | 1993 | 8230442 |
| binding sites for the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein icp4 impose an increased dependence on viral dna replication on simple model promoters located in the viral genome. | we examined the ability of binding sites for the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein icp4 to alter the regulation of closely linked promoters by placing strong icp4 binding sites upstream or downstream of simple tata promoters in the intact viral genome. we found that binding sites strongly reduced the levels of expression at early times postinfection and that this effect was partially overcome after the onset of viral dna replication. these data confirm that dna-bound icp4 can inhibit ... | 1993 | 8230448 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (lat) promoter deletion mutants can express a 2-kilobase transcript mapping to the lat region. | the results of studies in several laboratories suggest that a tata box-containing promoter located in the herpes simplex virus type 1 internal long repeat and long terminal repeat elements drives expression of the latency-associated transcripts (lats). in the present study, we show that expression of a 2-kb lat-related transcript can occur in the absence of this lat tata promoter, indicating the existence of a cryptic promoter. by northern (rna) blot analysis, we have examined lat expression by ... | 1993 | 8230451 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 open reading frame rl1 encodes a polypeptide of apparent m(r) 37k equivalent to icp34.5 of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain f. | the region between the 'a' sequence and the 5' end of the ie1 gene within the long repeat sequence of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) genome plays an important role in the neurovirulence of both hsv-1 strain f and hsv-1 strain 17. however, there has been controversy over the protein-coding potential of this region. although an open reading frame (orf) was predicted in hsv-1(f) and shown to encode a polypeptide called icp34.5, only recently has a corresponding orf, designated rl1, been recognized ... | 1993 | 8245868 |
| [three cases of herpes simplex virus type 2 myelitis--detection of hsv2 dna in cerebrospinal fluid]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique has been successfully used to detect herpes simplex virus (hsv) from patients with hsv encephalitis. by pcr assay capable of differentiating hsv1 and 2, we detected hsv 2 dna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with hsv myelitis and discussed the clinical findings. three cases of hsv myelitis (a 49-year-old female, two 38- and 44-year-old males) were studied. all cases were characterized by transverse myelopathy of the thoracic cord, and two patie ... | 1993 | 8252822 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the uracil-dna glycosylase dna repair enzyme from herpes simplex virus type 1. | a 28.5 kda catalytic fragment of the uracil-dna glycosylase dna repair enzyme from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been crystallized using protein from a highly expressing escherichia coli clone of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul2 gene. the protein crystallizes at 12 mg/ml from 11% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 8000 at ph values in the range 6.8 to 7.0, in the presence of (nh4)2so4. long trigonal rods (0.08 mm x 0.08 mm x > 0.5 mm) diffract beyond 3.0 a using a laboratory source. the enzy ... | 1993 | 8254688 |
| immunogenicity in mice of tandem repeats of an epitope from herpes simplex gd protein when expressed by recombinant adenovirus vectors. | the antigenic and immunogenic potential was examined of human adenovirus type 5 (ad) recombinants carrying and expressing from one to four tandem repeats of a linear neutralizing epitope from the gd protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) as a fusion with the beta-galactosidase protein. the fusion proteins produced by these ad vectors in infected cell culture reacted with a herpes simplex virus (hsv) epitope-specific monoclonal antibody to a degree dependent on the number of epitope repea ... | 1993 | 7504857 |
| epitope mapping of the 273-284 region of hsv glycoprotein d by synthetic branched polypeptide carrier conjugates. | to investigate the antigenicity of a predicted epitope region of herpes simplex virus gd, peptides comprising the 273-284 sequence have been synthesized and conjugated to a branched polypeptide with polylysine backbone (poly[l-lys-(dl-alam)], ak). in order to analyze the effect of the carrier on the solution conformation of the potential peptide-epitopes, three peptides (273-284, 273-281 and 276-284) and their polypeptide conjugates were studied by cd spectroscopy in pbs or in tfe. in immunized ... | 1993 | 7504960 |
| detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to glycoprotein g-2 by western blot (immunoblot) for diagnosis of initial herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infections. | western blots (immunoblots) for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in patients' sera were developed. the locations of the type-specific glycoprotein g (gpg-2) of hsv-2 (92- and 140-kda forms) and glycoprotein c of hsv-1 (gpc-1), which carries mostly type-specific antigenic epitopes, were checked with specific monoclonal antibodies. western blot assays for igm antibody to gpc-1 or gpg-2 were performed after depletion of ig ... | 1993 | 7508453 |
| herpes simplex virus icp0 and icp4 immediate early proteins strongly enhance expression of a retrovirus harboured by a leptomeningeal cell line from a patient with multiple sclerosis. | a leptomeningeal cell line (lm7) harbouring an unknown retrovirus was recently isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with multiple sclerosis. however, spontaneous expression of the lm7 retrovirus in this primary culture is quite low. we present results showing that in vitro infection of lm7 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), but not that of control cells, results in (i) potent stimulation of the specific reverse transcriptase (rt) activity detected in the culture supern ... | 1993 | 7678635 |
| induction of interleukin-8 gene expression is associated with herpes simplex virus infection of human corneal keratocytes but not human corneal epithelial cells. | interleukin-8 (il-8) is a proinflammatory cytokine released at sites of tissue damage by various cell types. one important function of il-8 is to recruit neutrophils into sites of inflammation and to activate their biological activity. stromal keratitis induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is characterized by an initial infiltration of neutrophils. this study was carried out to determine whether cells resident in the cornea synthesize il-8 after virus infection. pure cultures of epithe ... | 1993 | 7687302 |
| the product of the ul31 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein which partitions with the nuclear matrix. | the nucleotide sequence of the ul31 open reading frame is predicted to encode a basic protein with a hydrophilic amino terminus and a nuclear localization signal. to identify its gene product, we constructed a viral genome in which the thymidine kinase gene was inserted between the ul31 and ul32 open reading frames. the thymidine kinase gene was then deleted, and in the process, the 5' terminus of the ul31 open reading frame was replaced with a 64-bp sequence in frame with the complete, authenti ... | 1993 | 7692079 |
| human herpesvirus-6 glycoprotein h and l homologs are components of the gp100 complex and the gh external domain is the target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibody (mab) 2e4 neutralizes infectivity of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and also inhibits virus-induced t-lymphocyte syncytia formation. here we characterize two additional mabs, 1d3 and 5e7, which have similar properties, and identify the glycoprotein targets. the mabs could immunoprecipitate and immunofluorescence glycoprotein from both a and b variant strain groups of hhv-6. in reactions with infected cells the mabs immunoprecipitated a complex of ... | 1993 | 7692666 |
| identification of renal sympathetic preganglionic neurons in hamsters using transsynaptic transport of herpes simplex type 1 virus. | herpes viruses have been used as retrograde transsynaptic tracers to identify pathways from the cns to specific target tissues. we used herpes simplex virus to identify central nervous system neurons responsible for control of the kidney. herpes simplex type 1 or herpes simplex type 2 was injected into rat kidneys and herpes simplex type 1 was microinjected into hamster and guinea pig kidneys. after three to seven days, ganglia, spinal cords and brains were examined using immunohistochemistry to ... | 1993 | 7694186 |
| the n-7-substituted acyclic nucleoside analog 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesvirus replication. | 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine (compound s2242) represents the first antivirally active nucleoside analog with the side chain attached to the n-7 position of the purine ring. compound s2242 strongly inhibits the in vitro replication of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) (50% effective concentration [ec50], 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/ml), varicella-zoster virus (ec50, 0.01 to 0.02 microgram/ml) and thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient strains of hsv (ec50, 0.4 mic ... | 1994 | 7695251 |
| staining characteristics and antiviral activity of sulforhodamine b and lissamine green b. | fluorescein and rose bengal are dyes used routinely in the examination of the ocular surface. as part of an ongoing search for a superior ophthalmic dye with optimal specificity and sensitivity and a lack of interference with subsequent viral cultures, and as part of studies that use chemical dyes to understand better the pathophysiology of ocular surface disorders, the staining characteristics and antiviral activity of sulforhodamine b and lissamine green b were investigated. | 1994 | 7510270 |
| sce frequency of herpes simplex virus type i infected cells. | the effects of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) on sce frequencies in human lymphocytes in vitro were investigated. sce frequencies in controls (mean +/- 1sd 5.2 +/- 1.6) and in cells exposed to the virus for 3 and 6 h (mean +/- 1sd 5.3 +/- 1.6 and 5.8 +/- 1.6 respectively) were about the same. however, cells infected for 9 to 24 h showed a significant increase of sce frequencies (p < 0.05). | 1994 | 7512205 |
| axonal transport of herpes simplex virions to epidermal cells: evidence for a specialized mode of virus transport and assembly. | to examine the transmission of herpes simplex virus (hsv) from axon to epidermal cell, an in vitro model was constructed consisting of human fetal dorsal root ganglia cultured in the central chamber of a dual-chamber tissue culture system separated from autologous skin explants in an exterior chamber by concentric steel cylinders adhering to the substratum through silicon grease and agarose. axons grew through the agarose viral diffusion barrier and terminated on epidermal cells in the exterior ... | 1994 | 7517552 |
| in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes viral activities and biological properties of cv-arau. | we compared the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and other biological properties of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-[(e)-2-chlorovinyl]uracil (cv-arau) and 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-[(e)-2-bromovinyl]uracil (bv-arau, sorivudine). both cv-arau and bv-arau exhibited antiviral activities against hsv-1 in the cell culture derived from mouse, though the activities were lower than those seen in human cells. for intraperitoneal and intracerebral infection ... | 1994 | 7710267 |
| synergistic anti-herpes effect of tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma in human corneal epithelial cells compared with that in corneal fibroblasts. | in this study we compared how effectively the proinflammatory cytokines tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma could inhibit hsv-1 replication in human corneal tissue fragments and monolayers of epithelial cells and fibroblasts derived from intact corneas, and investigated the mechanism responsible for the inhibition. pretreatment of corneal tissue or cells derived therefrom with tnf-alpha (50 u/ml) and ifn-gamma (5 iu/ml) consistently induced a synergistic antiviral effect. inhibition of hsv-1 growth was most ... | 1994 | 7710269 |
| inflammatory effects of gene transfer into the cns with defective hsv-1 vectors. | the use of viral vectors which infect and express genes in post-mitotic neurons is a potential strategy for the treatment of disorders affecting the central nervous system (cns). however, the inflammatory consequences of such strategies have yet to be systematically examined. preparations of non-replicating defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) amplicon vectors containing the lacz gene were obtained by standard methods and stereotaxically injected into the adult rat dentate gyrus (dg). t ... | 1994 | 7584093 |
| long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rats by an hsv vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase. | one therapeutic approach to treating parkinson's disease is to convert endogenous striatal cells into levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa)-producing cells. a defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector expressing human tyrosine hydroxylase was delivered into the partially denervated striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, used as a model of parkinson's disease. efficient behavioral and biochemical recovery was maintained for 1 year after gene transfer. biochemical recovery included inc ... | 1994 | 7669103 |
| identification of the core residues of the epitope of a monoclonal antibody raised against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 by screening of a random peptide library. | random peptide libraries (rpl) displayed on the surface of a filamentous bacteriophage can be used to identify peptide ligands that interact with target molecules. we have used a 15-amino acid residue rpl displayed on bacteriophage m13 to identify the core residues within the epitope of a monoclonal antibody (mab) a16 which interacts with a continuous epitope restricted to amino acid residues 9 to 19 in the n-terminal region of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (gd-1). the single pep ... | 1994 | 7805747 |
| simultaneous measurement of antibodies to epstein-barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response? | as a test of the hypothesis that elevated titers of viral antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) are due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response, antibodies to epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), and 14 enteroviruses in 20 patients with cfs and 20 age- and gender-matched controls were simultaneously measured. similarly, titers of igg to herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were measured in 18 of these cases and in the respective controls. igg to ebv ... | 1994 | 7811864 |
| input to the primate frontal eye field from the substantia nigra, superior colliculus, and dentate nucleus demonstrated by transneuronal transport. | the purpose of these experiments was to study the subcortical input to the frontal eye field (fef) and to determine which subcortical structures might project to the fef via pathways that contain only a single intervening synapse. we used retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) to label second-order neurons that send information to the fef of cebus monkeys. the saccade region of the fef was identified physiologically using intracortical stimulation and then inje ... | 1994 | 7813649 |
| differentiation of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with hsv encephalitis and meningitis by stringent hybridization of pcr-amplified dnas. | differentiation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 in cerebrospinal fluid of 17 patients with serologically diagnosed hsv encephalitis and meningitis or acute limbic encephalitis was determined by stringent hybridization of polymerase chain reaction--amplified dnas. ten of 17 patients were positive; six with hsv 1 isolates and four with hsv 2 isolates. we detected hsv type 1 in two cases of meningitis, although meningitis is generally thought to be caused by type 2. additionally, hsv ty ... | 1994 | 7799000 |
| a sensitive assay system screening antiviral compounds against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. | a highly sensitive and accurate assay system was developed for in vitro evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-hsv) agents using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) and human embryonic lung fibroblast (mrc-5) cells. this assay system was found to be highly sensitive for both hsv-1 and -2. confluent mrc-5 cells were infected with either hsv-1 kos strain or hsv-2 g strain of 25 tcid50 in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. the optical den ... | 1994 | 7822458 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 icp22 deletion mutant is altered for virulence and latency in vivo. | the in vivo function of the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early gene icp22 has been investigated in mice and guinea pigs using a deletion mutant (del22z) of hsv-1(f) that lacks all but 18 nucleotides of the icp22 coding sequence. this mutant carries the bacterial lacz gene at the site of the deletion and makes functional beta-galactosidase, but is unable to synthesize any detectable icp22 messenger rna or protein in vitro. del22z was impaired in its ability to cause death in mice followi ... | 1994 | 7826204 |
| a fast method for obtaining highly pure recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. | recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) was isolated in a fast and gentle two-step procedure from escherichia coli as a thrombin cleavable fusion protein. the tk was expressed as an inducible glutathione s-acetyl transferase fusion protein and purified in a first step by glutathione affinity chromatography. proteolytic cleavage of the column bound tk with thrombin led to a truncated enzyme, resulting from two new and hitherto unknown cleavage sites, determined by n-terminal ... | 1994 | 7827501 |
| transneuronal labelling of cns neurons with herpes simplex virus. | 1994 | 7831471 | |
| co-infection and synergy of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) uses the cd4 molecule, expressed by t helper cells and activated macrophages, as a receptor for entry into host cells. in tissues co-infected with herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), hiv-1 virions were observed to infect keratinocytes, which, because they lack the cd4 molecule, are normally incapable of being infected by hiv-1. although a number of other viruses have been reported to enhance hiv-1 viral transcription in vitro, this is the first in-vivo report ... | 1994 | 7905094 |
| mutation of a single lysine residue severely impairs the dna recognition and regulatory functions of the vzv gene 62 transactivator protein. | the product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (vzv 140k) is a potent transactivator protein. we have identified a region within the dna binding domain of vzv 140k that shows a striking similarity to the dna recognition helix of the homeodomain, with an especially highly conserved quartet of residues, wlqn. the 140k protein has functional counterparts within the other alphaherpesviruses, which include the major transcriptional regulatory protein of hsv-1, (icp4), and the wlqn region is highly con ... | 1994 | 7907417 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant (1703) which under-produces vmw63 during immediate early conditions of infection. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant 1703 apparently fails to synthesize the essential ie2 gene product vmw63 despite the deletion leaving the gene intact. sequence analysis revealed that the deletion removes a region to the right of ie2 comprising the 3' end of ie1, ul56 and the 3' part of ul55, stopping 555 bp downstream of the ie2 polyadenylation signal. further dna sequencing has shown that there is no secondary mutation in the ie2 gene. western blot analysis demonstrated that vm ... | 1994 | 7909833 |
| quantitative studies on cd4+ and cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses against herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and beta 2-m deficient mice. | against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected target cells, effector t cells of both cd4- cd8+ and cd4+ cd8- phenotypes occur in both man and mice. in man, the cd4+ cd8- phenotype may dominate the response, but the situation in the mouse is unclear. in this report, several approaches are used to document the existence of hsv-1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of both phenotypes and to quantitate the frequency of their ctl precursors (ctl-p) in acutely hsv-1 infected animals. evidenc ... | 1994 | 7916329 |
| induction of mhc-unrestricted cytolytic cd4+ t cells against virally infected target cells by cross-linking cd4 molecules. | cross-linking cd4 molecules with the use of specific mabs induced ag-nonspecific, mhc-unrestricted killing by human or bovine cd4+ t cells and human allospecific t cell clones against virally infected (bovine herpesvirus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1) target cells. heat-aggregated goat igg anti-mouse igg elevated cd4 cross-linking efficiency, resulting in augmented killing activity by effector cells. however, ab-activated effector cells failed to kill tumor target cell lines, e.g., k562, daudi (h ... | 1994 | 7930600 |
| mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein h suppress cell fusion by a syncytial strain. | we have developed a complementation assay, using transiently transfected cos cells, to facilitate a molecular analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gh. when infected by a gh-null syncytial virus, cos cells expressing wild-type gh generate infectious progeny virions and form a syncytium with neighboring cells. by deletion and point mutagenesis, we have found particular residues in the gh cytoplasmic tail to be essential for generation of a syncytium but apparently dispensable f ... | 1994 | 7933080 |
| the herpes simplex virus ul20 protein compensates for the differential disruption of exocytosis of virions and viral membrane glycoproteins associated with fragmentation of the golgi apparatus. | the golgi apparatus is fragmented and dispersed in vero cells but not in human 143tk- cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus 1. moreover, a recombinant virus lacking the gene encoding the membrane protein ul20 (ul20- virus) accumulates in the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of vero cells but is exported and spreads from cell to cell in 143tk- cell cultures. here we report that in vero cells infected with ul20- virus, the virion envelope glycoproteins were of the i ... | 1994 | 7933123 |
| analysis of the cytolytic t-lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b during primary and secondary infection. | the immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection in c57bl/6 mice includes a population of major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the structural glycoprotein gb. to gain insight into the importance of this ctl subpopulation in vivo, gb-specific ctl present in the regional lymph nodes after a primary infection and after a reinfection of convalescent animals were analyzed. in a primary infection, gb-specific ctl precursor ... | 1994 | 7933156 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced expression of 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) requires early protein synthesis but not viral dna replication. | the major 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70), which is scarcely expressed in unstressed rodent cells, was apparently induced by infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv). infection with hsv types 1 and 2 elevated hsp70 mrna levels within 4 hr post-infection. hsp70 synthesis and accumulation increased in hsv-infected cells. irradiation of hsv with uv-light abolished the ability to induce hsp70 mrna. inhibitors of viral dna synthesis did not affect the induction of hsp70 in infected cells. protein ... | 1994 | 7935054 |
| anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. | the possibility that neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellum innervate areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in cognitive function has been a controversial subject. here, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was used to identify subcortical neurons that project via the thalamus to area 46 of the primate prefrontal cortex. this cortical area is known to be involved in spatial working memory. many neurons in restricted regions of the dentate nucleus ... | 1994 | 7939688 |
| role of anisomorphic dna conformations in the negative regulation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter. | the a sequence is a bifunctional element in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome which possesses both the signals required for the cleavage and encapsidation of replicated viral dna and the promoter-regulatory sequences for the gene encoding the viral neurovirulence factor icp34.5. since the icp34.5 promoter lacks features that are characteristic of most hsv-1 promoters, including a canonical tata box, an initiator element, and upstream binding sites for host cell transcription factors ... | 1994 | 7941324 |
| the hsv-1 2-kb latency-associated transcript is found in the cytoplasm comigrating with ribosomal subunits during productive infection. | we have examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) of hsv-1. during latency these transcripts accumulate in the nuclei of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system of infected animals. however, our northern blot analyses demonstrate that the 2-kb lat is found in the cytoplasm of hsv-1-infected cv-1 cells, and brainstems of hsv-1 productively infected mice. like the nuclear lat from latently infected tissue, most of the cytoplasmic 2- ... | 1994 | 7941340 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of herpes simplex viral dna from the geniculate ganglion of a patient with bell's palsy. | bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. in this study, we demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex viral type 1 (hsv-1) genomic dna in the geniculate ganglion of a patient who had bell's palsy. this association suggests that in this patient, hsv-1 may have caused bell's palsy. if hsv-1 is a cause of bell's palsy, treatment with acyclovir may be beneficial. additional studies should be done to establish the prevalence of hsv-1 as an etiologic agent of bell's palsy. | 1994 | 7944168 |
| hsv-1 ie protein vmw110 causes redistribution of pml. | herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein vmw110 is required for fully efficient viral gene expression and reactivation from latency. at early times of viral infection, vmw110 localizes to discrete nuclear structures (known as nd10, pods or kr bodies) which contain several cellular proteins, including pml. interestingly, the unregulated growth of promyelocytic leukaemia cells is correlated with disruption of the normal state of nd10. in this paper we show that: (i) vmw110 affects the distribu ... | 1994 | 7957072 |
| mapping, cloning and sequencing of a glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the ge gene from hsv-1. | in order to map and identify the glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), homologous to the ge glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a region of the unique short sequence from the bhv-1 genome has been sequenced. the sequenced region contains an orf coding for a polypeptide of 575 amino acids (aa). the aa sequence presents substantial similarity to that of the glycoprotein ge from hsv-1 and to homologous proteins of related viruses such as pseudorabies ... | 1994 | 7958994 |
| role of acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis. | 1994 | 7960531 | |
| alteration of intracerebral cytokine production in mice infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | previously we reported that a lethal strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infects the brain following ocular inoculation of mice. we now demonstrate that hsv-2 mediates an unusual intracellular sequestering of class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. with use of an rnase protection assay, we observed a selective inhibition of ifn-gamma and il-6 gene transcription in brains of mice infected with hsv-2. it is likely that the inhibition of cytokine gene expression was medi ... | 1994 | 7962482 |
| fv structure of monoclonal antibody ii-481 against herpes simplex virus fc gamma-binding glycoprotein ge contains immunodominant complementarity determining region epitopes that react with human immunoglobulin m rheumatoid factors. | human immunoglobulin m (igm) rheumatoid factors (rfs) show primary direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactivity with fab rather than fc fragments of monoclonal antibody (mab) ii-481 directed against the fc gamma-binding site of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein ge. this preferential anti-fab specificity suggests that rfs react with antigen-binding portions of mab ii-481 as anti-idiotypic antibodies directed at the combining site regions of mab reacting with the fc gamma-binding re ... | 1994 | 7964464 |
| the gene downstream of the gc homologue in feline herpes virus type 1 is involved in the expression of virulence. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) mutants were constructed, carrying a beta-galactosidase marker gene integrated into the region downstream of the gene encoding the homologue of glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1. in cell culture, no differences in replication were observed between mutants and the parent fhv-1 strain. however, in experimentally infected cats, mutants caused fewer clinical signs after oronasal administration although they replicated to the same extent as the paren ... | 1994 | 7964620 |
| vitreous fluid sampling and viral genome detection for the diagnosis of viral retinitis in patients with aids. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes severe necrotizing retinitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other herpesviruses have been implicated in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome (arn), seen in both the immunocompetent and the immunosuppressed. at present the diagnosis of viral retinitis relies solely on clinical appearances. in order to assess whether the detection of herpesvirus-specific dna in cell-free vitreous biopsy samples could be useful in the early diagnosis ... | 1994 | 7964643 |
| herpes simplex virus inhibits host cell splicing, and regulatory protein icp27 is required for this effect. | while the majority of metazoan genes and those of the dna viruses which infect them contain introns which require rna splicing, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes relatively few spliced products. we previously showed that the hsv-1 immediate-early protein icp27 decreased the levels of spliced target mrnas in transfections and spliced cellular mrnas during infection, suggesting that icp27 may function in impairing host cell splicing. here, we show that during infections with the wild typ ... | 1994 | 7966568 |
| analysis of a herpes simplex virus type 1 lat mutant with a deletion between the putative promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0-kilobase transcript. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 mutant with a deletion between genomic nucleotides 118880 and 119250 was constructed and called 17 delta sty. the deletion removes most of a putative secondary lat promoter (called lapii) as well as 370 of the first 449 nucleotides of the proposed 8.5-kb transcript believed to be the precursor of 2.0-kb lat. 17 delta sty was shown to produce major 2.0-kb lats in tissue culture. moreover, trigeminal nerves from latently infected mice contained an intact 1.4 ... | 1994 | 7966571 |
| varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 protein, the homolog of the essential herpes simplex virus protein vp16, is dispensable for vzv replication in vitro. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 (orf10) protein in the homolog of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) protein vp16. vzv orf10 transactivates the vzv ie62 gene and is a tegument protein present in the virion. hsv-1 vp16, a potent transactivator of hsv-1 immediate-early genes and tegument protein, is essential for hsv-1 replication in vitro. to determine whether vzv orf10 is required for viral replication in vitro, we constructed two vzv mutants which were unable to express ... | 1994 | 7966575 |
| differential response of human cells to deletions and stop codons in the gamma(1)34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus. | earlier studies have shown that herpes simplex virus mutants lacking the gamma(1)34.5 gene are totally avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of the virus into mice and induce premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human neuroblastoma (sk-n-sh) cells but not in vero cells. we report the following. (i) whereas deletion mutant r3616, lacking 1,000 bp of the gamma(1)34.5 gene, caused premature shutoff of protein synthesis in both sk-n-sh and human foreskin fibroblasts (hff), mutants r4009 and r9 ... | 1994 | 7966624 |
| the ring finger domain of the varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 61 protein is required for its transregulatory functions. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 61 (orf61) protein transactivates expression of vzv promoters. vzv orf61 is functionally homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cell protein 0 (icp0); however, amino acid sequence homology of these two proteins is limited to the ring finger domains, a recently identified sequence motif composed of cysteine and histidine residues, located in their amino-terminal regions. a carboxy-terminal truncation mutant of icp0 (which retains ... | 1994 | 7975220 |
| regions us6 and us7 of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna encoding glycoproteins d and i may influence neuroinvasivity. | recombinants were prepared by replacing a 1931 bp region of the bamhi j fragment (0.906-0.920) of the pathogenic angpath dna-coding for glycoprotein d (gd) and a part of glycoprotein i (gi)--by the corresponding sequence of nonpathogenic kos dna (kaerner et al., 1991) and tested in dba/2 mice. the strain angpath and the control recombinant angpath/gd-gipath, prepared by back transfer of the given angpath dna fragment into angpath/gd-gidellacz+ dna, were pathogenic after intraperitoneal inoculati ... | 1994 | 7976867 |
| heat shock-induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglion cells in dissociated culture. | an in vitro herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency model was established, using trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. when heat-treated at 43 degrees c for 3 h, reactivation followed in 76.6% of the cultures, while reactivation was not observed in non-heat-treated controls. | 1994 | 7979977 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 is composed of both cd8+ and cd4+ t cell phenotypes in acute and memory states. | mice were infected via the cornea with hsv-1. next, draining lymph nodes (dln) and spleen cells were analyzed at various times post infection for the presence of cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors (ctl-p) of both the cd8+ and cd4+ phenotypes. responses were greatest in the dln, but memory ctl persisted in the spleen and were undetectable in dln by 60 days. on all occasions, the frequency of cd8+ ctl outnumbered cd4+ ctl. the murine ctl responses to hsv-1 differ from those in man where cd4+ mhc cl ... | 1994 | 7487374 |
| detection of virus nucleic acids by radioactive and nonisotopic in situ hybridization. | 1994 | 7534581 | |
| in vitro cytotoxic activity of cord blood nk cells against herpes simplex virus type-1 infected purified human term villous cytotrophoblast. | transplacental infection of the fetus with herpes simplex virus (hsv) is associated with high morbidity. the present study was undertaken to shed light on the possible participation of the fetal immune system in the elimination of hsv from placental unit. in a chromium release assay cultured term villous trophoblast cells, regardless of infection with hsv-1, were found resistant to lysis by cord blood natural killer (cbnk) cells. in contrast to this, cbnk cells exhibited a basal level of cytotox ... | 1994 | 7598786 |
| induced extrusion of dna from the capsid of herpes simplex virus type 1. | dna-filled capsids (c capsids) of herpes simplex virus type 1 were treated in vitro with guanidine-hcl (guhcl) and analyzed for dna loss by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. dna was found to be lost quantitatively from virtually all capsids treated with guhcl at concentrations of 0.5 m or higher, while 0.1 m guhcl had little or no effect. dna removal from 0.5 m guhcl-treated capsids was effected without significant change in the capsid protein composition, as ... | 1994 | 8254753 |
| a population-based seroepidemiological study of cervical cancer. | the epidemiology of cervical cancer indicates the presence of a sexually transmitted risk factor, attributable at least in part to infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 or 18. we performed a seroepidemiological study of hpv and cervical cancer in the counties of västerbotten and norrbotten in northern sweden, a low-risk area for cervical cancer. sera from 94 cases of incident cervical cancer were matched against 188 age- and sex-matched controls derived from a population-based blood ... | 1994 | 8261434 |
| effect of genetically determined host factors on the efficacy of vidarabine, acyclovir and 5-trifluorothymidine in herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the susceptibility of herpes simplex virus (hsv) to acyclovir (acv), 5-trifluorothymidine (tft) and vidarabine (ara-a) in hsv-infected embryo fibroblasts from balb/c and c57bl/6 mice as well as vero cells were measured. ara-a and tft (at its highest concentration) were more effective in vero cells and balb/c mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef) than in c57bl/6 mef. in contrast, acv was more effective in c57bl/6 mef than balb/c mef and vero cells. these data suggest that genetically determined differen ... | 1994 | 8196938 |
| finding a needle in a haystack: detection of a small protein (the 12-kda vp26) in a large complex (the 200-mda capsid of herpes simplex virus). | macromolecular complexes that consist of homopolymeric protein frameworks with additional proteins attached at strategic sites for a variety of structural and functional purposes are widespread in subcellular biology. one such complex is the capsid of herpes simplex virus type 1 whose basic framework consists of 960 copies of the viral protein, vp5 (149 kda), arranged in an icosahedrally symmetric shell. this shell also contains major amounts of three other proteins, including vp26 (12 kda), a s ... | 1994 | 8202543 |
| recovery of viruses other than cytomegalovirus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | to determine the yield and diagnostic significance of performing viral cultures on specimens obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in immunocompromised patients. | 1994 | 8205876 |
| the nuclear location of pml, a cellular member of the c3hc4 zinc-binding domain protein family, is rearranged during herpes simplex virus infection by the c3hc4 viral protein icp0. | nd10 are nuclear domains of unknown function that become abundant in response to stress. infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes the apparent disappearance of these domains, an effect that requires the expression of the immediate early protein icp0. previously, we have shown that there are a number of cellular antigens in the nd10. in this report, we show that one of these proteins is pml, a member of the c3hc4 zinc-binding domain family which also includes icp0. the c3hc4 domain ... | 1994 | 8207389 |
| excision of dna fragments corresponding to the unit-length a sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and terminus variation predominate on one side of the excised fragment. | dna fragments corresponding to the unit-length a sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were identified in hsv-1 dna preparations extracted by the method of hirt. the dna fragments were molecularly cloned, and nucleotide sequences were determined. most termini of the fragments were at sites on dr1 corresponding to the termini of linear hsv-1 dna generated by the cleavage-packaging system. in one-step growth experiments, dna fragments of the unit-length a sequence appeared simultaneously ... | 1994 | 8207811 |
| electron microscopic findings in a cornea with recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy. | excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy is emerging as an alternative therapy to corneal transplantation for the treatment of multiple corneal diseases. we report three cases of recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis after treatment of herpetic corneal scars with the excimer laser. in two cases, the patients underwent subsequent corneal transplantation. one corneal button examined with transmission electron microscopy (tem) demonstrated a well-differentiated epithelium over the area of ablati ... | 1994 | 8149573 |
| photodynamic inactivation of herpes viruses with phthalocyanine derivatives. | the antiviral photosensitization capacity of 11 different phthalocyanine (pc) derivatives was examined using herpes simplex virus-1, herpes simplex virus-2 and varicella zoster virus in the search for the most potent sensitizers for viral decontamination of blood. the kinetics of viral photoinactivation were resolved during the stages of viral adsorption and penetration into the host cells. the capacity of pc in the photodynamic inactivation of viruses was compared with that of merocyanine 540 ( ... | 1994 | 8151454 |
| a herpes simplex virus 1 us11-expressing cell line is resistant to herpes simplex virus infection at a step in viral entry mediated by glycoprotein d. | a baby hamster kidney [bhk(tk-)] cell line (us11cl19) which stably expresses the us11 and alpha 4 genes of herpes simplex virus 1 strain f [hsv-1(f)] was found to be resistant to infection with hsv-1. although wild-type hsv-1(f) attached with normal kinetics to the surface of us11cl19 cells, most cells showed no evidence of infection and failed to accumulate detectable amounts of alpha mrnas. the relationship between the expression of ul11 and resistance to hsv infection in us11cl19 cells has no ... | 1994 | 8151754 |
| the ul21 gene products of herpes simplex virus 1 are dispensable for growth in cultured cells. | a viral deletion mutant (delta ul21) that lacked the sequences encoding 484 of the predicted first 535 amino acids of the ul21 open reading frame was genetically engineered and studied with respect to its phenotype in cells in culture. we report the following. (i) the replication of delta ul21 was identical to that of the parent herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) strain f in vero cells, but the yields were three- to fivefold lower than those of the parent virus in human embryonic lung cells. (ii) to ... | 1994 | 8151763 |
| deletion of the varicella-zoster virus large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase impairs growth of virus in vitro. | cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) express a viral ribonucleotide reductase which is distinct from that present in uninfected cells. vzv open reading frames 18 and 19 (orf18 and orf19) are homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding the small and large subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, respectively. we generated recombinant vzv by transfecting cultured cells with four overlapping cosmid dnas. to construct a virus lacking ribonucleotide reductase, we deleted 97% ... | 1994 | 8151792 |
| increased replication in hiv/hsv co-infection. | 1994 | 8155533 | |
| aggravation of herpetic stromal keratitis after murine epidermal grown factor topical application. | we evaluated the epithelializing-promoting effect of a concentration of 0.005 mg/ml murine epidermal growth factor (megf), topically administered four times daily, on the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) corneal ulcers of the rabbit eye. the severity of the herpetic lesions was evaluated clinically, after the time course of the severity of epithelial keratitis, conjunctivitis, iritis, and stromal disease, for 14 days. a histological assessment was performed in the middle and at the end of the foll ... | 1994 | 8156789 |
| viral transduction of trka into cultured nodose and spinal motor neurons conveys ngf responsiveness. | the trka gene encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor that transduces the ngf signal. we have used a defective herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) vector containing a full-length rat trka sequence (phsvtrka) to express ngf receptors in primary cultures of neonatal nodose neurons and embryonic spinal motor neurons which are normally unresponsive to ngf. transduction of rat neonatal nodose ganglion neurons and spinal motor neurons with phsvtrka resulted in expression of functional ngf receptors. stimulati ... | 1994 | 8174770 |
| restricted herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression within sensory neurons in the absence of functional b and t lymphocytes. | herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglion neurons. during latency no viral-specific proteins are detected and virus gene expression is restricted to the latency-associated transcripts. we report here that trigeminal ganglia of mice with severe combined immunodeficiency contain individual sensory neurons exhibiting restricted viral gene expression characteristic of latency; this occurred during acute (4-6 days) infection with the wild-type hsv-1 strain ... | 1994 | 8178461 |
| development of anti-tumor immunity following thymidine kinase-mediated killing of experimental brain tumors. | using the 9l experimental brain tumor model, we studied long-term tumor regression and immunologic consequences of tumor killing in a model of in vivo gene transfer of the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene and ganciclovir (gcv) treatments. fibroblasts modified to produce retroviral vectors carrying the hsv-tk gene were implanted into established 9l brain tumors in fischer 344 rats to carry out gene transfer. animals were then treated with parenteral gcv. significant tumor reg ... | 1994 | 8183911 |
| an improved method for cloning portions of the repeat regions of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the use of a low copy number plasmid to enhance greatly the ability to clone herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna is described. certain regions of the hsv-1 dna have been extremely difficult to clone. particular difficulties have often been encountered in the long and short viral repeats. attempts to clone certain hsv-1 sequences using common plasmids produced plasmids containing inserts of unusual size and/or plasmids smaller than the original plasmid. the reason for these cloning difficulti ... | 1994 | 8188808 |
| a rapid simple in situ hybridization method for herpes simplex virus employing a synthetic biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probe: a comparison with immunohistochemical methods for hsv detection. | we examined 28 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with histologic evidence of herpes virus infection by in situ hybridization (ish) utilizing manual capillary action technology (microprobe staining system) and a 21 base synthetic multibiotinylated oligonucleotide probe from the hsv glycoprotein c region. the results were compared to a rapid simple immunohistochemical (ihc) protocol for detection of hsv proteins. hsv was detected by ish and ihc in all but one specimen which was shown to be positi ... | 1994 | 8189321 |
| preexisting nuclear architecture defines the intranuclear location of herpesvirus dna replication structures. | herpes simplex virus dna replication proteins localize in characteristic patterns corresponding to viral dna replication structures in the infected cell nucleus. the intranuclear spatial organization of the hsv dna replication structures and the factors regulating their nuclear location remain to be defined. we have used the hsv icp8 dna-binding protein and bromodeoxyuridine labeling as markers for sites of herpesviral dna synthesis to examine the spatial organization of these structures within ... | 1994 | 8189490 |
| transcriptional mapping of the varicella-zoster virus regulatory genes encoding open reading frames 4 and 63. | four of the 68 varicella-zoster virus (vzv) unique open reading frames (orfs), i.e., orfs 4, 61, 62, and 63, encode proteins that influence viral transcription and are considered to be positional homologs of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early (ie) proteins. in order to identify the elements that regulate transcription of vzv orfs 4 and 63, the encoded mrnas were mapped in detail. for orf 4, a major 1.8-kb and a minor 3.0-kb polyadenylated [poly(a)+] rna were identified, whereas ... | 1994 | 8189496 |
| helicase-primase complex of herpes simplex virus type 1: a mutation in the ul52 subunit abolishes primase activity. | the ul52 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) comprises one subunit of a 3-protein helicase-primase complex that is essential for replication of viral dna. the functions of the individual subunits of the complex are not known with certainty, although it is clear that the ul8 subunit is not required for either helicase or primase activity. examination of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ul5 gene reveals the existence of conserved helicase motifs; it seems likely, therefore, ... | 1994 | 8189507 |
| ul69 of human cytomegalovirus, an open reading frame with homology to icp27 of herpes simplex virus, encodes a transactivator of gene expression. | the ul69 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is homologous to the immediate-early protein icp27 of herpes simplex virus, an essential viral regulatory protein involved in the transition from early to late gene expression. genes with homology to icp27 have been detected in all subclasses of herpesviruses so far. while the respective proteins in alpha- and gammaherpesviruses have been defined as trans-regulatory molecules, nothing is known about these genes in betaherpesviruses. thi ... | 1994 | 8189530 |
| human fetal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | human fetal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) has not been reported previously. most investigations have failed to document any cytolytic activity among fetal lymphocytes. the purpose of this study was to investigate adcc activity in the human fetus and identify and characterize the effector cell populations in the fetus. fetal spleen cells were separated into single-cell suspensions and assayed with 51cr-labeled herpes simplex 1-infected chang liver target cells. significant adcc ... | 1994 | 8190515 |
| expression of seven herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins (gb, gc, gd, ge, gg, gh, and gi): comparative protection against lethal challenge in mice. | we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses individually expressing seven of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins (gb, gc, gd, ge, gg, gh, and gi). vaccination of mice with gb, gc, gd, ge, or gi resulted in production of high neutralizing antibody titers to hsv-1 and protection against intraperitoneal and ocular challenge with lethal doses of hsv-1. this protection was statistically significant and similar to the protection provided by vaccination with live nonvirulent hsv-1 ( ... | 1994 | 8138996 |
| herpes simplex virus vp16 forms a complex with the virion host shutoff protein vhs. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) virions contain at least two regulatory proteins that modulate gene expression in infected cells: the transcriptional activator vp16 and the virion host shutoff protein vhs. vp16 stimulates transcription of the hsv immediate-early genes, and vhs suppresses host protein synthesis and induces accelerated turnover of cellular and viral mrnas. we report here that vhs binds directly to vp16: vhs and vp16 were coprecipitated from infected cells by an anti-vhs antiserum, and ... | 1994 | 8139019 |
| cellular protein interactions with herpes simplex virus type 1 oris. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) origin of dna replication, oris, contains an at-rich region and three highly homologous sequences, sites i, ii, and iii, identified as binding sites for the hsv-1 origin-binding protein (obp). in the present study, interactions between specific oris dna sequences and proteins in uninfected cell extracts were characterized. the formation of one predominant protein-dna complex, m, was demonstrated in gel shift assays following incubation of uninfected cell e ... | 1994 | 8139557 |
| molecular evolution of herpesviruses: genomic and protein sequence comparisons. | phylogenetic reconstruction of herpesvirus evolution is generally founded on amino acid sequence comparisons of specific proteins. these are relevant to the evolution of the specific gene (or set of genes), but the resulting phylogeny may vary depending on the particular sequence chosen for analysis (or comparison). in the first part of this report, we compare 13 herpesvirus genomes by using a new multidimensional methodology based on distance measures and partial orderings of dinucleotide relat ... | 1994 | 8107249 |
| the equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein m is a major constituent of the virus particle. | glycoprotein 45 is a major envelope glycoprotein of equine herpesvirus type 1. the gene encoding this protein is located between map units 0.615 and 0.636 on the virus genome and evidence has suggested that it is encoded by gene 52, one of four genes within this region. using pcr we have amplified gene 52 and subsequently cloned it into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter. the gene was expressed in cos-7 cells and its product ... | 1994 | 8113768 |
| [incidence and etiology of viremia in 2,619 patients]. | virus investigation, specially cytomegalovirus (cmv), in blood has increased such that the capacity of hospitalary laboratories is threatened with collapse. the causal agents of viremia are analyzed being correlated with the clinical symptoms and underlying disease to establish the selection criteria of patients for virologic study. | 1994 | 8127163 |
| mechanism of cytostatic action of novel 5-(thien-2-yl)- and 5-(furan-2-yl)-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against tumor cells transfected by the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus. | several novel 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine (durd) analogues were evaluated as substrates for highly purified herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded thymidine kinase (tk) derived from hsv-1 tk gene-transfected murine mammary carcinoma fm3a cells, and human platelet thymidine (dthd) phosphorylase. the ki of 5-(furan-2-yl)-durd, 5-(thien-2-yl)-durd and 5-(thien-2-yl)-dcyd for hsv-1 tk was 0.94, 0.71, and 1.32 microm, respectively. inhibition was competitive with respect to the natural substra ... | 1994 | 8132526 |
| immunotherapy of acute and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection with an adjuvant-free form of recombinant glycoprotein d-interleukin-2 fusion protein. | previous studies demonstrated that the adjuvant-free form of a fusion protein consisting of a truncated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d and human interleukin-2 (tgd-il-2) elicited superior protective immunity in mice. in this study, the immunotherapeutic efficacy of tgd-il-2 against vaginal hsv-2 infection was investigated using a guinea pig model. footpad injections of tgd-il-2 (12.5 micrograms/dose) after the onset of primary lesions strongly suppressed recurrence in the chr ... | 1994 | 8133093 |
| [in vivo observations and electron microscopy in the treatment of experimental hsv keratitis with monoclonal antibodies]. | in vivo observations and electron microscopy showed that topical use of anti-hsv monoclonal glycoprotein antibodies produced marked antiviral effects in inhibiting the development of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits and in protecting the susceptible corneal cells. as a new biological product, the anti-hsv monoclonal antibodies may provide a new approach to the treatment of hsv keratitis. | 1994 | 7843007 |
| time course of cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity after inoculation of herpes simplex virus into the anterior chamber of mice. | the time course of the activity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was studied after injecting herpes simplex virus (hsv) into the anterior chamber of c3h/he mice and compared with that following corneal inoculation. ctl activity in cervical lymph nodes was suppressed during the 14 days after the inoculation, while that in the spleen increased 2 days earlier compared with the activity after corneal inoculation. the difference between the peaks of ctl activity after inoculation via each route was n ... | 1994 | 7845649 |
| viral antibody titers are influenced by hla-dr2 phenotype. | antibody serum levels against herpes simplex type 1 virus, cytomegalovirus, viral capsid antigens of epstein-barr virus, and rubella virus were evaluated in a sample of the sicilian population. results demonstrated that hla-dr2-positive individuals showed a significant increase in antibody titers, when compared to hla-dr2-negative individuals. these observations seem to be in contrast with the reported association of the hla-dr2 phenotype with an ineffective immune response against several infec ... | 1994 | 7857663 |
| kinetic analysis of the interaction between the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, ddctp, azttp, and fiautp with human dna polymerases beta and gamma. | the inhibitory effects of the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl)cytosine (hpmpcpp) toward human dna polymerases beta and gamma were studied. the ki values of hpmpcpp were compared with the ki values of the triphosphates of 3'-azidothymidine (azttp), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddctp) and 5-iodo-2'-fluoroarabinosyluridine (fiautp). the ki values toward dna polymerase beta in increasing order were 1.32, 1.43, 140, and 520 microm for ddctp, fiautp, azttp and hpmpcpp, respectivel ... | 1994 | 7986213 |
| [the physiological function of plasma apoa-i--the anti-viral effects of apoa-i and its fragments]. | apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i), the major protein of plasma high density lipoproteins, was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) induced cell fusion at physiological concentrations (mumol/l). plasma apoa-i from three different species was used to study the anti-viral effects by microneutralization test. marked inhibition of virus-induced cell fusion was observed when the virus or the cells were pretreated with apoa-i, suggesting that apoa-i may have a direct effect on the virus and t ... | 1994 | 7987949 |
| identification of structural domains within the large subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase. | the large subunit (r1) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase is a bifunctional protein consisting of a unique n-terminal protein kinase domain and a ribonucleotide reductase domain. previous studies showed that the two functional domains are linked by a protease sensitive site. here we provide evidence for two subdomains, of 30k and 53k, within the reductase domain. the two fragments, which were produced by limited proteolysis and were resistant to further degradation, remained ... | 1994 | 7996127 |