Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| gallbladder hydrops due to viral hepatitis a infection: a case report. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in the developing countries among children, but hydrops of gallbladder due to hepatitis a infection is an uncommon presentation. | 2015 | 25789130 |
| letter to the editor in response to the editorial commentary by dr kenrad e. nelson entitled, "the changing epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in the united states". | 2015 | 25784730 | |
| determination of which virus to use as a process control when testing for the presence of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in food and water. | noroviruses (genogroup i (nov gi) and genogroup ii (nov gii)) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) are frequently involved in foodborne infections worldwide. they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water and foods. in food virology, detection methods are currently based on identifying viral genomes using real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr). one of the general requirements for detecting these viruses in food involve ... | 2015 | 25771512 |
| modeling the long-term persistence of hepatitis a antibody after a two-dose vaccination schedule in argentinean children. | long-term seroprotection data are essential for decision-making on the need and timing of vaccine boosters. based on data from longitudinal serological studies, modeling can provide estimates on long-term antibody persistence and inform such decision-making. | 2015 | 25764099 |
| hepatitis a virus in a medical setting in madagascar: a lesson for public health. | 2015 | 25742156 | |
| in memoriam: albert z. kapikian, md, 1930-2014. | 2015 | 25737559 | |
| severe bilateral optic neuritis post hepatitis a virus (hav) and typhoid fever vaccination. | 2015 | 26145200 | |
| a single dose of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine promotes hav-specific memory cellular response similar to that induced by a natural infection. | based on current studies on the effects of single dose vaccines on antibody production, latin american countries have adopted a single dose vaccine program. however, no data are available on the activation of cellular response to a single dose of hepatitis a. our study investigated the functional reactivity of the memory cell phenotype after hepatitis a virus (hav) stimulation through administration of the first or second dose of hav vaccine and compared the response to that of a baseline group ... | 2015 | 26144899 |
| cross-sectional study of hepatitis a virus infection in the pantanal population before vaccine implementation in brazil: usage of non-invasive specimen collection. | population-based prevalence studies are essential tools for screening of hepatitis a and provide important data on susceptible groups. however, surveillance in isolated communities is difficult because of the limited access to these areas and the need for blood sample collection. this study aimed to determine the anti-hav prevalence using oral fluid samples to provide an alternative tool for epidemiological studies that might be useful for vaccination-related decisions. the study population was ... | 2015 | 26133128 |
| self-reported hepatitis a vaccination as a predictor of hepatitis a virus antibody protection in u.s. adults: national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2012. | to estimate the predictive value of self-reported hepatitis a vaccine (hepa) receipt for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody (anti-hav) from either past infection or vaccination, as an indicator of hav protection. | 2015 | 26116252 |
| hepatitis a and e viruses in wastewaters, in river waters, and in bivalve molluscs in italy. | several studies have reported the detection of hepatitis a (hav) and e (hev) virus in sewage waters, indicating a possibility of contamination of aquatic environments. the objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of hav and hev in different water environments, following the route of contamination from raw sewage through treated effluent to the surface waters receiving wastewater discharges . bivalve molluscan shellfish samples were also analyzed, as sentinel of marine pollutio ... | 2015 | 26115693 |
| incidence of human adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in the final effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants in eastern cape province, south africa. | municipal effluent constitutes a large reservoir of human enteric viruses and bacteria. contemporary monitoring practices rely on indicator bacteria, and do not test for viruses. different viruses, including norwalk-like viruses, hepatitis a virus (hav), adenoviruses, and rotaviruses, are important agents of illnesses in humans. the burden of disease caused by adenoviruses manifests as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and tonsillitis, whereas hav infection can manifest as ... | 2015 | 26104284 |
| public health impact and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis a vaccination in the united states: a disease transmission dynamic modeling approach. | to assess the population-level impact and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis a vaccination programs in the united states. | 2015 | 26091589 |
| clinical factors and viral load influencing severity of acute hepatitis a. | clinical manifestations of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection vary from mild to fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in adults. we investigated the relationship between laboratory findings, including viral load, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute hepatitis a (aha) and evaluated predictive factors for severe acute hepatitis (s-ah). | 2015 | 26090677 |
| seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis a infection in nigerian children. | hepatitis a infection is prevalent in developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. in nigeria, there is no epidemiological data on children for this infection. a community based study was carried out to establish the seroprevalence and predictors of this infection in children. | 2015 | 26090068 |
| serological markers of autoimmunity in children with hepatitis a: relation to acute and fulminant presentation. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection tends to be a self-limiting disease without serious sequelae, but fulminant hepatitis, with a high mortality, develops in 0.1-0.2% of the cases. sometimes, hav infection precipitates autoimmune hepatitis (aih). we aimed to assess the frequency and clinical significance of serologic markers of autoimmunity during hepatitis a infection with an acute or fulminant presentation compared with those in aih. | 2015 | 26062080 |
| a retrospective pooled analysis assessing the effect of age on the immunogenicity of havrix™ in healthy adults. | over recent decades, the global incidence of hepatitis a virus infection has been reduced by improvements in sanitation infrastructure and through immunization programs. the immunogenicity and field efficacy of the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix™, gsk, belgium) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, population-impact studies as well as in several outbreak settings. however, immunological data in older populations are limited, with only few studies assessing the immune response of thi ... | 2015 | 26029816 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a in italy associated with frozen redcurrants imported from poland: a case study. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was detected in a batch of imported non-packaged frozen redcurrants purchased in a bari grocery. sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the hav strain clustered tightly with the hav strain from the 2013 italian epidemic, providing additional evidence that frozen redcurrants were the main vehicle of the hav outbreak. | 2015 | 26001535 |
| using immunoglobulin y as an alternative antibody for the detection of hepatitis a virus in frozen liver sections. | an increasing amount of research has been conducted on immunoglobulin y (igy) because the use of igy offers several advantages with respect to diagnostic testing, including its easy accessibility, low cost and translatability to large-scale production, in addition to the fact that it can be ethically produced. in a previous work, immunoglobulin was produced and purified from egg yolks (igy) reactive to hepatitis a virus (hav) antigens. in the present work, this anti-hav-specific igy was used in ... | 2015 | 25993400 |
| impact of hepatitis a vaccination with a two-dose schedule in panama: results of epidemiological surveillance and time trend analysis. | in april 2007, panama introduced hepatitis a universal vaccination using a two-dose schedule (havrix(®)junior; gsk vaccines, belgium). we assessed the impact of this hepatitis a vaccine three years after it was recommended for universal mass vaccination in panama. | 2015 | 25981490 |
| comparison of immunogenicity between inactivated and live attenuated hepatitis a vaccines among young adults: a 3-year follow-up study. | a randomized clinical trial of hepatitis a vaccines (1 or 2 doses of inactivated vaccine [healive] or 1 dose of live attenuated vaccine [biovac]) was conducted among adults to evaluate seroprotection rates and geometric mean concentrations of antibody against hepatitis a virus for 36 months. high rates of seroprotection persisted for at least 36 months among adults who received 1 or 2 doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine but not among adults who received 1 dose of live attenuated hepatitis a ... | 2015 | 25969561 |
| epidemiological and genetic analysis of a 2014 outbreak of hepatitis a in japan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most common causes of feces-transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. in japan, most of hav infections have been sporadic cases and a relatively low number of cases (approximately 100-150) of acute hepatitis a were reported in 2012 and 2013. however, in 2014, 342 cases were reported as of week 22. in order to characterize the viral agents causing this outbreak, we collected stool or sera (and both for three case) from patients with hepatitis a from many regions ... | 2015 | 25957664 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in seeded oyster digestive tissue by ricin a-linked magnetic separation combined with reverse transcription pcr. | outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections are most frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated oysters. a rapid and selective concentration method is necessary for the recovery of hav from contaminated oysters prior to detection using pcr. in this study, ricin extracted from castor beans (ricinus communis) was tested as an alternative to antibody used in immunomagnetic separation while concentrating hav prior to its detection using reverse transcription pcr. initially, the e ... | 2015 | 25951406 |
| t-helper 17-related cytokines and ige antibodies during hepatitis a virus infection in children. | we determined the serum ige levels and t-helper (th)17-related cytokines during distinct hepatitis a virus (hav)-induced clinical courses in children. a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, interleukin (il)-17e and il-17f in hav-infected children with intermediate liver injury compared with those with minor liver damage was found. a reduction in the ige levels in those patients who showed the highest levels of il-17f in the group of intermediate liver injury ... | 2015 | 25946253 |
| [persistence of hepatitis a virus antibodies after primary immunization and response to revaccination in children and adolescents with perinatal hiv exposure]. | to assess possible factors associated with the loss of antibodies to hepatitis a 7 years after the primary immunization in children of hiv-infected mothers and the response to revaccination in patients seronegative for hepatitis a. | 2015 | 25918013 |
| long-term antibody persistence in children after vaccination with the pediatric formulation of an aluminum-free virosomal hepatitis a vaccine. | the pediatric dose of the virosomal hepatitis a vaccine epaxal, epaxal junior, is safe and immunogenic in children from 1 to 17 years of age. the present study investigated the long-term immunogenicity of epaxal junior. the standard doses of epaxal and aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis a vaccine (havrix junior) were used as comparators. | 2015 | 25389920 |
| reassessing immune control of hepatitis a virus. | there is renewed interest in hepatitis a virus (hav) pathogenesis and immunity after 2-3 decades of limited progress. from a public health perspective, the average age at infection has increased in developing countries, resulting in more severe hepatitis that is poorly understood mechanistically. more fundamentally, there is interest in comparing immunity to hav and hepatitis c virus (hcv): small, positive-strand rna viruses with very different infection outcomes. here, we review evidence that c ... | 2015 | 25617494 |
| hepatitis a infection in patients with chronic viral liver disease: a cross-sectional study in jahrom, iran. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) in patient with chronic liver disease (cld; due to hepatitis b or hepatitis c) may cause severe disease and fulminant liver failure. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in patients infected with hcv or hbv in iran (jahrom city). a total of 159 patients with underlying cld were recruited between september 2012 and february 2013. serum samples were collected from each patient and tested for anti-hav using enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2015 | 24742346 |
| rethinking the immune properties of bilirubin in viral hepatitis: from bench to bedside. | communication between the immune system and metabolic components can be exemplified by the process of heme catabolism. the immunomodulatory functions of the enzymes, substrates and active products related to catabolism of the heme group have been extensively studied. bilirubin (br), the final breakdown product of heme, is primarily considered to be a toxic waste product but has recently been considered to be an immunomodulatory metabolite. through mechanisms that include intracellular signaling ... | 2015 | 26719800 |
| the dual role of exosomes in hepatitis a and c virus transmission and viral immune activation. | exosomes are small nanovesicles of about 100 nm in diameter that act as intercellular messengers because they can shuttle rna, proteins and lipids between different cells. many studies have found that exosomes also play various roles in viral pathogenesis. hepatitis a virus (hav; a picornavirus) and hepatitis c virus (hcv; a flavivirus) two single strand plus-sense rna viruses, in particular, have been found to use exosomes for viral transmission thus evading antibody-mediated immune responses. ... | 2015 | 26694453 |
| ddx60l is an interferon-stimulated gene product restricting hepatitis c virus replication in cell culture. | all major types of interferon (ifn) efficiently inhibit hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication in vitro and in vivo. remarkably, hcv replication is not sensitive to ifn-γ in the hepatoma cell line huh6, despite an intact signaling pathway. we performed transcriptome analyses between huh6 and huh-7 cells to identify effector genes of the ifn-γ response and thereby identified the dexd/h box helicase dead box polypeptide 60-like (ddx60l) as a restriction factor of hcv replication. ddx60l and its homol ... | 2015 | 26269178 |
| frequency and prognosis of acute pancreatitis associated with acute hepatitis e: a systematic review. | the association of acute pancreatitis (ap) with viral hepatitis is well known, and is usually attributed to hav, hbv, or hcv. ap related to acute hepatitis e (ahe) has been rarely described, and the typical profile is that of a young male, residing in an endemic area, presenting with mild to moderate pancreatitis, and improving with conservative management. | 2015 | 26049260 |
| novel perspectives for hepatitis a virus therapy revealed by comparative analysis of hepatitis c virus and hepatitis a virus rna replication. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are two positive-strand rna viruses sharing a similar biology, but causing opposing infection outcomes, with hav always being cleared and hcv establishing persistence in the majority of infections. to gain deeper insight into determinants of replication, persistence, and treatment, we established a homogenous cell-culture model allowing a thorough comparison of rna replication of both viruses. by screening different human liver-derived cell lin ... | 2015 | 25866017 |
| frequency of hepatitis e and hepatitis a virus in water sample collected from faisalabad, pakistan. | hepatitis e and hepatitis a virus both are highly prevalent in pakistan mainly present as a sporadic disease. the aim of the current study is to isolate and characterized the specific genotype of hepatitis e virus from water bodies of faisalabad, pakistan. drinking and sewage samples were qualitatively analyzed by using rt-pcr. hev genotype 1 strain was recovered from sewage water of faisalabad. prevalence of hev and hav in sewage water propose the possibility of gradual decline in the protectio ... | 2015 | 26706972 |
| hepatitis e virus and fulminant hepatitis--a virus or host-specific pathology? | fulminant hepatitis is a rare outcome of infection with hepatitis e virus. several recent reports suggest that virus variation is an important determinant of disease progression. to critically examine the evidence that virus-specific factors underlie the development of fulminant hepatitis following hepatitis e virus infection. | 2015 | 24974734 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e virus infections among healthy population in shiraz, southern iran. | enterically-transmitted acute viral hepatitis is caused predominantly by hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). the prevalence of hev and hav infections varies in different geographical regions. | 2015 | 26421130 |
| removal of rotavirus and bacteriophages by membrane bioreactor technology from sewage. | human enteric viruses constitute a public health concern due to their low infectious dose and their resistance to environmental factors and to inactivation processes. we aimed at assessing the performance of a laboratory scale submerged membrane bioreactor (smbr) treating abattoir wastewaters for rotavirus (rv) and total coliphages removal. we also aimed at evaluating removal efficiency of enteric viruses through conventional activated sludge treatment by measuring concentrations of total coliph ... | 2015 | 26210901 |
| comparison of autochthonous and imported cases of hepatitis a or hepatitis e. | hepatitis a and hepatitis e are not limited to tropical countries but are also present in industrialized countries. both infections share similar clinical features. there is no comparative study evaluating the clinical parameters of autochthonous and imported hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus infections. | 2015 | 26167693 |
| presence of pathogenic enteric viruses in illegally imported meat and meat products to eu by international air travelers. | one hundred twenty two meat samples confiscated from passengers on flights from non-european countries at the international airport of bilbao (spain) were tested for the presence of the main foodborne viral pathogens (human noroviruses genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a and e viruses) during 2012 and 2013. a sample process control virus, murine norovirus, was used to evaluate the correct performance of the method. overall, 67 samples were positive for at least one enteric viruses, 65 being positiv ... | 2015 | 25951793 |
| swine is a possible source of hepatitis e virus infection by comparative study of hepatitis a and e seroprevalence in thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developing countries are associated with contaminated food or water. although thailand is non-endemic for hev, sporadic infections may occur from zoonotic transmission. individuals between 7 months to 69 years (mean age = 32.8) from predominantly islamic narathiwat (n = 305) and swine farm-dense lop buri (n = 416) provinces were screened for anti-hev and anti-hav antibodies by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and automa ... | 2015 | 25927925 |
| enhanced mucosal immune responses induced by a combined candidate mucosal vaccine based on hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus structural proteins linked to tuftsin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the most common causes of infectious hepatitis. these viruses are spread largely by the fecal-oral route and lead to clinically important disease in developing countries. to evaluate the potential of targeting hepatitis a and e infection simultaneously, a combined mucosal candidate vaccine was developed with the partial open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequence (aa 368-607) of hev (he-orf2) and partial virus protein 1 (vp1) sequence (aa 1-198) o ... | 2015 | 25875115 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hev igg in 182 polish patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emergent disease in developed countries. hev seroprevalence in such areas significantly exceeds values expected when one considers infection with this virus only as a problem restricted to classical endemic regions. to date, no related data are available in poland. in this study we aimed to obtain hev seroprevalence data and compare them with similar data for hepatitis a virus (hav) in polish patients. | 2015 | 25748623 |
| presence of human and animal viruses in surface waters in vojvodina province of serbia. | for the first time in serbia, a small surveillance study was conducted in order to estimate the presence and frequency of occurrence of selected human [adenoviruses (hadv), noroviruses, (nov gi, nov gii) and hepatitis a virus (hav)], animal [porcine adenovirus (padv) and bovine polyomavirus (bpyv)] and zoonotic [hepatitis e virus (hev)] viruses in selected surface waters. in total, 60 surface water samples were collected in two sampling occasions at 30 locations, with each sampling time being se ... | 2015 | 25687987 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both enterically transmitted, resulting in acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries. they pose major health problems in our country. this study was done to determine prevalence of hav and hev in patients presenting with avh and the co-infection of hav and hev in these patients. | 2015 | 25657123 |
| seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus among children in rural central taiwan. | helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav) are thought to have similar routes of transmission and epidemiology. this study investigated the seroprevalence of these 2 pathogens among children in rural, central taiwan. serum samples were collected from 856 children between 2010 and 2012 and levels of anti-hav and anti-h. pylori antibodies were measured by elisa. questionnaires were used to investigate possible risk factors. the overall h. pylori and hav infection rates were 6% and 0.8%, respe ... | 2015 | 25866110 |
| hepatotropic viruses as etiological agents of acute liver failure and related-outcomes among children in india: a retrospective hospital-based study. | acute liver failure (alf) is marked by a sudden loss of hepatic function and is associated with a high mortality rate in children. the etiology of alf is shown to vary geographically. this study assessed the frequency of hepatotropic viruses as etiological agents of alf in indian children. | 2015 | 26311040 |
| seroprevalence for hepatitis e and other viral hepatitides among diverse populations, malawi. | data on prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in malawi is limited. we tested blood samples from hiv-uninfected and -infected populations of women and men enrolled in research studies in malawi during 1989-2008 to determine the seroprevalence of hev, hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). samples were tested for igg against hev, total antibodies against hav and hcv, and presence of hbv surface antigens. of 800 samples tested, 16.5% were positive for hev ig ... | 2015 | 26079666 |
| internet-based recruitment system for hiv and sti screening for men who have sex with men in estonia, 2013: analysis of preliminary outcomes. | the aim of the current project was to develop an internet-based recruitment system for hiv and sexually transmitted infection (sti) screening for men who have sex with men (msm) in estonia in order to collect biological samples during behavioural studies. in 2013, an internet-based hiv risk-behaviour survey was conducted among msm living in estonia. after completing the questionnaire, all participants were offered anonymous and free-of-charge sti testing. they could either order a urine sample k ... | 2015 | 25953131 |
| clinical and molecular analyses of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e and the specific viral genotypes isolated in iwate and three neighboring prefectures in the northern part of honshu, japan, between 2004 and 2013. | to examine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in the northern part of honshu, japan, during the last decade. | 2015 | 25146162 |
| hepatitis a and b among young persons who inject drugs--vaccination, past, and present infection. | our study aims were to assess hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) susceptibility and infection among young persons who inject drugs (pwid) who may have been vaccinated as children and to evaluate self-report of hav and hbv vaccination. | 2015 | 25889161 |
| coinfection of hepatitis e virus and other hepatitis virus in colombia and its genotypic characterization. | hepatitis e virus has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. the four genotypes identified in mammals include the g3 found in indigenous hepatitis in countries and regions with high porcine population, and the g1, associated with maternal deaths. | 2015 | 27622794 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and a virus markers and vaccination indication in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation in spain. | in the absence of immunity, vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for patients with chronic liver disease and those evaluated for liver transplantation (olt) hav and hbv infections after olt which are frequent in this setting, are associated with a worse prognosis. the aim of this study was to estimate the need for vaccination against hbv and hav among cirrhotic patients who were candidates for olt and associations with gender, age, and etiologic ... | 2015 | 22841196 |
| statistical approaches to developing a multiplex immunoassay for determining human exposure to environmental pathogens. | there are numerous pathogens that can be transmitted through water. identifying and understanding the routes and magnitude of exposure or infection to these microbial contaminants are critical to assessing and mitigating risk. conventional approaches of studying immunological responses to exposure or infection such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and other monoplex antibody-based immunoassays can be very costly, laborious, and consume large quantities of patient sample. a major li ... | 2015 | 26070441 |
| genome-wide genetic investigation of serological measures of common infections. | populations and individuals differ in susceptibility to infections because of a number of factors, including host genetic variation. we previously demonstrated that differences in antibody titer, which reflect infection history, are significantly heritable. here we attempt to identify the genetic factors influencing variation in these serological phenotypes. blood samples from >1300 mexican americans were quantified for igg antibody level against 12 common infections, selected on the basis of th ... | 2015 | 25758998 |
| the anti-dhav activities of astragalus polysaccharide and its sulfate compared with those of bsrps and its sulfate. | this paper studied the anti-duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) activities of astragalus polysaccharide (aps) and its sulfate (saps) compared with those of bush sophora root polysaccharide (bsrps) and its sulfate (sbsrps). the antiviral activities of aps and saps were measured by mtt and real-time pcr methods, in vitro. in vivo experiment, the mortality rate and the evaluation indexes of hepatic injury, peroxidative injury and immune level were measured. just like the condition of bsrps and sbsrps, th ... | 2015 | 25498644 |
| the prevalence of duck hepatitis a virus types 1 and 3 on korean duck farms. | this study reports the prevalence of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) types 1 and 3 on korean duck farms. by rt-nested pcr assays specific for dhav-1 or dhav-3, dhav-1 was detected in 9 of 157 liver samples (5.7 %) from 2 of 30 farms (6.7 %), and dhav-3 was positive in 104 of 157 liver samples (66.2 %) from 23 of 30 farms (76.7 %). dual infections with dhav-1 and dhav-3 were detected in 23 of 157 samples (14.6 %) from 5 of 30 farms (16.7 %). the data indicate that dhav-3 infections are prevalent an ... | 2015 | 25359107 |
| [development and evaluation of an inactivated bivalent vaccine against duck viral hepatitis]. | the rapid mutation and widely spread of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) lead to the vast economic loss of the duck industry. to prepare and evaluate bivalent inactivated vaccine laboratory products of dhav, 6 strains were screened from 201 dhav-1 strains and 38 dhav-3 strains by using serotype epidemiological analysis in most of the duck factory. vaccine candidate strains were selected by eld50 and ld50 tests in the 6 strains. continuously passaged, the 5th passaged duck embryos bodies grinding fl ... | 2015 | 26939441 |
| protease 3c of hepatitis a virus induces vacuolization of lysosomal/endosomal organelles and caspase-independent cell death. | 3c proteases, the main proteases of picornaviruses, play the key role in viral life cycle by processing polyproteins. in addition, 3c proteases digest certain host cell proteins to suppress antiviral defense, transcription, and translation. the activity of 3c proteases per se induces host cell death, which makes them critical factors of viral cytotoxicity. to date, cytotoxic effects have been studied for several 3c proteases, all of which induce apoptosis. this study for the first time describes ... | 2015 | 25886889 |
| evaluation of vaccine seroresponse rates and adverse event rates through bayesian and frequentist methods. | in the evaluation of vaccine seroresponse rates and adverse reaction rates, extreme test results often occur, with substantial adverse event rates of 0% and/or seroresponse rates of 100%, which has produced several data challenges. few studies have used both the bayesian and frequentist methods on the same sets of data that contain extreme test cases to evaluate vaccine safety and immunogenicity. in this study, bayesian methods were introduced, and the comparison with frequentist methods was mad ... | 2015 | 25909683 |
| duck hepatitis a virus serotype 1 minigenome: a model for studying the viral 3'utr effect on viral translation. | to date, the genetic replication and translation mechanisms as well as the pathogenesis of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) have not been adequately characterized due to the lack of a reliable and efficient cell culture system. although the full-length infections clone system is the best platform to manipulate the virus, it is relatively difficult to assemble this system due to the lack of a suitable cell line. it has been proven that the minigenome system an efficient reverse genetics sys ... | 2015 | 26578153 |
| identification of a conserved neutralizing linear b-cell epitope in the vp1 proteins of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 and 3. | duck virus hepatitis (dvh), mainly caused by duck hepatitis a virus (dhav), is a severe disease threaten to duck industry and has worldwide distribution. as the major structural protein, the vp1 protein of dhav is able to induce neutralizing antibody in ducks. in this study, a monoclonal antibody (mab) 4f8 against the intact dhav-1 particles was used to identify the possible epitope in the three serotypes of dhav. the mab 4f8 had weak neutralizing activities to both dhav-1 and dhav-3, and reacte ... | 2015 | 26427545 |
| development of an indirect elisa method based on the vp3 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) for dual detection of dhav-1 and dhav-3 antibodies. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) based on the recombinant vp3 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) was developed and evaluated in this study. the optimal antigen, serum and enzyme-labeled antibody dilutions were 1:160 (0.94μg), 1:160 and 1:2000, respectively. the optimal blocking buffer was 1% gelatin. the cutoff value was determined to be 0.332, and the analytical sensitivity was 1:1280 (od450-630=0.37). the results of the specificity evaluation showed that n ... | 2015 | 26341062 |
| molecular evolution and genetic analysis of the major capsid protein vp1 of duck hepatitis a viruses: implications for antigenic stability. | the duck hepatitis a virus (dhav), a member of the family picornaviridae, is the major cause of outbreaks with high mortality rates in young ducklings. it has three distinctive serotypes and among them, serotypes 1 (dhav-1) and 3 (dhav-3) were recognized in china. to investigate evolutionary and antigenic properties of the major capsid protein vp1 of these two serotypes, a primary target of neutralizing antibodies, we determined the vp1 coding sequences of 19 dhav-1 (spanning 2000-2012) and 11 d ... | 2015 | 26173145 |
| effects of bush sophora root polysaccharide and its sulfate on immuno-enhancing of the therapeutic dvh. | bush sophora root polysaccharide (bsrps) and its sulfate, sulfated bush sophora root polysaccharide (sbsrps), possess the antiviral activities against duck hepatitis a virus. however their antiviral mechanisms are still not clear. this paper reported their immuno-enhancing roles in the therapeutic effects for duck virus hepatitis (dvh). the effects of bsrps and sbsrps on stimulating lymphocyte proliferation were investigated by mtt methods. after that, ducklings were challenged with dhav and tre ... | 2015 | 26118485 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterisation of duck hepatitis a virus from different duck breeds in egypt. | duck hepatitis virus (dhv) is an acute highly contagious disease of ducklings caused by three distinct serotypes of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav), a member of the rna family picornaviridae, where serotype 1 is the most widespread serotype worldwide. to date, little if any is known about the prevalence and genetic characterisation of dhav outside asia. the current study describes surveillance on dhv in 46 commercial duck farms in egypt with a history of high mortality in young ducklings from 3 to ... | 2015 | 25862279 |
| identification of a conserved b-cell epitope on duck hepatitis a type 1 virus vp1 protein. | the vp1 protein of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) is a major structural protein that induces neutralizing antibodies in ducks; however, b-cell epitopes on the vp1 protein of duck hepatitis a genotype 1 virus (dhav-1) have not been characterized. | 2015 | 25706372 |
| the detection rate of enteric viruses and clostridium difficile in a waste water treatment plant effluent. | waste water treatment plant (wwtp) is considered as an important source of surface water contamination by enteric pathogens. in this study, we describe the occurrence of enteric viruses (group a rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, hepatitis a virus, and hepatitis e virus) and clostridium difficile in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant during a 1-year period. enteric viruses were simultaneously and efficiently concentrated in a single step using methacrylate monolithic ... | 2015 | 25663146 |
| role of non-hepatotropic viruses in acute sporadic viral hepatitis and acute-on-chronic liver failure in adults. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is mostly caused by hepatitis e (hev) and hepatitis a (hav) viruses in india. this study was undertaken to find out the incidence of various hepatotropic and non-hepatotropic viruses in avh and acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) patients. | 2015 | 26589230 |
| rapid, simple and efficient method for detection of viral genomes on raspberries. | in recent years, foodborne viruses, especially human noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav), have been increasingly reported as the causes of foodborne disease outbreaks. soft red fruits, especially raspberries, have a high incidence among the types of food concerned. due to low infectious doses and low concentrations of enteric viruses in food samples, it is necessary to have an efficient and rapid detection method to implement prevention measures. a standard method for virus detection a ... | 2015 | 26318917 |
| effect of temperature and relative humidity on the survival of foodborne viruses during food storage. | millions of people suffer from foodborne diseases throughout the world every year, and the importance of food safety has grown worldwide in recent years. the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) and viral surrogates of human norovirus (hunov) (bacteriophage ms2 and murine norovirus [mnv]) in food over time. hav, mnv, and ms2 were inoculated onto either the digestive gland of oysters or the surface of fresh peppers, and their survival on these food matrices ... | 2015 | 25576612 |
| inactivation of viruses in platelet and plasma products using a riboflavin-and-uv-based photochemical treatment. | multilayered blood safety programs reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases; however, there remains a risk of window period transmission of screened viruses and transmission of unscreened and emerging viruses from asymptomatic donors. to reduce this risk, a riboflavin-and-uv-light-based pathogen reduction process was evaluated against eight viral agents. | 2015 | 25731607 |
| establishment of hepatitis a detection antibodies set brr batch 3 for antigen content determination by elisa. | the current batch of the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) biological reference reagents (brrs) used for the in vitro potency assay of hepatitis a vaccines (hav) by elisa (enzymelinked immunosorbent assay) was established in 2012 for use in conjunction with ph. eur. general chapter 2.7.14 assay of hepatitis a vaccine. it is composed of a coating reagent and a set of detection antibodies. as stocks of the latter are running low, the european directorate for the quality of medicines & healthcare ( ... | 2015 | 26830169 |
| serological misdiagnosis of acute liver failure associated with echovirus 25 due to immunological similarities to hepatitis a virus and prozone effect. | we describe a case of acute liver failure caused by echovirus 25 (e25) in a previously healthy 2-year-old boy. initial serological studies were consistent with hepatitis a virus (hav), with prozone phenomenon. the similarity of e25 to hav may obscure accurate diagnosis in some cases of hepatitis. | 2015 | 25355762 |
| estimating the burden of foodborne disease, south korea, 2008-2012. | estimating the actual occurrence of foodborne illness is challenging because only a small proportion of foodborne illnesses are confirmed and reported. many studies have attempted to accurately estimate the overall number of cases of foodborne illness, but none have attempted to estimate the burden of foodborne disease in south korea. this study used data from the health insurance review and assessment service (hira), a public health surveillance system in south korea, to calculate the number of ... | 2015 | 25622301 |
| blockade of pd1 and tim3 restores innate and adaptive immunity in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. | susceptibility to bacterial infection is a feature of alcohol-related liver disease. programmed cell death 1 (pd1), the t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (tim3, also known as hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 2), and their respective ligands-cd274 (also known as pd ligand 1 [pdl1]) and galectin-9-are inhibitory receptors that regulate the balance between protective immunity and host immune-mediated damage. however, their sustained hyperexpression promotes immune exhau ... | 2015 | 25479137 |
| antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions. | grape seed extract (gse) has antiviral activities against hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)). the objectives of this study were to determine (1) time and dose-dependence of gse against fcv-f9, mnv-1, and hav at room temperature (rt) and 37 °c over 24 h; and (2) gse effects in model foods (apple juice (aj) and 2% milk) and simulated gastric conditions at 37 °c. viruses at ∼5 log pfu/ml were treated with 0.5-8 mg/ml gse ... | 2015 | 26338111 |
| aqueous extracts of hibiscus sabdariffa calyces decrease hepatitis a virus and human norovirus surrogate titers. | hibiscus sabdariffa extract is known to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial properties. however, their effects against foodborne viruses are currently unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the antiviral effects of aqueous extracts of h. sabdariffa against human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)) and hepatitis a virus (hav) at 37 °c over 24 h. individual viruses (~5 log pfu/ml) were incubated with 40 or 100 mg/ml of aqueo ... | 2015 | 26143492 |
| thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in turkey deli meat. | human noroviruses (hnov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) have been implicated in outbreaks linked to the consumption of presliced ready-to-eat deli meats. the objectives of this research were to determine the thermal inactivation kinetics of hnov surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [mnv-1] and feline calicivirus strain f9 [fcv-f9]) and hav in turkey deli meat, compare first-order and weibull models to describe the data, and calculate arrhenius activation energy values for each model. the d (decimal reduc ... | 2015 | 25956775 |
| evaluation of natural compounds of plant origin for inactivation of enteric viruses. | essential oils (eos) and some of their main compounds have demonstrated extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of zataria multiflora boiss. (zataria) and origanum vulgare (oregano) eos on hepatitis a virus (hav) and the effect of thymol, an active compound of thymus vulgaris and oregano, on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv), and ha ... | 2015 | 25636749 |
| the effect of carvacrol on enteric viruses. | carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol, is said to have extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess its antiviral activity on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), and hepatitis a virus (hav), as well as its potential in food applications. initially, different concentrations of carvacrol (0.25, 0.5, 1%) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log tci ... | 2015 | 25310265 |
| reduction of enteric viruses by blueberry juice and blueberry proanthocyanidins. | blueberry and blueberry extracts are known for their health benefits and antimicrobial properties. natural therapeutic or preventive options to decrease the incidences of foodborne viral illnesses are becoming popular and being researched. this study aimed to determine the antiviral effects of blueberry juice (bj) and blueberry proanthocyanidins (bb-pac, b-type pac structurally different from a-type pac found in cranberries) against the infectivity of hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus ... | 2016 | 27299641 |
| efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against enteric viruses and its activity after incorporation into biodegradable multilayer systems of interest in food packaging. | cinnamaldehyde (cnma), an organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor, was investigated for its virucidal activity on norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). initially, different concentrations of cnma (0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log10 tcid50/ml and incubated 2 h at 4 and 37 °c. cnma was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manne ... | 2016 | 27008344 |
| hepatitis e virus and the safety of plasma products: investigations into the reduction capacity of manufacturing processes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been transmitted by transfusion of labile blood products and the occasional detection of hev rna in plasma pools indicates that hev viremic donations might enter the manufacturing process of plasma products. to verify the safety margins of plasma products with respect to hev, virus reduction steps commonly used in their manufacturing processes were investigated for their effectiveness to reduce hev. | 2016 | 26399175 |
| hepatitis viruses in kidney transplantation. | hepatitis viruses are named for their primary clinical illness, inflammation of the liver. currently, six types of viruses are designated hepatitis viruses (a, b, c, d, e, and g), although only five of these cause hepatitis. hepatitis viruses are composed of rna and dna viruses from different families and with different virologic properties, some of which typically cause acute hepatitis while others cause acute and chronic hepatitis. in addition to their role in liver disease, members of this gr ... | 2016 | 27772623 |
| induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory against influenza a virus by nasal vaccination using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant in young cynomolgus monkeys. | induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory was investigated in 12 young male cynomolgus monkeys after intranasal instillation of flu vaccine using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant constituents. split-product of influenza virus a/california/7/2009(h1n1)pdm hemagglutinin vaccine (hav) at 15 μg with or without sf-10 and the adjuvant alone were instilled intranasally three times every 2 weeks. sf-10-adjuvanted hav (sf-10-hav) elicited signi ... | 2016 | 26954466 |
| occurrence of enteric viruses in reclaimed and surface irrigation water: relationship with microbiological and physicochemical indicators. | to assess the prevalence of enteric viruses in different irrigation water sources and in the irrigated produce, and the possible links with microbiological and physicochemical water characteristics. | 2016 | 27377539 |
| epitope-based recombinant diagnostic antigen to distinguish natural infection from vaccination with hepatitis a virus vaccines. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. however, vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated hav vaccine produces antibodies mainly against structural proteins, whereas no or very limited antibodies are produced against the non-structural proteins. current diagnostic assays to determine exposure to hav, such as the abbott hav ab test, detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and so are not abl ... | 2016 | 26994964 |
| co-infection of the hepatitis c virus with other blood-borne and hepatotropic viruses among hemophilia patients in poland. | the prevalence of hcv infection in people with hemophilia is substantially higher than that in the general population (63% - 98%). multiple transfusions and substitutive therapy have also been linked to a high risk of hbv and hiv transmission. however, the prevalence of other blood-borne viral infections in this population is less well known. | 2016 | 27822257 |
| hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute hepatitis in the netherlands. | recent studies indicate that 27% of dutch blood donors have evidence of past infection with hev. however, the low number of diagnosed hev infections indicates either an asymptomatic course or under diagnosis. | 2016 | 26840767 |
| molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis a viruses (dhav) in vietnam. | the aim of this study was to identify the genetic characteristics and molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) isolated in vietnam during 2009-2013. | 2016 | 27694732 |
| hepatitis virus infections in poultry. | viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis e virus (hev), duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), duck hepatitis a virus (dhav-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (fadv), and turkey hepatitis virus (thv). while these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. in this article, we aim to review the common an ... | 2016 | 27610716 |
| development and evaluation of indirect elisas for the detection of igg, igm and iga1 against duck hepatitis a virus 1. | duck hepatitis a virus 1 (dhav-1) is the principal pathogen that causes duck viral hepatitis (dhv), a highly fatal infectious disease in ducklings. given the importance of the humoral immune response in the clearance of dhav-1, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (i-elisas) to detect immune indices, including igg, igm and iga1, were developed and evaluated in this study. the optimal concentrations of coating-antigen were 1.79μg/ml, 2.23μg/ml and 2.23μg/ml for igg, igm and iga1, respectiv ... | 2016 | 27577105 |
| a one-step duplex rrt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of duck hepatitis a virus genotypes 1 and 3. | duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes significant bleeding lesions in the viscera of ducklings less than 3 weeks old. there are three serotypes of dhav: serotype 1 (dhav-1), serotype 2 (dhav-2) and serotype 3 (dhav-3). these serotypes have no cross-antigenicity with each other. to establish an rrt-pcr assay for the rapid detection of a mixed infection of dhav-1 and dhav-3, two pairs of primers and a pair of matching taqman probes were designed based on conserv ... | 2016 | 27435338 |
| novel picornavirus in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica). | picornaviruses (family picornaviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses with positive sense, single-stranded rna genomes. the numbers of the novel picornavirus species and genera are continuously increasing. picornaviruses infect numerous vertebrate species from fish to mammals, but have not been identified in a member of the lagomorpha order (pikas, hares and rabbits). in this study, a novel picornavirus was identified in 16 (28.6%) out of 56 faecal samples collected from clinically healthy rab ... | 2016 | 26588888 |
| the 2a2 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 induces apoptosis in primary cell culture. | duck hepatitis a virus type 1, (dhav-1) 2a2(pro), is one of the most highly conserved viral proteins within the dhav serotypes. however, its effect on host cells is unclear. we predicted that dhav-1 2a2(pro) was a gtpase-like protein based on the results of multiple sequence alignment and homologous modeling analysis. upon transfection of a recombinant plasmid expressing dhav-1 2a2, cells displayed fragmented nuclei, chromatin condensation, oligonucleosome-sized dna ladder, and positive terminal ... | 2016 | 27314270 |
| transverse myelitis in acute hepatitis a infection: the rare co-occurrence of hepatology and neurology. | transverse myelitis refers to the inflammatory process involving the spinal cord. clinical features can be either acute or subacute onset that results in neurological deficits such as weakness and/or numbness of extremities as well as autonomic dysfunctions. while there are some etiologies related, a viral infection is common. however, the hepatitis a virus rarely causes myelitis. this report provides details of a hepatitis a infectious patient who developed myelitis as comorbidity. although, th ... | 2016 | 27403101 |
| improving virus production through quasispecies genomic selection and molecular breeding. | virus production still is a challenging issue in antigen manufacture, particularly with slow-growing viruses. deep-sequencing of genomic regions indicative of efficient replication may be used to identify high-fitness minority individuals suppressed by the ensemble of mutants in a virus quasispecies. molecular breeding of quasispecies containing colonizer individuals, under regimes allowing more than one replicative cycle, is a strategy to select the fittest competitors among the colonizers. a s ... | 2016 | 27808108 |
| live attenuated vaccine based on duck enteritis virus against duck hepatitis a virus types 1 and 3. | as causative agents of duck viral hepatitis, duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) and type 3 (dhav-3) causes significant economic losses in the duck industry. however, a licensed commercial vaccine that simultaneously controls both pathogens is currently unavailable. here, we generated duck enteritis virus recombinants (rc-kce-2vp1) containing both vp1 from dhav-1 (vp1/dhav-1) and vp1 from dhav-3 (vp1/dhav-3) between ul27 and ul26. a self-cleaving 2a-element of fmdv was inserted between the tw ... | 2016 | 27777571 |
| co-infection of dengue fever and hepatitis a in a russian traveler. | we report a hepatitis a (hav) and dengue virus (denv) co-infection in russian man who had been traveling to dominican republic. at admission to the hospital hemorrhagic and jaundice symptoms were observed in patient. pcr tests of blood serum and urine revealed rna dengue virus type 3, hav rna, anti-hav-igm. | 2016 | 27516967 |
| replication cycle of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 in duck embryonic hepatocytes. | duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) is an important agent of duck viral hepatitis. until recently, the replication cycle of dhav-1 is still unknown. here duck embryonic hepatocytes infected with dhav-1 were collected at different time points, and dynamic changes of the relative dhav-1 gene expression during replication were detected by real-time pcr. and the morphology of hepatocytes infected with dhav was evaluated by electron microscope. the result suggested that the adsorption of dhav-1 sa ... | 2016 | 26874587 |