Publications

ultrastructure of the surface film of bacterial colonies.	the structure of the surface of colonies of various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was examined by transmission electron microscopy. the results indicate that bacterial colonies in the course of their development produce a film which becomes thicker with increased duration of growth. the basic part of the film is an elementary membrane, which is a stable structure with a large surface area. the inner and outer surfaces of the film membrane are covered by amorphous layers. these layers ...	1993	8515240
molecular studies of plasmids of multiply-resistant shigella spp. in hong kong.	one hundred and two shigella spp. isolated in two hospitals in hong kong were analysed for antibiotic resistances, resistance plasmids and plasmid profiles. three quarters of the isolates were s. flexneri. all isolates harboured plasmids, up to a maximum of ten within one strain. plasmids of 220 kb encoding resistances to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulphonamide and probably also associated with invasiveness in the sereny test were found in 80 strains and were transferable in 18% of cases. ...	1993	8519309
characterization of a plasmid codifying the synthesis of a beta-lactamase produced by shigella flexneri.	the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics shown by a strain of shigella flexneri was plasmid-coded. this plasmid, pmam-1, when transferred to escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation, presented the same molecular weight (100 kbp) and conferred the same high level of resistance to ampicillin in the transconjugant as in the wild type strains (mic, 2048-4096). restriction analysis of the plasmid in transconjugants revealed various restrictive sites to some endonucleases (i.e. bam hi, eco ri, pst i, nco ...	1993	8302197
effect of five irreversible inhibitors on beta-lactamase from shigella flexneri ucsf-129.	the effect of five irreversible inhibitors on purified enzyme from shigella flexneri uscf-129 and also in vitro, was investigated. the i50 was 0.091, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.87 microgram/ml for 6 beta-iodopenicillanic, clavulanic, olivanic and 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acids, respectively, and 255 micrograms/ml for sulbactam. the synergic responses of these inhibitors (10 micrograms/ml) were studied with ampicillin and cephradin on s. flexneri. the mic of ampicillin was reduced by 128 times using 6 beta ...	1993	8302198
[the microbiological aspects of using enterosorbents in acute intestinal infections].	we observed 60 patients with acute flexner's dysentery and salmonellosis. complex treatment included enterosorbents; enterosgel, activated carbon and polyfepan. the results showed that co-administration of enterosgel as compared to that of activated carbon and polyfepan resulted in more vigorous elimination of pathogens. in patients with acute dysentery enterosgel when used at the background of nitroflurane therapy potentiated the latter. enterosorbents improved also body resistance in enteric i ...	1993	8079486
[the seasonality of flexner dysentery among preschoolers].		1993	8079549
[the role of the water factor of transmission in the spread of viral hepatitis a and dysentery under the conditions in an industrial city].		1993	8079557
[l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections].		1993	8079561
[an analysis of infectious morbidity on the province level of the epidemiological health service (exemplified by shigellosis)].		1993	8079564
[various approaches to treatment of dysentery in children].	the clinical process, etiological pattern and results of antibacterial therapy of dysentery in 1105 children were analyzed by hospital records for the last 25 years. significant changes in the etiology of dysentery were revealed. in the 1960s shigella flexneri prevailed (56.3 per cent) and in the 1970-1990s shigella sonnei prevailed (69.9 to 74.6 per cent) whereas the percentage of newcastle dysentery was low and stable (1.5 to 8.7 per cent). simultaneously, there were changes in antibiotic sens ...	1993	8031196
dot-elisa for seroepidemiological study of exposure to shigella flexneri.	a seroepidemiological study for determining serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of shigella flexneri using dot--elisa was carried out in krabi province, thailand, from january 1989 to december 1990. from 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and from venous blood of the healthy persons aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 56% and 22%, respectively, were found to be positive for specific igg and igm antibodies to s. flexneri lps. the igg prevalence was initially detected at 3-4 yea ...	1993	8080607
shigella flexneri transformants expressing type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae bind to, activate, and are killed by phagocytic cells.	shigella flexneri m90t (invasive) and bs176 (noninvasive) are typical nonfimbriated organisms that do not bind to or activate phagocytic cells. we demonstrate that s. flexneri m90tp and bs176p, obtained by transformation of the strains named above with the cluster of genes encoding type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae of escherichia coli, express the functional fimbriae, as shown by electron microscopy, by binding of antifimbria antibodies and by yeast cell aggregation. the transformants, but not ...	1993	8097492
blind, deaf and mute after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis--a case report with a four-year follow-up.	a nearly four-year-old boy awoke blind, deaf and mute from a coma of five days duration after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis. the authors give a detailed report of the recovery. visual and auditory functions recovered within six months after the onset but expressive language difficulties remained. following a discussion of the underlying mechanisms producing the cerebral damage, the hypothesis of a type of "disconnection syndrome" is put forward to explain the persi ...	1993	8133983
[neonatal shigellosis].	neonatal shigellosis is rare and is usually encountered in unsanitary countries. it is occasionally responsible for manifestations of bacteremia such as septic shock and rash.	1993	8135614
[molecular and cellular mechanisms of invasion of the intestinal barrier by shigella flexneri].		1993	8159469
molecular mechanisms of cell and tissue invasion by shigella flexneri.		1993	8173793
unipolar localization and atpase activity of icsa, a shigella flexneri protein involved in intracellular movement.		1993	8173795
the ipab gene of shigella flexneri and macrophage-programmed cell death.		1993	8173796
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and endotoxin induced uveitis.	suprofen eye drop was instilled into one eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then anterior uveitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin of shigella flexneri serotype 1a to evaluate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on endotoxin induced uveitis. the pupillary diameters were measured, and aqueous cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first 24 hours and then every 24 hours for a week. a differenc ...	1993	8189632
differential scanning calorimetry investigations on lps and free lipids a of the bacterial cell wall.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was used to investigate the thermal stability and behaviour of the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and their lipid portion. dsc curves of lps show thermal features between 200 and 129 degrees c (depolymerization) and between -13 and -36 degrees c (cooling phase transition). both effects were related to the relative strength of the linkage types in the o-chain structure and to their capacity for intermolecular hydro ...	1993	8190999
[vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections].	development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ...	1993	8193944
microinjection of hep-2 cells with coxsackie b1 virus rna enhances invasiveness of shigella flexneri only after prestimulation with uv-inactivated virus.	coxsackie b1 virus induces increased susceptibility to invasion by shigella flexneri when hep-2 cells are inoculated with the complete virus. when rna from the same virus was microinjected into cells, virus rna was synthesized and new virus particles were formed, but the transfected rna had no effect on bacterial invasiveness. however, when the cells were prestimulated with uv-inactivated virus, the microinjected rna induced an additional enhancement of bacterial invasiveness. microinjected whol ...	1993	8217113
shigella subversion of the cellular cytoskeleton: a strategy for epithelial colonization.		1993	8225568
the regulatory vira protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens does not function at elevated temperatures.	previous studies have shown that agrobacterium tumefaciens causes tumors on plants only at temperatures below 32 degrees c, and virulence gene expression is specifically inhibited at temperatures above 32 degrees c. we show here that this effect persists even when the vira and virg loci are expressed under the control of a lac promoter whose activity is temperature independent. this finding suggests that one or more steps in the signal transduction process mediated by the vira and virg proteins ...	1993	8226624
a reversible case of klüver-bucy syndrome in association with shigellosis.	the klüver-bucy syndrome is characterized by psychic blindness or visual agnosia, blunted affect, hypermetamorphosis, hyperorality, bulimia, and sexual behavioral alterations. to date, there have been fewer than 10 reported cases of klüver-bucy syndrome in children, most of them irreversible. we describe here a reversible case of the complete klüver-bucy syndrome in a child suffering from shigella encephalopathy.	1993	8228026
a randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis.	we compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received tmp-smx. pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. in the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the tmp-smx group, 32 isolates were resistan ...	1993	8229498
comparative efficacy of two- and five-day courses of ceftriaxone for treatment of severe shigellosis in children.	administration of ceftriaxone for 5 days has been shown to be highly efficient in the treatment of severe shigellosis in children. our study, involving 40 children, demonstrated that a 2-day course of ceftriaxone was as beneficial as a 5-day course and constituted effective therapy for children with severe shigellosis.	1993	8229499
induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 by outer membrane proteins of shigella in spleen cells and macrophages of mice.	the ability of outer membrane proteins (omp) of shigella flexneri to induce tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin 6 (il-6) production by spleen cells and macrophages of mice was investigated. treatment of spleen cells with omp resulted in the release of only traces of tnf activity. in contrast, macrophages treated with omp produced moderate levels of tnf. omp was also found to be an inducer of il-6. both spleen cells and macrophages, treated with omp, were found to produce substantial leve ...	1993	8239920
transcription in vitro promoted by the agrobacterium virg protein.	expression of the virulence genes (vir) on the hairy-root-inducing plasmid pria4 is induced by plant signals in agrobacterium cells through a two-component regulatory system, the vira-virg system. we constructed an in vitro transcription system that consisted of the purified virg protein and the agrobacterium rna polymerase holoenzyme. both versions of virg, the non-phosphorylated form and the vira-phosphorylated form, were active but showed different patterns of the ph-dependency for transcript ...	1993	8243632
the chromosomal virulence gene, chve, of agrobacterium tumefaciens is regulated by a lysr family member.	certain plant phenolic compounds and monosaccharides induce the transcription of virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens through the vira-virg two-component regulatory system. the product of the chromosomal virulence gene chve is homologous to galactose-binding protein of escherichia coli and is required for vir gene induction by sugars. adjacent to, but divergent in transcription from, chve is an open reading frame, now termed gbpr (galactose-binding protein regulator), that is homol ...	1993	8253677
hrpi of erwinia amylovora functions in secretion of harpin and is a member of a new protein family.	hrpi, a 78-kda protein, functions in the secretion of harpin, a proteinaceous elicitor of the hypersensitive response from erwinia amylovora. the predicted amino acid sequence of hrpi is remarkably similar to that of lcrd of yersinia species, the first member of a recently described protein family. other proteins of the family are mixa from shigella flexneri, inva from salmonella typhimurium, flha from caulobacter crescentus, hrpi from pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, hrpo from pseudomonas sol ...	1993	8253684
[the efficacy of quercetin and tocopherol acetate in treating patients with flexner's dysentery].	quercetin and tocopherol were given to 134 patients with flexner's dysentery intramuscularly for 7 days; 154 patients received routine treatment. it was found that quercetin and tocopherol acetate enhanced normalization of clinical indices and restoration of the immune homeostasis. the above drugs are recommended for the complex treatment of dysentery.	1993	8209460
[analgesic effect and gastro-intestinal motility inhibitory action of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone from cynanchum paniculatum (bunge) kitagawa].	3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (hma) isolated from cynanchum paniculatum was found to have analgesic effect and inhibitory action on the gastro-intestinal motility. the effect and action were equivalent to that of paeonol, hma displayed a very low degree of antibacterial activity against escherichia coli and shigella flexneri.	1993	8274216
evaluation of butorphanol tartrate and buprenorphine hydrochloride on the inflammatory reaction of the sereny test.	invasion of the ocular epithelia of guinea pigs by virulent shigella organisms, eliciting keratoconjunctivitis, is the basis of the sereny test (st). this test has been used to ascertain the virulence of shigella strains and more recently to screen candidate shigella vaccines for efficacy. this test undoubtedly causes pain in test animals; however, recommendation for use of local analgesics/anesthetics has not been accepted because of concern that these topical agents may affect the ability of t ...	1993	8277729
serum antibody responses against shigella lipopolysaccharides and invasion plasmid-coded antigens in shigella infected swedish patients.	serum antibody responses to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) were studied in 74 swedish patients with culture verified bacillary dysentery using class-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia). anti-lps responses were found in 80% and 79% serum samples, respectively, from s. flexneri and s. sonnei infected patients and anti-ipa responses in 60% and 43%, respectively. the mean anti-ipa igg antibody titres in s. flexneri infected patients remained high for 4-6 mo ...	1993	8284641
recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel.	trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ...	1993	8286636
[on the outbreak of shigellosis in tokyo, 1992].	in 1992, the number of cases of shigellosis in tokyo increased remarkably, and a total of 10 separate outbreaks were confirmed. except for 1 series where the causative strains was shigella flexneri 3a, the other 9 outbreaks were caused by shigella sonnei. of note, 7 outbreaks were familial with less than 5 patients. the remaining 3 outbreaks occurred in a restaurant, a school and the dormitory of an orphanage, in which the organism was detected in 6 to 14 patients. in 4 of the familial outbreaks ...	1993	8294768
bacillus subtilis flagellar proteins flip, fliq, flir and flhb are related to shigella flexneri virulence factors.	the amino acid sequences of the bacillus subtilis flagellar proteins, flip, fliq, flir and flhb, as deduced from their respective nucleotide sequences, were found to share significant homology to the shigella flexneri spa24, spa9, spa29 and spa40 virulence proteins, respectively. these proteins are required for the presentation of surface plasmid antigens. these results further support the growing hypothesis that a superfamily of proteins exists for the biosynthesis of supramolecular structures ...	1993	8299954
[the evaluation of 2 criteria of arterial hypertension (author's transl)].		1993	262826
[eeg in metabolic and hormonal encephalopathies (author's transl)].	the essentially unspecific eeg-phenomena as expression of the cerebral reaction to extracerebral diseases are described. the most important diseases are dealt with, namely disturbances of the thyroid gland, liver- and kidney disorders, diabetes.	1993	281057
structure of a poly (adenosine diphosphoribose) monomer: 2'-(5"-hosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate.	a preparation of poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) synthase obtained from pigeon liver nuclei has been used to make poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) with an average chain length of 20. digestion of the purified poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) with snake venom phosphodiesterase (oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase; ec 3.1.4.1) gave the monomer, 2'-(5"-phosphoribosyl)-5-amp. after purification of the monomer on a dowex-1 column, further digestion with alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester ...	1993	204934
[use of modified activator].		1993	280752
[modification of fetal serum proteins and pathogeny of pregnancy toxemia].		1993	413660
local treatment of the endometrium with progesterone.		1993	281175
colloidal gold uptake by normal blood and leukemic cells in children.		1993	281083
[phasic components of frog semicircular canal (author's transl)].		1993	501465
factors associated with planned and unplanned nuptial births.	the incidence of unplanned pregnancy in a cohort of 1038 mothers of nuptial children was examined. the major findings were: (1) about one third of the pregnancies were unplanned but there was little evidence that unplanned children were unwanted; (2) there was no evidence to suggest that unplanned birth was related to poor education, low socio-economic status or lack of knowledge of contraception; (3) 40 percent of unplanned births were the result of contraceptive failure; (4) a common denominat ...	1993	280785
[cephalometric orientation].		1993	280755
[histologic grade, dna content and image analysis in soft tissue tumors].	flow cytometry and image analysis technique were used to quantitate the nuclei of various soft tissue tumors. a single representing section from soft tissue sarcoma was used for histologic grading. histologic and cytometric comparative analyses showed that all 21 benign tumors were diploid. among 62 cases of soft tissue sarcoma, 45 (73%) were aneuploid. there was a significant difference in the nuclear area between benign and malignant tumors (p less than 0.01), diploid and aneuploid tumors (p l ...	1993	2272261
effects of cytochalasin b on division and calcium carbonate extrusion in a calcareous alga.		1993	204503
[aortocoronary bypass: absolution or condemnation?].		1993	302808
immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in relation to hormone production.	eighteen cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid were analyzed immunohistochemically for calcitonin- and acth-containing cells, and tumor cells in 8 cases were examined by an electron microscope and analyzed by manual and computer procedures with particular attention paid to the size and quality of secretory granules. calcitonin- and acth-containing cells were found singly or in clusters in 14 and 11 tumors, respectively. in 4 cases, calcitonin-positive cell clusters and an increase in numbe ...	1993	202164
paresthesia from n2. report of a case.	a number of cases of paresthesia following the use of n2 or other paraformaldehyde-containing root canal cements have been reported. since paresthesia is longlasting and not only an inconvenience but also disabling at times, such cements should not be used for obturating root canals.	1993	280860
[the narrowest speaking distance--a factor in the recording of jaw relation].		1993	281064
formalizing grassman's laws in a generalized colorimetry.		1993	262788
metabolic causes of renal stone formation.		1994	196272
[granular-cell myoma of the alveolar process of the maxilla in a newborn girl].		1994	205030
[determination of free and protein bound cortisol, transcortin binding capacity and adrenocorticotropic hormone in the plasma of patients with hypertension].	the total non-conjugated plasma cortisol in 60 patients with hypertension disease (hd)is 17.5 mkg/ml. the free non-conjugated cortisol represents 8.45 per cent of the total - 1,5 mkg%, considerably (p less than 0.0001) higher than that in healthy subjects. protein conjugated cortisol is 16.0 mkg%. the bounding capacity of transcortin the plasma of hypertonics is considerably decreased (p less than 0.0001) - 15.8 mkg (in healthy - 18.5 mkg) per 100 ml. acth level in the plasma of patients with hd ...	1994	188262
[the evaluation of transabdominal pelvic fluid collections. clinical cases].	two cases of pelvic collections of different etiology, admitted in the isolation unit of the gynecology and obstetrics department of hospital del salvador are presented. both were resolved by means of ultrasound transabdominal puncture, the first a tubo-ovarian abscess, in which there was placed a percutaneous drainage, and the second, a residual lutein cyst, (subsequent' to an ectopic pregnancy resolved by surgery) by means only of punction. in the first case (tubo-ovarian abscess) the patient ...	1994	1342424
modification of sexual behaviour in anorexia nervosa.		1994	295219
kallikrein, kinins, and the kidney: what's going on in there?		1994	205618
a multivariate twin analysis of within-family environmental influences in infants' social responsiveness.	observational measures of social responsiveness were obtained for twin infants. the structure of within-family environmental influences was assessed by correlating identical twin pair differences for 13 behaviors in seven social settings. factor analysis of the difference score matrix yielded one interpretable factor. this factor indicated that within-family environmental influences were not completely random but may exert a systematic effect on social behavior in several situations.	1994	263637
[impulse radiolysis study of the reaction capability of conformationally-nonequilibrium states of metalloproteins. ferredoxin].		1994	205400
quantitative characterization of heart rate during exercise.		1994	293886
an education program in alcoholism for social workers: its impact on attitudes and treatment-oriented behavior.		1994	186088
anesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for posterior fossa lesions.		1994	303236
[lupus erythematodes visceralis and age. part 1: lupus erythematodes visceralis as model of an autoimmune process and its relationship to age with special reference to antinuclear factors in different age groups].	this investigations show the lupus erythematodes visceralis as a modell of autoimmune processes. there are discussed the relations to age under special aspects of antinuclear factors in several groups of age.	1994	303026
heat capacity and entropy changes in processes involving proteins.	six possible sources of the large heat capacity and entropy changes frequently observed for processes involving proteins are identified. of these the conformational, hydrophobic, and vibrational effects seem likely to be of greatest importance. a method is proposed for estimating the magnitudes of the hydrophobic and vibrational contributions. application of this method to several protein processes appears to achieve significant clarification of previously confusing and apparently contradictory ...	1994	196283
independent eye movements in the turtle.	in order to evaluate the normal eye movements of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans, the positions of each eye were recorded simultaneously using two search-coil contact lenses. optokinetic nystagmus (okn) was strikingly unyoked in this animal such that one eye's slow-phase velocity was substantially independent of that of the other eye. on the other hand, the fast-phase motions of both eyes occurred more or less in synchrony. an eye's slow-phase gain is primarily dependent on the direction a ...	1994	2271458
analyses of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in lymphocytes from normal and aged leukemic mice.		1994	205360
mutants of agrobacterium vira that activate vir gene expression in the absence of the inducer acetosyringone.	in the presence of inducer molecules produced by wounded plants, the vira/virg two-component positive regulatory system of agrobacterium tumefaciens initiates transcription of virulence genes required for crown gall tumor formation. exactly how this system enables the bacterium to respond to an environmental signal is not known, but phosphorylation of vira and virg plays a role. to analyze further the function of vira, we chemically mutagenized the vira gene. two mutants that activate vir transc ...	1994	8300595
molecular characterization, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the flio, flip, fliq, and flir genes of escherichia coli.	the flil operon of escherichia coli contains seven genes that are involved in the biosynthesis and functioning of the flagellar organelle. dna sequences for the first three genes of this operon have been reported previously. a 2.2-kb psti restriction fragment was shown to complement known mutant alleles of the flio, flip, fliq, and flir genes, the four remaining genes of the flil operon. four open reading frames were identified by dna sequence analysis and correlated to their corresponding genes ...	1994	8282695
[vaccination against the enterobacteria responsible for enteric infections].	development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ...	1994	8210205
comparison of conjugates composed of lipopolysaccharide from shigella flexneri type 2a detoxified by two methods and bound to tetanus toxoid.	shigella flexneri type 2a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was detoxified with acetic acid (o-sp) or with hydrazine (dealps). dealps, but not o-sp, retained part of its lipid a. both gave an identical line of precipitation with typing antiserum by double immunodiffusion, and both had low levels of lps activity by the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. o-sp had an m(r) of approximately 17,000. dealps had two components of m(r)s approximately 30,00 (major and approximately 10,000 (minor). adipic acid hydraz ...	1994	8262629
ipab mediates macrophage apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri kills macrophages through apoptosis, involving the induction of host cell dna fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes. shigella can only cause damage if it escapes from the phagolysosome into the cytoplasm. the s. flexneri cytotoxic genes have been localized to the ipa operon of shigella's virulence plasmid. ipab, c and d deletion mutants are not invasive and therefore not cytotoxic. in order to distinguish genes involved in the escape from the phagolysosome as d ...	1994	8196540
infection, diarrhea, and dysentery caused by shigella species and campylobacter jejuni among guatemalan rural children.	to examine the factors that may influence the outcome of infections by shigella spp. and campylobacter jejuni we followed for 24 consecutive months 321 rural guatemala children 0 to 35 months old. home visits were made to determine child morbidity patterns with emphasis on diarrhea and dysentery. fecal samples for microbiologic studies were obtained from the participants when they were ill and during healthy periods. shigella spp. were isolated from 9.8 and 4.0% of ill and healthy children, resp ...	1994	8177630
cleavage of the shigella surface protein icsa (virg): intention or accident?		1994	8162437
immune responses in vietnamese children after a single dose of the auxotrophic, live shigella flexneri y vaccine strain sfl124.	the live, auxotrophic shigella flexneri vaccine strain sfl124 was given in a single dose of 10(7), 10(8) or 10(9) colony forming units (cfu), respectively, to each of three groups of 10 vietnamese children aged 9-14 years. the vaccine was well tolerated by all the children without any severe side effects such as diarrhoea or fever being observed. mild symptoms were reported by five children. only five children were found by culture to excrete sfl124 but, by pcr, 28 of 30 children were found to e ...	1994	8163828
the lcrb (yscn/u) gene cluster of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is involved in yop secretion and shows high homology to the spa gene clusters of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium.	virulent bacteria of the genus yersinia secrete a number of virulence determinants called yops. these proteins lack typical signal sequences and are not posttranslationally processed. two gene loci have been identified as being involved in the specific yop secretion system (g. cornelis, p. 231-265, in c. e. hormache, c. w. penn, and c. j. smythe, ed., molecular biology of bacterial infection, 1992; s. c. straley, g. v. plano, e. skrzypek, p. l. haddix, and k. a. fields, mol. microbiol. 8:1005-10 ...	1994	8169210
characterization of a 3-dehydroquinase gene from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with homology to the eukaryotic genes qa-2 and qute.	a gene was cloned from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain 4074 by complementation of an arod strain of escherichia coli. the e. coli gene arod codes for a 3-dehydroquinase enzyme of type i, active in the aromatic biosynthesis pathway. the a. pleuropneumoniae gene, termed aroq, displays no base or amino acid sequence homology to arod of e. coli. it is instead homologous to the qute and qa-2 genes, respectively of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. these genes code for 3-dehydroquinas ...	1994	8170389
characterization of the dtdp-rhamnose biosynthetic genes encoded in the rfb locus of shigella flexneri.	the nucleotide sequence of the proximal half of the rfb region of shigella flexneri has been determined, and the genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dtdp-rhamnose have been identified. these genes show strong homology to the rfb genes encoding dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (strain lt2) and s. enterica serovar anatum (strain m32) (jiang et al., 1991; wang et al., 1992). an open reading frame upstream of rfbb was also identified which enco ...	1994	8170390
identification and characterization of a chromosomal virulence gene, vacj, required for intercellular spreading of shigella flexneri.	intercellular spreading of shigellae is a prerequisite for shigellosis, although the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still largely obscure. to elucidate some of these mechanisms, we performed random tn10 insertion mutagenesis in shigella flexneri ysh6000t and found a chromosomal locus in the noti-j segment responsible for bacterial spreading. the locus affected in the mutant, designated vacj, was neither involved in the invasion of epithelial cells nor in intracellular movemen ...	1994	8145644
a new class of proteins regulating gene expression in enterobacteria.	ymoa and hha are highly similar bacterial proteins downregulating gene expression in yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, respectively. the phenotype of ymoa mutants evokes that of mutants affected in some histone-like proteins. this paper describes complementation of a ymoa mutation in y. enterocolitica by the hha gene from e. coli. we show that ymoa and hha are not only very similar proteins but that they are functionally interchangeable. genetic experiments indicate that hha can also ...	1994	8145648
in vivo r-plasmid transfer in a patient with a mixed infection of shigella dysentery.	transfer of shigella r-plasmids in vivo has seldom been demonstrated. strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b were isolated from a bulgarian traveller who visited vietnam and developed dysentery, which was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smz) for a short time. both species of shigellae are unusual in bulgaria where strains of s. sonnei predominate. both shigella strains were multiresistant to the same antimicrobial agents. each strain contained a 48-k ...	1994	8149999
nucleotide sequence of the rhamnose biosynthetic operon of shigella flexneri 2a and role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence.	n1308, a chromosomal tn5 mutant of shigella flexneri 2a, was described previously as a lipopolysaccharide (lps) mutant with a short o side chain. n1308 formed foci, but not plaques, in llc-mk2 cell monolayers and was negative in the serény test. in this study, the wild-type locus inactivated in n1308 was cloned and further defined by means of complementation analysis. a 4.3-kb bsteii-xhoi fragment of s. flexneri 2a ysh6200 dna was sufficient to restore both normal lps and virulence phenotype to ...	1994	8157605
cadherin expression is required for the spread of shigella flexneri between epithelial cells.	shigella flexneri, a gram-negative pathogen, invades the human colonic epithelium. after entering epithelial cells, bacteria escape into the cytoplasm, move intracellularly, and pass from cell to cell. the bacterium diverts actin and associated actin-binding proteins to generate a cytoskeleton-based motor that pushes forward the bacterium. as the moving bacterium reaches the inner face of the host-cell cytoplasmic membrane, a protrusion forms that allows passage of this bacterium into a neighbor ...	1994	8124719
invasiveness of shigella flexneri in poliovirus infected ht-29 cells.	in this paper we report the effect in ht-29 cells of mixed infections with poliovirus type 1 and shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t and derivative strains differing in adhesive as well as invasive properties. ht-29 epithelial intestinal cells derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma are a good model for coinfection studies because they are susceptible both to poliovirus replication and to s. flexneri invasion. the results show that 48 h after infection by poliovirus the invasiveness of wi ...	1994	8127227
acid and base resistance in escherichia coli and shigella flexneri: role of rpos and growth ph.	escherichia coli k-12 strains and shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase can survive several hours at ph 2 to 3, which is considerably lower than the acid limit for growth (about ph 4.5). a 1.3-kb fragment cloned from s. flexneri conferred acid resistance on acid-sensitive e. coli hb101; sequence data identified the fragment as a homolog of rpos, the growth phase-dependent sigma factor sigma 38. the clone also conferred acid resistance on s. flexneri rpos::tn10 but not on salmonella typhimu ...	1994	8132468
a chromosome map of shigella flexneri with the loci related to pathogenicity.		1994	8133848
inhibition of agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity by the osa gene of psa.	the incw plasmid psa originally derived from shigella flexneri completely inhibits the tumor-inducing ability of agrobacterium tumefaciens when it is resident in this organism. oncogenic inhibition is mediated through the expression of the osa gene on psa. this gene is part of a 3.1-kb dna segment of psa that contains four open reading frames revealed by sequencing. specific deletions and tncat insertions within this segment localized the oncogenic inhibitory activity to the last open reading fr ...	1994	8083162
interleukin 1 is released by murine macrophages during apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri.	peritoneal macrophages undergoing apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri infection release the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (il-1), but not il-6 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha). wild type shigella causes a very fast and significant release of il-1 from prestimulated peritoneal macrophages, before the cell's integrity is compromised. both il-1 alpha and il-1 beta are released, il-1 beta in its mature processed form. il-1 is released from presynthesized cytoplasmic pools. these r ...	1994	8083373
outpatient studies of the safety and immunogenicity of an auxotrophic escherichia coli k-12-shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine candidate, ecsf2a-2.	a phase ii study was conducted in 244 volunteers at fort ord, ca, to determine the safety and immunogenicity of ecsf2a-2, a live, oral shigella vaccine constructed by transfer of genes from shigella flexneri to escherichia coli k-12. in this placebo-controlled study, four doses of vaccine ranging from 2.3 to 9.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units were given on days 0, 3, 14 and 17. vaccine shedding occurred from 1 to 3 days after each dose. the vaccine was well tolerated at every dose tested. signific ...	1994	8036831
molecular and cellular mechanisms of tissue invasion by shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri, a member of the family of enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa and provoking a very intense inflammation. recent in vitro data allow us to integrate different phenomena into a model of the infectious process during shigellosis. in vivo, bacteria appear to enter the submucosa via the m cells, specialized cells that cover the follicular structures of the intestinal mucosa. once inside the submucosa, shigellae encounter resident tiss ...	1994	8080171
protection against invasion of the mouse pulmonary epithelium by a monoclonal iga directed against shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide.		1994	8080209
immunogenicity of two types of shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates.		1994	8080210
the binding site of the transcriptional activator virg from agrobacterium comprises both conserved and specific nonconserved sequences.	virulence genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens are transcriptionally activated in response to phenolic compounds and certain sugars. the transcription activator virg specifically binds to fragments containing the conserved vir box sequence present in the promoter region of all vir genes. this study shows that both the vir box as well as specific nonconserved sequences downstream of the vir box are required for virg binding and transcriptional activation. insertion of the identified virg binding si ...	1994	8307169
epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel.	the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ...	1994	8070448
outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship.		1994	8072477
[bacterial dysentery in 1992].		1994	8073150
identification and characterization of a salmonella typhimurium oxygen-regulated gene required for bacterial internalization.	growth of salmonella typhimurium in a low-oxygen environment induces the ability of these bacteria to enter mammalian cells. we have carried out a search for invasion genes that are expressed under low-oxygen conditions by using tn5laczy transcriptional fusions. several noninvasive oxygen-regulated laczy insertion strains have been identified. the invasion defect in one of these noninvasive s. typhimurium strains, bj66, has been complemented by introduction of a cosmid (pbdj125) from an s. typhi ...	1994	8063389