Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| detection of antibodies to a recombinant cryptosporidium parvum p23 in serum and feces from neonatal calves. | passive transfer of maternal antibodies via colostrum is important to protect newborn ruminants against microbial pathogens. in this study, 10 sets of calf serum, a sample of the colostrum fed to the calf, and serial fecal samples through the first 6 days after birth were collected from arbitrarily selected newborn holstein heifers. a recombinant cryptosporidium parvum p23, termed rc7, was used to determine whether anti-c. parvum antibodies can be detected in clinically normal neonates. the resu ... | 2003 | 14627138 |
| comparison of selected diagnostic methods for identification of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium andersoni in routine examination of faeces. | this study involved the comparison of suitability of different methods for routine diagnostics of cryptosporidium spp. two staining methods, one concentration-sedimentation method, seven concentration-floatation methods and one combined floatation-sedimentation method were compared. the methods were tested with two concentrations (1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6)/g) of c. parvum and c. andersoni. the methods were evaluated using light microscope, magnification 400x for concentration methods and 1000x for ... | 2003 | 14633212 |
| identification and genetic characterisation of giardia and cryptosporidium strains in humans and dairy cattle in the waikato region of new zealand. | giardia intestinalis and cryptosporidium parvum are commonly acquired waterborne parasites but little is known about their transmission cycles with regard to humans and animals. faecal samples were collected over two time periods within the waikato region of new zealand from dairy cattle and humans and all positive isolates were genotyped. of the 724 faecal specimens examined (354 cows, 304 calves and 66 humans), 16 cows, 32 calves and 5 humans were positive for g. intestinalis. phylogenetic gro ... | 2003 | 12639000 |
| detection of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia carried by synanthropic flies by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and a monoclonal antibody. | wild-caught synanthropic flies were tested for the presence of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia on their exoskeletons and in their digestive tracks by fluorescent in situ hybridization and fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated monoclonal antibody (mab) against cryptosporidium and giardia cell wall epitopes. the levels of c. parvum were positively correlated with the levels of g. lamblia, indicating a common source of contamination. the majority of oocysts and cysts were potentia ... | 2003 | 12641416 |
| pathogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum--evaluation of an animal infection model. | with the intention of developing a standardised method for assessment of pathogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum, the cpb-0 isolate was studied by propagation in 1-day-old calves followed by inoculation into specific pathogen free (spf) piglets. the experiment was repeated. diarrhoea and shedding of oocysts were seen in all animals infected with the cpb-0 isolate. clinical signs included depression, inappetence, vomiting (exclusively in the piglets), and death. histological examination at 17 and ... | 2003 | 12651216 |
| population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen cryptosporidium parvum. | apicomplexan protozoan parasites include some of the most globally important human and animal pathogens, all of which have obligatory sexual cycles in their definitive hosts. despite their importance and the relevance of understanding the population genetic structure and role of genetic exchange in generating diversity, population genetic analysis has largely been restricted to plasmodium spp. and toxoplasma gondii. these species show a considerable diversity of population structure suggesting d ... | 2003 | 12664161 |
| comparison of method 1623 and cell culture-pcr for detection of cryptosporidium spp. in source waters. | analysis of cryptosporidium occurrence in six watersheds by method 1623 and the integrated cell culture-pcr (cc-pcr) technique provided an opportunity to evaluate these two methods. the average recovery efficiencies were 58.5% for the cc-pcr technique and 72% for method 1623, but the values were not significantly different (p = 0.06). cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 60 of 593 samples (10.1%) by method 1623. infectious oocysts were detected in 22 of 560 samples (3.9%) by the cc-pcr techn ... | 2003 | 12571019 |
| seasonal change in the number of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water samples from the rivers in hokkaido, japan, detected by the ferric sulfate flocculation method. | an epidemiological study was carried out in natural water supplies of hokkaido, one of the largest dairy prefectures in japan. to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum) oocysts water samples were collected from three rivers in the eastern area of hokkaido from august 1999 to october 2001, and c. parvum oocysts were collected and purified by the ferric sulfate flocculation method. the oocysts were detected using the immunofluorescent assay test (ifat) and 4', 6-diamidino ... | 2003 | 12576717 |
| cryptosporidium infection of cattle in the tokachi district, hokkaido. | the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection was examined in 480 healthy cattle (0-39 months old) in the tokachi district in hokkaido during the period from june to september in 2000 and from june to july in 2001. c. parvum oocysts were detected in 6 of 50 cattle (0-2 months old) in 2001; while c. muris was detected in 2 of 56 cattle (6-8 months old) in 2001, in 1 of 15 cattle (9-11 months old) in 2001, in 1 of 88 cattle (15-17 months old) in 2000, in 4 of 89 cattle (18-21 months old) in 2000 and ... | 2003 | 12576718 |
| lack of detectable shedding of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by periparturient dairy cattle. | we examined whether periparturient dairy cattle shed cryptosporidium parvum oocysts within 12 hr of calving on 3 commercial dairy farms endemic for calfhood cryptosporidiosis. using a diagnostic method that can detect as few as 1 oocyst per gram of feces, we found no evidence of c. parvum oocysts in 86 fecal samples collected within 12 hr of calving from 43 dairy cows. | 2003 | 14740916 |
| identification of cryptosporidium parvum 'cattle' genotype from a severe outbreak of neonatal foal diarrhoea. | 2003 | 14653344 | |
| the sensitivity of pcr detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples using two dna extraction methods. | the implementation of cost-effective intervention strategies for zoonotic protozoa relies on the development of sensitive and accurate diagnostic methods. we carried out a study to evaluate the accuracy of a pcr method for the detection of cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal samples from cattle. | 2003 | 15068384 |
| aids-associated diarrhea and wasting in northeast brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of cryptosporidium parvum. | advanced hiv infection is frequently complicated by diarrhea, disruption of bowel structure and function, and malnutrition. resulting malabsorption of or pharmacokinetic changes in antiretroviral agents might lead to subtherapeutic drug dosing and treatment failure in individual patients, and could require dose adjustment and/or dietary supplements during periods of diarrheal illness. we determined the plasma levels of antiretroviral medications in patients that had already been started on medic ... | 2003 | 12807688 |
| subgenotype analysis of cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in portugal. | cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, cattle, and wild ruminants were characterized by pcr and dna sequencing analysis of the 60-kda glycoprotein gene. seven alleles were identified, three corresponding to c. hominis and four corresponding to c. parvum. one new allele was found (iid), and one (iib) had only been found in portugal. isolates from cattle and wild ruminants clustered in two alleles. in contrast, human isolate ... | 2003 | 12791920 |
| characterization of cryptosporidium meleagridis of human origin passaged through different host species. | cryptosporidium meleagridis, a protozoon first observed in turkeys, has been linked by several investigators to cryptosporidiosis in humans. c. meleagridis is the only known cryptosporidium species that infects both avian and mammalian species. we describe the successful propagation of c. meleagridis (isolate tu1867), originally purified from a patient with diarrhea, in laboratory animals including chickens, mice, piglets, and calves. tu1867 was readily transmitted from one animal host to anothe ... | 2003 | 12654797 |
| efficacy of glutaraldehyde disinfectant against cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of various organic soils. | the opportunistic protozoan cryptosporidium parvum is highly resistant to disinfectants, including those specifically used for processing reused medical equipment in hospitals. c. parvum oocysts were dried onto glass and steel grooved penicylinders and challenged with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in the presence of 3 types of soil with exposures at 10 min, 90 min, and 10 h. the influence of organic soils on disinfection was measured with 5% fetal bovine serum (fbs), 10% fbs, and 5 mg mucin/ml. a ... | 2003 | 12607746 |
| cryptosporidium parvum and giardia intestinalis in calf diarrhoea in sweden. | the objective of this study conducted in 75 herds was to investigate the presence and significance of criptosporidium parvum and giardia intestinalis in swedish dairy calves in comparison with rotavirus, coronavirus and escherichia coli k99+. the farmers were asked to collect faecal samples from each heifer calf that had diarrhoea between birth and 90 days of age, and also from a healthy calf of the same age. in total, 270 samples were collected and analysed. c. parvum, either alone or together ... | 2003 | 15074627 |
| update on cryptosporidium and giardia infections in cattle. | 2004 | 15099558 | |
| intron-containing beta-tubulin transcripts in cryptosporidium parvum cultured in vitro. | the genome of cryptosporidium parvum contains a relatively small number of introns, which includes the beta-tubulin gene with only a single intron. recently, it was observed that the intron was not removed from some of the beta-tubulin transcripts in the late life cycle stages cultured in vitro. although normally spliced beta-tubulin mrna was detected in all parasite intracellular stages by rt-pcr (e.g. hct-8 or caco-2 cells infected with c. parvum for 12-72 h), at 48-72 h post-infection unproce ... | 2004 | 15133080 |
| differential expression and interaction of transcription co-activator mbf1 with tata-binding protein (tbp) in the apicomplexan cryptosporidium parvum. | all gene-specific transcriptional activators initiate gene transcriptions by binding to promoter sequences and recruiting general transcription factors including tata-binding protein (tbp) to upstream of targeted genes. some of them require multiprotein bridging factors (mbfs); for example, the type 1 mbf (mbf1) which interconnects the gene activator with tbp. in this study, the properties of a previously cloned type 1 multiprotein bridging factor (cpmbf1) and a newly identified tbp (cptbp1) fro ... | 2004 | 15133082 |
| increased susceptibility of beta7-integrin-deficient neonatal mice in the early stage of cryptosporidium parvum infection. | numerous inflammatory cells are recruited in response to cryptosporidium parvum infection. these cells include interferon gamma-producing t lymphocytes, which are of major importance for the resolution of infection. here, we show that beta7 integrin is not essential for the control of infection in mice but that beta7-deficient neonatal mice are more susceptible during the early stages of infection. | 2004 | 15155674 |
| complete development of cryptosporidium parvum in host cell-free culture. | the present study describes the complete in vitro development of cryptosporidium parvum (cattle genotype) in rpmi-1640 maintenance medium devoid of host cells. this represents the first report in which cryptosporidium is shown to multiply, develop and complete its life cycle without the need for host cells. furthermore, cultivation of cryptosporidium in diphasic medium consisting of a coagulated new born calf serum base overlaid with maintenance medium greatly increased the total number of crypt ... | 2004 | 15157759 |
| cryptosporidium parvum attachment to and internalization by human biliary epithelia in vitro: a morphologic study. | to explore the mechanisms by which cryptosporidium parvum infects epithelial cells, we performed a detailed morphological study by serial electron microscopy to assess attachment to and internalization of biliary epithelial cells by c. parvum in an in vitro model of human biliary cryptosporidiosis. when c. parvum sporozoites initially attach to the host cell membrane, the rhoptry of the sporozoite extends to the attachment site; both micronemes and dense granules are recruited to the apical comp ... | 2004 | 15165040 |
| mechanical transmission of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by flies. | long term field studies and laboratory experiments demonstrated that synanthropic filth flies can mechanically transmit infectious oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum, an anthropozoonotic protozoan parasite which significantly contributes to the mortality of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed people. c. parvum oocysts are acquired from unhygienic sources, and can pass trough fly gastrointestinal track without alteration of their infectivity and can be subsequently deposited on visited surfaces. ... | 2004 | 16859030 |
| detection and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from diarrheic children in switzerland. | the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic immunocompetent children living in switzerland was 5.5% (15 of 273). infection rates increased significantly with age. anthroponotic cryptosporidium hominis was identified in 11 children, 9 with a travel history. the zoonotic cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype was identified in 3 children (2 without travel history). hence transmission of cryptosporidium spp. is primarily of anthroponotic nature in the study area. | 2004 | 15071295 |
| cryptodb: the cryptosporidium genome resource. | cryptodb (http://cryptodb.org) represents a collaborative effort to locate all genome data for the apicomplexan parasite cryptosporidium parvum in a single user-friendly database. cryptodb currently houses the genomic sequence data for both the human type 1 h strain and the bovine type 2 iowa strain in addition to all other available est and gss sequences obtained from public repositories. all data are available for data mining via blast, keyword searches of pre-computed blastx results and user- ... | 2004 | 14681426 |
| neonatal-mouse infectivity of intact cryptosporidium parvum oocysts isolated after optimized in vitro excystation. | we reexamined the finding of neumann et al. that intact cryptosporidium parvum oocysts obtained after in vitro excystation were infectious for neonatal cd-1 mice. we used both established excystation protocols and our own protocol that maximized excystation. although intact oocysts isolated after any of three protocols were infectious for neonatal cd-1 mice, the infectivity of intact oocysts isolated with our optimized excystation protocol was significantly lower than the infectivity of intact o ... | 2004 | 14711704 |
| genetic diversity of cryptosporidium spp. in captive reptiles. | the genetic diversity of cryptosporidium in reptiles was analyzed by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rrna gene. a total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for cryptosporidium: nine different types of cryptosporidium were found, including cryptosporidium serpentis, cryptosporidium desert monitor genotype, cryptosporidium muris, cryptosporidium parvum bovine and mou ... | 2004 | 14766569 |
| first record of cryptosporidium infection in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). | cryptosporidium species have been found in more than 150 species of mammals, but there has been no report in raccoon dogs. here we found the cryptosporidium organism in a raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, and identified this isolate using pcr-based diagnostic methods. cryptosporidium diagnostic fragments of the 18s ribosomal rna, cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and 70-kda heat shock protein genes were amplified from the isolate and sequenced to reveal the phylogenetic relatio ... | 2004 | 15041092 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among the villagers and domestic animals in several rural areas of korea. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the infection status of cryptosporidium parvum in the villagers and the reservoir hosts in several rural areas in korea. a total 5,262 fecal samples were collected from the inhabitants residing at gangwon-do, chungcheongbuk-do, jeollanam-do, and gyeongsangnam-do between the dates of september, 2001 to june, 2002. in addition, 1,453 fecal samples were collected from livestock reared in gokseong-gun, jeollanam-do and chungju-si, chungcheongbuk-do. al ... | 2004 | 15060334 |
| anticryptosporidial activity of furan derivative g1 and its inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin. | the capacity of beta-cyclodextrin (betacd) to form a complex with a new furanic derivative, g1, was investigated. interactions of the drug and betacd in solution and in the solid state were studied using phase solubility techniques, thermal methods, x-ray, and ir spectroscopy. preparation of a kneaded mix of g1/betacd increased both the aqueous solubility and the dissolution rate of the furan derivative. the anticryptosporidial efficacies of the drug and of the inclusion complex were evaluated u ... | 2004 | 14648649 |
| prevalence and age-related variation of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves. | fifteen dairy farms in seven states on the east coast of the us were each visited on two consecutive years to determinate the prevalence of cryptosporidium species in pre-weaned (5 days to 2 months) and post-weaned calves (3-11 months), respectively. after each of 971 fecal specimens collected directly from each calf was sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain ... | 2004 | 15177715 |
| genotype and animal infectivity of a human isolate of cryptosporidium parvum in the republic of korea. | cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were isolated from a child suffering from acute gastroenteritis and successfully passaged in a calf and mice (designated hereafter snu-h1) in the republic of korea; its molecular genotype has been analyzed. the gag microsatellite region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr), with a 238 base pair product, which is commonly displayed in c. parvum. the isolate was shown to be a mixture of the genotypes 1 (anthroponotic) and 2 (zoonotic). to study its infe ... | 2004 | 15181350 |
| cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia recovered from flies on a cattle farm and in a landfill. | filth flies associated with a cattle barn and a municipal landfill were tested positive by combined immunofluorescent antibody and fluorescent in situ hybridization for cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia on their exoskeletons and in their guts. more pathogens were carried by flies from the cattle barn than from the landfill; 81% of c. parvum and 84% of g. lamblia pathogens were presumptively viable. | 2004 | 15184182 |
| immunolocalization of an enterotoxic glycoprotein exoantigen on the secretory organelles of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. | in this study, the fine ultrastructures of the secretory organelles of c. parvum sporozoites were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy (tem). meanwhile, a previously identified enterotoxic 18-20 kda copro-antigen (18-20 kda cca), associated with cryptosporidiosis in both human and calves, was isolated and immunolocalized on c. parvum sporozoites. using immunoelectron microscopy and anti-18-20 kda monospecific antibody demonstrated marked existence of the 18-20 kda cca on the apica ... | 2004 | 15224585 |
| release of cryptosporidium and giardia from dairy cattle manure: physical factors. | various physical factors affecting the release rate of naturally occurring cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and giardia duodenalis cysts from dairy manure disks to sprinkled water were studied. the investigated factors included temperature (5 or 23 degrees c), manure type (calf manure, a 50% calf and 50% cow manure mixture, and a 10% calf and 90% cow manure mixture), and water application method (mist or drip) and flow rate. effluent concentrations of manure and (oo)cysts were always several order ... | 2004 | 15254132 |
| molecular epidemiology of giardia and cryptosporidium infections in dairy calves originating from three sources in western australia. | a longitudinal study was undertaken to determine the spread of naturally acquired giardia and cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in western australia. samples were collected weekly from birth to weaning, and only calves that were sampled four or more times were included in the analysis. it was found that calves rapidly acquire infections with cryptosporidium parvum and giardia, with cryptosporidium being the first to appear within 1-3 weeks after birth whereas giardia was most prevalent in calves 4 ... | 2004 | 15265565 |
| sporadic cryptosporidiosis case-control study with genotyping. | we report a case-control study of sporadic cryptosporidiosis with genotyping of isolates from case-patients. a postal questionnaire was completed by 427 patients and 427 controls. we obtained genotyping data on isolates from 191 patients; 115 were cryptosporidium hominis, and 76 were c. parvum. when all cryptosporidiosis cases were analyzed, three variables were strongly associated with illness: travel outside the united kingdom, contact with another person with diarrhea, and touching cattle. ea ... | 2004 | 15324544 |
| cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology. | molecular tools have been developed to detect and differentiate cryptosporidium at the species/genotype and subtype levels. these tools have been increasingly used in the characterization of the transmission of cryptosporidium spp. this review addresses the most recent developments in molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. | 2004 | 15353969 |
| health sequelae of human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients. | there have been no systematic studies following up the longer term health effects of cases of cryptosporidiosis for which genotype data exist. | 2004 | 15356813 |
| cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (sus scrofa). | molecular and biological characteristics of a new species of cryptosporidium from the feces of pigs (sus scrofa) is described. oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of cryptosporidium parvum; they are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.9-4.4 microm (mean = 4.6 microm) x 4.0-4.3 microm (mean = 4.2 microm); length to width ratio 1.1 (n = 50). cryptosporidium suis is not transmissible to nude mice and is poorly infectious for cattle. molecular and phylogenetic a ... | 2004 | 15357067 |
| host cell tropism underlies species restriction of human and bovine cryptosporidium parvum genotypes. | it has been recognized recently that human cryptosporidiosis is usually caused by cryptosporidium parvum genotype i ("human" c. parvum), which is not found in animals. compared to c. parvum genotype ii, little is known of the biology of invasion of the human-restricted c. parvum genotype i. the aims of the present study were (i) to explore and compare with genotype ii the pathogenesis of c. parvum genotype i infection by using an established in vitro model of infection and (ii) to examine the po ... | 2004 | 15385517 |
| molecular genetic characterization and subcellular localization of a putative theileria annulata membrane protein. | a theileria annulata protein (tad) exhibiting an n-terminal signal sequence for endoplasmic reticulum membrane translocation and a conserved cysteine-rich region was isolated by screening the mrna of a t. annulata-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cell line with degenerated primers directed against t. annulata-targeting sequences. the tad-coding sequence was found to be most closely related to the genomic dna sequence of t. parva (tigr database, 72%) and the amino acid sequence of plasmodium falcip ... | 2004 | 15490238 |
| evaluation of two rapid assays for detecting cryptosporidium parvum in calf feces. | to evaluate 2 rapid, patient-side assays for detection of cryptosporidium parvum in feces from neonatal calves with diarrhea. | 2004 | 15515989 |
| efficacy of vegetated buffer strips for retaining cryptosporidium parvum. | overland and shallow subsurface hydrologic transport of pathogenic cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from cattle feces into surface drinking water supplies is a major concern on annual grasslands in california's central and southern sierra nevada foothills. soil boxes (0.5 m wide x 1.1 m long x 0.3 m deep) were used to evaluate the ability of grass vegetated buffer strips to retain 2 x 10(8) spiked c. parvum oocysts in 200-g fecal deposits during simulated rainfall intensities of 30 to 47.5 mm/h ov ... | 2004 | 15537947 |
| microbial adhesion of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites: purification of an inhibitory lipid from bovine mucosa. | cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan pathogen of humans and livestock worldwide. its ability to infect a wide range of species raises questions as to the involvement of a specific host cell receptor for parasite-host recognition. to investigate the mechanism of parasite-host cell recognition, we have developed an in vitro cell suspension binding assay to investigate adhesion of c. parvum sporozoites to host cells. morphologic features of binding events observed with this assay were identical to ... | 2004 | 15562596 |
| protection of calves against cryptosporiosis by oral inoculation with gamma-irradiated cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma-irradiated cryptosporidium parvum oocysts could elicit protective immunity against cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves. cryptosporidium parvum iowa strain oocysts (1 x 10(6) per inoculation) were exposed to various levels of gamma irradiation (350-500 gy) and inoculated into 1-day-old dairy calves. the calves were examined daily for clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis, and fecal samples were processed for the presence of c. parvum oocysts. a ... | 2004 | 15562625 |
| epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of cryptosporidium parvum in ohio in 2000. | in august 2000, the ohio department of health requested assistance to investigate a cryptosporidiosis outbreak with more than 700 clinical case-patients. an epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted. stool specimens, pool water, and sand filter samples were analyzed. a community-based case-control study showed that the main risk factor was swimming in pool a (odds ratio [or] = 42, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 12.3-144.9). this was supported by results of polymerase chain reac ... | 2004 | 15569788 |
| present and future control of cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. | although water treatment processes to remove cryptosporidium are improving and detection methods for identifying the parasite in water are becoming more sensitive, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis continue in the human population. animals, especially dairy calves, often become infected as c. parvum oocysts are present in high numbers, remain viable for long periods of time after excretion and no disinfectants, prophylactic or therapeutic reagents exist. vaccination against c. parvum is being attem ... | 2004 | 15606351 |
| outbreaks of enteric infections caused by multiple pathogens associated with calves at a farm day camp. | transmission of enteric pathogens at venues where the public contacts farm animals is a growing problem, particularly among children. in 2000 and again in 2001, enteric illness outbreaks caused by multiple pathogens occurred at a farm day camp for children in minnesota. | 2004 | 15626945 |
| [is cryptosporidium a zoonotic agent?]. | 13 species and several genotypes have been described so far within the genus cryptosporidium. all of them have very small stages which makes morphological differentiation difficult. the most common species is c. parvum, an enteric pathogen with a broad host spectrum including man and domestic mammals. molecular biological studies on isolates of c. parvum and other species have shown that the species is likely not to be monophyletic but consists of several species with different host spectra. bas ... | 2004 | 15683036 |
| fate of pathogens present in livestock wastes spread onto fescue plots. | fecal wastes from a variety of farmed livestock were inoculated with livestock isolates of escherichia coli o157, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, campylobacter jejuni, and cryptosporidium parvum oocysts at levels representative of the levels found in naturally contaminated wastes. the wastes were subsequently spread onto a grass pasture, and the decline of each of the zoonotic agents was monitored over time. there were no significant differences among the decimal reduction times for the bact ... | 2005 | 15691918 |
| the effect of thermal treatments on the viability and infectivity of cryptosporidium parvum on beef surfaces. | the aim of this research was to examine the effect of thermal treatments on the viability and infectivity of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts attached to a beef surface. | 2005 | 15715864 |
| prevalence and characterisation of cryptosporidium species in cattle faeces and on beef carcases at slaughter. | cattle are known reservoirs and asymptomatic excretors of cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite that causes severe and protracted diarrhoea in people. the incidence of cryptosporidium was investigated in 288 matched samples taken from beef carcases of 1 g samples of faeces retrieved immediately after de-legging, 25 cm2 samples of beef excised from the rump of uneviscerated carcases, and 25 cm2 samples of beef excised from the brisket area of eviscerated carcases. cryptosporidium species were det ... | 2005 | 15736696 |
| development of procedures for direct extraction of cryptosporidium dna from water concentrates and for relief of pcr inhibitors. | extraction of high-quality dna is a key step in pcr detection of cryptosporidium and other pathogens in environmental samples. currently, cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples have to be purified from water concentrates before dna is extracted. this study compared the effectiveness of six dna extraction methods (dna extraction with the qiaamp dna minikit after oocyst purification with immunomagnetic separation and direct dna extraction methods using the fastdna spin kit for soil, qiaamp dna s ... | 2005 | 15746310 |
| detection of cryptosporidium and identification to the species level by nested pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism. | cryptosporidiosis is an emerging protozoan disease associated with large waterborne outbreaks. diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of stools, but this method cannot identify the infecting species of cryptosporidium. we have developed a test based on nested pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) that offers simple identification of cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium parvum, and most other human infective species in stool samples. purified c. parvum oocysts were used ... | 2005 | 15750054 |
| sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, england, 1996-2002. | the incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest england before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. a national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the united kingdom. in a poisson regression model, membra ... | 2005 | 15752443 |
| prevalence of giardia and cryptosporidium in beef cows in southern ontario and in beef calves in southern british columbia. | in 1998 and 1999, fecal samples were collected from 669 beef cows on 39 farms located within 10 counties of ontario. overall prevalences of giardia, cryptosporidium muris, and cryptosporidium parvum in cows were 8.7%, 10.6%, and 18.4%, respectively. of the 39 farms sampled, giardia was detected on 64%, cr. muris on 72%, and cr. parvum on 90%. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 28% of the cows in 1998 and in 5.2% in 1999. differences between the 2 y were attributed to sampling during calving ... | 2005 | 15759828 |
| direct comparison of selected methods for genetic categorisation of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis species. | a study was undertaken to compare the performance of five different molecular methods (available in four different laboratories) for the identification of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis and the detection of genetic variation within each of these species. the same panel of oocyst dna samples derived from faeces (n=54; coded blindly) was sent for analysis by: (i) dna sequence analysis of a fragment of the hsp70 gene; (ii) dna sequence analysis and the ssrrna gene in laboratory ... | 2005 | 15777916 |
| risk of infection with cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis in dairy cattle in the new york city watershed. | to determine the risk posed by cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis from dairy cattle in the new york city watershed (nycw). | 2005 | 15822584 |
| effect of halofuginone lactate on the occurrence of cryptosporidium parvum and growth of neonatal dairy calves. | thirty-one holstein bull calves were purchased at birth from 3 dairy farms in eastern ontario. each calf was assigned at random to oral treatment with either 5 mg of halofuginone lactate in 10.0 ml of aqueous carrier solution (halocur, base comprised 10 mg of benzoic acid, 100 mg of lactic acid, and 0.3 mg of tartrazine) or 10 ml of placebo (halocur base minus the active ingredient, halofuginone lactate) administered 15 to 30 min after morning milk feeding for the first 7 d of life. intakes of m ... | 2005 | 15829673 |
| cryptosporidiumparvum oocysts in seawater clams (chameleagallina) in italy. | bivalves filter large volumes of water and can concentrate organisms which are pathogenic for humans and animals. our aim was to evaluate the presence of cryptosporidium spp. in clams from the adriatic coast (abruzzo region) and genetically characterize the oocysts isolated from the clams. from march to july 2003, 960 specimens of clams (chamelea gallina) present in nature were collected at 500 m from the tordino, tronto, vibrata and vomano river mouths on the adriatic sea. the haemolymph and ti ... | 2005 | 15907570 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum infection in southwestern ontario and its association with diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. | cryptosporidium parvum infection was detected in 203 (40.6%) of 500 ontario dairy calves aged 7 to 21 d, on a convenience sample of 51 farms with a history of calf diarrhea. within-farm prevalence ranged from 0% to 70%, and both shedding and intensity of shedding were significantly associated with diarrhea. this parasite appears to be common in ontario dairy calves and important as a cause of dairy calf scours in the province. | 2005 | 15943123 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in chile. | knowledge of species and genotypes on cryptosporidium involved in human transmission is fundamental in studying the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. this is the first study in molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis that has been made in chile. cryptosporidium parvum species and genotypes involved in human and bovine cryptosporidiosis were determined by pcr-rflp. low prevalence of cryptosporidium was found in humans and cattle. of the 127 cattle studied, only in one was c. parvum detected ... | 2005 | 15952040 |
| incidence of cryptosporidium parvum in the dairy cattle population in a new york city watershed. | a longitudinal study of 2-year duration was conducted to determine the risk, as measured by incidence rate, of cryptosporidium parvum infection among dairy cattle in the catskill/delaware watershed of new york city (nyc), and the factors that predispose animals to the likelihood of infection. a proportional sampling scheme with follow up at quarterly farm visits was employed for heifers and cows. additionally, all calves born on the 39 study farms were sampled once during the first four weeks of ... | 2005 | 15955631 |
| declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm. | to measure the decline rates of zoonotic agents introduced into liquid livestock wastes in on-farm storage tanks. | 2005 | 15960665 |
| endoparasites in calves of beef cattle herds: management systems dependent and genetic influences. | prevalences and intensities of excretion of faecal stages of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, eimeria spp., strongyloides papillosus and strongyles were determined in a german upland area in german angus (ga) and german simmental (gs) suckler of beef cattle herds covering two winter housing periods and the grazing season between them. influences of the housing systems applied (maintenance on deep litter with (dl+) and without run-out (dl--), on slatted floor (sf) or by winter run-out ... | 2005 | 15979802 |
| expression of p23 of cryptosporidium parvum in toxoplasma gondii and evaluation of its protective effects. | in this study, p23 of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites, an immunodominant surface protein, was stably expressed in toxoplasma gondii (tg/p23) and its protective effects were evaluated in a mouse model. the molecular weight and antigenic property of p23 expressed by tg/p23 were similar to those of the native p23. mice immunized with lysed tg/p23 tachyzoites produced specific neutralizing antibodies against c. parvum. these findings indicate that the t. gondii vector may provide a new tool for t ... | 2005 | 15986633 |
| cryptosporidium infection in livestock and first identification of cryptosporidium parvum genotype in cattle feces in taiwan. | fecal survey by modified ziehl-neelsen (mzn) method and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of cryptosporidium infection in cattle and goats in taiwan showed a prevalence of 37.6% (173/460) and 35.8% (44/123), respectively. in addition to the calves, adult cattle were also found to be shedding cryptosporidium oocyst. no significant difference was observed between diarrheic and non-diarrheic cattle feces with regard to the presence of cryptosporidium oocyst. two groups of oocysts with different diamet ... | 2005 | 15997405 |
| [cryptosporidiosis in newborn calves in ankara region: clinical, haematological findings and treatment with lasalocid-na]. | in the first part of the present study, a total of 109 faeces samples collected from calves suffering from diarrhoea were examined for cryptosporidium parvum oocytes and 39 (35.8%) of them were found to be positive. on the basis of oocyte counts, 14 (36%) samples were assessed as mildly infected and 25 (64%) samples as heavily infected. the occurrence of the disease was more common in winter (56.4%) than during other seasons (autuma 0%, summer 15.4% spring 28.2%. in the present study, the ionoph ... | 2005 | 16028484 |
| seasonal temperature fluctuations induces rapid inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum. | this study measured the inactivation rate of bovine genotype a cryptosporidium parvum oocysts attributable to diurnal oscillations of ambient temperature and solar radiation typical of california rangelands and dairies from spring through autumn. we first measured the relationship between air temperature and the internal temperature of bovine feces exposed to sunlight on commercial operations throughout california. once maximum air temperature exceeded the mid 20 degrees c, diurnal thermal regim ... | 2005 | 16047784 |
| multiattribute evaluation of two simple tests for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum in calf faeces. | there is a need for simple and inexpensive diagnostic and screening tests for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves. a sucrose wet mount test and a lateral immunochromatography test were evaluated for epidemiological sensitivity and specificity, cost per test, simplicity, test time and ease of batching. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene locus, with gel electrophoresis, was use ... | 2005 | 16115735 |
| the zoonotic transmission of giardia and cryptosporidium. | the molecular characterisation of giardia and cryptosporidium has given rise to a more epidemiological meaningful and robust taxonomy. importantly, molecular tools are now available for 'typing' isolates of the parasites directly from clinical and environmental samples. as a consequence, information on zoonotic potential has been obtained although the frequency of zoonotic transmission is still poorly understood. analysis of outbreaks and case-control studies, especially when coupled with genoty ... | 2005 | 16159658 |
| [protozoan infection causes diarrhea in calves]. | the role of protozoan parasites in the etiology of diarrhea in calves is highlighted with emphasis on correct diagnosis. in neonatal calves, cryptosporidium parvum is isolated in more than 44% of the faeces of diarrhetic calves. in calves older than one month, both eimeria bovis and e. zuernii, and giardia duodenalis are associated with diarrhea and poor growth. clinical diagnosis has to be confirmed by examination of host faecal material. both for c. parvum and g. duodenalis immunological assay ... | 2005 | 16363207 |
| partial characterization of genes encoding the atp-binding cassette proteins of cryptosporidium parvum. | the present study aims to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the multidrug resistance characteristic of cryptosporidium parvum by detecting the presence of atp-binding cassette (abc) protein encoding genes, especially one that shows high similarity to members belonging to the multidrug resistance protein (mdr) and multidrug resistance associated protein (mrp) subfamilies. pcr using abc-specific degenerate primers successfully amplified two unique fragments, designated cpnbd1 and cpnbd2, ... | 2005 | 16883276 |
| patterns of cryptosporidium oocyst shedding by eastern grey kangaroos inhabiting an australian watershed. | the occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts in feces from a population of wild eastern grey kangaroos inhabiting a protected watershed in sydney, australia, was investigated. over a 2-year period, cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 239 of the 3,557 (6.7%) eastern grey kangaroo fecal samples tested by using a combined immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometric technique. the prevalence of cryptosporidium in this host population was estimated to range from 0.32% to 28.5%, with peaks occurri ... | 2005 | 16204534 |
| effect of bovine manure on cryptosporidium parvum oocyst attachment to soil. | the objective of this work was to assess the effect of dilute bovine manure (1.0% and 0.1%) versus that of no manure on attachment and subsequent detachment of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to soil. manure enhanced the attachment of oocysts to soil particles; the maximum attachment was observed with 0.1% manure. oocyst attachment was partially reversible; maximum detachment was observed with dilute manure. these results indicate that oocyst attachment to soil is substantially affected by bovine ... | 2005 | 16204565 |
| the occurrence of cryptosporidium parvum, campylobacter and salmonella in newborn dairy calves in the manawatu region of new zealand. | to determine the occurrence of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, campylobacter spp and salmonella spp in faecal samples taken from newborn dairy calves on 24 dairy farms in the manawatu region of new zealand. | 2005 | 16220123 |
| quantitative risk assessment of cryptosporidium species infection in dairy calves. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan that infects many different mammals including cattle and humans. cryptosporidiosis has become a concern for dairy producers because of the direct losses due to calves not performing well and the potential for environmental contamination with c. parvum. identifying modifiable control points in the dynamics of infection in dairy herds will help identify management strategies that mitigate its risk. the quantitative risk assessment approach provides es ... | 2005 | 16230699 |
| inhibitory activities of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted dihydroxyisoflavone and trihydroxydeoxybenzoin derivatives on sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum development. | several gene sequences of parasitic protozoa belonging to protein kinase gene families and epidermal growth factor (egf)-like peptides, which act via binding to receptor tyrosine kinases of the egf receptor (egfr) family, appear to mediate host-protozoan interactions. as a clue to egfr protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) mediation and a novel approach for identifying anticoccidial agents, activities against sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum grown in bm and hct-8 cell cu ... | 2005 | 16251305 |
| development of a rapid method for simultaneous recovery of diverse microbes in drinking water by ultrafiltration with sodium polyphosphate and surfactants. | the ability to simultaneously concentrate diverse microbes is an important consideration for sample collection methods that are used for emergency response and environmental monitoring when drinking water may be contaminated with an array of unknown microbes. this study focused on developing a concentration method using ultrafilters and different combinations of a chemical dispersant (sodium polyphosphate [napp]) and surfactants. tap water samples were seeded with bacteriophage ms2, escherichia ... | 2005 | 16269722 |
| response of t lymphocytes from previously infected calves to recombinant cryptosporidium parvum p23 vaccine antigen. | we had previously demonstrated that a type-1-like immune response involving interferon-gamma expression in lamina propria lymphocytes accompanied by igg2 subclass fecal antibodies to cryptosporidium parvum p23 emerged in gut mucosa of calves recovering from cryptosporidiosis. because a recombinant p23 had been shown to protect calves from cryptosporidiosis when administered as a vaccine antigen to late gestation cattle, this study was undertaken to determine if the same vaccine antigen could ind ... | 2005 | 16419781 |
| longitudinal analysis of cryptosporidium species-specific immunoglobulin g antibody responses in peruvian children. | cryptosporidium species are ubiquitous in the environment and are frequently detected in the stools of children who live where sanitation conditions are poor. to better characterize the immune response to these parasites, we monitored immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody levels in a cohort of children from lima, peru. two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on the c. parvum (bovine, subtype iia) iowa strain 17-kda and 27-kda antigens were used to measure igg antibody levels in longitudinal s ... | 2006 | 16426009 |
| persistent infection in a dairy herd with an unusual genotype of bovine cryptosporidium parvum. | on two occasions, we identified cryptosporidium parvum with an unusual banding pattern after restriction enzyme digestion of cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein pcr fragments. the samples originated from a single farm with calf diarrhoea. the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein pcr fragment sequence revealed a point mutation in one of the recognition sites for rsai. our subgenotyping showed that samples from both samplings shared the same ms1 and gp15 alleles. analysis of the tp14 microsatellite ... | 2006 | 16451181 |
| changes of physical and biochemical properties of cryptosporidium oocysts with various storage conditions. | physical and biochemical properties of cryptosporidium parvum oocyst were examined after storage under various conditions. oocyst-positive-fecal samples recovered from calves were either stored in a 2.0% potassium dichromate solution (cr) or deionized water (w), or kept as a fecal pellet (p), and stored at 4 or 18 degrees c for a maximum of 100 days. when stored in cr at 4 degrees c, the morphology of oocysts and their ability to withstand ultrasonics was not affected by the storing media or the ... | 2006 | 16458949 |
| identification of isoflavone derivatives as effective anticryptosporidial agents in vitro and in vivo. | we report the preparation and antiparasitic activity in vitro and in vivo of a series of isoflavone derivatives related to genistein. these analogues retain the 5,7-dihydroxyisoflavone core of genistein: direct genistein analogues (2-h isoflavones), 2-carboethoxy isoflavones, and the precursor deoxybenzoins were all evaluated. excellent in vitro activity against cryptosporidium parvum was observed for both classes of isoflavones in cell cultures, and the lead compound 19, rm6427, shows high in v ... | 2006 | 16480281 |
| cryptosporidium oocysts in mussels (mytilus edulis) from normandy (france). | cultured mussels (mytilus edulis) were collected seasonally during one year from three sites on the northwestern coastal area of normandy (france). flesh, gills and innerwater were examined for cryptosporidium oocyst detection using immunomagnetic separation and immunofluorescence assay. oocysts were present in all samples for all sites and seasons and flesh was the most contaminated part. oocyst rates were apparently related with seasonal rain precipitation variations. molecular analysis reveal ... | 2006 | 16488039 |
| age-related and housing-dependence of cryptosporidium infection of calves from dairy and beef herds in south bohemia, czech republic. | data of the prevalence, age-related and housing-dependence of naturally acquired cryptosporidiosis on 11 dairy and 11 beef farms in south bohemia (czech republic) were collected. the farms were visited over four consecutive years (from 2002 to 2005). the prevalence of cryptosporidium in pre-weaned (animals until second month of age) and post-weaned (animals from the third month of age) calves was determined. a total of 7001 faecal samples were collected, concentrated by sheather's floatation met ... | 2006 | 16488542 |
| survival of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf housing facilities in the new york city watersheds. | pathogen contamination of the public drinking water supply in the new york city watersheds is a serious concern. new york city's watershed agriculture program is working with dairy farms in the watersheds to implement management practices that will reduce the risk of pathogens contaminating the water supply. solar calf housing (sch) was suggested as a best management practice (bmp) to control cryptosporidium parvum, a common protozoan parasite that causes disease in humans. this bmp targets youn ... | 2006 | 16510713 |
| genotype analysis of cryptosporidium spp. prevalent in a rural village in hwasun-gun, republic of korea. | two species of cryptosporidium are known to infect man; c. hominis which shows anthroponotic transmission between humans, and c. parvum which shows zoonotic transmission between animals or between animals and man. in this study, we focused on identifying genotypes of cryptosporidium prevalent among inhabitants and domestic animals (cattle and goats), to elucidate transmittal routes in a known endemic area in hwasun-gun, jeollanam-do, republic of korea. the existence of cryptosporidium oocysts wa ... | 2006 | 16514279 |
| the relationship of soil province to molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium parvum isolated from calves in georgia. | although cryptosporidium spp. are found throughout the world and in multiple environmental conditions, few data are available that explore the possibility of an association between specific environmental parameters and the species or strain of cryptosporidium. this study examines the potential association between a particular cryptosporidium species/strain found in calves and soil provinces in georgia, usa. necropsy cases spanning the years 1996-2002 were tested. no significant differences (p=0. ... | 2006 | 16516506 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infections in bergen, norway, during an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in autumn and winter 2004. | during a large waterborne giardiasis outbreak in norway, many diarrheic patients were found to have cryptosporidium infections. gene sequencing identified these infections as cryptosporidium parvum infections, although they were not identical. whether these infections were due to a simultaneous outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis or reflected background levels not normally detected is discussed. | 2006 | 16517675 |
| prevalence and genotyping of cryptosporidium in three cattle husbandry systems in zambia. | to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in three different husbandry systems in zambia, faecal samples were collected from calves up to the age of 3 months. faecal consistency was scored for correlation with infection. additionally, 45 positive samples were selected for genotyping by amplification of the 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp-70) and the 18s rrna gene. a total of 37 dairy, 25 beef and 92 traditional husbandry farms were visited: 250 samples were collected on dairy farms, 238 ... | 2006 | 16546321 |
| distribution of cryptosporidium subtypes in humans and domestic and wild ruminants in portugal. | to investigate the transmission of cryptosporidiosis in portugal, cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum from hiv-infected patients, cattle, and wild ruminants were characterized by sequence analysis of the 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene. fourteen subtypes within nine subtype families were identified, and three of the subtype families (if, iib, and iid) were restricted or largely limited to portugal. parasites from cattle from various regions in portugal and wild ruminants in lisbon ... | 2006 | 16552512 |
| genotype and subtype analyses of cryptosporidium isolates from dairy calves and humans in ontario. | to assess the importance of dairy cattle as a source of human cryptosporidium infections in ontario, canada, 44 cryptosporidium isolates from neonatal dairy calves and 11 from sporadic human cases of cryptosporidiosis in the province were genotyped by pcr-rflp analyses of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) and 18s rrna genes. isolates were also subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene. all bovine isolates successfully subtyped belonged to cryptosporidium p ... | 2006 | 16565813 |
| subgenotype analysis of cryptosporidium parvum isolates from humans and animals in japan using the 60-kda glycoprotein gene sequences. | cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known intestinal parasite which is associated with severe acute diarrhea in humans and animals. this parasite is composed of morphologically identical but genetically different multiple genotypes. in humans, cryptosporidiosis is mainly caused by two c. parvum genotypes, human genotype (previously known as genotype 1 and recently proposed as new species c. hominis) and cattle genotype (previously known as genotype 2). however, recent molecular studies indicate the ... | 2006 | 16565816 |
| emergence of distinct genotypes of cryptosporidium parvum in structured host populations. | cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that infects humans and ruminants. c. parvum isolated from cattle in northeastern turkey and in israel was genotyped using multiple polymorphic genetic markers, and the two populations were compared to assess the effect of cattle husbandry on the parasite's population structure. dairy herds in israel are permanently confined with essentially no opportunity for direct herd-to-herd transmission, whereas in turkey there are more opportunities for t ... | 2006 | 16597950 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: treatment effects and the rate of decline in oocyst infectivity. | cryptosporidium parvum has become the focus of numerous studies on waterborne disease and transmission in response to outbreaks endangering populations worldwide. the foci detection method-most probable number assay (fdm-mpn) is an in vitro cell culture method that has been developed and used to determine the quantity of infectious c. parvum oocysts. this research evaluated 2 vendor's producing oocysts, sterling parasitology laboratory (spl) and pleasant hill farms (phf) (now known as bunch gras ... | 2006 | 16629316 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum infection in punjab (india) and its association with diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. | a prevalence study was contemplated to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy farms in punjab, india. the cryptosporidium oocysts were detected from 50 and 25.68% from 80 diarrheic and 74 non-diarrheic animals, respectively. both shedding and intensity of shedding were significant in calves with diarrhea. the cryptosporidium spp. appears to be common in dairy calves and an important contributor of calf diarrhea in the punjab province. the prevalence of the infection peaked in ... | 2006 | 16647820 |
| recurrent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with calves among students at an educational farm programme, minnesota, 2003. | enteric illness outbreaks among middle-/high-school students in consecutive semesters of an educational farm programme were investigated with retrospective cohort studies. during the first outbreak, 31/92 (34%) interviewed students were ill. risk factors included participating in animal science class (rr 8.1, 95% ci 1.2-55.2) and contact with calves (rr 4.2, 95% ci 1.1-16.2). stool samples from seven students and two calves yielded cryptosporidium parvum. students cared for animals in street clo ... | 2006 | 16672084 |