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co-culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) kidney haematopoietic cells with feeder cells resulting in long-term proliferation of t-cell lineages.to characterise fish haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, it is necessary to develop a culture system that supports proliferation and differentiation of these cells. in the present study, we established cell lines from various tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfii). by using these cell lines, we developed a culture system in which carp haematopoietic cells proliferated and were successively passaged. cell lines from carp thymus (kot), carp fin (kof1) and g ...200919375173
etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male).allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in china. in recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the chongming county of shanghai, china. the disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. it gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as ...200919301639
time-dependent oxidative stress responses of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins.this study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 microg kg(-1) body weight. the results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the c ...200919252760
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from rivers in korea during 2000-2004.concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were analyzed in freshwater fish (crucian carp) taken from 16 locations in nine rivers and a wetland in korea, during 2000-2004. dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were also analyzed in the same samples but over shorter period (2002-2004). concentrations on a wet weight basis for 3 years (2002-2004) ranged from below the detection limit (dl) to 0.36 pg teq g(-1) wet wt. for pcdds, b ...200919246071
molecular cloning and tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase full-length cdna from pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze).a full-length cdna coding lipoprotein lipase (lpl) was cloned from liver of adult pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the cdna obtained was 1877 bp long with a 1524 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 507 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence has a high similarity and shows similar structural features to lpl of other species. the lpl protein has a ...200919236937
swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms.four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ...200920738559
effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides on growth performances and digestive enzyme activities of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (xos) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. xos was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg(-1); diet 2, 100 mg kg(-1); diet 3, 200 mg kg(-1), respectively. twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1-3) and control treated without xos were used. weights o ...200918704733
[new species of myxosporidians in the genus myxobolus (myxosporidia, myxobolidae) from cyprinid fishes of the amur river].five new species are described as follows: m. haematopterus from gills, fins and skin of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. gibelio from connective tissue of gill filaments, fin rays and kidneys of carassius auratus gibelio; myxobolus waleckii from gills of leuciscus waleckii; myxobolus junchisi from gills, muscles, kidneys and spleen of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. alacaudatus of cyprinus and carassius myxobolus divergens carassii from gills, muscles, fins, and cartilaginous tissue of operc ...20092947035
expression of genes involved in gabaergic neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp brain (carassius carassius).the crucian carp, carassius carassius, survives days to months without oxygen, depending on temperature. in the anoxic crucian carp brain, increased gabaergic inhibition, mediated by increased extracellular levels of gaba, has been shown to suppress electric activity and atp consumption. to investigate an involvement of gene expression in this response, we utilized real-time rt-pcr to test the effect of 1 and 7 days anoxia (8 degrees c) on the expression of 22 genes, including nine gaba(a) recep ...200918957573
comparison of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in atrial and ventricular myocytes of three fish species.ryanodine (ry) sensitivity of cardiac contraction differs between teleost species, between atrium and ventricle, and according to the thermal history of the fish. the hypothesis that variability in ry sensitivity of contraction is due to species-specific, chamber-specific, and temperature-related differences in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ca(2+) content, was tested by comparing steady-state (ss) and maximal (max) ca(2+) loads of the sr in three teleost fish, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykis ...200919692664
genetic variation of wild and hatchery populations of the catla indian major carp (catla catla hamilton 1822: cypriniformes, cyprinidae) revealed by rapd markers.genetic variation is a key component for improving a stock through selective breeding programs. randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to assess genetic variation in three wild population of the catla carp (catla catla hamilton 1822) in the halda, jamuna and padma rivers and one hatchery population in bangladesh. five decamer random primers were used to amplify rapd markers from 30 fish from each population. thirty of the 55 scorable bands were polymorphic, indicating some d ...200921637668
localization and dynamics of mel(1a) melatonin receptor in the ovary of carp catla catla in relation to serum melatonin levels.we studied the localization, sub-cellular distribution and daily rhythms of a 37 kda melatonin receptor (mel(1a)r) in the ovary to assess its temporal relationship with the serum melatonin levels in four different reproductive phases in carp catla catla. our immunocytochemical study accompanied by western blot analysis of mel(1a)r in the ovary revealed that the expression of this 37-kda protein was greater in the membrane fraction than in the cytosol. ovarian mel(1a)r protein peaked at midnight ...200919068233
[participation of ca2+ -atpase in calcium homeostasis of cerebellar neurons in crucian carp].in our experiments the participation ofendoplasmic reticulum ca2+ -atpase (serca) was studied as a separate intracellular participant of calcium homeostasis in neurons of cerebellum from hypoxia-tolerant fish species--crucian carassius gibelio. the serca's blockers cyclopiazonic acid and tapsigargin were used. intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) was measured by ca2+ -sensitive dye fura-2am and microfluorescent method for measuring free ca2+ concentration. we established that cerebellar ne ...200919827627
surface ultrastructure of gill arches and gill rakers in relation to feeding of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.the surface ultrastructure of the gill arches and the gill rakers of an herbivorous fish, cirrhinus mrigala was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. these structures show significant adaptive modifications associated with the food and feeding ecology of the fish. closely lying short gill rakers and narrow inter-raker channels on the gill arches are associated to filter and retain food particles. prominent epithelial protuberances on the gill rakers and the gill arches enable the taste b ...200919261316
morphological specializations of the buccal cavity in relation to the food and feeding habit of a carp cirrhinus mrigala: a scanning electron microscopic investigation.the buccal cavity of an herbivorous fish, cirrhinus mrigala, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy to determine its surface ultrastructure. the buccal cavity shows significant adaptive modifications in relation to food and feeding ecology of the fish. the buccal cavity of the fish is of modest size and limited capacity, which is considered an adaptation with respect to the small-sized food items primarily consumed by the fish that could be accommodated in a small space. modification o ...200919123241
a novel male-specific dna sequence in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.in this study, we identified a sex-specific dna marker using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting in yellow river carps (cyprinus carpio from the yellow river). two hundred and twenty random primers were used in pooled dna samples and individual dna samples from male and female fish for rapd fingerprinting. when using the primer s2107, a novel sex-specific pcr product was identified in all male individuals. dna sequencing revealed that this 909 bp long dna fragment has a low ...200919401231
molecular mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses.in the vertebrate retina, rods mediate twilight vision and cones mediate daylight vision. their photoresponse characteristics are different. the light-sensitivity of a cone is 10(2)-10(3) times lower than that of a rod. in addition, the photoresponse time course is much faster in cones. the mechanism characterizing cone photoresponses has not been known mainly because of the difficulty in isolating cones in large quantities to perform biochemistry. recently, we developed a method to purify cones ...200916706600
sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings: biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations.this study measures a whole series of biological endpoints, and histopathological and behavioral changes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings in order to investigate the adverse effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 microg/l cyfluthrin for 48h and one week using the semi-static test system. the most significantly altered findings of this study was that total antioxidant status levels decreased in 48h, chloride levels decreased in one week, and sodium and phosphorous levels increased in ...200919286258
association between immune-associated disorders and adverse outcomes of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.autoimmune disorders (ads) frequently coexist with inflammatory bowel disease. the aim of the study was to determine whether coexisting ad in patients with ileal pouches increases the risk for chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (carp) and other inflammatory conditions of the pouch.200919262522
bioenergetics of fish spermatozoa during semen storage.this mini-review focuses on changes in atp and creatine phosphate concentrations in fish sperm under storage conditions. the storage of catfish sperm at 4 degrees c leads to atp depletion and decreased sperm motility. the rate of intracellular atp depletion can be diminished through the addition of energetic substrates to the sperm storage medium, with lactate + pyruvate being the most efficient substrates for maintaining atp concentrations in catfish sperm. the decrease in atp concentration is ...200919247796
is lipid peroxidation induced by the aqueous suspension of fullerene c60 nanoparticles in the brains of cyprinus carpio?this study aimed to clarify whether fullerene c60 nanoparticles induced lipid peroxidation in cyprinus carpio brains. a stable well-characterized aqueous suspension of c60 nanoparticle (diameter: 50th and 95th percentiles, 36 and 95 nm respectively) with 0.1% tween80 solution was prepared by bead milling. lipid hydroperoxides (lpo) were measured in vitro in homogenized fish brain tissues containing 33 microg/mg-protein dispersed c60 nanoparticles under light and dark conditions to verify the lip ...200919245041
evaluation of the acute toxicity of profenofos and its effects on the behavioral pattern of fingerling common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758).profenofos, an organophosphate insecticide is acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that has the potential to contaminate the ground water. the 96 h lc(50) value of profenofos was determined in 3-month-old fingerling common carp (cyprinus carpio) with a body weight 1.04 +/- 0.25 g and a body length 4.25 +/- 0.75 cm at 26 +/- 1 degrees c temperature. trimmed spearman-karber (tsk) software was used for the statistical analysis, which calculated the lc(50) value as 62.4 microg/l for three replicates of th ...200919242633
distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide: immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult zebrafish (danio rerio).the distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptides (ghrh-lp) in the central nervous system of the zebrafish was investigated by using immunohistochemical techniques with polyclonal antibodies. elisas showed that the antiserum raised against salmon (s)ghrh-lp recognized both zebrafish ghrh-lp1 and -2, whereas the antiserum raised against carp (c)ghrh-lp was more sensitive but detected only zebrafish ghrh-lp1. neither antiserum detected the true ghrh. large cells in the nucleus lat ...200919235874
comparative study of erythrocytes of polyploid hybrids from various fish subfamily crossings.we have undertaken comparative studies of the number and phenotypes of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of red crucian carp (rcc), blunt snout bream (bsb), and their hybrids, including triploids, tetraploids, and pentaploids. the results indicate that the mean nuclear volume of erythrocytes in peripheral blood increases regularly with increasing ploidy. furthermore, many more mature erythrocytes have a dumbbell nucleus in the peripheral blood of polyploid hybrids compared with their diploid ...200919225811
[modulation and function of calcium signaling in retinal horizontal cells.].calcium is one of the most versatile intracellular second messengers, which plays crucial roles in many intracellular signaling pathways. researches on intracellular calcium distribution, regulation and function are important for our understanding of cellular physiology. in this mini-review, the regulation of intracellular calcium signal in retinal horizontal cells and the relevant physiological functions were introduced based on the experiments carried out in our laboratory. intracellular calci ...200919224047
diverse cell-specific expression of myoglobin isoforms in brain, kidney, gill and liver of the hypoxia-tolerant carp and zebrafish.myoglobin (mb) is famous as a muscle-specific protein--yet the common carp expresses the gene (cmb1) encoding this protein in a range of non-muscle tissues and also expresses a novel isoform (cmb2) in the brain. using a homologous antibody and riboprobes, we have established the relative amounts and cellular sites of non-muscle mb expression in different tissues. the amounts of carp myoglobin (cmb) in supernatants of different tissues were just 0.4-0.7% relative to that of heart supernatants and ...200919218513
a global repair operator for capacitated arc routing problem.capacitated arc routing problem (carp) has attracted much attention during the last few years due to its wide applications in real life. since carp is np-hard and exact methods are only applicable for small instances, heuristics and metaheuristic methods are widely adopted when solving carp. this paper demonstrates one major disadvantage encountered by traditional search algorithms and proposes a novel operator named global repair operator (gro) to address it. we further embed gro in a recently ...200919211356
long-term uvb irradiation affects the immune functions of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).the effects of long-term, low-dose ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation on immune functions of two fish species representing different taxonomic groups, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were assessed in this study. the fish were exposed to 7, 20 or 60 mj cm(-2) uvb three times per week, for 6 weeks. in carp, uvb exposure affected the respiratory burst activity of blood and head kidney phagocytes, differential blood leukocyte counts and blood chemistry. phytohemagglutinin ...200919161399
effects of acute exposure to metribuzin on some hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to evaluate acute toxic effects of the preparation sencor 70 wg (metribuzin 70% w/v) on hematological, biochemical indices and histology of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in carp exposed for 96 h to sencor 70 wg in the concentration of 250.2 mg/l, showed significantly lower (p<0.01) values of plasma total proteins, albumins, total globulins, triacylglycerols, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, inorganic phosphate, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean erythrocyt ...200919159050
three-dimensional study on the effect of organophosphate pesticide 'monocrotophos' on lens of fish and its recovery.the present studies are based on the feedback provided by fish farmers practicing composite fish culture of carps. according to them, fish habitats are affected by pesticides draining from agricultural fields into their catchments, especially during the rainy season. the lenses of most of the cultured fish became opaque, resulting in poor overall growth. in the literature, there was mounting evidence of pesticide toxicity involving multiple tissues. however, the fish visual system has never been ...200919392874
screening for coping style increases the power of gene expression studies.individuals of many vertebrate species show different stress coping styles and these have a striking influence on how gene expression shifts in response to a variety of challenges.200919390591
quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of the toxicity of organothiophosphate pesticides to daphnia magna and cyprinus carpio.within the reach regulatory framework in the eu, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) models are expected to help reduce the number of animals used for experimental testing. the objective of this study was to develop qsar models to describe the acute toxicity of organothiophosphate pesticides to aquatic organisms. literature data sets for acute toxicity data of organothiophosphates to fish and one data set from experiments with 15 organothiophosphates on daphniamagna performed in ...200919376559
function of metallothioneins in carp cyprinus carpio from two field sites in western ukraine.the aim of the present study was to elucidate the seasonal and spatial regularity of the properties of metallothioneins (mt) from the liver and gills of carp cyprinus carpio l. in rural (r) and industrial (i) sites in western ukraine. the mt is represented by two chromatographic forms, the features of which exhibit seasonal rather than spatial dependence. the pronounced differences between the sites were due to the lower levels of zn in the liver and the higher levels of zn in mt of carp from si ...200919356800
in vitro hepatic metabolism of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (bde 99) in chinook salmon (onchorhynchus tshawytscha).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are brominated flame retardants that persist in the environment and are present in geographically widespread fish species. pbde concentrations can be particularly high in resident chinook salmon (onchorhynchus tshawytscha) in the puget sound, washington. although pbde residues in salmon and other fish are often dominated by lower brominated congeners, these congeners are not produced commercially in the greatest quantity, suggesting bioaccumulation of the l ...200919346012
identification of two phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (gpx4) genes in common carp.the monomeric selenoprotein, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (gpx4) is an essential member of the antioxidant defense system. this paper describes the identification of two gpx4 genes (gpx4a and gpx4b) from somatic tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio). the two sequences exhibited 78% and 79% identity at the dna and the predicted protein level, respectively. the gpx4a transcript was detected in all examined tissues of unstressed animals, with the highest level in the liver. ...200919345279
identification of a splice variant of the metal-responsive transcription factor mtf-1 in common carp.transactivation of the expression of metallothionein genes involves the metal-responsive transcription factor (mtf-1). we report here the identification of mtf-1.1a, the first known splice variant of mtf-1.1 mrna, in common carp (cyprinus carpio). the lack of a 103 nt internal segment results in a frame shift, causing the early termination of translation. mtf-1.1a mrna encodes a protein consisting of the first 349 amino acids of mtf-1.1 plus an additional 64 amino acids, with no significant simi ...200919345278
purification and partial characterization of vitellogenin from shorthead redhorse (moxostoma macrolepidotum) and copper redhorse (moxostoma hubbsi) and detection in plasma and mucus with a heterologous antibody.vitellogenin (vtg), the egg yolk precursor protein, was purified from plasma of estradiol-3-benzoate (e2b)-treated male shorthead redhorse (moxostoma macrolepidotum) and immature copper redhorse (moxostoma hubbsi) by a two-step chromatographic procedure without precipitation. intact vtgs appeared as dimers with apparent molecular masses, determined by gel filtration, of approximately 425 kda (copper redhorse) and approximately 450 kda (shorthead redhorse). in native polyacrylamide gel electropho ...200919343520
spectacular morphological novelty in a miniature cyprinid fish, danionella dracula n. sp.danionella dracula is a new species of sexually dimorphic, miniature and highly developmentally truncated cyprinid fish. compared with its close relative, the zebrafish danio rerio, it lacks 44 bones or parts thereof and represents one of the most developmentally truncated vertebrates. absence of the majority of bones appears to be due to developmental truncation via terminal deletion. in contrast to these larval-like features, d. dracula also shows several hyperossifications. uniquely, among ca ...200919324738
proteomic changes in the crucian carp brain during exposure to anoxia.during exposure to anoxia, the crucian carp brain is able to maintain normal overall protein synthesis rates. however, it is not known if there are alterations in the synthesis or expression of specific proteins. this investigation addresses this issue by comparing the normoxic and anoxic brain proteome. nine proteins were found to be reduced by anoxia. reductions in the glycolytic pathway proteins creatine kinase, fructose biphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, trioseph ...200919322784
no need to open the jar: a comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging results on fresh and alcohol preserved common carps (cyprinus carpio (l. 1758), cyprinidae, teleostei).magnetic resonance imaging (mri) examinations have been conducted both on fresh and alcohol-preserved common carps (cyprinus carpio). the images have been compared to those of a sagittally-cut frozen animal of the same species. this work shows that the images obtained are globally similar, and that the mri technique can be applied to investigate the gross anatomy of alcohol-preserved specimens without destroying them. unfortunately, this kind of study does not provide precise enough anatomical d ...200919304272
scared fish get lazy, and lazy fish get fat.1. many biological textbooks present predator-induced morphological changes in prey species as an example of an adaptive response, because the morphological change is associated with lower predation risk. here we show that the adaptive morphological response observed in many systems may actually be an indirect effect of decreased activity - which reduces the predation risk - rather than a direct adaptive response. 2. one of the classical examples comes from crucian carp, where the presence of pi ...200919302323
respiratory distress and behavioral changes induced by sodium cyanide in the fresh water teleost, cyprinus carpio (linnaeus).an acute toxicity (lc50) test using a static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the toxicity of sodium cyanide in freshwater exotic carp, cyprinus carpio exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of sodium cyanide. the acute toxicity value was found to be 1 mg/l; one third of the lc50 (0.33 mg/l) was selected as the sublethal concentration for subacute studies. behavioral patterns were observed in lethal (1, 2, 3, and 4 d) and sublethal concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 d). cyp ...200919601395
[mapping qtls related to head length, eye diameter and eye cross of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].a common carp gynogenetic line including 44 individuals derived from the cross barbless carp x hebao-cold tolerance red carp was used to construct a linkage map using 445 markers (265 aflp markers, 127 ssr markers, 37 est-ssr markers and 16 rapd markers). quantitative traits loci (qtls) associated with head length, eye diameter, and eye cross were identified by composite interval mapping of the software winqtlcart2.5. five qtls were identified for head length on the linkage group of lg2, lg3, lg ...200919586846
extraction of genomic dna using a new amino silica monolithic column.a new amino silica monolithic column was developed for dna extraction in a miniaturized format. the monolithic column was prepared in situ by polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (teos) and n-(beta-aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (aeapmdms). dna was loaded in 50 mm tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane-edta buffer at ph 7.0 and eluted with 300 mm potassium phosphate solution at ph 10.0. under optimal condition, a 6.0-cm monolithic column provided a capacity of 56 ng dna with an extr ...200919585530
expression of two metallothionein genes in different brain regions of common carp.the expression pattern of two metallothionein (mt) genes in response to temperature shock and exposure to cd(2+) was investigated in the brain of common carp ( cyprinus carpio ), in whole-animal experiments. the changes in the levels of mt-1 and mt-2 mrna in the olfactory lobe, midbrain and cerebellum were followed by semiquantitative rt-pcr. the inducibility of the two mt genes was brain region and stressor-specific. cd(2+) affected mostly the expression of mt-2, while the level of the mt-1 tra ...200919584024
genetic stability of progeny from an artificial allotetraploid carp using sperm from five fish species.microsatellite markers and d-loop sequences of mtdna from a female allotetraploid parent carp and her progenies of generations 1 and 2 induced by sperm of five distant fish species were analyzed. eleven microsatellite markers were used to identify 48 alleles from the allotetraploid female. the same number of alleles (48) appeared in the first and second generations of the gynogenetic offspring, regardless of the source of the sperm used as an activator. the mtdna d-loop analysis was performed on ...200919565205
high cgmp synthetic activity in carp cones.cones show briefer light responses than rods and do not saturate even under very bright light. using purified rod and cone homogenates, we measured the activity of guanylate cyclase (gc), an enzyme responsible for cgmp synthesis and therefore recovery of a light response. the basal gc activity was 36 times higher in cones than in rods: it was mainly caused by higher expression levels of gc in cones (gc-c) than in rods (gc-r). with identification and quantification of gc-activating protein (gcap) ...200919556550
molecular characterization of complement factor i reveals constitutive expression in channel catfish.the complement system in vertebrates plays a crucial role in immune defense via recognition and removal of pathogens. complement is tightly regulated by a group of both soluble and cell-associated proteins. complement factor i is a soluble serine protease that regulates multiple pathways in complement activation. in this work, a complement factor i transcript was isolated and sequenced from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) liver after screening expressed sequence tags. the full-length cdna ...200919540919
identification and evaluation of a novel heterocyclic brominated flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate in environmental matrices near a manufacturing plant in southern china.a brominated flame retardant (bfr), hexabrominated heterocyclic tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (tbc), was identified,forthe first time, in the natural environment.the chemical was found in river water (2.33-163 ng/l), surface sediments (85.0 ng/g-6.03 microg/g dry weight (dw)), soils (19.6-672 ng/g dw), earthworm (9.75-78.8 ng/g dw), and carp samples (12.0-646 ng/g dw) from a factory-polluted area in southern china. it was found that tbc can strongly adsorb to organic material in sediment ...200919534117
common carp (cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (igfbp-2): molecular cloning, expression profiles, and hormonal regulation in hepatocytes.in the present study, we cloned igfbp-2 cdna from common carp (cyprinus carpio) liver. the 1879 bp full-length cdna encodes 274 amino acid residues containing a putative signal peptide of 22 residues. two igfbp-2 transcripts with estimated sizes of 2.2 and 1.5 kb have been detected with northern blot analysis in liver. relatively high levels of igfbp-2 mrna were observed in all regions of brain, liver, pituitary, ovary and testis. intermediate levels were observed in white muscle, thymus gland a ...200919523372
embolic implications of combined risk factors in patients with patent foramen ovale (the carpe criteria): consideration for primary prevention closure?large patent foramen ovale (pfo), spontaneous right-to-left shunt, large atrial septal aneurysm (asa), coagulation abnormalities, and prominent eustachian valve (ev) have all been independently suggested as risk factors for recurrent stroke. we sought to retrospectively evaluate risk of stroke and impact of transcatheter pfo closure in patients with concurrent large pfo, spontaneous right-to-left shunt, large asa, coagulation abnormalities, and prominent ev.200919515082
effects of food type on diel behaviours of common carp cyprinus carpio in simulated aquaculture pond conditions.in order to better understand behaviour patterns of common carp cyprinus carpio in aquaculture ponds, their diel grazing, swimming, resting and schooling behaviours were observed in six 1 m(2) tanks under simulated pond conditions. each tank was fertilized to stimulate natural food production before starting experiments, and then stocked with three c. carpio. fish behaviours were compared among three treatments: (1) tanks with plankton only, (2) tanks with plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates ...200920735552
transcript levels of five enzymes involved in cortisol synthesis and regulation during the stress response in common carp: relationship with cortisol.in this study the expression of five genes involved in cortisol synthesis and regulation in the head kidneys of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been investigated in response to 3h net confinement stress, followed by 22h recovery. cortisol, glucose, lactate and free fatty acid levels were measured in blood plasma. star, p450c17a2, 3betahsd, p450c21 and 11betahsd2 transcript sequences were identified based on cyprinidae homologs and quantified by real-time pcr. results showed that the plasma ...200919463824
function of the opioid system during inflammation in carp.the opioid system is involved in modulation of both innate and acquired immune responses, thus altering resistance to a variety of infectious agents. we sequenced and characterized carp opioid receptors (mor, dor, and kor) and found their regulated expression in piscine leukocytes. moreover, both in vivo and in vitro opioids affect activity of leukocytes and expression of inflammatory molecules, especially chemokines and chemokine receptors. our data indicate an evolutionary conserved role for t ...200919456406
progestogens cause immunosuppression of stimulated carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leukocytes in vitro.the involvement of steroid hormones in direct and indirect regulation and modulation of immune responses is well recognized in mammals. here, we demonstrate that progestogens are capable of influencing the innate immunity in fish as well. therefore, we confirmed the known immunosuppressive effects of natural progesterone (p4), and compared them to influences of 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy progesterone (dhp4) and the synthetic progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa) and levonorgestrel (lev), o ...200919444990
in vitro biotransformation of surfactants in fish. part ii--alcohol ethoxylate (c16eo8) and alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (c14eo2s) to estimate bioconcentration potential.recent regulatory pressures (e.g., reach, cepa) requiring bioaccumulation assessments and the need for reduced animal use have increased the necessity for the development of in vitro-based methods to estimate bioaccumulation. our study explored the potential use of subcellular and cellular hepatic systems to determine the biotransformation potential of two surfactants: octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (c16eo8) and diethylene glycol monotetradecyl ether sulfate (c14eo2s). the subcellular s ...200919433333
characterisation of a carp cell line for analysis of apoptosis.teleost fish in general, and common carp in particular, are excellent genetic models for bridging the gap in knowledge between invertebrate models such as c. elegans and d. melanogaster, on one hand, and higher vertebrates on the other hand, although, until now, there have been few well characterised fish cell lines shown to be suitable for studies on apoptosis. the present study describes the suitability of a permanent, nonleukemic, nonvirally infected carp cell line for apoptotic studies. a tr ...200919428480
spatially explicit modeling of habitat dynamics and fish population persistence in an intermittent lowland stream.in temperate and arid climate zones many streams and rivers flow intermittently, seasonally contracting to a sequence of isolated pools or waterholes over the dry period, before reconnecting in the wetter parts of the year. this seasonal drying process is central to our understanding of the population dynamics of aquatic organisms such as fish and invertebrates in these systems. however, there is a dearth of empirical data on the temporal dynamics of such populations. we describe a spatially exp ...200919425435
molecular connectivity indices for predicting bioactivities of substituted nitrobenzene and aniline compounds.bioconcentration and toxicity of 22 substituted nitrobenzene and aniline compounds to aquatic organisms were assessed with quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar). acute toxicities of aquatic organisms, including daphnia (daphnia pulex) and carp (cyprinus carpio), to 22 chemicals have been determined in our previous work. in this study, the bioconcentration factors (bcfs) for carp were further investigated. by the use of multiple-regression analyses, the molecular connectivity indice ...200919423164
toxic effects of cobalt chloride on hematological factors of common carp (cyprinus carpio).in this study, we investigate the toxic effects of cobalt chloride on some hematological factors of the carp cyprinus carpio, such as white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. at first, lc50 of cobalt in c. carpio was measured during 96 h after exposure. also, physicochemical parameters of water including ph, dissolved oxygen, viscosity, temperature, and conductivity w ...200919415186
the regeneration of the tail fin actinotrichia of carp (cyprinus carpio, linnaeus, 1758) under the action of naproxen.a conglomerate of small, rigid, fusiform spicules known as actinotrichia sustains the edge of tail fins of teleost. after amputation, these structures show an extremely fast regenerative capacity. in this study we observed the effect of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, used in the treatment of degenerative articular diseases, during the process of actinotrichia regeneration. for this purpose, regenerating tissue from animals in contact with the drug was submitted to histochemical ...200919967189
expralign--the identification of ests in non-model species by alignment of cdna microarray expression profiles.sequence identification of ests from non-model species offers distinct challenges particularly when these species have duplicated genomes and when they are phylogenetically distant from sequenced model organisms. for the common carp, an environmental model of aquacultural interest, large numbers of ests remained unidentified using blast sequence alignment. we have used the expression profiles from large-scale microarray experiments to suggest gene identities.200919939286
[application of matrix solid-phase dispersion for the determination of phoxim in crucian carp samples by high performance liquid chromatography].an analytical method was developed for the determination of phoxim residue in the muscle of crucian carp, which involved matrix solid-phase dispersion (mspd) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with diode array detector. under optimal conditions, 0.5 g tissue sample was dispersed with 1.5 g florisil and 0.5 g anhydrous sodium sulphate, transferred to a cartridge. the cartridge was eluted with 25 ml acetone-hexane (40:60, v/v). the phoxim was separated on an ods column (250 ...200919938507
the interference of nitro- and polycyclic musks with endogenous and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in carp: an in vitro study.synthetic musks are widely used as perfuming agents in products, such as cosmetics, detergents, and soaps. the increased detection of these substances in the aquatic environment and their high bioconcentration potential raises concerns about potential effects on aquatic species. this work aimed at assessing the interactions of the most widely used musks: nitromusks (musk xylene, musk ketone) and polycyclic musks (celestolide, galaxolide, and tonalide) with fish enzymatic systems involved in both ...200919928757
[raman and ftir characteristics of otolith of ornamental carp].otolith is a typical natural biomineral as functional deposit existing in teleost's ears, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate and organic matter. there is a pair of lapillus, sagitta and asteriscus in fish's inner ear, respectively. the authors compare the asteriscus and lapillus in cultured ornamental carp using ftir and raman. the result shows that the mineral phase in lapillus is aragonite, while the mineral phase in asteriscus is vaterite. the pure aragonite and vaterite existing r ...200920038039
distractor modality can turn semantic interference into semantic facilitation in the picture-word interference task: implications for theories of lexical access in speech production.a number of recent studies have questioned the idea that lexical selection during speech production is a competitive process. one type of evidence against selection by competition is the observation that in the picture-word interference task semantically related distractors may facilitate the naming of a picture, whereas the selection by competition account predicts them to interfere. in the experiments reported in this article, the authors systematically varied, for a given type of semantic rel ...200919857015
evolution: mirror, mirror in the pond.identification of mutations in an fgf receptor gene underlying scale loss in a zebrafish mutant, as well as the domesticated mirror carp breed, emphasises the role of genetic redundancy as a facilitator of evolutionary change and has implications for the molecular basis of morphological evolution.200919825353
comparison of tea and sesame seed oils as two natural antioxidants in a fish oil model system by radical scavenging activity.tea and sesame seed oils, two natural antioxidants at 5% and 10% levels, were added to carp (cyprinus caprio) and common kilka (clupeonella cultiventris caspia) oils, and the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid were evaluated after 13 days at 60 degrees c (oven test). the results showed that the antioxidant effects of tea and sesame seed oils in the two aforementioned fish oils were statistically similar. in addition, the radical scavenging activity (rsa) of tea and sesame seed oils (extracte ...200919817636
optimization of gelatin extraction from silver carp skin.fish skins are a by-product of the fish processing industry that can be successfully processed into gelatin. this study was designed to optimize the extraction process to obtain the highest yield, gel strength, and viscosity for gelatin production from silver carp skin. a fractional factorial design (2 levels, resolution iii, 2(9-5)) was chosen to screen 9 parameters to determine the most significant ones. those found to be significant were optimized to determine the maximum value for 3 dependen ...200919799664
biological characteristics of an improved triploid crucian carp.an improved triploid crucian carp (itcc) was produced by crossing improved tetraploids (g1xat, male symbol) with improved red crucian carp (ircc, female symbol), which were obtained by distant crossing and gynogenesis. the biological characteristics of itcc, including the number and karyotype of chromosomes, gonadad and pituitary structures, phenotype, and growth rate are reported. itcc possessed 150 chromosomes with the karyotype 33m+51sm+33st+33t. in the breeding season, both ovary-like and te ...200919727591
freeze-thawing as the factor of spontaneous activation of spermatozoa motility in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).in the present study, we investigated the possibility of spontaneous carp spermatozoa activation by freeze-thawing. to evaluate this, the parameters of spermatozoa motility percentage, velocity, atp content level and fertility rate of sperm were used. the motility and velocity of spermatozoa activated by freeze-thawing were characterized by motile spermatozoa with a median value of 16% and a velocity of 98 microm/s. in addition, the motility and velocity of sperm from the thawed samples were sig ...200919723519
effect of edta, hcl, and citric acid on ca salt removal from asian (silver) carp scales prior to gelatin extraction.pretreatments with different chemicals at different concentrations to remove ca compounds were studied to determine their effects on gelatin extraction from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) scales. during ca removal with hcl, citric acid, and edta, all 3 chemicals were able to decalcify (>90%) scales; however, protein losses with edta were lower than with hcl and citric acid (p < 0.05), and protein losses with citric acid were lower than with hcl (p < 0.05). ca removal with hcl yielded ...200919723178
suppression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter current by activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors on retinal horizontal cells.in the present study, the modulatory effect of ampa receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) transporter current was investigated on enzymatically isolated horizontal cells of carp retina. the gaba transporter current elicited by 1 mmol/l gaba was decreased immediately after pre-application of ampa (30 mumol/l or 3 mmol/l) for 50 s. application of 10 mmol/l bapta in intracellular solution inhibited the suppression effect of ampa on gaba transporter current. the suppression effect induced by c ...200919701580
molecular evidence for the existence of two distinct il-8 lineages of teleost cxc-chemokines.interleukin-8 (il-8) is a cxc-type chemokine with a chemotactic activity mainly on neutrophils and plays a key role in promoting inflammation. in teleosts, several cxc-chemokines have been cloned and characterized as being il-8-like. phylogenetic data however indicate that the reported teleost il-8-like chemokines are substantially remote from mammalian il-8, forming a fish-specific clade of il-8-like chemokines distinct from that of tetrapod il-8. in the present study, a novel il-8-like chemoki ...200919699802
differential expression of gnrh2, gthbeta, and gthr genes in sterile triploids and fertile tetraploids.gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), gonadotropin hormone (gth), and gonadotropin hormone receptor (gthr) are the pivotal signal molecules of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (hpg) axis, which plays a crucial role in regulating gonadal development in vertebrate. in this study, we comparatively analyze the expression characteristics of gnrh2, gthbeta, and gthr in red crucian carp diploids, triploids, and allotetraploids. the expression patterns of these genes are similar in the three fish ploid ...200919697065
evaluation of a carp primary hepatocyte culture system for screening chemicals for oestrogenic activity.the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in the environment has driven the development of screening and testing assays to both identify chemicals with hormonal activity and evaluate their potential to cause adverse effects. as the number of animals used for research and regulatory purposes rises, and set against a desire to reduce animal testing, there is increased emphasis on the development and application of in vitro techniques to evaluate chemical risks to the environment. induc ...200919695720
[the growth promoting activity of two different kinds of reconstructed terminators in transgenic common carp].the transgenic promoter directly affects the activity of transgenic gene. choice of terminator has been proved to affect the activity of transgenic gene. since the relevant theoretical research is rare, using the terminator of transgenic gene or the promoter gene to construct the transgenic vector has not come to the conclusion. in order to construct a better transgenic vector to nurture "all fish" growth hormone transgenic fish which has a rapid growth character, two different transgenic vector ...200919689944
the alarm reaction in fishes--odorants, modulations of responses, neural pathways.in 1938, von frisch discovered the alarm reaction ("schreck reaktion") in fishes. he found that substances stored in the skin are released upon injury and detected by the olfactory organ. several agonists that induce alarm reactions have been identified since then, but the true nature of the alarm substances remains veiled. behavioral experiments have demonstrated that skin extract of conspecifics is more potent than that of heterospecifics. during development, the alarm reaction is seen in the ...200919686169
respiratory performance and behavioral responses of the freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio (linnaeus) under sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure.a short-term definitive test by static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (lc50) of an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos on the fish, cyprinus carpio. carp fingerlings were exposed to different concentrations (0.120 to 0.200 mg/l) of chlorpyrifos for 96 h. the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos was found to be 0.160 m g/l. one-seventh (1/7th, 0.0224 mg/l) and one-fourteenth (1/14th, 0.0112 mg/l) of the acute toxicity value were selected as sublethal concent ...200919662716
[the cholinergic non-excitability phenomenon in the atrial myocardium of lower vertebrates].changes of electric activity induced by acetylcholine were studied in atrial myocardium of fishes (cod and carp) and reptilians (lizard and grass-snake). standart microelectrode technique and novel method of optical mapping were used in the study. acetylcholine (1-50 microm) provoked decrease of the action potential amplitude down to full inhibition of electrical activity in wide regions of atrium of cod and carp. we define this phenomenon as cholinergic inexcitability. in other regions excitati ...200919639881
effects of different inorganic arsenic species in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) tissues after short-time exposure: bioaccumulation, biotransformation and biological responses.differences in the toxicological and metabolic pathway of inorganic arsenic compounds are largely unknown for aquatic species. in the present study the effects of short-time and acute exposure to as(iii) and as(v) were investigated in gills and liver of the common carp, cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae), measuring accumulation and chemical speciation of arsenic, and the activity of glutathione-s-transferase omega (gst omega), the rate limiting enzyme in biotransformation of inorganic arsenic. oxidati ...200919632019
[reparation of weak cation exchange packing based on macroporous monodisperse hydrophilic resins and their application for the separation and purification of protamine].a new kind of weak cation exchange (wcx) stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was synthesized by the chemical modification of 5.0 microm macroporous monodisperse hydrophilic poly (glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) (p(gma/edma)) beads. the stationary phase was evaluated in detail to determine its separability, hydrophilicity, reproducibility and stability. it was found that the column exhibited excellent properties on the protein separation, reproducibi ...200919626847
development and characterization of microsatellite markers to study population genetic diversity of przewalski's naked carp gymnocypris przewalskii in china.two populations of przewalski's naked carp gymnocypris przewalskii, 30 individuals per population, were screened for 10 microsatellite loci. moderate allele variation was found in these loci with two to eight alleles per locus. the expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.019 to 0.805 and from 0.160 to 0.575, respectively.200920738692
elevated ability to compete for limited food resources by 'all-fish' growth hormone transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio.food consumption, number of movements and feeding hierarchy of juvenile transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio and their size-matched non-transgenic conspecifics were measured under conditions of limited food supply. transgenic fish exhibited 73.3% more movements as well as a higher feeding order, and consumed 1.86 times as many food pellets as their non-transgenic counterparts. after the 10 day experiment, transgenic c. carpio had still not realized their higher growth potential, which may be p ...200920738625
population subdivision in siamese mud carp henicorhynchus siamensis in the mekong river basin: implications for management.a molecular approach was employed to investigate stock structure in siamese mud carp henicorhynchus siamensis populations collected from 14 sites across mainland south-east asia, with the major focus being the lower mekong river basin. spatial analysis of a mitochondrial dna fragment (atpase 6 and 8) identified four stocks in the mekong river basin that were all significantly differentiated from a population in the nearby khlong river, thailand. in the mekong river basin, populations in northern ...200920738620
behavioural and morphological differences between feral and domesticated strains of common carp cyprinus carpio.morphological and behavioural traits of a feral strain of the common carp cyprinus carpio from lake biwa in japan were compared with those of two domesticated strains reared in japan (one commercial strain and one ornamental koi). to compare genetically inherited traits, all fish were reared from eggs under similar environmental conditions. using these fish, the following five traits were compared among the three strains: body shape, consumption rate of two types of free-swimming shrimp, medaka ...200920738609
a one-year investigation of the relationship between serum gh levels and the growth of f(4) transgenic and non-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio.it has been demonstrated that growth hormone (gh) transgenic fish often posses a trait for fast growth. here, we investigated the growth of f(4)'all-fish' gh transgenic carp cyprinus carpio and their serum gh levels for a year. the results showed that f(4) all-fish gh transgenic carp were significantly larger in body mass (c. two-fold, p < 0.001) and body length (c. 1.3 fold, p < 0.001), compared with the non-transgenic group. the discrepancy of serum gh levels between the transgenic carp group ...200920738600
the role of free amino acids in semen of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and carp cyprinus carpio.the present study investigated (1) the free amino acid (faa) composition in semen of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and carp cyprinus carpio, (2) enzyme systems involved in amino acid metabolism and (3) the effect of amino acids on sperm viability under in vitro storage conditions. in the seminal plasma of o. mykiss, the main faas were arginine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, methionine and proline, in spermatozoa cysteine, arginine and methionine. in the seminal plasma of c. carpio, the ...200920738581
population genetics and management units of invasive common carp cyprinus carpio in the murray-darling basin, australia.common carp cyprinus carpio were introduced into australia on several occasions and are now the dominant fish in the murray-darling basin (mdb), the continent's largest river system. in this study, variability at 14 microsatellite loci was examined in c. carpio (n = 1037) from 34 sites throughout the major rivers in the mdb, from 3 cultured populations, from prospect reservoir in the sydney basin and from lake sorrell in tasmania. consistent with previous studies, assignment testing indicated th ...200920738540
histophysiological responses in ovary and liver of cyprinus carpio after short term exposure to safe concentration of mercuric chloride and recovery pattern.effect of short term (7 days) exposure to safe concentration of hgcl2 (0.5 ppm) and changes 7 days after withdrawl of the treatment on his ophysiologyof ovary and liver in yearlings of cyprinus carpio were assessed during active phase of reproductive cycle. noticeable degenerative histophysiological changes were observed in both ovary and liver after exposure which were more prominent in the group with abnormal behaviour. after withdrawl of the hgcl2 treatment the recovery was apparent in both o ...200920120466
we were fishing for trout and we caught a carp: musings on perioperative management in an age of enlightenment. 200920031815
effects of subchronic exposure to successor 600 (pethoxamid 600 g l-1) on common carp cyprinus carpio.we investigated the effects of the herbicide preparation successor 600 on biochemical and haematological indices and the histolopathological parameters of common carp after 28 day exposure. furthermore, the hepatosomatic index and induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and biomarkers were assessed.200920027176
the effect of copper, zinc, mercury and cadmium on some sperm enzyme activities in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the objective of the study was to determine the effect of copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury ions (100, 10 and 1 mg/l) on the activity of some enzymes of carp spermatozoa. acid phosphatase activity was proved to be relatively insensitive to zinc ions, while copper, mercury and cadmium ions effectively inhibited the activity of this enzyme. beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase activity was sensitive only to mercury ions. lactic dehydrogenase activity remained unaffected by heavy metals. our results showed ...200919997481
contrasting impacts of invasive engineers on freshwater ecosystems: an experiment and meta-analysis.invasion by common carp (cyprinus carpio) and red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii) in shallow lakes have been followed by stable-state changes from a macrophyte-dominated clear water state to a phytoplankton-dominated turbid water state. both invasive carp and crayfish are, therefore, possible drivers for catastrophic regime shifts. despite these two species having been introduced into ecosystems world-wide, their relative significance on regime shifts remains largely unexplored. we compared ...200918941787
physiological and biochemical investigations on egg stickiness in common carp.the properties and behaviour of common carp, cyprinus carpio, eggs in water and in ovarian fluids were studied at different temperature, ph, and with divalent cation concentrations. the biochemical composition of zona radiata externa (zre) was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively on amino acids, carbohydrates, uronic acid and sialic acids using chemical assays; on proteins using electrophoresis. comparative biochemical studies were performed on the chub, leuciscus cephalus, the vimba, vimba ...200918938050
central and peripheral integration of interrenal and thyroid axes signals in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).in teleostean fishes the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (hpt axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (hpi axis) regulate the release of thyroid hormones (ths) and cortisol respectively. since many actions of both hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, communication between both signal pathways can be anticipated. in this study, we describe central and peripheral sites for direct interaction between mediators of both neuroendocrine axes in the common car ...200918931024
cloning of opioid receptors in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and their involvement in regulation of stress and immune response.in mammals opiate alkaloids and endogenous opioid peptides exert their physiological and pharmacological actions through opioid receptors (mor, dor and kor) expressed not only on neuroendocrine cells but also on leukocytes. therefore, opioids can modulate the immune response. we cloned and sequenced all three classical opioid receptors (mor, dor and kor) in common carp, and studied changes in their expression during stress and immune responses. messenger rna of opioid receptors was constitutivel ...200918977430
influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on speciation and bioavailability of arsenite.in this study, the influence of the co-existence of tio(2) nanoparticles on the speciation of arsenite [as(iii)] was studied by observing its adsorption and valence changing. moreover, the influence of tio(2) nanoparticles on the bioavailability of as(iii) was examined by bioaccumulation test using carp (cyprinus carpio). the results showed that tio(2) nanoparticles have a significant adsorption capacity for as (iii). equilibrium was established within 30 min, with about 30% of the initial as (i ...200918976844
vitellogenin induction by a mixture of steroidal estrogens in freshwater fishes and relevant risk assessment.the study method on combined effects of environmental contaminant mixture and ecological risk assessment was discussed. batch tests were conducted to assess the in vivo potency of binary mixtures of estrogens using plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male crucian carp as the endpoint. the estrogenic potencies of 17beta-estradiol (e(2)) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (ee(2)) were determined following 14 day exposure to the individual chemicals and equipotent binary mixtures. a nonlinear regressio ...200919016308
the effect of praziquantel applied per os on selected haematological and biochemical indices in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to assess the effects of the anthelminthic, praziquantel, on the haematological and biochemical indices of the blood of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). fish were divided into six groups: two groups received 30 mg kg(-1) body weight (bw) of praziquantel, and two groups were given 50 mg kg(-1) bw of praziquantel mixed into the heat-treated amyloid vehicle. fish in the remaining two groups were given only the amyloid vehicle and were used as controls. fish were examined e ...200919031105
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