Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in europe, 2010-2011. | drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis is challenging elimination of tuberculosis (tb). we evaluated risk factors for tb and levels of second-line drug resistance in m. tuberculosis in patients in europe with multidrug-resistant (mdr) tb. a total of 380 patients with mdr tb and 376 patients with non-mdr tb were enrolled at 23 centers in 16 countries in europe during 2010-2011. a total of 52.4% of mdr tb patients had never been treated for tb, which suggests primary transmission of mdr m. tube ... | 2015 | 25693485 |
| paradoxical reaction of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis: a case series. | paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis (tb) in vertebral osteomyelitis are very rarely reported. we experienced four cases of severe paradoxical reactions in tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis. four cases of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis were confirmed by an acid-fast bacilli smear or culture. the patients were human immunodeficiency virus negative, and were all initially treated with isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. their symptoms improved with anti-tb drugs. however, a ... | 2015 | 25692354 |
| evaluation of the cobas taqman mtb test for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | the cobas taqman mtb assay is used for rapid detection of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) in clinical samples. it is only validated for respiratory samples, but is often requested by physicians for non-respiratory specimens. the aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the performance of this assay in clinical praxis in a country with low prevalence of tuberculosis (tb). | 2015 | 25692353 |
| characterization of host and microbial determinants in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection using a human granuloma model. | granulomas sit at the center of tuberculosis (tb) immunopathogenesis. progress in biomarkers and treatment specific to the human granuloma environment is hindered by the lack of a relevant and tractable infection model that better accounts for the complexity of the host immune response as well as pathogen counterresponses that subvert host immunity in granulomas. here we developed and characterized an in vitro granuloma model derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and auto ... | 2015 | 25691598 |
| the dormant cells of mycobacterium tuberculosis may be resuscitated by targeting-expression system of recombinant mycobacteriophage-rpf: implication of shorter course of tb chemotherapy in the future. | here we hypothesized that dormant cells of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) may be resuscitated by a new expression system of recombinant mycobacteriophage-resuscitation-promoting factor (rpf). in this system, gene of targeted rpf was cloned into mycobacteriophage genome, since mycobacteriophages possess several characteristics, including automatic identification and specific infection of m. tuberculosis. thus the targeted delivery and endogenous expression of rpf to the infected are ... | 2015 | 25691378 |
| tenosynovitis: a rare presentation of tuberculosis better known by hand surgeons than infectious diseases specialists. | clinical presentation of tuberculosis is pleomorphic. some forms are rare and better known by surgeons than infectious disease specialists. | 2015 | 25690847 |
| study of efflux pump gene expression in rifampicin-monoresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. | rifampicin (rif) resistance is a risk factor for poor outcome in tuberculosis (tb). in mycobacterium tuberculosis, both target gene mutation and efflux pumps have major roles in the resistance to anti-tb drugs. this study aimed to determine whether rif induces efflux pump activation in rif-monoresistant m. tuberculosis strains. here, we took advantage of 16 rif-monoresistant m. tuberculosis clinical isolates to evaluate the expression of 27 putative drug efflux pump genes and measured the influe ... | 2015 | 25690361 |
| in vitro activity of rifampicin and verapamil combination in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of rifampicin (rif) and verapamil (vp) against the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv reference strain and six multidrug-resistant (mdr) m. tuberculosis clinical isolates by determining time-kill curves and the ability to efflux drug by fluorometry. the rif+vp combination showed synergism in one mdr clinical isolate. for the other five mdr clinical isolates, the drug combination showed no interaction. the mdr clinical isola ... | 2015 | 25689777 |
| the future for early-stage tuberculosis drug discovery. | there is an urgent need for new and better drugs to treat tuberculosis due to lengthy and complex treatment regimens and a rising problem of drug resistance. drug discovery efforts have increased over the past few years, with a larger focus on modern high-throughput screening technologies. a combination of target-based approaches, with the traditional empirical means of drug identification, has been complemented by the use of target-based phenotypic screens only recently made possibly with newer ... | 2015 | 25689534 |
| differential diagnostic assays for discriminating mycobacteria, especially for nontuberculous mycobacteria: what does the future hold? | mycobacteria infections are an important medical problem, and many are regarded as emerging and re-emerging diseases. mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 8.6 million cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2012. in addition, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection has significantly increased, especially among developed countries. although phenotypical appearances such as cu ... | 2015 | 25689533 |
| corrigendum: direct extracellular interaction between the early secreted antigen esat-6 of mycobacterium tuberculosis and tlr2 inhibits tlr signaling in macrophages. | 2015 | 25689444 | |
| synergy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy revealed by a genome-scale analysis of murine tuberculosis. | although tb immunotherapy improves the results of conventional drug treatment, the effects of combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy have never been systematically evaluated. we used a comprehensive lung transcriptome analysis to directly compare the activity of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy with that of single treatments in a mouse model of tb. | 2015 | 25687643 |
| concordance of mycobacterium tuberculosis fluoroquinolone resistance testing: implications for treatment. | fluoroquinolone (fq) drug susceptibility testing (dst) is an important step in the design of effective treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. here we compare ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin (mfx) resistance results from 226 multidrug-resistant samples. the low level of concordance observed suggests that dst should be performed for the specific fq planned for clinical use. the results also support the new world health organization recommendation for testing mfx at a cr ... | 2015 | 25686144 |
| the complexities of xpert® mtb/rif interpretation. | the xpert(®) mtb/rif assay has demonstrated robust capability for diagnosing tuberculosis (tb) and rifampin (rmp) resistance. optimal use of xpert in diverse settings will require knowledge of challenges when interpreting the results. we present three selected cases from the united states, a low-burden tb setting, to highlight important clinical scenarios encountered with xpert testing: rapid rmp resistance detection in a patient with pre-extensively drug-resistant tb who immigrated from the phi ... | 2015 | 25686132 |
| respiratory infections: pulmonary tuberculosis. | family physicians can prevent mortality and disability due to pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) by identifying high-risk patients. recognition of symptoms (eg, cough for 3 weeks or longer) helps prevent overlooked diagnoses because results of tuberculin skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays are negative in up to 25% and 21%, respectively, of severe acute cases. the typical x-ray findings of cavities, infiltrates, and lymphadenopathy are minimal among immunosuppressed patients. cases of active ... | 2015 | 25685923 |
| the dosr regulon modulates adaptive immunity and is essential for mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence. | hypoxia promotes dormancy by causing physiologic changes to actively replicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. dosr controls the response of m. tuberculosis to hypoxia. | 2015 | 25730547 |
| a bacterial cyclic dinucleotide activates the cytosolic surveillance pathway and mediates innate resistance to tuberculosis. | detection of cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp), a bacterial second messenger, by the host cytoplasmic surveillance pathway (csp) is known to elicit type i interferon (ifn) responses, which are crucial to antimicrobial defense. however, the mechanisms and role of c-di-amp signaling in mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence remain unclear. here we show that resistance to tuberculosis requires csp-mediated detection of c-di-amp produced by m. tuberculosis and that levels of c-di-amp modula ... | 2015 | 25730264 |
| tuberculosis of the neuromusculoskeletal system: a review of two cases presenting as chiropractic patients. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public heath problem world-wide, particularly in low-income countries. increased number of immunocompromised patients and immigration from countries where tuberculosis is endemic has resulted in increased number of cases in high-income countries. tuberculosis can affect any organ system, but is of particular interest to chiropractors when it affects the neuromusculoskeletal system. patients with tuberculosis of the neuromusculoskeletal ... | 2015 | 25729081 |
| proteasomal control of cytokinin synthesis protects mycobacterium tuberculosis against nitric oxide. | one of several roles of the mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome is to defend against host-produced nitric oxide (no), a free radical that can damage numerous biological macromolecules. mutations that inactivate proteasomal degradation in mycobacterium tuberculosis result in bacteria that are hypersensitive to no and attenuated for growth in vivo, but it was not known why. to elucidate the link between proteasome function, no resistance, and pathogenesis, we screened for suppressors of no hyper ... | 2015 | 25728768 |
| antimycobacterial activity of peptide conjugate of pyridopyrimidine derivative against mycobacterium tuberculosis in a series of in vitro and in vivo models. | new pyridopyrimidine derivatives were defined using a novel hts in silico docking method (frigate). the target protein was a dutpase enzyme (ec 3.6.1.23; rv2697) which plays a key role in nucleotide biosynthesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). top hit molecules were assayed in vitro for their antimycobacterial effect on mtb h37rv culture. in order to enhance the cellular uptake rate, the tb820 compound was conjugated to a peptid-based carrier and a nanoparticle type delivery system (polylac ... | 2015 | 25728610 |
| regulatory t-cell subsets in response to specific mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in vitro distinguish among individuals with different qtf and tst reactivity. | regulatory t cells (tregs), a subset of cd4+ t cells related with immune regulation, have been associated with active and latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi). treg frequencies were evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry (fc) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) stimulated with mycobacterial antigens esat-6, cfp-10, and tb7.7 to assess their capacity to distinguish subjects with different reactivity to the quantiferon-tb® gold in-tube (qft-it) test and the tuberculin skin test (tst). in ... | 2015 | 25728490 |
| development of sample clean up methods for the analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis methyl mycocerosate biomarkers in sputum extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a proof of principle gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method is presented, in combination with clean up assays, aiming to improve the analysis of methyl mycocerosate tuberculosis biomarkers from sputum. methyl mycocerosates are generated from the transesterification of phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdims), extracted in petroleum ether from sputum of tuberculosis suspect patients. when a high matrix background is present in the sputum extracts, the identification of the chromatographic peaks c ... | 2015 | 25728371 |
| direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum using combined solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | recently, thermally-assisted hydrolysis and methylation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (thm-gc-ms) in combination with chemometrics has been used to develop a 20-compound model for fast differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in bacterial cultures. this model provided better than 95% accuracy. in our current work a hexane/methanol/water extraction followed by a solid phase extraction (spe) clean-up procedure was developed for ... | 2015 | 25728368 |
| congenital tuberculosis: presentation of a rare case. | congenital tuberculosis is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. congenital tuberculosis is considered the result of mother-to-child transmission from the placenta to the fetus, through the ingestion of the amniotic fluid, or via transplacental transmission through the umbilical vein. given the non-specific clinical signs of tuberculosis, it is usually difficult to diagnose it. the case of a 48-day-old male infant hospitalized due to weight loss, fever, cough, hemoptysis, and respiratory di ... | 2015 | 25727833 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna on the oral mucosa of tuberculosis patients. | diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) usually includes laboratory analysis of sputum, a viscous material derived from deep in the airways of patients with active disease. as a diagnostic sample matrix, sputum can be difficult to collect and analyze by microbiological and molecular techniques. an alternative, less invasive sample matrix could greatly simplify tb diagnosis. we hypothesized that mycobacterium tuberculosis cells or dna accumulate on the oral epithelia of pulmonary tb patients, an ... | 2015 | 25727773 |
| phylogeny to function: pe/ppe protein evolution and impact on mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity. | the pe/ppe genes represent one of the most intriguing aspects of the mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. these genes are especially abundant in pathogenic mycobacteria, with more than 160 members in m. tuberculosis. despite being discovered over 15 years ago, their function remains unclear, although various lines of evidence implicate selected family members in mycobacterial virulence. in this review, we use pe/ppe phylogeny as a framework within which we examine the diversity and putative functi ... | 2015 | 25727695 |
| 3d-qsar and molecular modeling studies on 2,3-dideoxy hexenopyranosid-4-uloses as anti-tubercular agents targeting alpha-mannosidase. | ligand-based and structure-based methods were applied in combination to exploit the physicochemical properties of 2,3-dideoxy hex-2-enopyranosid-4-uloses against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. statistically valid 3d-qsar models with good correlation and predictive power were obtained with comfa steric and electrostatic fields (r(2) = 0.797, q(2) = 0.589) and comsia with combined steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond acceptor fields (r(2) = 0.867, q(2) = 0.570) based on training ... | 2015 | 25727263 |
| decompression of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes due to mycobacterium tuberculosis causing severe airway obstruction in children. | large airway compression by enlarged tuberculosis (tb) lymph nodes results in life-threatening airway obstruction in a small proportion of children. the indications, safety, and efficacy of tb lymph node decompression are inadequately described. this study aims to describe the indications and efficacy of tb lymph node decompression in children with severe airway compression and investigate variables influencing outcome. | 2015 | 25725929 |
| genital tuberculosis in the infertile women - an update. | tuberculosis is endemic in many developing countries of the world including bangladesh. genital tuberculosis is a significant cause of infertility in the women of these countries. the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in infertile women is difficult as most of the cases are usually asymptomatic. a high index of clinical suspicion is required. genital tuberculosis always affects the fallopian tubes. it affects the endometrium in half of the cases. in addition to tuberculin skin tests and interfer ... | 2015 | 25725695 |
| anti-mycobacterial triterpenes from the canadian medicinal plant alnus incana. | alnus incana, commonly known as the gray or speckled alder, is a medicinal plant used by some canadian first nations to treat symptoms associated with tuberculosis. the aim of this study was to assess the anti-mycobacterial activity of an alnus incana bark extract and to identify the active constituents of the extract. | 2015 | 25725435 |
| definite (microbiologically confirmed) tuberculous meningitis: predictors and prognostic impact. | microbiological confirmation cannot be obtained in approximately two-third patients with tuberculous meningitis. in this study, we sought to identify epidemiological, clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging parameters that could indicate the possibility of microbiological confirmation among patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis. | 2015 | 25724799 |
| detection of novel and reported mutations in the rpob, katg and inha genes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates: a hospital-based study. | the objective of this study was to detect mutations associated with isoniazid (inh) and rifampicin (rif) resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed and previously treated tuberculosis patients using a pcr-based dna sequencing technique. phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was performed using a bactec™ micromgit culture system in 354 m. tuberculosis isolates. among the 354 isolates, 18 were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb). pcr-based dna sequencing was perf ... | 2015 | 27873643 |
| tuberculous bursitis of the greater trochanter mimicking ankylosing spondylitis. | tuberculous trochanteric bursitis (ttb) is a rare condition that accounts for 1% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. extrapulmonary tb is usually diagnosed late because of reduced diagnostic suspicion, particularly in the absence of signs of systemic infection. herein, we report a case of right hip pain that was misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. the patient had a history of inflammatory back pain with morning stiffness. however, hla-b27 was negative. sacroiliac magnetic resonance imagin ... | 2015 | 27708917 |
| prognostic significance of novel katg mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | by using whole genome sequencing (wgs), researchers are beginning to understand the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and its consequences for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) on a genomic scale. the global consortium for drug-resistant tb diagnostics (gcdd) conducted a genome scale variant analyses of 366 clinical mtb genomes (mostly mdr/xdr [extensively drug resistant]) from four countries in order to inform the development of rapid molecular diagn ... | 2015 | 27695670 |
| molecular model of hemoglobin n from mycobacterium tuberculosis bound to lipid bilayers: a combined spectroscopic and computational study. | a singular aspect of the 2-on-2 hemoglobin structures of groups i and ii is the presence of tunnels linking the protein surface to the distal heme pocket, supporting the storage and the diffusion of small apolar ligands to/from the buried active site. as the solubility of apolar ligands is greater in biological membranes than in solution, the association of these proteins with biological membranes may improve the efficiency of ligand capture. as very little is known on this subject, we have inve ... | 2015 | 25723781 |
| synthesis of novel pleuromutilin derivatives. part 1: preliminary studies of antituberculosis activity. | the worldwide threat from tuberculosis (tb) has resulted in great demand for new drugs, particularly those that can treat multidrug-resistant tb. we synthesized novel pleuromutilin derivatives with n-benzylamine side chain substituted at the c14 position and evaluated their activity in vitro against a virulent strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv). the primary assay results showed that five compounds inhibited the h37rv at 20μm, with a mic of one of the analogues as low as 7.2μm. | 2015 | 25736994 |
| clonality and micro-diversity of a nationwide spreading genotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis in japan. | mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission routes can be estimated from genotypic analysis of clinical isolates from patients. in japan, still a middle-incidence country of tb, a unique genotype strain designated as 'm-strain' has been isolated nationwide recently. to ascertain the history of the wide spread of the strain, 10 clinical isolates from different areas were subjected to genome-wide analysis based on deep sequencers. results show that all isolates possessed common mutations to those of r ... | 2015 | 25734518 |
| vitamin d: immuno-modulation and tuberculosis treatment. | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health problem and often coincides with vitamin d deficiency. high doses of vitamin d were widely used to treat tb during the pre-antibiotic era. vitamin d exerts its action through vitamin d receptor (vdr), and vdr gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis as well as sputum smear and culture conversion during anti-tb treatment. in-vitro studies have revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 enhances innate immunity by in ... | 2015 | 25744368 |
| new potential eukaryotic substrates of the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase ptpa: hints of a bacterial modulation of macrophage bioenergetics state. | the bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase ptpa is a key virulence factor released by mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cytosol of infected macrophages. so far only two unrelated macrophage components (vps33b, gsk3α) have been identified as ptpa substrates. as tyrosine phosphatases are capable of using multiple substrates, we developed an improved methodology to pull down novel ptpa substrates from an enriched p-y macrophage extract using the mutant ptpa d126a. this methodology reduced non-speci ... | 2015 | 25743628 |
| mce4f mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptides can inhibit invasion of human cell lines. | this work was aimed at studying the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv rv3494c protein, taking into account that it belongs to the mammalian cell entry family (mce) which is thought to have important functions in the disease's pathogenesis. the protein was characterized in silico; its presence on mycobacterial surface was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. high-activity binding peptides (habps) were identified by binding assays with (125)i; their ability to inhibit mycobacterial entry to two ... | 2015 | 25743470 |
| synthesis and biotinylation of oligosaccharide fragments of mannosylated and 5-deoxy-5-methylthio-xylofuranosylated lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the attachment of biotin to a molecule provides a powerful tool in biology. here, we report an efficient synthesis and biotinylation of mannosylated and 5-deoxy-5-methylthio-xylofuranosylated lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium tuberculosis. preparation of the oligosaccharides involved the sequential addition of thioglycoside donors with arabinofuranosyl-containing acceptors. methylthio group was introduced near the end of the synthesis. | 2015 | 25742868 |
| in-vitro activity of avermectins against mycobacterium ulcerans. | mycobacterium ulcerans causes buruli ulcer (bu), a debilitating infection of subcutaneous tissue. there is a who-recommended antibiotic treatment requiring an 8-week course of streptomycin and rifampicin. this regime has revolutionized the treatment of bu but there are problems that include reliance on daily streptomycin injections and side effects such as ototoxicity. trials of all-oral treatments for bu show promise but additional drug combinations that make bu treatment safer and shorter woul ... | 2015 | 25742173 |
| evaluation of a u.s. public health laboratory service for the molecular detection of drug resistant tuberculosis. | crucial to interrupting the spread of tuberculosis (tb) is prompt implementation of effective treatment regimens. we evaluated satisfaction, comfort with interpretation, and use of molecular results from a public health service provided by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) for the molecular detection of drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). an electronic survey instrument was used to collect information anonymously from u.s. public health laboratories (phl) ... | 2015 | 25793126 |
| [proteomic analysis of u937 cells expressing mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 16.3]. | to compare the protein expression differences between u937 macrophages expressing m. tuberculosis (mtb) hsp16.3 protein and u937 macrophages expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp), and therefore to explore the protein expressions related to latent tb infection(ltbi). | 2015 | 25791654 |
| investigating the causes for decreased levels of glutathione in individuals with type ii diabetes. | tuberculosis (tb) remains an eminent global burden with one third of the world's population latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). individuals with compromised immune systems are especially vulnerable to m. tb infection. in fact, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) are two to three times more susceptible to tb than those without t2dm. in this study, we report that individuals with t2dm have lower levels of glutathione (gsh) due to compromised levels of gsh synthe ... | 2015 | 25790445 |
| il-4rα-dependent alternative activation of macrophages is not decisive for mycobacterium tuberculosis pathology and bacterial burden in mice. | classical activation of macrophages (camph or m1) is crucial for host protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection. evidence suggests that il-4/il-13 alternatively activated macrophages (aamph or m2) are exploited by mtb to divert microbicidal functions of camph. to define the functions of m2 macrophages during tuberculosis (tb), we infected mice deficient for il-4 receptor α on macrophages (lysmcreil-4rα-/lox) with mtb. we show that absence of il-4rα on macrophages does not pla ... | 2015 | 25790379 |
| structure, dynamics, and interaction of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dpre1 and dpre2 examined by molecular modeling, simulation, and electrostatic studies. | the enzymes decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase (dpre1) and decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose-2-epimerase (dpre2) catalyze epimerization of decaprenylphosporyl ribose (dpr) todecaprenylphosporyl arabinose (dpa) and are critical for the survival of mtb. crystal structures of dpre1 so far reported display significant disordered regions and no structural information is known for dpre2. we used homology modeling, protein threading, molecular docking and dynamics studies to investigate the structur ... | 2015 | 25789990 |
| the feasibility, accuracy, and impact of xpert mtb/rif testing in a remote aboriginal community in canada. | xpert mtb/rif testing for mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance is being used extensively in countries with a high burden of tb. however, recent evidence suggests that it may not have the same accuracy or impact in high-income, low-burden tb countries. | 2015 | 25789458 |
| aranciamycins i and j, antimycobacterial anthracyclines from an australian marine-derived streptomyces sp. | chemical analysis of an australian marine-derived streptomyces sp. (cmb-m0150) yielded two new anthracycline antibiotics, aranciamycins i (1) and j (2), as well as the previously reported aranciamycin a (3) and aranciamycin (4). the aranciamycins 1-4, identified by detailed spectroscopic analysis, were noncytotoxic when tested against selected gram-negative bacteria and fungi (ic50 >30 μm) and exhibited moderate and selective cytotoxicity against gram-positive bacteria (ic50 >1.1 μm) and a panel ... | 2015 | 25789410 |
| novel 1,4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles as antitubercular agents. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a pressing unmet medical need, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. here, a series of 1,4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles have been synthesized and evaluated as potential antitubercular agents. these compounds were assembled via click chemistry in high crude purity and in moderate to high yield. of the compounds tested, 12 compounds showed promising antitubercular activity with six possessing minimum inhibitory ... | 2015 | 25788466 |
| tuberculosis: an inorganic medicinal chemistry perspective. | tuberculosis (tb) which is caused by the resilient pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) has re-emerged to become a leading public health problem in the world. the growing number of multi-drug resistant mtb strains and the more recently emerging problem with the extensively drug resistant strains of the pathogen are greatly undermining conventional anti-tb therapeutic strategies which are lengthy and expose patients to toxicity and other unwanted side effects. the search for new anti-tb drug ... | 2015 | 25850770 |
| a covalent adduct of mbtn, an acyl-acp dehydrogenase from mycobacterium tuberculosis, reveals an unusual acyl-binding pocket. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. access to iron in host macrophages depends on iron-chelating siderophores called mycobactins and is strongly correlated with mtb virulence. here, the crystal structure of an mtb enzyme involved in mycobactin biosynthesis, mbtn, in complex with its fad cofactor is presented at 2.30 å resolution. the polypeptide fold of mbtn conforms to that of the acyl-coa dehydrogenase (acad) family, consistent with its predicted role of in ... | 2015 | 25849397 |
| activity of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs against dormant and replicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 25944535 | |
| [prediction of epitopes of rv1410c mycobacterium tuberculosis protein using dnastar software]. | to predict the epitopes of rv1410c mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) protein. | 2015 | 25854566 |
| phyresse: a web tool delineating mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance and lineage from whole-genome sequencing data. | antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis poses a global threat, causing the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people annually. while whole-genome sequencing (wgs), with its unprecedented level of detail, promises to play an increasingly important role in diagnosis, data analysis is a daunting challenge. here, we present a simple-to-use web service (free for academic use at http://phyresse.org). delineating both lineage and resistance, it provides state-of-the-art methodology to life scientists and phy ... | 2015 | 25854485 |
| comparative whole-genome analysis of clinical isolates reveals characteristic architecture of mycobacterium tuberculosis pangenome. | the tubercle complex consists of closely related mycobacterium species which appear to be variants of a single species. comparative genome analysis of different strains could provide useful clues and insights into the genetic diversity of the species. we integrated genome assemblies of 96 strains from mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), which included 8 indian clinical isolates sequenced and assembled in this study, to understand its pangenome architecture. we predicted genes for all the ... | 2015 | 25853708 |
| tuberculosis - a global emergency: tools and methods to monitor, understand, and control the epidemic with specific example of the beijing lineage. | we argue in favor of a concerted and coordinated response to stop tuberculosis (tb) by monitoring global tb spread, drug-resistance surveillance and populations at risk using available molecular and web tools to identify circulating clones of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). we took specific example of the beijing lineage associated with worldwide emergence of both multiple, and extensively drug resistant (mdr/xdr)-tb. the study dataset (n=10,850 isolates, 92 countries of patient origi ... | 2015 | 25797613 |
| cytokines for monitoring anti-tuberculous therapy: a systematic review. | the ability to monitor response to therapy for tuberculosis (tb) and confirm adequate treatment would be a major advance. the low reversion rate of interferon-gamma based assays means that they are unlikely to be useful for monitoring therapy. several exploratory studies have evaluated the diagnostic potential of cytokine biomarkers other than interferon-gamma for monitoring anti-tuberculous therapy. a systematic review of these studies was performed to identify the most promising candidate biom ... | 2015 | 25797612 |
| lipid biomarkers provide evolutionary signposts for the oldest known cases of tuberculosis. | studies on the evolution of tuberculosis, and the influence of this disease on human and animal development and interaction, require the accumulation of indisputable biomarker evidence. ideally, the determination of full genomes would provide all the necessary information, but for very old specimens dna preservation may be compromised and only limited dna amplification may be a possibility. mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterised by the presence of unusual cell envelope lipids, with specific ... | 2015 | 25797611 |
| fluoroquinolones for the treatment of tuberculosis in children. | the fluoroquinolones are key components of current multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) treatment regimens and are being evaluated in shortened treatment regimens as well as in the prevention of drug-resistant tb. the objective of this review was to identify existing evidence for the use of the fluoroquinolones ofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in the treatment of tb in children. existing data from in vitro, animal and human studies consistently demonstrate the efficacy of the fluoro ... | 2015 | 25797610 |
| novel 2-(2-phenalkyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazoles as antitubercular agents. synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship. | a series of novel 2-(2-phenalkyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives and analogues (2a-3l) have been synthesized and evaluated for tuberculostatic activity. benzimidazoles substituted at the c-2 position with phenethyl, styryl and 3,5-dichlorophenethyl moiety were obtained. compounds 2g, 2h and 2i bearing methyl groups at the benzimidazole system and phenalkyl substituent at the c-2 position showed high tuberculostatic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with mic values ranging fro ... | 2015 | 25797161 |
| trehalolipid biosurfactants from nonpathogenic rhodococcus actinobacteria with diverse immunomodulatory activities. | actinobacteria of the genus rhodococcus produce trehalolipid biosurfactants with versatile biochemical properties and low toxicity. in recent years, these biosurfactants are increasingly studied as possible biomedical agents with expressed immunological activities. applications of trehalolipids from rhodococcus, predominantly cell-bound, in biomedicine are also attractive because their cost drawback could be less significant for high-value products. the review summarizes recent findings in immun ... | 2015 | 25796474 |
| molecular dissection of mycobacterium tuberculosis integration host factor reveals novel insights into the mode of dna binding and nucleoid compaction. | 2015 | 25795728 | |
| antimycobacterial activity of linezolid against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis in iran. | 2015 | 25795315 | |
| efficiency and safety of the combination of moxifloxacin, pretomanid (pa-824), and pyrazinamide during the first 8 weeks of antituberculosis treatment: a phase 2b, open-label, partly randomised trial in patients with drug-susceptible or drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. | new antituberculosis regimens are urgently needed to shorten tuberculosis treatment. following on from favourable assessment in a 2 week study, we investigated a novel regimen for efficacy and safety in drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (mdr) tuberculosis during the first 8 weeks of treatment. | 2015 | 25795076 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of new imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-benzimidazole derivatives. | in this report, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 2-(imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives (5a-ac). the molecules were analyzed by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, mass spectral and elemental data. the structure of one of the pre-final compounds, 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde (4d) and that of a target compound, 2-[2-methyl-6-(4-methyl phenyl) imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]-1h-benz ... | 2015 | 25794789 |
| tuberculosis infection in a late-medieval hungarian population. | the ad 16-17(th) century skeletal series from bácsalmás-óalmás (southern hungary) has already been the subject of previous paleopathological studies concerning tb-related bone lesions. due to recent development of macroscopic and molecular diagnostic methods in paleopathology and paleomicrobiology, a five-year international research program was recently started in order to re-evaluate the tb-related lesions in the complete series, comprising 481 skeletons. the skeletal material of these individu ... | 2015 | 25794469 |
| anti-tubercular agents from glycyrrhiza glabra. | bioactivity guided isolation of glycyrrhiza glabra (leguminosae / fabaceae) roots resulted in the characterization of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid as a major anti-tubercular agent. further, ga-1 was semi-synthetically converted into its nine derivatives, which were in-vitro evaluated for their antitubercular potential against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv using bactec-460 radiometric susceptibility assay. all the derivatives were active, but the benzylamide (ga-8, mic 12.5μg/ml) and ethyl oxylate ... | 2015 | 25786503 |
| acpm, the meromycolate extension acyl carrier protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis, is activated by the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase pptt, a potential target of the multistep mycolic acid biosynthesis. | modification of acyl carrier proteins (acp) or domains by the covalent binding of a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-pp) moiety is a fundamental condition for activation of fatty acid synthases (fases) and polyketide synthases (pkses). binding of 4'-pp is mediated by 4' phosphopantetheinyl transfersases (pptases). mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) possesses two essential pptases: acyl carrier protein synthase (mtb acps), which activates the multidomain fatty acid synthase i (fas i), and mtb pptt, an sfp ... | 2015 | 25785780 |
| combined antigen-specific interferon-γ and interleukin-2 release assay (fluorospot) for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | to evaluate interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-γ secreting t-cells in parallel for the differentiation of latent infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (ltbi) from active tuberculosis. | 2015 | 25785445 |
| quantitative proteomics and lipidomics analysis of endoplasmic reticulum of macrophage infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | even though endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress associated with mycobacterial infection has been well studied, the molecular basis of er as a crucial organelle to determine the fate of mtb is yet to be established. here, we have studied the ability of mtb to manipulate the ultrastructural architecture of macrophage er and found that the er-phenotypes associated with virulent (h37rv) and avirulent (h37ra) strains were different: a rough er (rer) with the former against a smooth er (ser) with the la ... | 2015 | 25785198 |
| deficiency of the novel exopolyphosphatase rv1026/ppx2 leads to metabolic downshift and altered cell wall permeability in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist for decades in the human host. stringent response pathways involving inorganic polyphosphate [poly(p)], which is synthesized and hydrolyzed by polyphosphate kinase (ppk) and exopolyphosphatase (ppx), respectively, are believed to play a key regulatory role in bacterial persistence. we show here that m. tuberculosis poly(p) accumulation is temporally linked to bacillary growth restriction. we also identify m. tuberculosis rv1026 as a novel exopolyphosphatase ... | 2015 | 25784702 |
| mechanistic insights from molecular dynamic simulation of rv0045c esterase in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rv0045c is an esterase involved in lipid metabolism of mycobacterium tuberculosis. it belongs to the α/β hydrolase family. in the current study, we performed sequence- and structure-based analysis of rv0045c followed by molecular dynamics (md) simulation for 100 ns to investigate conformational changes in the enzyme. sequence analysis revealed that this enzyme is possibly a hormone-sensitive lipase. further, through structural analysis, a putative catalytic tetrad containing "ser-asp-ser-his" an ... | 2015 | 25783994 |
| ip-10 measured by dry plasma spots as biomarker for therapy responses in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | tuberculosis (tb) has huge impact on human morbidity and mortality and biomarkers to support rapid tb diagnosis and ensure treatment initiation and cure are needed, especially in regions with high prevalence of multi-drug resistant tb. soluble interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (ip-10) analyzed from dry plasma spots (dps) has potential as an immunodiagnostic marker in tb infection. we analyzed ip-10 levels in plasma directly and extracted from dps in parallel by elisa from 34 clinically well ... | 2015 | 25783975 |
| co-infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis impairs hiv-specific cd8+ and cd4+ t cell functionality. | the ability of antigen-specific t cells to simultaneously produce multiple cytokines is thought to correlate with the functional capacity and efficacy of t cells. these 'polyfunctional' t cells have been associated with control of hiv. we aimed to assess the impact of co-infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) on hiv-specific cd8+ and cd4+ t cell function. we assessed t cell functionality in 34 south african adults by investigating the ifn-y, il-2, tnf-α, il-21 and il-17 cytokine secreti ... | 2015 | 25781898 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationships for extended side chain analogues of the antitubercular drug (6s)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (pa-824). | novel extended side chain nitroimidazooxazine analogues featuring diverse linker groups between two aryl rings were studied as a potential strategy to improve solubility and oral activity against chronic infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. both lipophilic and highly polar functionalities (e.g., carboxamide, alkylamine, piperazine, piperidine, but not sulfonamide) were well tolerated in vitro, and the hydrophilic linkers provided some solubility improvements, particularly in combination with ... | 2015 | 25781074 |
| testing chemical and genetic modulators in mycobacterium tuberculosis infected cells using phenotypic assays. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to colonize host cells, and it is now well admitted that the intracellular stage of the bacteria contributes to tuberculosis pathogenesis as well as to making it a persistent infection. there is still limited understanding on how the tubercle bacillus colonizes the cell and what are the factors impacting on its intracellular persistence. recent advances in imaging technique allow rapid quantification of biological objects in complex environments. furthermore, m ... | 2015 | 25779330 |
| isolation of bead phagosomes to study virulence function of m. tuberculosis cell wall lipids. | following pathogen recognition by macrophages, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, is internalized by receptor-mediated phagocytosis. phagosomes containing nonpathogenic bacteria usually follow a stepwise maturation process to phagolysosomes where bacteria are eliminated. however, as a hallmark of m. tuberculosis virulence, pathogenic mycobacteria inhibit phagosome maturation in order to generate an intracellular niche for persistence and replication in resting ... | 2015 | 25779328 |
| infection of human neutrophils to study virulence properties of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) are professional phagocytes and the first line of defense against invading microbes. upon infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis, pmn are attracted to the site of infection along an interleukin 8 gradient. in patients with active tuberculosis, pmn comprise the predominant population in the lung and carry the main mycobacterial load suggesting a minor role for pmn in protective host defense against m. tuberculosis but rather in pathology. therefore, better u ... | 2015 | 25779327 |
| macrophage infection models for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis colonizes, survives, and grows inside macrophages. in vitro macrophage infection models, using both primary macrophages and cell lines, enable the characterization of the pathogen response to macrophage immune pressure and intracellular environmental cues. we describe methods to propagate and infect primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and j774 and thp-1 macrophage-like cell lines. we also present methods on the characterization of m. tuberculosis intracellul ... | 2015 | 25779326 |
| isolation and characterization of compound-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | this chapter describes the isolation and characterization of spontaneous resistant mutants of mycobacterium tuberculosis. the overall objective of resistant mutant isolation is to determine the mode of action and/or cellular targets of new antimycobacterial agents. whole-genome sequencing of resistant mutants can identify targets of antimycobacterial drugs and mechanisms of resistance, such as efflux, changes in drug permeability, or drug recognition. mutants allow insight into in vivo biologica ... | 2015 | 25779325 |
| a multi-stress model for high throughput screening against non-replicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. | models of non-replication help us understand the biology of persistent mycobacterium tuberculosis. high throughput screening (hts) against non-replicating m. tuberculosis may lead to identification of tool compounds that affect pathways on which bacterial survival depends in such states, and to development of drugs that can overcome phenotypic tolerance to conventional antimycobacterial agents, which are mostly active against replicating m. tuberculosis. we describe a multi-stress model of non-r ... | 2015 | 25779324 |
| microplate alamar blue assay (maba) and low oxygen recovery assay (lora) for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | throughput in tuberculosis drug discovery was extremely limited prior to the introduction of microplate-based susceptibility assays. the 96-well microplate alamar blue assay (maba) allows for the quantitative determination of drug susceptibility against any strain of replicating mycobacterium tuberculosis to be completed within a week at minimal cost. the low-oxygen recovery assay (lora) uses a recombinant m. tuberculosis expressing luciferase and provides results of drug activity against non-re ... | 2015 | 25779323 |
| determination of compound kill kinetics against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in this chapter, we describe how to determine the kill kinetics and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of a compound against mycobacterium tuberculosis. techniques are described for three conditions: actively growing aerobic bacteria, and non-replicating bacteria induced by nutrient starvation and/or low ph. each technique involves determining the number of viable bacteria in the presence of several concentrations of compound over 3 weeks. guidelines for how to interpret the results, to de ... | 2015 | 25779322 |
| in vitro models that utilize hypoxia to induce non-replicating persistence in mycobacteria. | the wayne model and rapid anaerobic dormancy model are widely used methods to analyze the response of mycobacterium tuberculosis to hypoxia and anaerobiosis. in these models tubercle bacilli are grown in sealed tubes in which bacilli aerobic respiration produces a temporal oxygen gradient. the gradual depletion of oxygen results in a non-replicating persistent culture capable of extended microaerobic and anaerobic survival. here we describe both models used to induce hypoxic non-replicating pers ... | 2015 | 25779317 |
| electroporation of mycobacteria. | high-efficiency transformation of dna is integral to the study of mycobacteria, allowing genetic manipulation. electroporation is the most widely used method for introducing dna into mycobacterial strains. many parameters contribute to high-efficiency transformation; these include the species per strain, the transforming dna, the selectable marker, the growth medium additives, and the conditions of electroporation. in this chapter we provide an optimized method for the transformation of represen ... | 2015 | 25779313 |
| metabolomics of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | enzymes fuel the biochemical activities of all cells. their substrates and products thus offer a potential window into the physiologic state of a cell. metabolomics focuses on the global, or systems-level, study of small molecules in a given biological system and thus provided an experimental tool with which to study cellular physiology on a global biochemical scale. while metabolomic studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis are still in their infancy, recent studies have begun to deliver unique in ... | 2015 | 25779312 |
| rna sequencing for transcript 5'-end mapping in mycobacteria. | next-generation sequencing technologies facilitate the analysis of multiple important properties of the transcriptome in addition to gene expression levels. here we describe a method for mapping rna 5' ends in mycobacterium tuberculosis, which allows the determination of transcriptional start sites (tsss), comparative analysis of promoter usage under different conditions, and mapping of endoribonucleolytic processing sites. we describe in detail the procedures for constructing rna sequencing lib ... | 2015 | 25779309 |
| whole-transcriptome sequencing for high-resolution transcriptomic analysis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rna-seq uses next-generation sequencing technology to determine the transcription profile of an organism in a quantitative manner. with respect to microarrays, this methodology allows greater resolution, increased dynamic range, and identification of new features such as previously unannotated genes and noncoding rnas. here we describe how to extract rna from mycobacterial cultures, how to prepare libraries for illumina sequencing, and the bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data to determ ... | 2015 | 25779308 |
| discovery of inha inhibitors with anti-mycobacterial activity through a matched molecular pair approach. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (mtinha) is an attractive enzyme and a thoroughly studied target for tuberculosis therapy. in this study, to identify novel structure-activity relationships (sars) of mtinha inhibitors, a series of diphenyl ether derivatives were designed based on the matched molecular pair (mmp) method, and the binding energies of these compounds were subsequently estimated by in silico structure-based drug screening (sbds) to ... | 2015 | 25778993 |
| pharmacodynamic modeling of bacillary elimination rates and detection of bacterial lipid bodies in sputum to predict and understand outcomes in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. | antibiotic-tolerant bacterial persistence prevents treatment shortening in drug-susceptible tuberculosis, and accumulation of intracellular lipid bodies has been proposed to identify a persister phenotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. in malawi, we modeled bacillary elimination rates (bers) from sputum cultures and calculated the percentage of lipid body-positive acid-fast bacilli (%lb + afb) on sputum smears. we assessed whether these putative measurements of persistence predict unfavora ... | 2015 | 25778753 |
| toll-like receptor 2-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages drives anti-inflammatory responses and inhibits th1 polarization of responding t cells. | mycobacterium tuberculosis survives within macrophages and employs immune evasion mechanisms to persist in the host. protective t helper type 1 (th1) responses are induced, and the immune response in most individuals is sufficient to restrict m. tuberculosis to latent infection, but most infections are not completely resolved. as t cells and macrophages respond, a balance is established between protective th1-associated and other proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-12 (il-12), interfe ... | 2015 | 25776754 |
| correlates between models of virulence for mycobacterium tuberculosis among isolates of the central asian lineage: a case for lysozyme resistance testing? | virulence factors (vfs) contribute to the emergence of new human mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, are lineage dependent, and are relevant to the development of m. tuberculosis drugs/vaccines. vfs were sought within m. tuberculosis lineage 3, which has the central asian (cas) spoligotype. three isolates were selected from clusters previously identified as dominant in london, united kingdom. strain-associated virulence was studied in guinea pig, monocyte-derived macrophage, and lysozyme resista ... | 2015 | 25776753 |
| molluscum-like papules as a presentation of early papulonecrotic tuberculid in association with nodular tuberculid in a male with asymptomatic active pulmonary tuberculosis. | the clinical and histopathologic findings of a rare simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and nodular tuberclid in a patient with active but asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. papulonecrotic tuberculid was observed at a very early stage, presenting as molluscum-like lesions. this has been described once in the literature. this was observed in conjunction with lesions compatible with the rare clinicopathologic variant of nodular tuberculid. critical to the diagnosis ... | 2015 | 25775625 |
| susceptibility to tuberculosis is associated with variants in the asap1 gene encoding a regulator of dendritic cell migration. | human genetic factors predispose to tuberculosis (tb). we studied 7.6 million genetic variants in 5,530 people with pulmonary tb and in 5,607 healthy controls. in the combined analysis of these subjects and the follow-up cohort (15,087 tb patients and controls altogether), we found an association between tb and variants located in introns of the asap1 gene on chromosome 8q24 (p = 2.6 × 10(-11) for rs4733781; p = 1.0 × 10(-10) for rs10956514). dendritic cells (dcs) showed high asap1 expression th ... | 2015 | 25774636 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children: muddying the waters of tuberculosis diagnosis. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are a large family of acid-fast bacteria, widespread in the environment. in children, ntm cause lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and occasionally also lung disease and disseminated infections. these manifestations can be indistinguishable from tuberculosis on the basis of clinical and radiological findings and tuberculin skin testing. a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for respiratory physicians and other clinicians is therefore evident, partic ... | 2015 | 25773213 |
| improving the tuberculosis drug development pipeline. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered one of the most successful pathogens and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease that urgently requires new chemical entities to be developed for treatment. there are currently several new molecules under clinical investigation in the tuberculosis (tb) drug development pipeline. however, the complex lifestyle of m. tuberculosis within the host presents a barrier to the development of new drugs. in this review, we highlight the reasons that make tb dru ... | 2015 | 25772393 |
| tuberculosis in saudi arabia: the journey across time. | saudi arabia is the third-largest arab country with a moderate annual burden of tuberculosis. however, tuberculosis (tb) is among several infectious diseases that have not been brought under control, despite the government's considerable efforts. this is clearly evidenced by the ongoing transmission of several imported and indigenous clades of mycobacterium tuberculosis. in addition, the country faces the threat from rising proportions of extrapulmonary tb, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infectio ... | 2015 | 25771458 |
| morphological and biomolecular evidence for tuberculosis in 8th century ad skeletons from bélmegyer-csömöki domb, hungary. | macromorphological analysis of skeletons, from 20 selected graves of the 8th century ad bélmegyer-csömöki domb, revealed 19 cases of possible skeletal tuberculosis. biomolecular analyses provided general support for such diagnoses, including the individual without pathology, but the data did not show coherent consistency over the range of biomarkers examined. amplification of ancient dna fragments found evidence for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dna only in five graves. in contrast, var ... | 2015 | 25771204 |
| evolutionary changes in the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human genome from 9000 years bp until modern times. | the demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna in ancient skeletons gives researchers an insight into its evolution. findings of the last two decades sketched the biological relationships between the various species of tubercle bacilli, the time scale involved, their possible origin and dispersal. this paper includes the available evidence and on-going research. in the submerged eastern mediterranean neolithic village of atlit yam (9000 bp), a human lineage of m. tuberculosis, defined by th ... | 2015 | 25771203 |